Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 247, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1930 — Page 6

PAGE 6

SCRIPPS—HOWARD

A Permanent Remedy It any added argument were needed for a revision of the state Constitution so that the judiciary can be taken out of partisan politico, it is presented by * e situation in regard to the candidacy of Supreme Judge Willoughby. Former Attorney-General Gilliom calls upon his partv to renominate Judge Willoughby because, as judge, he refused to yield to the demands of the Anti-Saloon League and the Ku-Klux Klan. That appeal finds a response in the minds of all who still hope that the courts can be freed from any influence except that of a deep passion for justice and a deeper devotion to the Constitution and the law. No one will deny that both these organizations, with the most intolerant spirit, have sought to impress their ideas of government upon the high court and that Judge Willoughby was one of the very few officials of the state who consistently refused to accept orders or be terrified by the political menace they held. No one can look without feelings of deep concern at the possibility of a court being controlled either by a combination of these two influences or by any small groups that would seduce the Blind Goddess for their own satisfactions and lusts for power. More tragic is the thought that there should be any necessity ot making a ch6ice between a judge who is backed by these organizations and one whose judicial interpretations permitted him to assent to the doctrine that truth is no defense against charges of contempt of court or that the people have no right to erect their own government for cities as was provided in the city manager law. There should be a different solution for the establishment of courts than a choice between lesser e%Us. Confidence in courts is the final safeguard of all liberties and all orderly government. When that is lost and courts themselves give reasonable grounds tor widespread belief that they can be controlled b> political or group whispers and expediencies, there is a very real danger to the institution of popular go\ - ernmeni. The people will have confidence in courts when they more generally believe that the judges are not controlled by the fanatical drys. the dripping wets, the Klan or any other intolerant group, but yield only to the appeals of justice and of law. “ Perhaps a constitutional convention could find a way of selecting judges that will take them out ox the reach of small minorities, out of the threat of partisan punishment, and place them upon the bench free from any thought of either obligation and gratitude or enmity and reprisal. Guarding the Elections Creation of a senate committee to watch campaign expenditures in the coming elections, as proposed by Senator Norris, would be useful. The committee might find it had nothing at all to do. On the other hand, the fact that it existed, and was ready to go into any state where there vas evidence of corruption, would have a restraining influence on candidates’ use of money. Lavish expenditures in Illinois and Pennsylvania in 1926, resulting in refusal of the senate to seat Frank L. Smith and William S. Vare, are fresh in memory. Senator Norris said his resolution is not directed at any particular state. It is interesting to note, however, that another spirited three-cornered senatorial contest is in prospect in Pennsylvania, with Vare again in the lists, and also Senator Grundy, who is the country's champion campaign fund collector. Similarly, there is bitter fight in Smith's state, Illinoi . v here Representative Ruth Hanna McCormick is attempting to capture Senator Deneen's seat. A campaign for the senate is expensive, particularly in a state like Pennsylvania. Undoubtedly, large sums will be spent, and may be spent legitimately. A senate committee could not well prevent this, or object to it. But it could make sure there was no corruption like that revealed in the 1926 primaries. Federal Old Age Pensions. L\ery one likes to think he is generous. So do nations. We Americans boast that we are the most humanitarian people in the world. Perhaps we are. At any rate, we can point to our post-war relief to the starving of Europe, our quick response to foreign famine funds, our private philanthropies and benefactions, which are much larger than those of other nations. Why not? As the richest nation we should be the most generous. Assuming that we are generous, it must be confessed that much of our giving still is of the old personal charity type and too littlfc of the organized social relief type. Americans doubtless will be snocked to discover from the present congressional hearings on old-age pension bills that the United States, despite its boasted humamtariamsm. is the only industrial nation which has done nothing to make old age more secure. Nations which some of us consider backward have :one quietly about the business of caring for the aged, vhile we have been busy in the more spectacular ursu 1 of great fortunes for the few. As \braham Epstein, executive secretary of the Vmerican Association for Old Age Security, and other •pert witnesses at the congressional hearings are omting out. the situation in this country is more enous than in a j other and the problem is oecomng more intense here every year. Here are some of he reasons: By prolonging the "life expectancy" age from 40 to 58 years, we have increased the number of aged n this country in the last half century from one to ix million people. During the same period we have industrialized the tat ion, thus decreasing relatively the number of perons supporting themselves trom agriculture or their ■wn businesses. Speeding up of the machine age lias shortened the 'etiod of employment at the very time when life has jeen lengthened. Technological or machine-made unemployment, so characteristic of the modem system even during “prosperity” periods, falls first and heaviest upon the old and middle aged. The prevalent jnotion that pension systems of pri\ate corporations solve the problem is erroneous. They intensify tne problem in some ways. For their

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own protection, such corporations establish employment deadlines against the middle aged, and take on only employes who can qualify for twenty or thirty years of continuous service. Clearly this Is a governmental problem, and so is recognized by the thirty-eight countries which are providing some form of relief. Our individual states have been less negligent than our federal government. Ten have enacted pension laws and New York is expected to do so soon, though only four as yet actually are paying relief. One of the bills now before congress would provide straight federal pensions for all citizens more than 63 years of age. Another would provide federal aid for states pensioning needy citizens of more than 60. The latter would be in less danger of hitting a constitutional snag. But whatever congress decides is the most efficient method, something should be done at this session. During the first three days of committee hearings in Washington, the federal-aid pension plan was indorsed by twenty organizations, with a membership of 7,000.000 citizens. The public demand Is as clear as the need. Some Professors Wake Up College professors normally are a cloistered class. They take little part in the hurly-burly of everyday life. With most of them it is regarded as evidence of bad taste to take a vigorous interest in public affairs and to work ardently for social progress. Others are timid and afraid of the possible results which such action might have on their tenure. More than any other great university in our land, the tradition of Cornell has been contrary to the seclusion of the professor from active life. Its first president, Andrew Dickson White, was famous in American statesmanship and diplomacy. One of its most distinguished early professors, Goldwin Smith, was active in Canadian and British politics. Many have followed in their footsteps. Now some sixty-five Cornell professors come forth with a plan of prison reform which they urge upon Governor Roosevelt. The fact that the seat of Cornell university at Ithaca, N. Y„ is close to the illfated Auburn prison and also near the famous George Junior Republic, a school for juvenile delinquents which is run on civilized lines, may have proved a special impetus to these alert Cornell pedagogs. At any rate, while there are no professional penologists of note on the Cornell faculty, their program may well be regarded as veritably a manifesto of civilized and enlightened prison discipline. It runs as follows: "LA thorough overhauling of the penal law with a view to the general extension of the principle ot parole and the adaptation of sentencing and treatment to the requirements of the individual case. “2. Establishment of a full-time parole and pardon board of three members, with remuneration and tenure comparable to the remuneration and tenure of supreme court justices, so as to secure men of high caliber and extensive training and experience. This would involve transfer of the function of parole from the department of corrections to the executive department, thus vesting In a single board the responsibility for parole and the exercise of the advisory power of pardons. ‘‘3. Provision of an adequate staff of parole officers and specialists in mental diseases, social work and vocational guidance. "4. Provision tor improvement in personnel ot subordinate prison officials and more adequate remuneration for prison wardens, guards and other officers. v “5. Development of facilities for vocational training and provision of work with pay. "6. Provision of physical facilities adequate to prevent overcrowding and to afford decent hygienic and sanitary conditions. "7. Classification of penal institutions so as to permit special types of treatment for special classes of criminals, such as the insane, the feeble-minded, first offenders and the more desperate cases.” It would be very difficult to draft a better summary of scientific penology in fewer words. The Governor will do well to give more weight to their wellconsidered recommendations than to the whisperings of politicians or the hard-boiied bravado of officers of the state police. The professors have no ax to grind.

REASON

THE United States demands naval parity with England; England demands the earth, as usual; France demands more ships or a guarantee of her safety; Italy demands as many ships as France, and Japan demands more ships than ever before. All of which makes the author of the Kellogg treaty, outlawing war, loom forth as the outstanding humorist of 1929. # # # Young Theodore Roosevelt talked over the heads of those Porto Ricans in his first message as their governor; he told them they needed high courage, but the last time we saw them they needed a bath more than anything else. # # # This fight against the confirmation of Hughes makes one think of the fun he's been cheated out of in days gone by when presidential appointments were considered in secret session. # # # CHARLES FINLEY, just elected to congress from Kentucky, spent several years in Indiana while a fugitive, charged with complicity in the slaying of William Goebel, who grabbed the governorship of Kentucky. Those were days when Kentucky verged on civil war and to be a member of the opposing party was sufficient to justify an indictment for any offense. # # # The hero of that upheaval of partisan passion was the Kentucky court of appeals, for time and again it stood between bloodthirsty partisans and their prey. The court was Democratic, but it arose beautifully above party demands and saved the life of Caleb Powers, who was framed for the gallows. # # # WHILE the nations are backing and stalling at this naval powwow at London. Mexico is trying to accomplish real disarmament by collecting ail the pistols carried by her people. Even if it should work in Mexico, it wouldn't work in this country, for while decent people would turn in their guns, the crooks would hold on to theirs. # # # Eugene Lyman Fisk, medical director of the Life Extension institute, announces that our death rate among men over 37 is increasing rapidly. This is the penalty our civilization pays for stepping on the gas: we hurry too much, eat too much, booze too much and exercise too little,

By FREDERICK LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Time Has Come for President Hoover to Step Forward and Take Command. NO definite commitment from the White House with regard to the tariff or prohibition. Senator Borah can get in touch with Moscow, but the state department can’t or won t. Two great oil companies plan to merge, apparenly on the assumption that the administration has grown friendly to such things, though the decree of the supreme court forbidding them still stands. The Kansas City Star assumes that President Hoover favors the tariff bill as made over by the coalition, while Old Guard Republicans assume that he does not. a a a Time for Action SUCH incidents suggest that the time has come for the President to take command. That is what people expected he would do, and that is what they want. Theoretically, it may not be his business to whip a tariff bill into shape, or map out a prohibition program. Theore'ically, he may be justified in refusing to take notice of protests with regard to the Russian situation because they were made public before they reached him. Theoretically, it may be the supreme court's exclusive privilege to say whether the merging craze shall continue, but a a a Should Be Boss NO matter how thoroughly our fathers were sold on the idea of complete separation of the executive and legislative departments, and no matter how strongly it appeals to us as an academic proposition, custom, especially in recent years, has dimmed its brightness. Leaders like Roosevelt and Wilson created anew concept of the presidential job, and not so new either, since Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson set them the example. Rightly or wrongly, we look for a President to do more than give formal advice occasionally, or perform the routine duties of appointing federal officers. Rightly or wrongly, we expect him not only to smile and shake hands when we condescend to visit Washington, but iron out the wrinkles for us. whether they arise from a political deadlock in congress, the antics of a government overseas, or a strike in the coal fields. In other words, we expect a President to play at being boss, especially of his own party. That is one reason why he has been given such stupendous power. a a a Has Engineer's Mind IT goes without saying that a man of Hoover's temperament not only prefers to mind his own business, but to refrain from such political activities as are necessary to keep an organization in line. His training as an engineer, his penchant for efficiency, and his general outlook on life dissuade him from meddling in matters which belong to other departments, or no department at all. * His mind has a tendency to function in accordance with blue-prints and specifications. He gravitates toward schedules, time clocks and graphs: is a technician rather than an opportunist, and prone to fall back on rules or formula whenever an emergency arises. a a a fs Nation’s Guide BEING President of the United State is not an engineering proposition, except in its routine work, which, though exacting, hardly constitutes the most important part. To a measurable extent, the chief executive of this republic is its guide, philosopher and friend. Not only congress, but leaders of business, and even men on the I street, have come to set great store by what the President says, or does. Perhaps no man in the world exercises such definite influence 1 over an equal number of people, or can shape domestic and foreign ! policies with greater assurance. ; That phase of the office has clothed it with responsibilities more distinctly than privileges. nan People Back Hoover THE American people have come to regard the President as their leader, not only in a political, but in a moral sense. They expect him to take charge whenever things go wrong, and are much more willing to excuse blunders of a positive character than of inaction. Applying this rule to the present situation, they are ready to back President Hoover in most any definite moveThey would go along with him on most any program, provided it is 1 specific, and they would use their j influence to have congress go along What discourages them, what ! creates doubt in their minds, what | makes them cautious and timid ! with regard to so many things right I now is the fact that they don't : know where he stands, or whether | he is going to take a stand.

Daily Thought

And Asa did that which was good and right in the eyes of the Lord his God.—II Chronicles 14:2. # # # Great hearts alone understand how much glory there is in being good.—Michelet. What is the junior amateur running record for the running high jump? Six feet 4 l/2 inches, made by Ben V. Hedges Jr. in 1928. Which Is the most important island in the Dutch East Indies? Java.

DISARMANENT PLANS TALBURT

Cancer ‘Cures' Still to Be Proved

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. CANCER today is among the leading causes of death because more people are living longer than formerly and cancer is essentially a condition of advanced years. For this reason any announcement of anew method of treating cancer made in the press is likely to attract wide attention. Within the last few months several new f methods of treating cancer have had newspaper exploitation. In most of the cases the method has involved injection into the body of an extract of some glandular substance. The physicians have observed that the injection of the glandular substance has been followed by a softening and regression of the tumor in some cases and have made this fact known. This, however, is far from proving that a cure for cancer has been discovered.

IT SEEMS TO ME

A PROMINENT New York alumnus of Harvard when asked about the university’s heartlessness in suddenly discharging a number of veteran and underpaid scrubwomen, replied: "The whole trouble is the college has a bad press agent.” To me it seems as if the difficulty went deeper, but I guess that the various official "explanations” have for the most part been passes which were grounded. Any friends of Harvard might well implore Dr. Lowell and his cabinet to explafn no more. Each spokesman has had all the grace of a man caught fast in quicksand. You may remember that the issue about the scrubwomen arose when the Massachusetts minimum wage commission ordered Harvard to cease violating the law by paying 35 cents an hour to female employes whose wage by statute should be not less than 37. Harvard's violation appeared to be a matter of some nine years. a a a His Defense IN the first explanation, Arthur L. Endicott, the college controller, contended that Harvard was not actually violating the law*, because it paid the women during vacation and sick leave, which brought them up to a 37-cent rate if the time off was considered. Tills seemed a somewhat legalistic defense, and, unfortunately, there is also some reason to doubt its truthfulness. Gardner Jackson, a reliable and accurate reporter, has investigated for the Nation, and last week he wrote that he had interviewed twelve women since the Harvard “explanation," and that they all denied ever having received any pay from Harvard while absent on account of illness. Anew explanation just has been prepared. I am in receipt of one sent out by F. W. Hunnewell, secretary to President Lowell. It marks, I think, the lowest point in the fivefoot shelf of Harvard’s explanations. This is the big point in the university controller’s report: a a a Harvard Explains “ A T all times since 1921, when lx. the minimum wage commission established a minimum wage of 37 cents per hour for offices and other building cleaners, Harvard has been paying these women at least that amount. Their working day began at 6 a. m., and ended for some at 9 a. m., for some at 10 and for some at 11. All, however, were given an average of more than twenty minutes for rest and food between 8:30 and 9, including those whose working day ended at 9 o’clock. "Payment was made at the rate of 35 cents an hour for the full period, including the time taken out for rest. In the ease of -those _ with, the

Ticklish Business

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

In the last ten years numerous substances have been injected with a view to controlling cancer and the use of all sorts of substances has been followed by such softening and regression as has been described. These changes which take place in the cancer tissue are of interest to those who investigate the character of the cell. That does not mean that a cure for the cancer has been discovered. It has been established for years that the application of various caustic pastes, the application of radium, exposure ot the X-ray, exposure to light, the injection of lead and copper and various metals, injection of blood, of lymph, of bacteria and of various protein substances may be followed by softening and changes in cancer tissue. Unfortunately, this period of response is not followed by a continuous elimination of the growth. After a brief Interval, in most instances, the cancer cells again be-

HEYWOOD BROUN

longest day (6 to 11), and taking only a twenty-minute rest period, this is equivalent to 37.5 cents an hour of work, and of course, is at a higher rate for those with the shorter working day.” Harvard’s honor is to be saved by decimal point five. And even those who came at the eleventh hour even' one received her half penny. But the young financial wizard of the university’s counting house missed a couple of tricks. It seems not improbable that some of the scrubwomen, upon occasion, stopped for a short rest. The treasurer ought to explain that no official checker stood by to blow a whistle for time out. The wage scale of a generous university went on without interruption. a a a Another Fraction A ND, by computing this rest time, I haven’t a doubt that the treasurer could show that the pay was really 37.692 cents. And then there were the moments when one worker turned from her mopping to ask a friend, “And how is Dennis?” Noses were blown in winter and perspiration wiped from the forehead in the late spring and summer. All the time the clock kept ticking away and at the end of every horn' the big bells of Memorial crashed out ding-dong, bang-bong, to indicate that Harvard’s lavish hand was sending forth another 37 cents to each and every woman who

TODAY IS THE ANNIVERSARY of

GUTENBERG’S DEATH Feb. 24. ON Feb. 24, 1468, Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing and movable types, died at Mainz, Germany. Born of a wealthy family, Gutenberg acquired somewhat of a reputation in Strassburg for his technical skill. Desiring to carry out his ideas of printing, and lacking the necessary capital, Gutenberg associated himself with Johannes Fust, a wealthy citizen of Mainz. They set up a press and soon printed on it the famous “forty-two line’’ Bible. In 1455 Fust dissolved the partnership and took over the business when Gutenberg was unable to repay the money advanced him. Gutenberg never enjoyed a commercial success and, in 1465, he accepted from Archbishop Adolf of Nassau a benefice, to which various privileges as well as an income were attached. It is said that the Invention of printing did more to promote mankind's cultv* and progress than any other t ion in the history of the world,

gin to grow and invade the normal tissue which surround them and the body proceeds to death. Hence, experts in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer advise great caution in the interpretation of observations of the results and have set up a limit period of five years for the determination as to whether or not any new method of treatment is successful. If after five years from the time the treatment is administered, the majority of the patients still live, without pain, without the presence of the growth and without the other symptoms that are associated with cancer, the method of treatment can be called a cure. There are today thousands of cases in which cancers have been removed by surgery, together with all the surrounding affected tissue and in which the persons still live after five years. So far as is known, none of the cancer pastes, the cancer serums, or cancer injections of any kind can duplicate this record.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

worked among the books. My God, how the money rolls in! And let us not forget the case of Mrs. Katherine Donahue, wiio scrubbed for Harvard thirty-three years and got her notice on the Saturday before Christmas. I can not prove it. but I strongly suspect that now r and again in the last nine years she straightened up to catch her breath. nan Allowed to Pause AT such times, did any Harvard overseer tap her on the shoulder to say, “That pause W’ill cost you .028 cent, Mrs. Donahue?” None did. She still received her 35 cents for every hour. A really expert calculation probably would show that Harvard actually was paying close to 37.75 cents an hour, or almost % of a cent above the legal minimum. It is not recorded that any woman ever said, "Pay me the legal wage and.you may have the rest period to do with as you will.” That would be contrary to Harvard hospitality, which insists that a scrubwoman should take time to eat, even if she isn’t hungry. She could get water from the tap and paper cups, were free. There were twenty of these women and at the end of the year all that runs into money.

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FEB. 24, 1930

SCIENCE BY DAVID DIETZ

Ancients Wove Variety of Stories About Constellation of Blight Stars Known as the Big Dipper. 17 VERY one recognizes the constellation of bright stars known as the Big Dipper. But perhaps only a few realize that this constellation has a history as old as mankind. The dipper, because of its bright stars and clear configuration, was one of the first star groups to attract attention. But it has not occurred always to men to call it a dipper. In Europe it is frequently referred to as the plow or wagon. A common name for it in England is "Charles Wain.” This is thought to have originally been "Churl’s Wain,” meaning a peasant's cart. In time, this became changed to "Charles’ Wain.” The Romans imagined that the seven stars in the Great Dipper represented seven plowing oxen, and so they called the constellation the “Septentriones.” But like the English of today the early Greeks saw the figure of a wagon in the constellation, and so they called it "Hamaxa,” which means “the wagon.” The Arabians thought of the four stars which make the bowl of the dipper as forming a bier, and so they called the constellation "Na’sh,” which means a bier. Mention of the constellation is made twice in the Bible in the Book of Job. The Hebrew name for the constellation is "Ayish,” evidently related to the Arabic name. tt n st Friends THE Arabs gave a name to each of the seven stars which form the dipper. Every one should know these names. Once you know the names of the twinkling stars of the dipper, you will feel each time you glance up at the constellation as though you were greeting seven old friends. The star at the tip of the handle of the dipper is named Alcaid (pronounced al-kaid). Alcaid means ‘‘the chief.” Go out doors tonight and look at it. You will notice that it is bluish white in color. This means that it is a very large and a very hot star. It is much larger and much brighter than our own sun. Alcaid Is the second brightest star In the dipper. But in 1847, the great English astronomer. Herschel, called it the brightest star in the constellation. The fact that the Arabs called it ‘‘the chief" also leads one to believe that it must have been the brightest, although they might have named it so because of its position in the constellation. The next star in the handle of the dipper is Mizar (pronounced meezar). Mizar is bluish white in color also, but ranks fourth In brilliance among the stars of the constellation. Mizar means “the girdle.” There is a surprise awaiting you in Mizar. Stare at him very intently. If you look real sharp, you will see a tiny little star just above Mizar, so close to him that it is almost hidden in the light from Mizar. The Arabs called this little star Alcor, which means "the near one." a a a Brightest THE next star in the handle of the dipper is the brightest of the whole constellation. It is named Alioth 'pronounced al-i-oth), which means the "tail sheep.” The star where the handle joins the bowl of the dipper Is named Megrez (pronounced mee-grez). Me* grez 1 — > yellow tinge and is tho faintest star in the dipper. The star at the bottom of the dipper below Megrez also has a slightly yellow tinge. Its name is Phecda (pronounced fek-da>. The remaining two stars frequently are called “the pointers,” since a line drawn through them leads to the north star, or pole star. The lower of the two is named Merak, while the upper one is Dubhe (pronounced mee-rak and du-bee). Merak Is a beautiful white star with a slightly greenish tinge, while Dubhe is yellow in color. The four stars comprising the bowl of the dipper get their names from the fact that the dipper was considered by the ancients as forming part of a larger constellation, known as the "Great Bear.” Megrez means "the root of the bear’s tail," Phecda means "the thigh of the bear” and Merak means "the loin of the bear. "Dubhe is simply the Arabic word for "the