Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 270, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 March 1930 — Page 4

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i's l P P.I -HOW A* t*

Discouraging Citizenship Is It mon. important to register an alien than to make him a citizen of the United States? The action of th< Uni'ed States government would make it appear >o. Congress now Is seriously discussing a bill to compel the registration of ail aliens within our borders. A- the same time we recently have put into operation a ruling which greatly increases the cost of taking out citizenship papers. On July 1, 1929. the cost of first papers for prospective citizens was increased from $1 to $5. The char . for ,>ecrtnd papers was increased from *4 to $lO. The B' "ia! cost of taking out papers and becoming a citizen easily mav run to SSO. Many feel that they must consul* an attorney for advice. Then a man taking out citizenship papers must be accompanied by two witnesses, who will swear tha' they have known the person in question for ir e > -cars. The man applying for papers feels that he .-hould remunerate his witnesses for the time they have los f from their working day. That tin:- increased cost of becoming a citizen tnafk' dly has reduced the number of those applying for citizenship papers since July, 1929, is provided definitely by Harold fields, executive director of the League for Anierv an Citizenship, in an article in the New York Times. The following statistics show a decided failing off in applications in the closing six month- of the year 1929, as compared with the lastsix months of 1928 First Papr-r Applications TP 1928 1929 Jgiv 22.671 35,895 a m ust 17,649 22,652 September 19.863 7,043 October 18,318 3,200 November 19,067 5,526 December 17,101 5,030 Totnl 114,46? 79,340 Second Paper Petitions 1928 1929 July 23,305 ?G,598 August 12.586 13.49 C September 17,872 4,205 . October 14,531 5,937 November 20.038 62231 Dec-umber 17,696 9,420 i Total 106,028 65,887 There would seem 10 be little rhyme or reason to any such procedure. We are slashing our tax rate to the rich and returning hundreds of millions in tax refunds. Why add this additional tax on the lowest income group in the country-? They already, have to face the greatest difficulties in getting adjusted to American life and institutions. Why extol the virtues of American citizenship and then. place a financial wall between the alien and naturalization? Forty or fifty dollars may mean little to the middie and upper classes, but to the hard-pressed alien it may mean serious temporary privation. Bounties to aliens who will become citizens well may bes rowned upon, but a financial penalty is even more indefensible. Xlimony (Gold Diggers Alimom payers throughout the country no doubt will watch with interest the progress of a bill Introduced in the New York legislature for the relief of husbands and ex-husbartis who are obliged to support wive, with whom they no longer live. The bill would allow a husband who has defaulted to petition the court for a reduction in his payments. Dr. c. R. WUniier of the National Sociological League, told a legislative committee the time has arrived when tne state must take a stand against the ♦‘alimony gold diggers.” Many women now marry, he said, in anticipation of th, amount of alimony thev will be able to collect. He said there are eighteen divorces for every 100 marriages. No doubt there Is much in what the doctor says. Alimony mi the support of children or ol women unable take care of themselves can r.ot be condemned. But there has been much abuse of alimony laws. Often the earning capacity of a man diminishes, he loses His job. or suffers financial reverses. Then he is thrown u\ jail without a chance to explain or to petition for relief and. often as not, the wife herself has. or v is capable of earning, a comfortable income. Tax Prospects Administration fears that March income tax payments might fall below estimates have been dissipated by he showing thus far made. The treasury feels cert:.in that the expected $550,000,000 will be equaled or exceeded. I Hiring the first eighteen days of the month. $314.300.it00 was paid in. a gain of some $43,000,000 over last year. In March a year ago more than $600,000,000 was collected. Since then taxes hare been reduced and he .-nock market collar:.--cd. Uncertainty existed until 1930 tax returns were In. 'Hie 1930 taxes are paid on 1929 income. More tlian half of the 1929 year was extremely prosperous. Tex payments during the remainder c* the year mav not meet 1929 or anticipated levels. But indications .are hat payments will take care of the budget estimate of $3,830,000,000. It will bo recalled that the Preside! unc six - weeks ago cautioned congress against unusual ar.d excessive expenditures for the fiscal year, which begins July 1. Two of the quarterly 1930 income tax installments will fall in the current fiscal year and two in the next. Whether the reduction of 1 per cent on normal tax rates which was applied to 1930 payments will be extended will depend on future payments and on business conditions. For the time being, at least, federal finances are sound. No Crime Wave? "The popular impression that, a crime wave is sweeping over the United States as a fallacy and is unsupported by reports of law-breaking in #ll parts of the country to the International Association of Chiefs of Police, made public by Bruce Smith, representing the committee on uniform crime records.” So reads a comforting press dispatch from Washington. Wc wonder If the facts warrant any such rosy view of the situation? No doubt there was much hysteria in the crime scare of the last few years which led to the habitual criminal laws, panicky administration of ridiculously severe sentences by judges and the like. But the assumption that the crime conditions in the country are anything to be satisfied With does no' follow Such figures as are involved in the above reports mean little or nothing when judging the question of existence of a crime wave today. We should need

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPPB-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except S-imlay) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 ''••nts a copy; elsewhere, 8 cent*— delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY, BOY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President __ Business Manager t HONE—Riley SMI SATURDAY, MARCH 22. 1530. Member of United Presa, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

the facts about crime per capita ten years ago and twenty years ago. And these we do not have. Even the statistics referred to in the above reports are grotesquely incomplete and inadequate relative to conditions at the present moment. Therefore, we simply can not say whether crime is increasing markedly or is on the wane. Whether crime is increasing or not, certainly the facts make it clear that we have a scandalous volume of crime per capita compared to Canada, England and most continental countries. And our record as to arrests and convictions is even more deplorable. If we have no ‘‘crime wave,” we most certainly, have a national “crime scandal.” It Is well to stay any hysteria on the subject, but in so doing we should avoid giving the impression that there is any ground for complacency and satisfaction with the way we are proceeding to prevent crime and to apprehend and treat those who commit criminal offenses. There is no use of minimizing the size or immediacy oi the job on our hands. Huston Hangs On r 'V T Those who are enjoying the senate committee exposures of Chairman Huston of the Republican national committee are the Democrats. Just around the corner is the congressional election campaign. Everything has been going the Democrats’ way recently, what with the London naval confeemce impasse, the tariff mess, prohibition skidding, ausiness depressions, and other administration troubles. And now that all of this is jazzed up by a skeleton in the Republican family closet, the Democrats are happier than they have been in years. Keep Huston at the head of the Republican organization by all means, say the Democrats—the longer, the better. In his accommodating way, Huston seems to agree. At least, he denies he is going to resign. All that the senate committee has uncovered so far is that he has the active head of a lobby organization trying to get Muscle Shoals for the American Cyanamide Company, that he kept no record of funds handled, that he and the Union Carbide Company disagree as to whether he was given $36,000 lor lobbying or for maps, that he temporarily diverted lobby funds to his private brokerage account to buy stocks on margin, and that he generally has been “indiscreet,’’ to use the mild term applied by his friends. The “young guard” Republicans can not see it Huston’s way or the Democrats’ way. Huston can not be kicked out too soon to suit them. They think the G. O. P has enough troubles without carrying a suspect chairman. The Republican “oia guard” may feel the same about it, but they are not saving so. They wouldn’t. The> wax silent in faxe of the Harding administration scandals. Their strategy now, apparently, is to hope that -he Huston fuss will die down, permitting him later to slip out quietly. The actual decision as to whether Huston departs suddenly or otherwise will have to be made by President Hoover, as head of the Republican party. "It ought to be as easy to buy a home as an automobile," say- Pry M. Hudson of the United States bureau of standards. Yes, but it’s more difficult to run a home. To understand a modern young lady’s vocabulary it is necessary to know that “cute” may describe a sports roadster, a bridge prize, a dance step, a baby or Rudy Vallee. Sir Harry Lauder, Scotch comedian, broke a rib when he fell in his bath tub. He might have been without an occupation had he fallen on his funny bone. A scientist lias traced man’s ancestry to the bear. There’s nothing like starting off with our forebears. "Chaplin to Make Silent Movies,” headline. How about Cal Coolidge for the board of directors.

REASON By

IT makes one feel rather aristocratic to belong to the the human race when its astronomers for thirtylive years have been able to fortell with astonishing accuracy the existence of this newly discovered ninth planet, billions of miles away. u u u The marvelous thing oi this life is the lifting ot" man from the cave to the stars, from the hairy beast, whose shallow' brain was filled with lust, ignorance and superstition, to the scientist, able to send his audacious dreams on voyages to unseen worlds. There's the real miracle! SUM And with all man has done, ii is thrilling to remember that Thomas A. Edison has said that man 14 only beginning to climb and that the great achievements of the last century have only scratched the surface of things and that the next century will make this one seem crude. BUB OF course, this new planet belongs to us by right of discovery, but being billions of miles away. It will be some time before we can get any practical benefit out of it. The next thing is to seiect a name for ii and inasmuch as so many of the heavenly bodies are hard to pronounce, we suggest that this new one be named George or Mabel, MSB While its fine to be an astronomer and get away from the dust and turmoil of the world and while it must give a fellow a great feeling of jurisdiction to deal in astronomical numbers, what a terrible jolt it must be when an astronomer's wife sends him to the grocery for 15 cents worth of clothes pins! u a t CONGRESSMAN NELSON of Wisconsin is too innocent for this world if he really think* the League of Nations wouid protect the Philippines from foreign foes, if we should grant those islands their independence. The league never has protected any weak sister from the rapacity of a powerful nation. a u u This recent riot in New York in which several factions of Communists tore into each other with tooth and nail assures us of the peace and harmony which would follow their erection of an ideal state. They wotfid not be able to keep the peace long enough to issue a declaration of independence. These communistic ehilogies of Russia reminds us that Big Bill Haywood, leadmg I. W. W. evangelist, who skipped to Russian to escape a prison sentence in the United States, spent his declining days trying to find a way to return to this country.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E; Tracy SAYS:

Doe* the Republican Party Want a National Chairman Who Uses Campaign Contributions in the Way Claudius H. Huston Has l CLAUDIUS H. HUSTON, chairman of the Republican national committee, admits that he received as president of the Tennesse River Improvement Association $36,100 from the Union Carbide Company, but says it was for maps and other data. Fred H. Haggerman, px-esident of the Union Carbide Company, says that the money was contributed to the campaign Huston's association was mailing in behalf of the Wright bill, which would have turned the Muscle Shoals properties over t b the Union Carbide Company and the American Cyanamid Company. The issue thus l-aised does not necessarily disqualify Huston as Republican chairman. One can find plenty of precedent to justify a hired lobbyist for that job, not to say a man who merely sold maps and other information. But how about the use he made of the money he received? Does the Republican party want a national chairman who uses money, whether received as a contribution, or as pay for statistical data, to liquidate his personal indebtedness to a brokerage firm, or buv stocks on margin? n tt tt Soviet Airs Views SOVIET leaders are not agreed as to how the season of world-wide prayer to stop religious persecution in Russia should be taken. Some of them describe is as a prelude to war, while others say it turned out an ignominious failure. Still others have the hardihood to express both views, which puts quite a strain on the average imagination. Izvestia regards the religious crusade as merely a political maneuver to “hasten the moment of open conflict.” Pravda, on the other hand, prefers to see it as “failure of the Vatican’s anti-Soviet adventure,” j with “only bankers, gold-braided of-ficei-s, landlords and Fascist appendages of the ruling classes in attendance,” and glorifies the “storm of anger with which the Soviet workers met the howl of the church dogs of capitalism.” As an innocent bystander, may we not suggest that Soviet leaders decide whether they are facing a menace or a fizzle, before they get too het up. tt a A Pleasing Idea Daniel c. roper, commis- 1 sioner of internal revenue under President Wilson, testifying as a dry before the house judiciary committee, proposed a national prohibition council, modeled after the wartime council of national defense, to map out an educational anc. cooperative enforcement program for a period of seven years, during which the wets would be expected to maintain a truce. One is reminded of Lincoln’s reply to a committee •of churchmen which called upon him with the request that Sunday battles be stopped. Lincoln said that he was not only in favor of the idea, but would put it Into effect if the committee could get the other side to agree. t u tt Detects and Kills A FTER three years of intensive T\. study, a young man working for the Westinghcuse company ] perfects an "electric eye,” which he claims can be used not only to detect escaping prisoners, but shoot them down, as well as perform manyother unique services. This “electric eye” consists of a photo-electric cell coupled to a gridglow tube. As long as the light shines on the cell, an electric current flows freely through the latter, but the moment anything interrupts the light, the flow of current stops. Amplified by the tube, the impulse thus created can be made to puU the trigger of a revolver or machine gun. In practical operation, you place a light at one end of a prison wall, and a photo-electric cell at the other. The light shines into the cell by means of a tiny ray which parallels the top of the wall. The esepaing prisoner interrupts this ray as he scales the wall and instantly Is shot by a gun connected with the cell. If that were the only purpose for which the “electric eye” could be used, one might dismiss it as of no greater consequence than those startling inventions with which the Collier genius—-Lucifer G. Butts —entertains us over the radio, since it is obvious that prisoners would have sense enough to put out the eye before they tried to escape. But. according to the inventor, it could be employed to record temperature of steel in blast furnaces, to switch on lights at the approach of darkness, and to grade materials according to color, which sounds far more sensible and promising.

Daily Thought

I have shewed you all things, how that so labouring ye ought to support the weak, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said. It is more blessed to give than to receive.—The Acts 20:35. n tt m The best thing to give to your enemy is forgiveness; to an opponent, tolerance; to a friend, your heart; to your child, a good example; to a father, deference; to your mother, conduct that will make her proud of you: to yourself, respect; to all men, charity.—Mrs. Balfour. What Is the large trimotor biplane, painted orange, that passes over the city often? From the description the plane must be one of the two-motored Curtiss Condor biplanes operated by Transcontinental Air Transport. In what year were first offi- ; dal coins issued by the United States I government? 1793. r *Ji.

Clean Mouth Prevents Tooth Decay

BY J)R. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hysrela. the Health Magazine. MODERN dentistry is concerned with much more than removing or repairing decaying teeth. At least since 1915, it has been studying the germs that occur in the mouth and their effects in producing pyorrhea, decaying of the teeth, diseases of the gums and similar problems. Recently Drs. B. F. Howitt and W. C. Fleming have studied the germs in the mouth of some of the prisoners at San Quentin, Cal., changing their diets from time to time to determine the effects of carbohydrates and proteins.

IT SEEMS TO ME *

yp a cycle ae were to strike New A York this afternoon and. make thousands destitute and homeless, there would be a general response on the part of the community. Shelter and food would be offered to all who had reaped the fury of the storm. And nobody would think of calling this charity. It would be- considered just plain, everyday common humanity. But thousands of New Yorkers at this moment are victims of a great catastrophe and there sterns to be a fairly*general state of indifference about the matter. It is more dramatic to have the roof swept from over your head by a high wind than to have it sag under the pressure of unemployment. Please accept my word that the need is acute. The first mail after the “Give a Job Till June” column brought 165 letters. One hundred sixty-four came from men and women in the most dire sort of need. One offered a job. “Give a job till June,” writes X. “If you can, please do. My family of four is almost starving and we are sinking fast. What can I do?” nun Man Overboard IF X and his family literally were floundering in deep water, somebody would dive in to rescue them, even at the risk of his life. But their need is just as great. Is it reasonable for any of us to stay on the bank just because this is a doom which comes a bit more tediously? “Since Christmas, in spite of all efforts to maintain a decent standard. I gradually have lost ground,” writes Y, “until I feel I am just about three meals • removed from a derelict.” “Common to all of us are the adversities of life.” he continues, “but show me a man of sensitive nature whose morals will not suffer to the bleeding point after weeks of constant rebuffs in his search for work: after steady contact with life at its lowest ebb, written in the faces of hopeless men, and after seeing one's wardrobe gradually depleted via the pawnshop until, in lieu of a sou. one is hardly able to keep body and clothes together.” A few of the illusions of the comfortable and complacent I would dissipate. The first is that unemployment is confined largely to unskilled and seasonal workers, and that, although, of course, it may be a pity, such people are always out of work around this time, and do get used to it. This column is not a very good medium to tap conditions among the ranks of the casual laborer. Undoubtedly the replies do not constitute a fair cross-section of the unemployed. Out of the first 164 letters. only eight, by the most rigorous definition, can be classed as coming from unskilled labor. n u n Graduates Jobless COLLEGE graduates constitute almost 30 per cent of the jobless represented in our list. Three are holders of M. A. degrees. Much the largest group is made up of office workers, many of them highly skilled as accountants, keepers. statisticians and so forth. About 2c per cent of the writers

Another One for the Book

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

Asa result of these studies, the investigators report that a change in diet does not appreciably alter the amount of debris left in the mouth after eating, nor the number of germs. Streptococci of various types were found frequently. ■ v When men had diets particularly high in protein substance, they had more spirochetal forms of organisms, these alßo being associated at times with pyorrhea or with infections of the gums. Apparently the germs in the mouth are more influenced by food remnants in the mouth, and by the cleanliness of the teeth, than by the reactions of the body generally. Mouths of people vary as to the

are able to trace their loss of employment directly to the Wall Street panic. They are capable, intelligent well-trained. The cyclone was not of their making. Another fallacy I would nail Is the convenient, smug impression that, people out of work easly could get jobs if they were only willing to take anything which came along. That just isn’t true. “Tbe writer,” says Z, "recently found himself, through a change in business conditions, without a business. In the last six months I have cleaned cellars and attics, washed windows, beat carpets, taken down screen/s, cleaned more cellars and attics, and done a general odd-job business when odd jobs could be had.” Mere versatility is no sure protection against unemployment, for here is Q who lists his qualifications as follows: " (a) I can drive a car; (b) use a typewriter; (c) have done a little bookkeeping, clerical and general secretarial work; , (and) once operated a restaurant and can wait on table; (e) have taught golf.” a tt Specialists Idle SPECIALIZATION 6i the highest degree may also leave a man stranded. R writes, “I am a jeweler, a platinumsmith, to be precise—one of the artisans who make the expensive ornaments set with diamonds and other precious stones one sees in exclusive shops. “There are thousands of us walking the streets —all highly skilled

. zy VjxUpmship of Hi 1 *T r W e i?“ * fj jT Dailij “\ / Lenten DevoLon \ Saturday. March 22 ON NOT TAKING ONE’S SELF TOO SERIOUSLY 'Read I. Kings 19-9-18> Memory verse: What doest thou here, Elijah?” <I. Kings 19-13.1 MEDITATION Elijah was taking himself too seriously. In an hour of discouragement he had crept into the cave on the side of Mount Horeb. He was tired and blue and fearful. His nerves had given way and his sense of proportion had vanished. He seemed to feel that the entire bur* den of sustaining the cause of Jehovah was resting on his shoulders. But God told him otherwise. The cause of the true God would go on whatever happened to the prophet. No one is equipped for the strain of serious work in this world unless he has the ability at times to laugh at himself. God lays upon no man the task of saving or of reforming the world. He only asks uach to do his part. PRAYER Out of the depths may we hear Thy voice, as a Father, calling us to arise. With cords of love and hope and faith draw us out of all our weariness and despair, and establish our steps in the paths of strength and conquest, for our life’s sake. Aiaea.

amount of acid they develop and the effects of the acid on the teeth, but these factors seem of less importance in relation to tooth decay’. Experiments of this type arc of the greatest importance in emphasizing again the necessity for mouth cleanliness in general health. Cleanliness of the mouth is brought about best by the removal of portions of food after es.ting and by the cleaning of the teeth with a toothbrush and water. Apparently it hardly pays to use antiseptics around the teeth and gums for tooth cleaning, unless the food debris on which the germs grow thoroughly is removed,

13, its aad opinions e\pr<-ssrl in this column are those of ore of America’s most interMunr writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

HEYWOOD BROUN

craftsmen. Os course, ours is a luxury line; it is only natural that the country-wide depression should hit us. Yet we must live! “ ‘My dear man, why don’t you do something else?’ I am often asked with a tinge of reproach lurking in the question—something in the manner of Marie Antoinette’s ‘Why don’t they eat cake?’ “Asa matter of grim experience, I find it well nigh impossible to obtain employment in other lines of work. Special training is everywhere required.” I want to hear immediately from men and women who will give a job till June. Come on! Who’ll give a job till June? (Copyright. 1330. by The Times)

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—A short time ago a certain educator at Indiana university gave expression to the following: “A man’s freedom consists solely in the thoughts he thinks.” Now if that is true (and it may be for all I know) there have been and are still a few million people who think differently. I for one am inclined to agree with the doctor's statement, for the reason that in my case at least my freedom consists partly in thought, and partly in action. My freedom is going about from store to store and from factory to factory seeking employment and being tcld, sometimes rather curtly, that I'm too old. Then another phase of our boasted freedom consists in being told, sometimes rather roughly, by officers of the law to “move on.” if we hapen to meet an acquaintance on the street Ten years ago when we had a common meeting place where we could gather, things were better. But now, thanks to "freedom.” we must meet a friend on the street, and then comes the officer to say, “you are overstepping the bounds of freedom. Move on.” Well, we live until we die. Then we shan’t need any more ‘'freedom.” P. H. TRAVERS. 540 East Ohio street. Editor, Times—To the public, Spanish war veterans, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and to the American Legion and all other soldiers who served this country with honor in times of war. You will note that there is a biil in the house of representatives to the increase pension of Spanish war veterans. I am an old soldier who served and was disability discharged in a foreign country, and returned to the United States. I now am 62 years old, and can not be employed by state, county or tfie government. This old soldier, Edward J. Benson is asking for your signature on a petition for the increased pension. Out of 200 signatures he obtained only one refusal to 9ign. That one was in the Governors office, Governor Leslie. The undersigned and writer requests that this be published in the papers and that all soldiers of any war will remember this- That we may be too old to be .RJployed, but not too old to vote. EDWARD 9. BENSON.

31ARCH 22, IMS

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ

Ur of the Chaldees Yields Valuable Finds to Archeologists: Ruins Believed to Antedate Flood. /ANE of the most exciting phas* of modem scientific research is the progress mad*- in archeology within recent vears. Much of the progress has come since the World war. This has been due in part to the fact that archeologists have beer, able to enter territory since the wav which lormerly was closed to them. It is interesting to note how archeologists have found the actual sites of many places mentioned in the literature of antiquity, places which many had thought were lost forever Among the most interesting researches have been those carried on at the site cf Ur of the Chaldees, : mentioned in the Bible and reputed [to have been the home of Abraham. Ur lies about 140 miles south of Babylon on a bend of the Euphrates river,‘close to the low hills which form the edge of the Arabian desert The site possessed extreme strategic value in past days, commanding communications on both the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. It was also close enough to the sea to serve as a connecting link between thr commercial traffic of the desert and the sea. Researches at Ur were begun in 1854 by Taylor, but were interrupted. It was not until after the World war that extensive researches were begun by Hall. They since have been carried on by C. Leonard Woolley, field director of a joint expedition of the Universe y of Pennsylvania museum and the British museum. ft M U The Flood Archeologists, from their . work, in Chaldea, have concluded that the flood mentioned in the Bible actually occurred in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates valley. At Ur, Woolley has made excavations which he believes antedate the flood and go back as far as 3500 B. C. The graves uncovered by W’oolley possess a wealth of gold and silver utensils beautifully decorated, bearing testimony to a well-advanced state of civilization. A great temple area uncovered at Ur is particularly interesting. It is believed that the sacred inclosure, or temenos, as it is called, was the work of Nebuchadnezzar. It appears that the outer wall contained six great gateways. Within the walls there once stood a great tower and a temple. This temple, the great temple of E-num-mah, appears to have been the work of three periods. There is an old Summerian foundation of unbaked brick upon which later additions were made. Woolley also has excavated what was the old town of Ur in biblical days, the town in all probability upon w-hich Abraham gazed. The old town was not much different from the mud-brick towns to be seen in Mesopotamia today. The most recent finds by Woolley have been a series of religious figures antedating the flood, a prehistoric factor and the copper figure of Rim-Sin. a Sumerian king who lived about 1900 B. C.

Shaft IN a report to th-' University ol Pennsylvania, Woolley describes a great shaft which is at the site of the town. By the time a depth of twenty-nine feet was reached, the shaft had disclosed the W'alls of eight distinct superimposed buildings. “Now r we are at fifty-six feet below the level, which on a conservative estimate we date at 3200 B. C., and, outstripping calculations in centuries, we have to deal with the very beginnings of man’s settlements here in the river valley,” he reports. "Below our eighth building there came a change. No more walls of buildings appeared, and the soil was little more than a mass of broken pottery. The explanation was soon forthcoming. “A brilliantly colored ring of red and green and pale yellow, proved to be a burnt-out kiln of bricks lined with fire-clay, and In the ashes which filled it there were still the clay pots oi the last firing. “More kilns came to light, covering the whole area in successive levels, also basins lined with cement bricks for the kneading of the clay. ; jotters’ tools made of baked clay and pebbles for burnishing the pots “It was a prehistoric factory, and the dense mass of sherds which buried the site was made from the ’wasters’ discarded by the potter.'

d o avt t bvtwpr

POLYGAMY ACT

ON March 22, 1822, congress passed the Edmunds act, excluding bigamists and polygamists In the territory of Utah from voting or holding office. A board of five commissioners was appointed by the President to control the territory. By revising the registration of voter* and appointing election officers the commissioners in 1883 supervised an election of a territorial delegate to congress. Although 12,000 were excluded from voting because they practiced polygamy, the Mormon delegate wa.-> elected over his Gentile opponent by a vote of 23,000 to 4,000. Following an Important trial in which the supreme court of the United States upheld the constitutionality of the Edmunds act, the president of the Church of the Lat-ter-Day Saints, commonly known as the Mormon church, issued a manifesto declaring he would urge the cessation of all piural marriages and submit to the laws of the United States. The church indorsed tfcl c stand.