Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 275, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 March 1930 — Page 6

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Sf*lP* 3 - MOW AMD

The Truth About the Mexican War Professor Justin H. Smith, who died recently, will be remembered as the man who did more than any other American to clarity the actual facts concerning our war with Mexico in the middle of the last century. Conventional patriotic view of the Mexican war was that it wa3 a glorious crusade of Anglo-Saxon liberty against Latin tyranny. It was an unselfish battle for the freedom of Texas and the world. A reaction set in against this Interpretation. Even reputable historians came to picture the war as an example of brutal aggression on the part of a great state against a brave little country which wanted peace, but was too proud to surrender its territory without fighting. It remained for Professor Smith to reject both of these interpretations and to give a realistic account of the conflict. He made it clear that the United States was not solely interested in human liberty in waging the Mexican war. President Polk certainly was willing to go to war If Texas could not be acquired in any otHer way. And there is no denying that the United States was a far stronger country than Mexico. At the same time, there is no doubt that Mexico was much more eager for war in 1846 than was our government at Washington. At that period Mexico was controlled by a succession of military adventurers who could maintain their hold on the government only through keeping their compatriots excited and united by hatred of the United States. The Mexicans refused to receive the commissioners whom Polk had sent down to try to straighten out matters. They insulted the United States and our representatives and ridiculed our institutions in the most open and varied fashion. Moreover, strange as it may seem now, the Mexicans actually were confident that they could defeat any force the United States could send to the border. One Mexican was believed to be a match for ten American soldiers. Santa Anna himself confessed after the war was over that his country had invited the struggle and hoped that it would come. Os course it must be obvious that the facts of 18441847 should in no way influence our present relations with Mexico. But it is well to understand that the United States did not act the part of a great bully at the time of the Mexican war, and that Mexico was not the Belgium of 1847. For the first clear and definite analysis of the ""’-its and issues of this dramatic conflict of nearly a century ago. we are Indebted mainly to the long, patient, and unprejudiced labors of Dr. Smith.

Despite the Fog That President Hoover and the American delegation at London have split over policy is the conclusion of correspondents comparing the White House and Stimson naval statements. With the White House denouncing a consultation pact as a snare and a delusion, and the American delegation professing an "open mind'* on the subject if France's security demands can be met by Britain, there is an apparent disagreement. We suspect, however, that the disagreement is not very deep. It looks, rather, like the familiar game of trying to play both ends against the middle. The White House statements will satisfy the senate irreconcilables, while the Stimson statement in London gives a faint hope to the dying conference and satisfies some of the less critical peace organizations. Whatever the explanation, the President, under public pressure, seems to have retreated about an inch from his headlong reversal of American policy. That is, he has permitted the American delegation to offer In conditional form the consultation pact, which some of the delegation hive long wanted to offer unconditionally, In conformity with other American treaties. Doubtless this grudging step Is better than notliamg, for it temporarily has at least broken the Lonwon impasse. But the method used has put America fm a bad light. Instead of proposing unconditionally and immediately a treaty under which we agreed to consult with others whenever war threatened, the Stimson statement demanded as a prior condition that others meet France’s security demands. That places us In the position of refusing—as we should refuse —to enter a military pact, but of insisting that Britain enter such a military agreement with Prance. Probably a British-French security pact is the necessary price of a naval reduction treaty’, but it certainly is unnecessary and dangerous for the United States to be the one to dictate that prtce. The irony of the situation is that Hoover has been opposing a non-military- consultation treaty, on the untenable ground that it might imply morally some American military commitment. .And now he seems to be gong out of his way to shoulder an actual moral responsibility for a British-French miltary agreement. We fail to see the wisdom of such diplomacy. We believe it is high time for the President to oreak through this contradictory Washington maneuvering, this London intrigue, this secret trading, and cet back to an open avowal of the American policy of the Pacific and Kellogg pacts. An American non-military consultation treaty, like the Pacific and Kellogg pacts, should be offered im- v . mediately. At the same time we should withdraw American pressure upon others to enter a separate security pact, and declare formally that a European security pact Is not our responsibility, either directly or indirectly. Otherwise, the small senate Irreconcilable group, already stimulated by the Hoover confusion, might be able to convince the country that there is no essential difference between a consultation and a security pact. Your Nose Does Not Know We are losing our sense of smell. As we come to work with the crowd In the morning, we can’t be sure whether the passenger who holds to the adjoining strap is using a rare perfume or whether he Just needs a bath This situation is destined to change. In fact, professional liquor smellers already are becoming so keen of olfactory sense that they can detect the presence of liquor on a speed boat as it whizzes by at forty knots. True, they sometimes make mistakes. In which event there is "more work for the undertaker; another little job for the cabinet maker.’’ But what of that? It gives the coroner something to do in these days when even the President of the United States says that everybody ought to go to work. Up to now we have devoted ourselves too much to our own business. That’s why our noses have failed

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIFFS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) OwnM and published daily (except Sunday) by Tbe Indlanapolig Time* Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. ' BOYt) GURLEY. BOY W. FRANK G. MORRISON, Kdltor President Business Manager ~ I'HONK— ltTlcy .Vai FRIDAY. MARCH 23. 1930. .Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Asso. ciatlon. Newspaper Information .Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

to develop as they should. But nature has a way of correcting things. As our descendants, from generation to generation, gird on the armor of righteousness and go forth to smell out evil, their sense of smell will develop. They will detect many things in the air that now are a total waste. As time goes on, their noses will grow and grow. Then, instead of the bathing beauty contests now held at Atlantic City, there will be smelling contests. The winner, instead of getting a dinky medal, will be anointed high chieftain of the Anti-Saloon League. As this new king of the realm passes down the boardwalk, an envious small boy, awed in the presence of majesty and fearing to speak aloud, will say to himself: “Some day . Some day bands will play and flags will flutter in my honor, for I’m going to be the best smeller in all the world.’’ Meanwhile, fathers, begin now to instill in your boys the germ of ambition. Maybe In your veins runs the blood of a great smeller. Who know r s? Your nose doesn’t. Another Prison Outbreak New prison mutinies are reported from the Missouri state penitentiary at Jefferson City, and militia units have been mobilized. As in numerous other outbreaks throughout the country in recent months the causes seem clear. The penitentiary is housing twice the number of men for which it was designed. The convicts claim they are poorly fed. They charge also they are made to work too hard. How well-founded these charges are can not, of course, be told. But any prisoner knows that his chances of gaining anything through mutiny are slim. He is faced with overwhelming force* and punishment is in prospect later. It is the act of desperate men to rebel against an authority they can not hope to escape. The Missouri outbreak is only another evidence of the lamentable conditions in our prisons, state and federal. The federal government is seeking measures of relief, and the state can not avoid doing likewise.

More Tariff Backfire Lace workers of France are conducting demonstrations and protesting to their government against the 300 per cent increase in duty on their product voted into the Grundy tariff bill by the senate. Meantime, the French chamber of deputies is considering an Increase on the duty of American automobiles in retaliation. American agents and manufacturers are combating growing sentiment in favor of the levy. The incident is another illustration of the growing and legitimate hostility of foreign nations to our policy of imposing embargoes on their products, while seekng to dispose of our own surpluses to them. Shade of Jefferson The ghost of Thomas Jefferson must have smiled when he learned that Simeon D. Fess of Ohio had been selected as the principal speaker at Founders’ day exercises at the University of Virginia on Jeflerson’s birthday, under auspices of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association. There is no stancher exponent of Old Guard Republicanism in the senate than Senator Fess. He is a true apostle of conservatism, and has about as much in common with Thomas Jefferson as did Alexander Hamilton. The preacher who said that the mother's bridge md the father’s golf are responsible when their boy lets into trouble probably had in mind the pernicious influence of profane language. A woman has been awarded SI,OOO damages because a parrot bit her finger in a bird store. Next *hing you know- they’ll be suing parrots for slander. A horse was killed in Georgia recently while battling with a camel. Now watch the prohibitionists capitalize the incident. The senate has raised the duty on straw hats. This Is bound to be felt somewhere.

REASON By * LANDIS 01 '

Let us hope the American Legion post at Mishawaka started something by its resolution, asking that the state furnish free school books, as is done in most other states. But this does not go far enough: the state should erect its own establishment and print the volumes, thereby escaping the pillage which has so long resulted from the endless change of school books. ana One member of the South African senate senseless because he talked too much. The idea is not without its advantages. * # Now that A1 Capone mercifully has terminated the anxiety of the republic by disclosing his whereabouts, the American people can resume their admiring contemplation of the masterful strides which the London naval conference is making toward the millennium. a a b MRS HOUDINI. widow of the magician, declares she has no faith in spiritualism, having failed to connect with her late husband. In view of the fact that Houdini spent his life fighting the spiritualists, he may refuse to return because he does not want to go back on his record. * a a a France has named a boulevard in Paris for the late Ambassador Myron T. Herrick, thus placing him on a par with that other ambassador, Benjamin Franklin, so far as French popularity is concerned. Up to date, however, Mother aNture has not seen fit to place any other American on a par with Franklin. so far as ability is concerned. nan A PORTLAND find.) scientist warns the world that a lack of air is driving the inhabitants of Mars from their old home and that they will exterminate all of us by successive waves of germs, then come in great air fleets and take possession of the earth. That kind of an expedition will take a lot of gas. ana The government orders fifty attack planes and seventy-three bombardment planes, all of them to cost less than *3.000,000 or less than one-tenth the cost of one battleship and yet no man in his right mind has any doubt of what the result would be if just one of those air fighter* would go to the mat with a battleship.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

No Matter How Hard We Are Hit by the Btisiness Slump, We Do Ourselves No Good by Whining. JUST to break the monotony, let us forget scandal, crime and controversy for a moment. After all, what the many are doing to make things better is of more consequence than what the few are doing to make them worse. We have been through a tough winter, but this is spring and June is not far away. Why not take a hint from nature, who is waking up, as usual, in spite of all the frost? n u a Have you noticed the shrub somebody stepped on? It is trying to bud just the same. Have you noticed the grass where some careless driver got out of the read? It is trying to struggle up in the ruts. Have you noticed the old, gnarled tree that lost half of its limbs in a storm? It is trying to live on the rest. That is nature’s way of meeting difficulties, and we ought to be inspired by it.

Whispering Is No Help UNEMPLOYMENT? Os course, there is too much. But we can’t overcome it, by assuming that business will be bad. The state of mind with which we approach a problem will not solve it, but it has a profound bearing on the energy’ we put forth. Whispers have caused more than one rim on a bank, and w’hispers can accomplish just as much in the opposite direction. No matter how hard hit we are, we do ourselves no good by whining. n t$ k Put the stock crash behind you, for that is where it is; also, the slump in business to which it led. Both call for greater exertion, instead of less, besides, we do not appear to have been hurt as badly as we thought we were. Government experts are even prophesying that the one per cent cut in income taxes will remain. u u a Savings Are Up DEPOSITS in New York’s savings banks where no individual account of more than $7,500 Is allowed have increased by fifty million dollars. Building permits for the first three months of this year compare more than favorably with those for the first three months of last year. States and cities throughout the country have appropriated unusually large sums for improvement. So, too, have many public utilities. But neither the government nor big business can carry’ this load alone. B B B In spite of all the merging, combining, taxing and bonding, American prosperity still rests with the individual. It is not the amount of steel produced by some big corporation, or the number of automobiles manufactured, that tells the story, but what John Smith and his wife are able to buy depends to a large extent on how they feel. In many cases John Smith and his wife can not feel very optimistic, unless thay are connected with the good old pay roll. But you’d be surprised to know how many John Smiths and their wives are making their own pay rolls, providing their own jobs and running their own little businesses.

Little Fellow Counts IN the first place, there are some six million farmers; in the next, some two million professional men and women, and in the next some two million small merchants. Even in corporate activities, the small enterprise still plays a large part, there being more than 400,000 stock companies chartered. We have read about merger and combination, until it seems as though the whole country were being swallowed up by them, but if the small fry were taken out of the picture, there would be a great void. u b b The future of this country, whether measured in months or centuries, still depends not on what a few big boys will do for the rest, but what the rest can do for itself. Thirty years ago, Henry Ford was in a bicycle shop, and so was Wilbur Wright. That is not the exception, but the rule. If you would find the great industrial leaders of tomorrow, go to the little establishments, where youth is learning to develop independence and initiative. Not only immediate needs, but progress in its larger sense calls for a fighting spirit at the bottom.

Questions and Answers

Are people bom in the District of Columbia deprived entirely of the right to vote? If they have their permanent residence or domicile in the District of Columbia they have no vote. If they establish legal residence in any state of the Union and satisfy other requirements for suffrage in that state, they may vote there. Who were the participants in the ten-round semi-final bout, at the Mickey Walker-Mike McTigue fight in Newark, N. J„ Jan. 7, 1925? Bobby Barrett, Philadelphia welterweight, knocked out Jack Rappaport in the eighth* round of the scheduled ten-round semi-final bout. Is the Christian name the last or the first name? It is the first name, socalled, because it is given in baptism. The last name is the surname. Has Fred Stone ever appeared in a talking picture? As far as we are able to ascertain Fred Ston° has never appeared in a moving pic cure, other than a possible news reeL

nsri DON’T BITE /r . , / /

If You’re Bald Don’t Get Fussy

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of tlie American Medical Association and of Hygcia. the Health Sfagatine. IN a study of baldness in many families, Osborne concluded that baldness is inherited as a, dominant character from father to son. In women baldness is a recessive character, which explains the fact that very rarely indeed are women inclined to be bald. It is now recognized that there are many factors in the human body which control the growth of hair, and that these factors are manifested through the secretions of the glands of internal secretions. Eunuchs do not become bald, which,

IT SEEMS TO ME ™ D

SPRING is here, which reminds me of the fact that things are beginning to grow, and that presently there will be a campaign for farm relief. It generally is held that no city dweller understands anything about the farmer and his problems. Speaking for myself, I must admit that’s true. I don’t understand him and his perplexities. At this distance from the soil I see the farmer as a man who gets up at 4 a. m. to plant a sufficient quantity of wheat to glut the market and bankrupt himself and all his fellows. Some years ago there was a joke in one of Senator Capper’s farm journals which was supposed to show the folly of us city chaps. It ran: Farmer (to new hired hand from New' York, who, on being awakened at 4 a. m., has dressed and started to walk down the road): Aren’t you going to eat any breakfast before you go out to the fields? New’ hired hand (still a New Yorker): I’m not going to the fields. Same farmer: Where are you going? New hired hand: I’m going to look for some place where I can spend the night. Why So Early NOW, I’m blessed if I can see in what way that’s a job on the city chap. His conduct appears to me entirely rational. Tire joke Is on the farmer. I still don’t know why the farmer gets up at 4 a. m. It’s not only bad for him. but for the rest of us well. Populism, prohibition and fundamentalism can all be traced to this early rising. I’d be willing to bet that any reasonably good efficiency engineer could so schedule the activities of the average farm that scandalous goings-on like getting out of bed before daybreak would be wholly unnecessary. As I understand It, one of the things done at the unearthly hour of 4 a. m. is milking. And yet they expect to have contented cow's. Why couldn't there be a compromise?' I’m sure the herd would just as soon meet the milkmaids and the milkman at, let’s say, about 9:15. If I read the advertisements correctly. at least one of the biggest canning companies utilizes only such milk as comes from happy, contented cows, and throws the rest away. Now, st, rely, it’s a pity that the nation’s food supply should be diminished by mere petulance. n b tt Bovine Psychologist ry-vHE job of bovine psychologist must be Maybe that is not the name, but there must be somebody who rates the contentment of the cows. I’ve always wondered how it was done. I imagine a kindly man of middle age walking down the corridor with cattle to the right and left, asking in a low voice, "Any complaints today?” When the animal addressed nods her head or continues methodically with her cud. it is to be assumed that all’s right with the world, but if she lashes out at the inspector with one heel or more, he has reason to suspect that she is hinting of o rrripvjlnpp And right here is the ticklish part

Next!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE -

also w’ould tend to justify the belief that baldness is a sex limited trait. There are some races in which baldness practically never appears, including the Eskimo; whereas, there are other groups in which baldness may be fairly common. A family in Transvall was described in which all of the men in three generations became bald at 21 years of age or younger, whereas all of the women had abundant hair. Premature whitening of the hair also seems to be inherited, one observer having described nine cases in five generations. It also is recognized that the method of growth of the hair, including particularly

'of the job. It’s up to the bovine psychologist to ascertain just which part of the regime is one rose to bossie. Seemingly, not a single inspector has hit upon the idea which I have freely offered to the farmers of America. I mean the suggestion that there can well be cows to w’hom 4 a. m. is much too early for buckling down to work. It w'as a cow, wasn’t it, that kicked over a lamp and all but burned Chicago? What do you call that, but a protest, and it couldn’t have been the local administration of finances which disturbed her, for this was years before the day of Big Bill Thompson. BUB Dumb Animals r’ is no trick at all to train animals to become accustomed to normal, natural hours. I’ll admit

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—Unemployment and a remedy for it now are being discussed by many people. Citizens of our city Bre paying a high tax rate for the upkeep of the city and its schools and those who rent property are paying his landlord’s taxes. With these facts in mind, why not give Indinapolis men the preference for employment? 1 think if a poll were taken of

, j j fellowship of | l% * I / Daili) V [ Lenten Devotion \

Friday, March 28

LOOKING FOR THE GOOD Memory Verse: "If there be any virtue and if there be any praise, think on these things” 4:8). Read Matthew' 36:13-20. MEDITATION In other words, look for the good In others and you will find it! Jesus was always looking for the admirable which He felt was in every soul, though sometimes hidden. There are many old tales among the Cheyenne Indians of one Wihio. On one occasion, through forgetfulness he lost his eyes. He begged one from a mouse and one from a buffalo. Henceforth he went through life with one big eye and one little one. Indians are not moralists. The white man would use such a tale as this to enforce a teaching: Have one big eye with which to look at men’s excellencies and one small eye for their defects. PRAYER "O Father, dispose us to a sincere sympathy with all men, not only to see extraordinary excellence with joy, but to take pleasure in the humblest improvements of our fellow creatures. Incline us to respect the feelings of others so that we may never wound any heart nor depress a human being.” —Adapted from W. E. Charming.

the whorl at the back of the head, may be an inherited characteristic. Special studies were made by Danforth of superfluous hair on the women. Apparently this also tends to run in families and is inherited through the female side. Hair on the back of the fingers in man also is an hereditary characteristic which tends to disappear in succeeding generations. Hairles. ness in animals is not uncommon, the hairless dog of northern Mexico being a conspicuous example. Apparently this trait is inherited to such extent that mixtures of hairless dogs with normal dogs gives only half of each kind in progeny.

(deals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

that I am theorizing as far as cows are concerned, but dogs readily adopt the habits of civilized human beings. Captain Flagg, the airedale, used to be up each morning and barking furiously by G. An intelligent dog, he gradually got in through his head that there were nice people who didn’t do such things. Now he sleeps till noon, and I rather think that if any stranger suggested rising before that hour, the dog would bite him. And has no farmer ever observed how nature itself conspires to make the precious hours between 5 a. m. and noon suitable for the sleeper? One thing I know from experience. It is not only possible, but rather pleasant, to sleep in the country until noon or a little later. In fact, I can’t think of any other pursuit the country has to offer which is half so attractive. (Copyright. 1930. by The Timesi

factories, shops and other places of employment, it would reveal many persons who are employed do not live in Indianapolis, nor do they spend any of their earnings here. Some leave farms to work in the city while others live in small towns to secure cheaper rent and living costs. I say send those people back to the farms and small towns and give our city people a chance. A CONSTANT READER. DAILY THOUGHT Boast.not thyself of tomorrow; for thou knowest not what .a day may bring forth.—Proverbs 27:1. The insignificant, the empty, is usually the loud and after the manner of a drum, Is louder evert because of its emptiness.—Carlyle.

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.MARCH 28, mn

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Sir John Franklin Gave /[ Life in Daring Arcs Wrath to Find the "Non west Passage .” \ THE story’ of modem polar i\ search begins with the fxaA fate of Sir John Franklin, bra-e English sailor, who set out to find the “Northwest Passage” from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and died m the cabin of his vessel as it was held fast in the clutches of the .Arctic ice. On May 19, 1845, Franklin set sail with two ships, the Erebus and the Terror. His ships last were seen on July 26 of that year. It was not until fourteen years later that the mystery of what had happened to the gallant Franklin and his brave men was solved. Then search parties managed to reconstruct the fate which had overtaken them. Franklin was bom In Spllsby* Lincolnshire, England, April 16| 1786. His father wanted him tef study for the clergy, but the boyl finally persuaded his father to let! him enter the navy. He became a midshipman on the* Polyphemus and on April 2. 1801 J took part, in the bat tle of Copen-I hpgen. Later, he made a trip to! Australia and still later took parti in the battle of Trafalgar. His Arctic career began in 1818. when he commanded the Trent in Captain Buchan’s expedition. He returned to the Arctic in 1819 and 1825. In 1845 he started upon the. last expedition he was destined to make. He had been commissioned to find an Arctic passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Winter THE story of the expedition has been reconstructed from records found by the search parties. The Erebus and Terror had sailed through Baffin’s bay and past Beechy Island to the then unexplored waters of Wellington channel. They passed through the channel and sailed on for 150 miles. The ice was beginning to grow thicker, for winter was approaching. Accordingly, Franklin decided it was. time to put up for the winter. The boats were sailed into a harbor, the rigging removed, and snow heaped against the sides of the vessels to conserve heat within them. They were within 250 miles of the end of their journey at the time. Three members of the expedition died during that winter. Their deaths were attested by the three headstones found later by the search parties who retraced the path of the expedition. The voyage was resumed in July and another 100 miles covered before winter again settled down upon the expedition. Only 100 miles remained to be traveled, but that 100 miles was blocked with heavy ice tides. The winter of 1846-7 was passed off the extreme northly point of King William's Land. Suffering was even more severe during this winter. In May, before the ships were tfiosed from the ice, Franklin sent Lieutenant Graham Gore and a party of seven men ahead with sleds to see what the prospects ahead were like. Gore skirted the coast of King William’s Land and reached a high point from which he could see the coast of the mainland fading away to the horizon with a sea of ice in front of it. It was the end of the northwest passage.

End GORE and hri men built a cairn of rocks and put within it a tin j canister containing a record of their i trip and its results. Gore hurried back to the ships, but the men failed to greet him with enthusiasm. Soon he foum reason. Franklin was dying. re j told him the good news, but on June 11, 1847, Franklin died. As July approached the officers and men waited anxiously for the breaking up of the ice which would set their ship free. But the mass of ice failed to break up. drifting slowly until the two ships, fast In the ice, were within fifteen miles of Point Victory’, as Gore had named the spot where he erected the cairn, and within sixty miles of the mainland coast. The summer months passed and for a third time they found winter settling down. Provisions were scarce. An epidemic of scurvy broke out. On April 22, 1848, they deserted the ships and started out with sleds. They reached the cairn on Point Victory and put additional documents in it, documents from which these facts are known. Then the officers and men, 105 in number, pushed on. But none of them survived the hardships.