Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 244, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 February 1930 — Page 4

PAGE 4

SCRIPPS-HOWARD

Judicial Nominations Decision of the Republican state committee to nominate candidates for the supreme court before making selection of other candidates is a gesture in the direction of taking the courts out of politics, but only a very feeble gesture. As long as judges are elected on partisan tickets and go into office under party labels, it makes little difference when they are named or how they are nominated. One of the first questions asked will always concern party regularity, service to the party organization, the possibility of being useful to the party in the future. One of the very grave objections to the confirmation of Chief Justice Hughes was that he had once resigned from the supreme court to become a candidate for President, departing from the traditions of that court and the theory that life tenure implies an obligation to forget all party politics. One of the chief causes of a growing lack of confidence in courts, and especially in the supremo court of Indiana, is a general belief that many of its decisions have been prompted by political expediency rather than a study of the law or a regard for substantial justice. The decision of the city manager case, as an example, was popularly viewed as political. The circumstances under which it was rendered, the gossip on the street in advance, gave color to such suspicion. There have been other decisions that have caused grave concern, and certain it is that the lawyers of the state have discovered something so wrong that they pleaded with the parties to change their methods in order to eliminate politics from the high court. Merely putting the nomination of judges ahead of secretary of state and other officials will help but little. Any deals for support will have been made in advance. The one contribution of such a decision is to emphasize the danger of political judges and to admit that the courts have been under the menace of partisan control. There should be separate election of judges, with all party labels eliminated. There should also be a radical change in the caliber of men selected as judges. The lawyers of the state should bulwark their demand for a change of nomination methods with anew demand for a change of judges. Medals for Bravery We always have had the Idea that coast guardsmen were unusually brave. But Just how brave they really are we never realized until those three officers testified on Tuesday In the East Hampton, Long Wand, court. Their bravery was not of the ordinary kind which is taken for granted In connection with the coast guard—dally lacing death at the hands of Old Man Sea, or smugglers, or that sort of thing. They dared to tell the truth about prohibition enforcement. To do that is easy enough for the average citizen, but it takes courage in enforcement officers. For they are blowing out of the water the official myth floated by the Washington authorities every Monday morning or so that the nun runners have been conquered. What the three captains testified was that it was Impossible for the coast guard, even with its much increased size and expenditures, to prevent the landing of liquor. Of course that is more wicked wet evidence. But it happens to be true. What is the administration going to do about it? Or, rather, what can the administration do about it? Peace on the Atlantic The London naval conference is in a bad way and the United States has a chance to save it, according to correspondents on the spot. Their idea is that the jam of conflicting high tonnage demands can be blasted, and the negotiations allowed to flow toward peaceful agreement, only by the force of a political pact desired by France. They add that American timidity is about the only thing that prevents such a political treaty to aid the naval treaty. Such statement of the London conference impasse doubtless is an oversimplification. There are other issues of a technical naval nature, like the Japanese higher ratio demands and the American unwillingness to follow the British in battleship abolition, which can not be conjured away by a political pact. Nevertheless, it is abundantly clear that the political pact proposition is important, and that it can help solve many conference problems. Why, then, the hesitancy of the United States in negotiating such pact? The correspondents at London seem to be fairly well agreed that most, if not all. of the American delegates are in favor of the proposed political treaty, but fear the opposition of Washington. Those fears are groundless, in our judgment. In the first place, there is nothing in anything the Presdent has said or done which justifies the fear that he is opposed to that, proposal. Indeed, it is in line with the Hoover approach to peace agreements. If there is opposition in the senate, it is due largely to a misunderstanding of the proposal and the failure of the administration to make clear that a “security” pact is not contemplated. The distinction is vital. There is every reason why the United States should not entangle itself in an advance agreement to go to war to enforce any treaty; but there is every reason why the United States should sign a treaty now agreeing to consult with other governments for stabilization of peace whenever a war threat arises. is precisely what we have already done in of the Facific pact, signed at the Washington

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arms conference. The same thing should be done in relation to the Atlantic. If the American delegation is afraid of senate opposition. why not take for the Atlantic treaty the exact provision of the Pacific treaty already ratified by the enate? Under that provision, the signatory powers igree ‘ to communicate with one another fully and frankly, to arrive at an understanding as to the most efficient measures to be taken jointly or separately to meet the exigencies of a particular situation.” Writing from London on the need of such pact to < iave the conference. William Philip Simms, cor- 1 respondent of this newspaper, reports: ‘Unless President Hoover gives the cue, the American delegation may remain fatally cautious. Needless timidity here may cost the American taxpayers hundreds of millions, if not billions, of dollars, to >uild and maintain new warships.” Could Hughes Stand the Strain? How long would It be before stalwart men would have to support Chief Justice Hughes as he limps and totters painfully to his house or a hospital? Few who have sympathized with Mr. Taft in his lamentable plight ever have thought of asking such a question concerning the new chief justice. Alert and active in spite of his sixty-eight years, and known as a prodigious and rapid worker, the last thought which would occur to the casual observe. 1 would be any query as to Mr. Hughes’ efficiency and strength. His outlook might be questioned by some, but not the speed and volume of his output. What most people overlook is that the office of chief justice of the United States supreme court Is something far more than a grave judicial responsibility. We have been blinded by the pretty illusion that the branches of our government are divided sharply into administrative, executive and judicial. This has prevented us from recognizing that the chief justice actually is one of the most important and overburdened administrative officers in the tryAs head of the federal court system of the country, he must preside over a vast administrative machine. These administrative duties far transcend purely judicial business and organization. They Involve economic administration on a gigantic scale. The chief justice must scrutinize court calendars, must determine sequence and priority of cases, must supervise assignment of judges and the like. Merely to marshal, survey and direct the great army of federal judges In their work is a herculean task in itself. Even more important and unnoticed is the responsibility of the chief justice as the person officially responsible for the administration of railroads and great business units in receivership. This running of industrial, commercial and transportation enterprises while in the hands of a receiver is one of the greatest business and financial responsibilities in the United States today. To all this the chief justice must, give his attention. while at the same time trying to listen to arguments on cases which must be finally decided in the supreme court chambers. Can we expect that a man of 68 will be able to meet this dual responsibility for any considerable period of time? This question is particularly cogent today, when the administrative aspects of the chief justices work are in a terribly clogged confused condition. Mr. Hughes may tackle the work with gusto at the outset, but it is difficult to avoid the suspicion that he will go stale after a few' years, at the most. Presidents clearly must appoint one of the younger Judges to the office of chief justice, or else congress must provide an adequate technical staff to take over he administrative work which today breaks the back of the head of the court. Even a young and vigorous judge should not be burdened with duties so tiresome and so distracting to his mind when he is attempting to weigh mighty matters of law and justice. We are taking bets on the likelihood of the man who wins the contract bridge championship of the east, stating publicly, "My wife taught me.” Lady Astor has offered a museum the historic dress she wore when she first became a member of the house of commons. That opens an interesting field. How about the hat that Senator Heflin first talked through?

REASON

CHIEF JUSTICE HUGHES now will have opportunity to discredit his senatorial foes and prove by his judicial attitude that their prophecies were false, that his views on economic questions have not been creased and pressed by his lucrative employment, and that in reality he is a member of the human race and It is possible that he may do this very thing. tt tt M However, if we were seeking a jurist who would hold aloft the torch of the square deal between rich and poor, we would not expect to find him at the head of the legal department of the greatest financial combinations in the world, any more than we would expect to pick apricots in a brick yard or go coasting on the equator, tt tt tt These new schools which Henry Ford proposes to establish will be a series of flops, for he makes no mention of basketball, football or the other fruits which justify our institutions of learning. tt B B CLAUDE G. BOWERS tells the world that the country needs is more of the downrightness of Woodrow Wilson, but as we recall Mr. Wilson was not very downright about the necessity of our entering the World war until after he was re-elected in 1916. b b m And now Governor Green of Michigan is charged with having attended a party where the corkscrew had its old-time pull, but if all of our Governors who have been present when booze was absorbed were to resign the American people would be up against it for Thanksgiving proclamations next November. B tt B CLEMENCEAU may not have been entirely pleased when General Pershing refused to throw his raw troops into what he considered to be a slaughter house, but if we were in the market for a gentleman who knew the business of war we would select Pershing instead of the Tiger. u n n Since the war the leaders on both sides have done little but engage in the vivi-section of their associates and it makes one marvel that they could go along hand in hand during the conflict with all these surging enmities and jealousies under their dickies.

FREDERICK By LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy

SAYS:

Soviet Russia Has Chosen to Challenge Most of the Traditions, Principles and Ideals for Which White Civilization Stands. IS the attitude cf Soviet Russia toward religion, or more accurately, toward religious liberty, any of our business? If not, was the oppression of Cuba by Spain any of our business, or the threat of kaiserism In the late war? After generations of strife and bloodshed, humanity has succeeded in .establishing religious liberty throughout the civilized world. Now that a government ignores that right, is humanity justified in protesting? Soviet leaders say no. But can they make it stick? If not, what then? tt tt tt Soviet Russia has chosen to challenge not only capitalism, but most of the traditions, principles and ideals for which white civilization stands. Whether that is her right, she must take the risk. The issue can not be avoided by dismissing all the protests as amounting to little more than a strategic move of capitalistic governments. If Soviet leaders had not been blinded by their own philosophy, they would know- better. The trouble with them is that because they have created a superpower in Russia, they imagine that a super-power exists throughout the w’orld. n n n Soviet Is Blind OTHER governments are based on the theory that rights, influences and activities exist beyond their province to control. Soviet leaders can not comprehend this idea because it plays no part, either in their scheme of things, or in their conception of the scheme that has always prevailed. Whether with regard to Communism in Russia, or capitalism outside, their vision is of people dancing to the tune of some super power. They know that nothing can be done in Russia without official authority, or permission and they assume that nothing can be done anywhere else. 888 When the pope, the primate of England, the American Jewish coni gress, the Lutheran convention, and ; many other heads, or governing | bodies, of religious sects join in a general protest, Soviet leaders can not attribute it to anything but a single and dominant influence. So, they tell themselves and their followers that it is only capitalism making war medicine—the prelimj inary move in a great conspiracy against Russia. tt tt tt May Lead to War IT is not that at all. though it might lead to the same result. The lords of trade and politics have not ordered the churches to speak. It is not the economic situation that has inspired Catholic, Protestant, Jew, and Gentile to make common cause. In some quarters there may be fear that Russia will hurt business, because of her control over certain commodities, and her ability to dump on the market at unreason- ; ably low prices. That fear, however, is playing no part in these calls to prayer and declarations of sympathy. tt B tt What people believe always has ! exercised a stupendous influence | over human events, and though it may be waning, with regard to orthodox dogma, the right to believe still is regarded as one of the most essential rights. That right, the Soviet Union w'ould destroy, not by the slow processes of education, or the gradual development of a substitute philosophy, but by law. B B B Attack on Liberty IT is not the attack on religion that startles us, but the attack on religious liberty. Such attack, however, Is but a logical climax to Communism. Communism is the antithesis of liberty in every form, leaving no room for individualism, personal rights, free speech, free conscience, or anything else which goes with self-expression. Communism presupposes the extinction of personal initiative and identity. It can not permit the survival of private, or voluntry activities. Its very life depends on the annihilation of anything and everything which does not exist by virtue of state control. The Russian leaders are absolutely consistent in their efforts to exterminate the home, family and religion. It is essential net only to their w r ar on capitalism, but to the survival of their creed. That is what differentiates Communism from all other systems; w r hat creates a cleavage that goes to the bedrock of civilization; what leaves a gulf which seems impos- ! sible for human ingenuity to bridge, and what causes thoughtful men to I wonder whether there is any way ; out save through conflict.

Daily Thought

Now he that betrayed him gave them a sign, saying: Whomsover I shall kiss, the same is he; hold him fast,—St. Matthew 26:48. # # # Tis not sensible to call a man a traitor that has an army at his heels.—Selden. Do all the United States ambassadors receive the same salary? Does the United States own its embassy buildings abroad? All ambassadors receive a salary of $17,500. The United States owns its embassies in Paris, London, Tokio and Rio de Janeiro. It also owns Its legation in Peiping. In other countries ambassadors or ministers lease the buildings used by them.

SOMEBODY

Pork Must Be Well Cooked for Safety

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN. Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE disease trichinosis affects chiefly hogs and rats. In a recent survey of diseases transmitted from animals to man, Thomas G. Hull asserts that the Jewish prohibition against pork made by Moses about 1500 B. C. probably was due to his recognition of the danger of such infestation from eating the meat of the hog. It was not, however, until 1822 that any one recognized the presence of something strange in the muscle tissue and the organism itself was not demonstrated until 1835. The organism that causes trichinosis is a round worm scarcely visible to the naked eye, quite slender and tapering.

IT SEEMS TO ME

SOME kind reader who seems to think that I am in need of the advice has sent me an editorial from a newspaper entitled, ‘‘Well, It’s Just a Friendly Game.” As you may gather, it is a little tract against playing poker. But this hardly hits me. All my life I have played with cut-throats, and callous as they are I doubt if any one of them would have the audacity to pretend that the motivating nature of our pastime was friendly. Upon the whole subject of gambling my mind is split. The pertinence of many of the arguments against it is apparent. And yet I have a notion that it is a release for instincts which are practically inevitable. I would not deny, for instance, that cruelty enters into very many sessions. Yet it is my contention that some excursion into savagery is necessary to the human ego. I’d rather have it come out in fishing, hunting or kidding the loser than in life sentences and electrocutions. Members of denominations which rigidly frown on cards or any contact with games of chance are somewhat notoriously harsh in their attitude toward life in general. If I ever have the misfortune to stand trial for my life I shall instruct my counsel to have no pious men on the jury. Mercy is not in them. # # # Savagery THE chief demand for savagely in prohibition punishments comes from those who know not the joys or sorrows of saying, “I’ll raise you one more.” Of course, it is less than perfect conduct to pick on a loser in a game and ask with mock solicitude just how he stands. But perhaps it may be possible to fail back upon the old angler’s excuse and pretend he is cold-blooded and does not feel the hook as much as might be expected, People who would ban cards overlook the fact that some sort of tribute to chance must be a portion of each man’s life. If he does not try a joust with fortune in bridge or poker I will warrant that in some devious way or other every individual puts his fate now and again into the jaws of fortune. It must be so. Most of our business ventures have in them an element of risk by no means alien to that which the cardplayer courts. I see no essential difference between the storekeeper who bets that the public is going to want umbrellas and the man who shoves out his chips in the belief that the pat hand isn’t really pat. # # # Dynamo EVEN more specifically do I disagree with the chief argument advanced in the editorial against poker. ‘Each man," says the newspaper writer, “has within himself only a certain limited amount of energy. “If his energy is used up in one

In Strange Pastures

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

It multiplies freely in the intestines and after development passes by way of the blood to the muscles, where it lives and causes pain and other serious symptoms. About 1880 American pork so commonly was infected that it was excluded from German markets. Since that time government control and meat inspection have led to a considerable decrease in outbreaks. Occasionally considerable numbers of persons still are infected through eating pork improperly inspected. insufficiently cooked and improperly handled. A recent outbreak on the Pacific coast resulted from the eating of hams that had been canned without proper control. When meat is kept at 5 degrees Fahrenheit or below that temperature for five days, practically all the trichinosis worms are destroyed.

way, for instance in the aimless concentration of a poker game, it can not be used in another way that might bring real success.” Now that just isn't so. I’m willing to grant that if a man plays for stakes that are far over his head the strain may be less than beneficial. but if the limit is a moderate one there is no reason why the players should not have a good time and come away refreshed. There is no better way to rest than to go out and have a good time. The man who is gay and spirited enough to shoot the works at play as well as work will find that the forces of replenishment have come to his aid before he tackles the job again in the morning. # # # A Treat "IF the young man in the office,” continues the editorial, “would go to his home, eat his dinner, talk for a short time with one or two friends—not trying to win their money like a drunken Indian on the plains—then read for awhile some book of real value, and go to bed, looking forward with interest to his work of the next day as he now looks forward to his poker game, he would be the coming man in his office.” And I don’t believe that either. I can not speak for every kind of office, but the young reporter on a newspaper would be of singularly little use were he to restrict himself within any such schedule. I’ve never known a good newspaper man who did not have a

TODAY IS THE

PANAMA EXPOSITION Feb. 20

ON Feb. 20. 1915, the PanamaPacific international exposition opened at San Francisco to celebrate construction to and opening of the Panama canal. It is estimated the expense of the exposition, much of which was borne by the state of California, exceeded $50,000,000. Exquisite exhibition palaces, designed by the nation’s foremost architects, were built, and the grounds of the exposition laid out by skillful landscape architects who used millions of flowers for decorative purposes in the courts and gardens. Congress appropriated $500,000 for the exhibits of the departments in Washington, and later contributed an additional $500,000 for a building in which to show development and progress of the government. Forty-four states and territories made provisions for participating in the exposition, and many of these erected state buildings. Thirty-six foreign nations accepted the invitation of the United States government to take part, and many erected artistic pavilions.

Storage of pork at a temperature of 5 degrees Fahrenheit or below for twenty days will destroy all of the organisms. The United States department of agriculture requires such storage for all pork killed in slaughter houses under federal inspection. Occasionally meat of animals killed for home consumption is not properly controlled and epidemics occur. The safe route is not to eat pork or sausage containing pork, whether it has been officially inspected or not, until it has been cooked properly. A temperature of 137 degrees Fahrenheit for a sufficient period of time will destroy the organism. Since all of our slaughter houses are not under federal supervision, proper cooking in the home is the method of safety.

HEY WOOD By BROUN

certain contempt for regular hours and what is known as “cautious living” in the worst sense of the word. Indeed, the very business of being much concerned with a set allowance of sleep argues a defeatist and pessimistic attitude toward life. (Copyright, 1930. by The Times)

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—It looks to me like someone is sore because our present fire chief was retained by the present Democratic administration. What if it did take twelve minutes for the battalion chief to get there? He was driving safely. What if he had run down someone? Then we would have heard from other sources. Can not we have a fire without killing someone in getting to it? I say, if there is a fire, let it burn until our fire department gets there. They will be there as soon as possible with safety. That is what fire insurance is for. H. R. ATHERTON. Are the phrases “It is I” and “Between you and me” correct? Both phrases are correct. What is the annual fire loss in the United States? About $475,000,000.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

WE ARE FRANK IN SAYING— That the deposits which are made regularly, and which represent a determination to provide for the future ,are the ones we value most. May we not have your account? Start with $1 or more. We Pay 4 1/2% on Savings The Meyer-Kiser Bank 128 East Washington Street

FEB. 20, 1930

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ

Astronomers Have Found That There Are About Forty Billion Stars in One Galaxy. Astronomers of the world for some years now have been working to map the structure of the universe in which we live and taking a census of its stellar population. This work to date shows: That there are about forty billion stars in our galaxy. That they are arranged in a shape like that of a watch or double convex lens. That the diameter through the long way is about 156,000 light years. This means that it would take light, which travels 186,000 miles a second, that many years to go from one edge to the other of our Milky Way. That the diameter through the short way. from ton to bottom, so to speak, is about. 30,000 light years. That our own sun. with its planets. which include our own earth, is at a considerable distance from the center of the galaxy, but that the sun is rear the center of a local cluster of stars of ‘‘star cloud.” That the entire galaxy is in rotation around a massive center marked by a number of star clusters. # # # Adams IT is, due to the development of a method by Dr. Walter S. Adams, director of the Mt. Wilson observatory. and a German astronomer named Kohlshutter twelve years ago that such systematic study of the universe is possible today. Such study depends upon our ability to measure the motions of stars and their distances. Now older methods existed for doing this within certain limits. By measuring the position of a star at two intervals six months apart and noticing the displacement caused by the motion of the earth in going around its orbit it was possible to arrive at the distances of the nearer stars. But the great majority of stars are so far away that they show no such displacement. Hence this method, known as the parallax method, had a limited application. It is possible to measure the motion of stars across the line of sight by photographing the stars at intervals of a year or more and measuring their shift across the photographic plates with a measuring microscope. This measure, however, is angular and would be the same for a near star moving slowly or a far star moving swiftly. We therefore must know the star’s distance to arrive at its actual motion across the line of sight. Motion in the line of sight—that is, towards the earth or away from it—is measured easily by measuring the shift of the lines in the spectrum of a star. The spectrum is the rainbow of colors formed when a prism is held up to any sort of light. Just as a train whistle seems higher when a train approaches and lower when it recedes from us, so the lines in the spectrum shift with motion. # # # Motion IT also would be valuable for our study of the stars to know the absolute magnitude of a star, its real brightness of candle power, so to speak. For when we look at the sky, we can not tell whether a stalis a dim star nearby or a bright star far away. Adams and Kohlshutter developed a method for doing these things. First they developed a method by which an analysis of the lines in a star’s spectrum could be used to determine the absolute brightness or magnitude of a star. Then they developed a formula through which a comparitive of the star’s real brightness with that of its seeming or apparent brightness in the sky would yield its distance from us. Distance being known, then it is possible to put together the star’s apparent movement in the line of sight and across the line of sight and arrive at its true motion in space. From this, the present facts about our universe have come forth. The study so far indicates that our own sun is located in a sort of group or cluster within the galaxy. The study shows further that the red stars seem to be distributed pretty regularly throughout the galaxy, while there is a tendency for the brighter white stars to congregate in the region of the Milky Way. When you look up in the sky at the Milky Way, you are looking through the long radius of this watch-shaped galaxy.