Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 255, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 March 1930 — Page 4

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SCRIPPS-HOWARD

Warden Lawes’ Anniversary • All friends of a civilized system of dealing with onvicte will offer hearty felicitations to Warden wis E. Lawes upon the twenty-fifth anniversary of -is entry into the career of a prison officer. Warden Lawes began his work In this field as a uard in Auburn prison. From that day to this he has ten associated actively with practical prison adminstration. The usual result of such a career is to make a man a hard-boiled jailer, absorbed wholly in running a smooth machine and preventing riots and escapes. All concern with the human problems of his job tends td disappear He might as well be herding so many cattle. For 6ome strange reason Warden Lawes appears to have escaped ail this. He has proved a successful administrator, but this talent has not been developer! at the expense of his humanity. He has been able to look upon a prison as an Institution responsible for the lives and future careers of his fellow-men. The personalities of his convicts iocm larger ii his interests than new methods of locking cells. " Few men in our day have written or lectured more effectively against our existing prison savagery. He has gained a just reputation as one of the foremost opponents of the death penalty. His recent report completely exposed the vain pretense of the Baun.es laws to capturing and segregating our more dangerous criminals. He writes with a remarkable mixture of commonsense, enlightenment, and practicality. His Life and Death in Sing Sing” is one of the most effective indictments of our prison system. It gained in effect from the very moderation of tone with which he relentlessly exposed the futile brutality of the whole ; rocedure of punishing criminals in stone fortresses which turn them back upon society more embittered and more competent in crime. His work has carried special weight because the public accepts it as the honest opinions of a man who has his feet on the ground and knows what he is talkin'- about He avoids the inevitable conventional prejudice against the theorist who may possess far superior knowledge of the science of criminology, but c?n no t present the workmanlike credentials of the active prison official. We doubt if there has been a more useful champscf enlightened penology since the late Thomas f.T . i Osborne passed from the scene. May he continue his crusade for decency and humanity for another quarter century'.

Attacking Unemployment There is serious unemployment in the country. Every 0.. e admits that now. Whether the figure is three million or six no one can know, because of the lack of federal statistics. What can be done to meet the present emergency? Prot? olv nothing. It is too late. Except for inadequate charity, the jobless and their families must continue to suffer. With the coming of summer and sc sens 1 employment, conditions will improve. The question is not what can be done now to create immediate employment. The question is what car. be done now to prevent recurrence of this situation next winter and the next. The present emergency is due to our failure two years ago, in a similar though milder depression, to plan and prepare for today This at last is being recognized by congress. Thanks to speeches by Democratic and Progressive senators, such as Wagner, La Follette and Couzens, the senate committee promises speedy action on the Wagner bills 7or federal unemployment statistics and creating employment exchanges. Those measures are not cures, but they will give the government and industry for the first time the facts and instruments for a diagnosis cf our unemployment diseases, which are not one, but many. Meanwhile, the secretary of labor and the secretary of commerce, by the very nature of their jobs, might be expected to contribute something to solution of this basic problem. Instead, their official employment statements this winter have been disproved by later federal statistics, such as they are. Now comes Secretary of Labor Davis with anew statement. It is so utterly inadequate and misleading that we must assume Davis is speaking for himself and not for the administration. Davis’ proposal for passage of the public buildings bill to provide jobs is good, but only a drop in the bucket. For the rest he tries to capitalize unemployment to pass the worst high tariff bill in our history. '

“The delays in tariff legislation are more responsible toriav for creating unemployment than any other factor," says Davis. We have no patience with such a deliberate evasion of the facts. Davis knows there is static unemployment in this country, even in prosperous years, of more than one million, regardless of the tariff. Davis knows that ether millions are being added to the army of jobless by machine-made unemployment, which has nothing whatever to do with tariff delay. Davis knows that we just have suffered one of the vorst stock market crashes in our history, which has naken business, without any connection with tariff ’.clay. Finally. Davis knows—if he has read the speeches Herbert Hoover—that tire difference between prosrity and bread lines in this country is that 10 per .it of our production which is sold abroad, a foreign ■ tde now threatened by the high tariff bill of the 'Ubhcan old guard. Conditions are bad today. But they will be much 5e unless the senate coalition defeats the industrial . rift increases. Such increases would provoke boycotts ,-i our exports abroad and would violate the Hoover .r.-p, .cn pledge against a general tariff rise. That President Hoover will rest on the Davis state- : .t is inconceivable. Facing the coming crisis lasi >U, the President appealed to business leaders to : .abilize employment and wages. Through no fault of 1.3, end in some cases through no fault of employers. •. .stea! of the planned stabilization we got, in fact, Ide-'pread unemployment. Presumably the President is maturing plans to pre■at unemployment next winter. Congress can help p -.shine through the Wagner bills. A Blow at Censorship United States authorities will do well to carryno further their attempt to punish Mrs. Mary Ware Dennett author of a twenty-seven-page pamphlet. The Sex Side ol Life," on a tramped up charge

The Indianapolis Times ( A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Co., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY BOY W HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5551 WEDNESDAY. MARCH 5. 1930. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

of sending obscene matter through the mails. It has been a sorry procedure from the first. Mrs. Dennett originally was convicted in federal district court in Brooklyn and fined S3OO. Now the federal circuit court of appeals has freed her. No retrial was ordered, the high court holding no case had been made for submission to a jury. The government can appeal to the supreme court if it wishes, but it is to be hoped the present regime in the department of justice will have intelligence enough to drop the whole tiring. Postal inspectors, by writing a letter to Mrs. Dennett to which the nauie of a “mbther” was signed fictitiously, succeeded in having one of the pamphlets mailed to a Virginia village. Tills was the evidence on which the government proceeded. When Mrs. Dennett came to trial, evidence calculated to show that the pamphlet, rather than being obscene, sought to restrain obscenity, was excluded. The pamphlet originally was written by Mrs. Dennett years ago to convey information to her two young sons. It came to the attention of the Medical Review of Reviews and was reprinted. Subsequently, many thousands of copies were circulated by the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., welfare organizations, health departments, physicians, colleges and others. It sought simply to explain the facts of life in a manner suitable for adolescents. And it was this ior which the postal censors resorted to fraud and trickery to convict a grandmother. “The oid theory that sex matters should be left to chance has changed greatly,” said Judge Hand of circuit court. . . . “It may be reasonably thought that accurate information rather than mystery and curiosity is better in the long run and less likely to occasion lascivious thought than ignorance and anxiety. . . . “It hardly can be that, because of the risk of arousing sex impulses, there should be no instruction of the young in sex matters, and that the risk of imparting instruction outweighs the disadvantages of leaving them to grope in mystery and morbid curiosity, and of requiring them to secure such information from ill-informed and often foul-minded companions, rather than from intelligent and highminded sources.” Enlightened opinion will agree with Judge Hand, as did his associates on the bench. The country is indebted to Mrs. Dennett for writing her pamphlet. It is indebted doubly for developments which have struck a blow at stupid censorship.

Naval Expense Accounts There is growing public criticism of the American delegation at the London naval conference. Some of it is deserved—such as that over the blunder of proposing that the United States alone build a new' capital ship, and over the failure of tire American delegation program to conform to the Hoover reduction policy. Much of the criticism, however, is undeserved. Such are the statements of prominent members of the senate and house naval affairs committees that the American proposals would leave our navy permanently inferior to the British. The answer to that argument is that it is not true. But the strangest criticism of all is the attack on the American delegation for spending its expense allowance. The $200,000 originally appropriated for expenses is said to be almost gone, and another appropriation is needed. The administration is reported fearing that opponents in congress will try to make political capital out of this need for more funds. Either such fears are far-fetched, or congress has lost its sense of proportion. Half a million dollars for a limitation conference might seem like a lot of money, but it looks rather small compared with the billion dollars which the navy department is said to contemplate spending in its building program. No money is wasted in trying to get an international agreement to stop armament competition and cut naval budgets. To cripple the conference activities of the American delegation by trying to save on the expense appropriation would be a most costly form of economy. Even if we were so stingy’, we should not be so stupid as that. And that reminds us of our neighbor, Dense Dorothy, who thinks “Bossy” Gillis is a prize bovine.

REASON By FREDERICK LANDIS

IT is unique for an individual to accomplish what his country can not accomplish, as for instance Senator Borah's pinch hitting for Uncle Sam by his intervention when Russia threatened to execute those rabbis, and when Uncle Sam could not lift his voice on account of his failure to recognize the Soviet government. a a a It reminds one of that other time when another individual was able to do what his country could not do; we refer to our entrance into the World war when the government called for volunteers and only a handful responded, and then Theodore Roosevelt proposed to raise and lead an army and hundreds of thousands volunteered to go with him. a a a THESE American churches are mistaken when they think it would be a good thing for everybody in the United States to pray to the Lord to stop Russia's church closing program. In the first place such prayers usually are laid on the table and in the second place our objection only would spur Russia to greater excesses. a a a If on the other hand we should hold mass meetings from Maine to California and indorse the Russian plan and urge the Bolsheviks to go the limit against religion, the chances arc that rather than agree with us they would baci: up and restore freedom of worship. a a a It's tragic word which floats over from Africa to the effect that the prince of Wales missed his opportunity to shoot an elephant. It must be particularly distressing to London's impoverished classes, wondering where they can find a loaf of bread. BBS NOW that Mr. Hughes has been able to resume his seat on the supreme bench after leaving it to engage in the disastrous campaign of 1916, we surmise that the politicians would have to belabor him with much polished ciriion to get him to enter the presidential arena again. a a a A San Francisco judge gave a fellow thirty days because he refused to salute the flag which is a lot better than he war-time custom of having the offender play postofflee with Old Glory. That was like forcing a man to kiss your wife alter he had insulted her.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

There Are Very Few of Us Who Have Not Contributed to the Modern Big Business Institution.

SECRETARY OF LABOR DAVIS wants congress to appropriate $50,000,000 with which to carry on the administration’s public buildings program. That, he thinks, would be much better than the $50,000,000 relief fund proposed by Senator Brookhart of Iowa. It would. What the unemployment want, is a chance to work, not charity. Unemployment has grown to serious proportions. Though accurate figures are not. available, it generally is agreed that somewhere between 3,000,000 and 6,000,000 are out of work in this country. Foreseeing such situation last, fall, President Hoover not only held several conferences with business and industrial leaders, but called upon states, cities and towns to do what they could to prevent idleness and depression. The response indicated a general willingness to co-operate, and most people supposed that the, country soon would be out of the doldrums. # # # Spring Offers Hope IN this connection, people may have expected too much. As a general proposition, expansion programs come in the spring Even in business, we have, a tendency to hibernate, to sit close to the stove during the winter, and wait until nature gives us the signal that she is waking up once more. No doubt, April and May will see conditions improved, but that represents a rather bleak hope for some folks. Meanwhile, the nature of the appeals, criticisms and proposals being offered goes far toward explaining why we have so much merging in business and so much centralisation in politics. By and large, we are looking to the big boys, or Uncle Sam, for relief, to the billion-dollar corporation, or to the federal government. Small and independent enterprises are disregarded as too weak, and what the old home town might, could or should do is passed by as of no great consequence.

a tt Teach It to Children MOST of us think of centralisation as brought about by politicians and of monopoly as the natural by-product of modern business. Most of us would be quick to deny that we had contributed to either by word, thought or act. Academically, most of us condemn the tendency and, practically, most of us are alarmed by it. But, when you get down to brass tacks, there are very few ox us who have not contributed to it in one way or another. How many parents are advising their children to adopt independent careers, to go out and make places for themselves, to develop enterprises which they can own and control? Some, perhaps, but not too many. Generally speaking, the boys and the girls of this country are brought up with the idea of getting a job, and connecting with a pay roll. What is more to the point, they are brought up to regard a job with the biggest concern as best, a tt tt Independence Is Gone FIFTY or seventy-five years ago, the average young man’s ambition was to make something of himself, and he got it from his parents, teachers, and neighbors. Today, his ambition is to make something off the other fellow, and he gets it from exactly the same source. That, more than anything else is responsible for centralization both in business and government. We call the thing co-operation, and we exalt it, on the theory that it provides safety through size and numbers. That was not the way our grandfathers went at it. They prized independence more than anything else; not independence in a narrow political sense, but independence to gamble with life, to play the game like men, with each betting on his own character and ability. They hesitated to surrender personal liberty in any form, to be tempted by the added security which combination in trade or centralized government seemed to provide.

Fellowship of * Prayer * Daily Lenten Devotion

Wednesday, March 5 THE QUIET PLACE (Read Matthew 4:1-11.) Memory Verse: “Then was Jesus led up of the spirit into the wilderness.” (Matthew 4:1.) MEDITATION We begin today cur annual observance of the &"x weeks which Jesus spent in the wilderness. It has been called the period of temptation. But it was more than that; it was a period of preparation—a time of concentrated thought and calm meditation. Never were quiet hours more needed than they are today. Cur minds have been likened to a railwav waiting-room where people bound hither and thither are assembled. It is liarri for our distracted minds to attain unity of purpose and to select a destination. We need daily quiet times that we may reduce life to order and reflect on whither we are going. 'PRAYER Eternal God, who dost reveal Thyself to tho.-e who earnestly seek Thee, let our hearts be still that we may hear Thee speak and may discern Thy wise and holy counsel for our lives this day. Amen,

Even David Had His Troubles!

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Ideas About Spleen Nearly Correct

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. SEVERAL hundreds of years ago the term “spleen” was used to indicate anger or malice. The poet Pope spoke of “spleen and sour disdain.” Shakespeare used the term to refer to any type of emotion. “A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways,” he wrote. Until recently no one had any real conception of the functions of the organ called the spleen. In 1925 two American investigators, Hargis and Mann, made studies of the effects of a number of emotions on the spleen. When an animal is subjected to certain emotions to which it responds with muscular effort, the spleen contracts. Whenever exercise is taken the spleen contracts. The special nature of the emotion does not seem to make much difference. Apparently when the animal is aroused, adrenalin is secreted by its adrenal gland and the nerves con-

IT SEEMS TO ME By HEYWOOD BROUN

THE text for my sermon is to be found in the twenty-sixth verse of the first chapter of Genesis: “And God said, let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion ” And if I were a clergyman I would preach a great many sermons on this text and similar ones, because the churches are too much inclined to cast man down rather than raise him up. It was the serpent which crawled upon his belly. Adam came into this world standing on his own two feet, and that’s where he belongs. He need not sit in shamefaced silence and let anybody tell him that he is puny and a miserable sinner. Man is a first-class job. Indeed, the first chapter of Genesis ends with the statement, “And God saw everything that He had made, and, behold, it was very good.”

Very Good Adam IT is not my notion that man represents the ultimate and crowning achievement of creation. Give him a few more million years and he can add cubits to his stature and raise the roof of his head to make room for bigger and better cranial convolutions. But he will do until the super-man arrives. Often parsons exhort us to look at the sun and other bodies and realize our own insignificance. The sun is pretty bright and pretty big, but man can put his hand out and catch all its essential properties in a lamp of violet rays. It does not seem to me that man need take back talk from any of the planets. Mere size should not make him craven. He has outstayed the mammoth and is well on his way to conquer those of even vaster forces of sea and sky. Now and then the earth does rise up to smite him. The greatest disaster of our time was the Japanese earthquake, and it moved thousands of editorial writers and other Dre&chers to musing on the mightiness oi nature and the puniness of man. But it seems to me that this was by no means the only possible interpretation of the event. Far from scoring against man and his mightiness, the episode furnished still one more proof ox human tenacity. a a -a Millions Live THOUSANDS die in Toklo, but millions lived. Across the plain where the city lies, the earthquakes roll like sluggish waves. Each year hundreds or more tug at the roots of Tokio. When bamboo quivers there, it is not the wind. So it has gone on for centuries. This is perhaps the mightiest yet of all recorded assaults, and man remains. In a thousand years, nature has not been able to shake him off. Though the ground has rocked and

trolling the spleen are stimulated to cause it to contract. Dr. Joseph Barcroft of the Physiological Laboratory of Cambridge university in England recently has supplemented his observations. That the emotions definitely affect the size of the spleen was revealed in the following simple experiment. A dog named Dimple had developed the habit of chasing any cat in the neighborhood. If the dog lay on a table and a duster was hejd in front of its nose the spleen remained unaltered. If the first duster was removed and another which had been in a basket with a cat was held in front of the dog’s nose, the spleen of Dimple would contract appreciably. This was observable even though none of the muscles of the dog moved. Then if a cat in the next room “mewed” the dog’s ears would be pricked up, its head and eyes would move and the spleen would contract still further. If the cat were placed directly in front cf the dog, the dog’s legs and

swayed beneath him like a broncho, the little Japanese sits tight. And across the world of water from his fellow-man, there should come a mighty and defiant shout, “Ride him cowboy!” The boxing writers have named Johnny Risko the rubber man because he springs up again when borne down by blows. But this is not a unique distinction. There’s a lot of gutta-percha even in the worst of us. It seems to me that resiliency is an almost universal trait in human kind. Within a year the teahouses stood in the streets where the dead did lie. Geishas sang once more of “Yokohama, Nagasaki, Kobe, Maru, hoi!” And when any Babylon falls don’t be surprised to see it bounce. tt tt u Not Puny WHO says that man is puny? He falls asleep and dies a while, and then is up again. The stream of life force has not been dammed in our time and will not be until the earth crumbles. Even then, I rather expect that it will change to the car ahead and still continue. After the wave and the hurricane and the earthquake,

*4ib'TiHe'“ SESsadh WILSON'S PARIS TRIP ON March 5, 1919, Woodrow Wilson left New York for a second trip to Paris to help formulate,the peace treaty and the League of Nations. Cn his first trip to Paris on Dec. 4, 1&18, President Wilson succeeded In persuading the peace conference to accept the principle of the League of Nations as a basis of peace and in drafting a preliminary draft of the cotenant. When he returned to the United States, however, he was confronted with Republican opposition to the league in the senate. In order to meet Republican suggestions, the President sailed again for France. This time he was able to secure the insertion in the covenant of certain amendments required by American sentiment, and on June 28, 1919, the treaty was signed. On his return to the United States Wilson started a tour from coast to coast, making speeches for the league and declaring that if America rejected *it she would "break the great heart of the world." The President campaigned so strenuously that he broke down on Sent. 26 and was compelled to return to Washington.

body would move and the spleen would contract still further. If the dog chased the cat even for a quarter minute there would be still more contraction. One of the oldest stories in medicine has to do with the great anatomist Hyrtl, who asked one of his students about the function of the spleen. “I knew,” said the student, “but I forgot.” “Unfortunate man,” said Hyrtl, “you were the only one who knew, and now you have forgotten.” After the passage of almost 100 years the physiologists have beg n to find the answer. The spleen seems to be largely concerned in controlling the volume of blood circulating in the body. Upon the volume depends the blood pressure and the general tone of the body. Now we can begin to understand how a person can get pale when he gets angry, how he can get so mad he will faint away. And what made the writers of hundreds oi years ago associate the spleen with emotions.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

life crawls out from under the debris and starts on another lap. One of the most fascinating things in “The Green Pastures” is the scene in which the ark comes finally to rest upon its mountain top. Up comes the sun and up rise men and elephants. Noah opens the back door and you hear the beasts rush out in search of life and lamp posts. I am not one who can accept the fact that this particular flood was actually true, but it is authentic in a more important sense. It is spiritually true. Man does come through catastrophes and fill the ranks again. (Copyright. 1030. by The Times)

Daily Thought

All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient; all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not.—I Corinthians 10:23. # # # Expediency is a law of nature. The camel is a wonderful animal, but the desert made the camel.— Beaconsfield. Did President Harding make a trip around the world during his administration? No; he went to Alaska.

Many years of Safe, Successful Banking. Recommends this Institution. Washington Bank & Trust Co. 225 W. Washington St.

MAR. 5, 1930

SCIENCE —BY DAVID DIETZ—

Tiie Tissues Composing the Human Body and the Tissues Composing a Head of Cabbage. Are the Same. THE physical and chemical na- < ture of living things still remain one of the greatest mysteries faced by science. Despite the tremendous advances of the last half century, the known facts are only a fraction of what remains to be discovered. The development of biochemistry within the last few decades—the application of chemical methods to the study of living things—has thrown much light upon the problem. Biologists are hopeful that, the still newer science of biophysics the use of the methods of physics to measure the forces, electrical and otherwise, involved in life processes —may throw yet more light upon the subject. The present situation is well summed up by a sentence of Bertrand Russell’s. Russell used it to describe: the present state of our knowledge of physical phenomena. But it applies equally well to our knowledge of the nature of living things. “The final conclusion,” said Russell, “is that we know very little, and yet it is astonishing that we known so much, and still more astonishing that so little knowledge can give us so much power." The first conclusion cf modern biology—and a very startling one—is that all living things are composed of the same substance. a a a Water

Protoplasm is the name winch biologists give to the substance of which all living tlungs are composed. Huxley, the great English biologist, called it “the physical basis of life,” because the phenomena of life are found associated only with protoplasm. It is a startling thinr to bo told that the tissues composing a liurpan body and those composing a head of cabbage are the same. Os course there are wide differences between animal and plant tissues and even between different kinds of animal tissues or between different kinds of plant tissues. The point which the biologist makes, however, is that these are all differences of degree. They are not fundamental differences, but merely variations of a fundamental substance. The next starling fact which biology has revealed is that protoplasm is chiefly water. The amount, of water differs in different samples of protoplasm and even in the same sample under varying conditions, but it ranges from 67 per cent to as high as 95 per cent. The other ingredients are carbohydrates—sugars and starches—fats, proteins and slight traces of mineral salts. The wide variety found in plant and animal tissues depends upon the variety and kinds of corbohydrates, fats and proteins present and the proportion of each present. Thus white of egg or lean meat, for example, are almost entirely proteins. a tt tt

Chemistry THE chemical nature of carbohydrates—the sugars and starches —is well understood. Three chemical elements, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, compose them. The chemist can tell you just how many atoms of each element are to be found in the molecule of any particular sugar or starch. Fats have more complex structures. A fat is a combination of a fatty acid with glycerol. Both fatty acids and glycerol are formed by the reorganization and recombination of carbohydrates. Their natures are no mystery to the chemist. Proteins are the mast complex of all the substances present in proto4 plasm. Their nature is not yet completely understood. One might jump to the conclusion that the chemical nature of protoplasm would be solved once chemists completely understood proteins. Nothing could be farther from the truth. For the cells, the tiny units or building blocks into which protoplasm is organized to form living tissues, are not static mixtures of the substances named. Each cell is a chemical laboratory in which chemical processes constantly arc going on. The amount of various substances present is constantly undergoing change. Substances are decomposed or broken up within the cell. Other substances are manufactured. Our present understanding of the chemical ingredients of protoplasm is only the beginning of the problem.