Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 239, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 February 1930 — Page 8

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1 C K I f>p 5 - M OW L>

Another Anti-Red Orgy? Many civilized Americans have liked to believe that the criminal syndicalism laws were but a passing episode in a wave ot wartime hysteria and of postwar nightmare. But in Ohio several men are rotting in the state penitent.ary under recently imposed sentences for criminal syndicalism. Prison terms just have been impcred on youthful Communist enthusiasts under a Similar law in California. Now Michigan, with her criminal syndicalism law. swoops down upon "Comrade" Beals of Gastonia fame. Beals and sixteen others were arrested because of addresses to workers in Michigan towns. There Is no effort to deny that they were arrested because of their opinions and not on account of their deeds. Beals is held in SIO,OOO bail and his associates in lesser amounts, in one case $7,500. The Michigan law was enacted in 1919, but this is the first time it has been invoked by state authorities. In 1921-22 it was utilized by federal authorities, led by Daugherty, against the Communist party contention in the Sand Dunes. Thirty-two men were arrested on the charge of criminal syndicalism. Frank P. Walsh acted as the chief defense counsel in these cases. W. Z. Foster got off because of a jury disagreement. Ruthenberg died while his case was being appealed. None of the other cases has been called by the government. About $90,000 Is tied up on the bail bonds of the other defendants. The government neither will try nor dismiss the cases nor release the bail money. Friends of liberty and justice In the United States and in Michigan will be most unwd.se if they fail to protest vigorously against this method of suppressing dissident opinion and economic radicalism. If it is allowed to succeed this time, it will be the easier to invoke a similar Inquisition later. We hold no brief for Comrade Beals’ economic philosophy. But if Michigan desires to combat this economic heresy, she will get further by persuasion and education than by the application of blind force, which seems only to confirm the Communist charges against capitalistic society. A greater danger than an immediate attack on Communism is involved. Having struck out against Communism with this instrument, authorities next may use it against all forms of vigorous labor unrest and criticism. We have adequate laws to restrain criminal acts. We should repeal the syndicalism laws which restrain free thought and speech. Thomas Jefterson as a Dry “Thomas Jefferson was the first President to hang up the sign that ‘no booze-fighter need apply! said a recent edition of the Atlantic Constitution. The implication, of course, is that the sage of Monticello was the spiritual father of Senator Sheppard and other southern Democratic drys. Unfortunately for this thesis, the well-known facts about Jefferson's opinions and tastes relative to alcoholic beverages show him to have been one of the most intelligent and engaging supporters of civilized drinking. While President of the United States his wine bill averaged $1,357 yearly, and in two different years it ran more than $2,500. During the holiday period of 1802, he was presented with 2CO bottles of champagne, but the fact that no duty had been paid on it troubled his conscience. Therefore, he wrote the following letter to the collector of the port at Philadelphia: “Mons. d'Yrujo, the Spanish minister here, has been so kind as to spare me 200 bottles of champagne, part of a large parcel imported for his own use. and consequently privileged from duty: but it would be improper for me to take the benefit of that. I therefore must ask the favor of you to take the proper measures for paying the duty, for which purpose I Inclose a bank cheek for $22.50, the amount of it.” Even more illuminating is the following passage from a letter recommending cheaper wines: “I rejoice as a moralist at the prospect of a reduction of the duties on wine by our national legislature. It is an error to view a tax on that liquor as merely a tax on the rich. It is a prohibition of its use among the middle classes of our citizens, and a condemnation of them to the poison of whisky, which is desolating their homes. “No nation is drunken where wine is cheap: and hone sober where the dearness of wine substitutes ardent whisky or spirits as the common beverage. It is in truth the only antidote to the bane of whisky.” Jefferson may, indeed, be regarded as the apostle of a movement to regain light wines and beer, but scarcely as a worshipper at the shrine of the camel. No doubt he did not want any government employes reeling about at their work. In other words, he was a person of sanity and gentility. There is little reason to suppose that men like Wadsworth and Wagner favor drunkenness, and least of all In working hours. Nicholas Murray Butler expects his professors to show up for their lectures reasonably sober. These men, like Jefferson, simply have enough faith in their fellow-men to believe that in any reasonable system of liquor control they might be taught to drink like sensible gentlemen. Labor Policy and Profits If the hard-boiled employers of Pennsylvania and North Carolina who are busy fighting labor unions will call time long enough to read the newspapers, they may learn something to their profit. Their eyes will fall upon dispatenes from New York City, when a general garment strike has been waged—and settled. They will discover that the strike was rather a large affair, involving several hundred employers and contractors and more than 30.000 workers. They will discover that the garment strike issues were much more complicated than the relatively simple disputes in the Pennsylvania fields and the Carolina textile mills. They will find that the employers were able to deal with an international union without wrecking their industry, without destroying the sanctity of the home and without undermining the foundations of the republic. They will find that the employers were able to treat with the union without calling in private police of the coal and iron variety to ride down children, beat women and murder workers. They will find that no state militia was used by the employers, and that therefore labor, instead of being driven to use violence against violence, as in North Carolina, remained peaceful. They will find that picketing was permitted with-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPFR-HOW ARD NEW SPAPER! Owned And publlubed dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Tnd. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a c<>ry: elsewhere, 3 cents - delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. B(TvpY.rR[.EY. ROY W HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager ~PHONE—KHey W-71 FRIDAY, FEB. 14. 1930. Member of Cnlted Press. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will P’ind Their Own Way’.’

out shooting strike’s to death as at the Marion (N.C.) mill. They will find that it was not necessary in New York to organize terrorist mobs, such as the one which murdered Ella May Wiggins in Gastonia. They will find that, at the end of a week, most of the employers settled with the union and that 22,000 workers are going back on the job satisfied. They will find that these intelligent New York business men are going to profit, through industrial stability and more contented workers, just as much as labor from the forty-hour week, abolition of sweat shops and creation of impartial machinery for settlement of future disputes. They will find that the majority of employers, who have signed the strike settlement, actually have joined in the union’s effort to force better conditions in non-union shops. If the anti-labor employers of the country are as hard-headed as they claim to be, this example will send them to their own books and bank accounts to figure on a cold profit and loss basis the cost of their medieval labor policy. They will find on a cost basis that the old labor-be-damned policy ceased to pay about the time the public-be-damned policy became expensive.

The Supreme Court on Trial Much good should come from the three-day debate by the senate on the confirmation of Charles Evans Hughes as chief justice of the United States. It has directed public attention to what Senator Norris characterized, without exaggeration, as the most important issue before the nation now or in many years. That issue far transcends the qualifications of Hughes as an individual. No one questioned his technical qualifications, his probity or his sincerity. The fight was not over personality. Thanks to that debate, the senate itself, the President and the country at large are aware as never before that the supreme court has become much more than a.strict legal tribunal, that it has become a virtual policy-forming, Jaw-making body, with assumed power greater than the elected legislative representatives of the people. On questions of social and economic relations, the court frankly bases its decisions, from which there is no appeal, not upon the Constitution or the law, but upon its own personal convictions. In so doing, the conservative court majority has upheld corporate property interests and trampled upon the public interests supposedly guaranteed by the Constitution and buttressed by the laws of congress. Therefore it is the duty of the President in nominating, and of the senate in confirming, justices to membership in that court to determine upon their record and known convictions where they stand on this fundamental issue of the encroachments of wealth versus human rights. Sincerely and honestly Hughes is on the side of property, and sincerely and honestly the senate opposition demanded a chief justice on the people’s side. The supreme court fight is not over. It will continue as long as this property issue divides the country politically and economically. Hughes is only an incident in it. He was confirmed largely because of his unique prestige as a public figure. A lesser man of his views probably would have been defeated. That represents a protound change in sentiment. If the senate debate and public response mean anything, they mean that the idolatry which placed the court above criticism has been smashed, and that hereafter the President, the senate and the public will make severer tests of candidates for that allpowerful body. Sandwich bread now comes in pink, green, orchid and yellow. One of ;he next innovations that may be made is the insertion of a piece of meat in the restaurant variety. The greatest menace in America is the tired business man seeking a kick out of life, says an lowa college professor. So it isn't the collar button at ail!

REASON B >’ F = CK

IT is a good idea to install that cooling device in President Hoover’s office, for Washington summers are so hot the pigeons leave tracks in the asphalt streets, to say nothing of disappointed candidates for office who march with leaden feet. The White House, and all of Washington, for that matter, should have been built on Capitol Hill, instead of down on the lowlands. a a a But what is needed most in Washington is a ventilating system for the house of representatives, its stupefying atmosphere being fried on both sides. Members arrive at noon, feeling fit after a stroll up Pennsylvania avenue, but little by little they wilt under the foul intake, those who stay until evening rising with heads full of cobwebs. a a a At times the air is so bad it curls the bangs of Washington and Lafayette, in their oil portraits, while to those who sit in the galleries the aroma is like an immigrant car, when newly arrived guests from over the Atlantic remove their footwear as the shades of evening fall. a a a r' VIDENTLY this factional fight between Ruth H/ Hanna McCormick and Senator Deneen for the Republican senatorial nomination over in Illinois promises to be as devastating as a West Indian hurricane, otherwise that finished political weather prophet, James Hamilton Lewis, would not have entered the field as a candidate for the Democratic nomination. ana Senator Brookheart and Representative La Guardia staged a wet and dry debate in Cleveland and all were able to hear. They raged on the platform, then arose grandly above contention and met on common ground in the box office. an > a The prince of Wales has taken a bath tub with him in his motor car on this trip into the interior of Africa and when he is not hunting lions he will be hunting the soap a a a THEODORE ROOSEVELT seems to be going big with the natives, as Governor of Porto Rico, speaking to them in their own language, but he will run into a snag if he seeks to introduce them to soap or induce them to discard the umbrellas which they carry on clear nights to escape lunacy from the rays of the moon. a a a Captains of industry have sought to dissipate distrust by painting glowing landscapes of 1930, but the most optimistic note yet sounded for Americans in general Is this statement by the vice-president of the National Association of Merchant Tailor that a man can be well dressed with only twelve suits of clothes and that the same, with accessories, can be had for a mere SIO,OOO a year. It seem* too good to be true. m

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS: There Is a Great Hue and Cry About Freedom Until Some One Mentions Hooch, and That’s Different. A GREAT show of hands in favor of liberalism by the senate. Will it go far enough to do anything about prohibition, and if not, why not? Seven bills before congress to correct the situation. Where will those who have talked so loudly about human rights stand when these bills come to a vote? nan Even Richmond Pearson Hobson has quit the dry ship, looking for temperance through education rather than law. Still, our national legislature, particularly the liberal elements in it, remain loyal to Volsteadism. Four to one. they say, though a man like Hughes should be ditched because he is too unsympathetic with human rights. Not only that, but they say that if buyers of hooch can not be convicted under existing laws, one will be passed under which they can. Human rights, to be sure, but not to the extent of a cocktail. a a a Hooch? No, Never SUCH a hue and cry for freedom, until somebody mentions hooch. Such tolerance, such broad-mind-•edness, such shouting in behalf of “the dear people,” until somebody suggests that the snooping, spying, raiding and padlocking represent an infringement on personal liberty. * * u Apparently, we are in for another so-called progressive movement, and from the same section that once gave birth to the Greenback party. Populism, the cry for free silver, the Nonpartisan League, the Bull Moose revolt, and the La Follette : campaign. Not a bad prospect. Such movements are needed every so often to get us out of the rut. No doubt we would get some drastic regulation of big business if this movement were successful, and no doubt big business needs some, but what would we get by way of relief from the five and ten law, or by way of guarantee that it would not be supplemented by even worse laws? a a a Assault on Human Rights CALL it progressive, liberal, idealistic, or what you will, it does i not smell either sweet or genuine | as long as it indorses the petty ; tyranny, unavoidable corruption, : and increasing disrespect for law which go with prohibition. Prohibition, as written into the Constitution of the United States, 1 as interpreted by -he Volstead act, j and as enforced by a bureau at i Washington, represents the most I violent assault on human rights i and personal liberty ever made in j these United States. tt a m No movement can be classified as honestly progressive which begs that issue. They can characterize Hughes as reactionary because he took cases j for big corporations, they can argue that men of different attitude, ! training and experience should be | appointed to the supreme court, they can claim that the supreme court has become a political institution because of its power to determine public policy, they can demand that judges should be chosen with that idea in view’, and they can justify it all as a movement to safeguard human rights, but they can’t prove it as long as ! they support Volsteadism. They can style themselves as I liberals because they want to rei strict big business and help the 1 farmer, but they can not make ! ordinary folks believe it, while they | continue to indorse this dry rot | jvhich. as J. S. Cullinan once said, is making liars and hypocrites of us all. tt St tt Chance Is Here I’nORTY MILLION drinkers in . this dried-up republic, accordj ing to General Lincoln C. Andrews, can’t slake a thirst without break- : ing the law or .showing disrespect to the Constitution, yet most of those opposing Hughes on the ground that they love human rights see nothing wrong with it. One is almost persuaded by the eloquence of a Borah, the obvious sincerity of a Norris, and even the labored arguments of a Glass, until one remembers how they stand j with regard to this particular item. ! One thrills at their demands that the supreme court be liberalized, especially when it comes to interpreting the Constitution, until one begins to wonder how they would feel toward a liberal interpretation of the eighteenth amendment. Human rights, as exemplified by | thirteen hundred corpses on the I altar of prohibition, by the beer racket in Chicago and every other great town, by a rum fleet hovering off every principal port, by 75,000 arrests in one year, by crowded prisons—here is a chance for liberalism to prove its case, without surmise, or insinuation as to what any person would do if made a judge.

Daily Thought

For he shall not much remember the days of bis life; because God ansrwereth him in the joy of his heart.—Ecclesiastes 5:20. tt a a There is a sweet joy that comes to us through sorrow.—Spurgeon. What is the highest navigable fresh water lake in the world? Lake Titicaca, which forms part of the boundary between Peru and Bolivia, in South America and is 12.500 feet above sea level. Do fish live In the great Salt Lake in Utah? No. What is the highest waterfall in the world? Sutherland Falls in New Zealand.

Just When We Thought We Were Some Punkins!

LOOK ME OVER KID- I’VE JUST FINISHED 7 ANDI 7/t Mm . . PIGURING AND OUR INCOME WA<=> s*ooo SAID / i\ | ncDCicc yc AP-v | TOLDYQO I’D YOU'D NEVER | / , l \ C RAHINTO THESIS j, /J \V I 11 ' T .. "7". WELL LESSEE ,V’Vt P ■ \V\ I, S V/HAT THE PAPER’S X fjsj / f V,V\i| i r,f\ t ) GOT TO SAV- HMM-M I ♦ new tax figures I IW \SHOW 40,000 IN J,\ "TT U L ' '■ 7') -“EIGHTY NiNE * |7| ' ■ vM. K /' ( / WILL PAY TAX ON / I I I '■SKf Ifjy \ t'CARIy income OT - • -JF ‘*2.000,000 1 m TUI -SIXTY ONE I I A ff) WILL RAY TAX JJ 'Tnr ! f f / }'! ON YEARLY INCOME ~ “II <&*, llAl/Mttj/iml ’ v jd., HDTW- ft— ltl{| a I

— DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Irradiation Gives Food Benefits

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American M-dlcal Association and of Hyxeia, the Health Magazine. WHEN it is discovered that irradiation of various food substances would result in increasing their content of vitamin D, experiments were at once begun in various places to test the effects oi irradiation on all sorts of foods. Because milk is one of the most important substances in the human diet and because milk is especially weak in vitamin D content, many investigators turned their attention to this substance. It was soon shown that irradiation, while benefiting the vitamin D content of milk, if continued for a lengthy period was likely to ruin th 2 vitamin A content of the milk. Then it was discovered that a lengthy irradiation was not necessary to develop appreciable amounts of vitamin D in milk, particularly if that milk were exposed in a thin film to intensive ultra-violet rajs from some powerful source, such as the mercury vapor quartz lamp or a powerful carbon arc. It has been known for some time

IT SEEMS TO ME * ",™

HAS a good actor the right to appear consistently, in bad plays? I don’t mean should there be a law against it, but I am wondering whether a player can preserve his artistic integrity in giving his services to flapdoodle. The problem is fairly complicated and tradition is on the side of the artist who does not look too closely into the mouth of an engagement Many of our most honored stars, both past and present, have been frequently associated with trash Indeed, some have made their reputations in it. There is even a school of thought which holds that the best acting is to be found in periods when playwriting is at a low ebb. Shakespeare can get in the way of an actor in a manner which Samuel Shipman never could do. Jefferson is remembered largely for his Rip Van Winkle, the piece to which he devoted a large proportion of his career. It would be overstringent to call that comedy sheer trash, but it was plainly no great shucks as a play. Otis Skinner has toured the country in vehicles that creaked under his worth and artistic weight, and Mrs. Fiske has done many roles which may have caused Ibsen to turn uneasily beneath the sod at the antics of one of his most successful interpreters. a a a Miss .Cornel! NOT all of this is drawn out of a clear sky. I am thinking specifically of Miss Katharine Cornell. Everybody agrees that Miss Cornell is one of our best young actresses, and it has been all of four or five years since she has come to New York in anything of moment. Actors are supposed to be poor judges of plays, even worse than critics. Under certain circumstances it can be said that the quality of the piece is no concern of the player. He may not even know much about the entertainment In which he has enlisted. I once met a friend of mine who had a small role in a drawing room comedy. We ran into each other back of the last row, where he was standing, watching the third act with fascinated interest. The play was in its twenty-seventh week. “I should think you’d be terribly bored with this,” I remarked, and he answered, “Shush! I want to see how it turns out.” It developed that he never had seen the play in its entirety. His function was to bring on a tea tray early in the first act and announce that Lady Crawford had come to call. After that, he had nothing to do until tomorrow. His interpretation of the role did not depend on the knowledge of whether Lady Craw-

that exposure to ultra-violet rays will kill considerable numbers of bacteria and it was found that the bacteria in milk were reduced by this method although not completely destroyed, since of course the rays did not penetrate through the film of miik to all the bacteria. It also was found that various types of milk differ in their capacity for activation, so that it is necessary to check the product after it has been treated with the rays to make sure that the rays have had their effect. When the vitamin D potency of the untreated milk could be measured, the British investigators Nabarro and Hickman found that the power of the treated milk, after eight seconds, was nine times that of the untreated milk. Exposure for as long as thirty seconds did not appreciably influence the vitamin A potency of the milk. Tests of irradiated milk on rats show that it can be of value in preventing rickets in the rat and tests in the feeding of children indicated that they gained weight somewhat more rapidly on the irradiated milk than on that rot irradiated.

ford remained with her husband or went to Mesopotamia with the lover. He didn’t know. He didn’t care. Os course, he might have gleaned some knowledge of the plot from the newspaper accounts after the first night, but he informed me proudly that he never read the notices. In fact, he was somewhat shamefaced about being caught out front in the theater where he worked. “One of the boys is sick,” he explained. “It broke up the bridge game.” Stars Do Nod BUT a star must have some conception, even though it be a wrong-headed one, of the play as a whole. Miss Cornell hardly can be under any illusions as to the pretensions of “Dishonored Lady,” the piece in which she is now appearing. I venture the guess that she knows it for a cheap and shabby thing. It hardly can be that this was her one chance of a Broadway engagement this season. And even though I am not acquainted with whatever scripts may have been submitted to her, I will venture the

l4js'TH£k - VUtAtIV

ARIZONA’S STATEHOOD Feb. 14 ON Feb. 14, 1912, President Taft signed the proclamation formally admitting Arizona to the Union. Although the-people of that state adopted a Constitution as early as 1891, in anticipation of admission to the Union as a state, congress refused to grant the application. Bills finally were passed by congress, however, in 1904-05, and again in 1905-06, .providing for admission of Arizona and New Mexico. The voters of Arizona rejected this plan. At a constitutional convention in 1910, Arizona prepared a Constitution wihch was regarded as probably the most radical instrument ever formulated for the administration of a state. One provision sanctioned the recall of judges. Congress then passed a joint resolution which provided for the admission of Arizona, but President Taft vetoed it on account of the clause dealing with the recall of judges. Congress thereupon passed a second resolution providing for the admission on condition the objectionable clause were removed. This was done, and the President signed the proclamation.

However, the whole question as to whether or not irradiated milk should be used as a regular part of the diet is one which scientists have not fully established. It is recognized that rickets represents a serious deficiency in development and that its control must be certain. By use of cod liver oil, particularly that fortified with viosterol, one may be certain of the amount of vitamin D that the infant is getting. By use of definite exposures to ultra-violet rays, one may be certain of the effects. The whole subject of modification of food for health purposes is concerned in this question. When it comes to the prevention of a definite disease, such as rickets, it is better to be certain of the dose of the rickets-preventing substance than to rely on haphazard feeding with various irradiated foods. For the child who has passed through the period of infancy without developing signs of rickets and for the adult who wants to be sure that he will secure the effects of irradiation and of vitamin D, the irradiated foods may offer a more simple and pleasant method.

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this column are those at tine of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without resrard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

guess that “Dishonored Lady” can hardly have been the pick of the puppies. Possibly Miss Cornell is a shrewd enough judge of theatrical fare to know a sure-fire hit when she sees one. “Dishonored Lady” seems to be established as a smash of considerable proportions. The public likes it. Maybe Miss Cornell does. I hope not. What are the ethical considerations involved in the decision of an actress in regard to a potentially successful play which is utterly worthless or thereabouts? We are all ready to censure the first-rate novelist who does a potboiler, or the artist of consequence who turns out a picture postcard for the hope of gain. To be sure, the analogy is not complete. The actress can say, “But it isn’t my play. I didn’t write it. I’m merely acting in it.” I don’t think that's quite good enough. A high talent can take a piece away from the author. A star of magnitude is certainly in a very real sense a collaborator in the entertainment. Ladies must live, I know, but the same holds true of novelists. I think somebody ought to speak sharply to good, young actresses who appear in bad, old plays. O M It A Glass House OF course, I’m not the one to do the speaking. No newspaper hack of twenty years’ standing, with hundreds of poor and careless columns on his conscience, has anyright to be overcaptious about anybody’s artistic integrity. The rebuking should be left to somebody else. I’m not even a dramatic critic, and so It was possible for me to go out into the night after the second act of “Dishonored Lady.” I went without sense of guilt, since I had no assignment to remain. And I may add that I went out In a driving rainstorm. It was an episode of the second act which drove me forth. You have probably heard that “Dishonored Lady” is a murder melodrama. Madeleine Smith, the heroine, goes to the apartment of a former lover to poison him, so that he shall not get in the way of an excellent marriage which lshe is about to make. But before she succeeds in adding strychnine to his coffee the young man persuades her to resume a carnal past. That seems to her even after she has killed him, the greatest sin of all. "What’s this?” I said to myself. ‘ This is a pretty howdy-do. Surely the playwright has succeeded in making a violent distortion of the moral values!” (Copyright. 1930, by The Time*)

.FEB. 14, 1930

SCIENCE “BY DAVID DIETZ-

Next World Parley May Deal With Zeppelins as Instrument of War. THE naval conference now in session in London is concerned chiefly with battleships. Aircraft is not on the agenda. Another decade. however, may sec an aircraft parley, with Zeppelins playing the stellar role now held by the battleships. The Zeppelin race at the present moment is a three-cornered one with the leadership in the hands of Great Britain. The United States has one Zeppelin, the Los Angeles. Germany has one big ship in the giant class, the famous Graf Zeppelin, which recently completed its trip around the world. Great Britain has five giant airships. Three of them are larger than our Los Angeles and two of them are larger than Germany's Graf Zeppelin. The score based on capacity in cubic feet is as followsUnited States: The Los Angeles, capacity 2,600,000 cubic feet. Germany: The Graf Zeppelin, capacity 3,708,000 cubic feet. Great Britain: R-33 and R-34 each 1,960.000 cubic feet; the R-38. 2.724.000. cubic feet, and the R-100 and R-101. each 5,000,000 cubic feet. These figures, however, may not mean much in the future. It is the general feeling among airship experts that, on the basis of what is now known about aircraft design, all of these ships may be considered obsolete. Even though the Graf Zeppelin circled the globe, experts feel that, it would not be suited to regular trans-Atlantic traffic and that it could not be depended upon in the hazards of war. a a a New Ships ZEPPELINS now under construction will put the United States in the lead, with Germany second. The ZRS-4, now in process of construction at Akron, 0., will have a capacity of 6,500,000 cubic feet. The contract has been let by the United States navy for the ZRS-5, a sister ship of the same size. GoodyearZeppelin Corporation is building ZRS-4 and will also build the ZRS-5. Germany has anew ship under construction of 5,500.000 cubic feet capacity. It will be noted that both the two new United States Zeppelins and the new German one will be larger than Great Britain’s two largest ships, the R-100 and R-101. It should be noted also that while the R-100 and R-101 are of the same size, the British do not regard them as being of equal utility. The R-101 has a steel frame, while the R-100, the newer of the two, has a duralumin frame. The R-10T) has six engines, whereas the R-101 has only five. There are other details of construction which, it is claimed, make the R-100 a superior ship in many ways. It is interesting to compare the details of the R-100 with the ZRS-4. now under construction in Akron. The R-100 has a capacity of 5,000,000 cfibic feet, a length of 709 feet, a diameter of 131 feet, a horse power rating of 3,900 and a lifting abilty of 156 tons. Tire ZBS-4 will have a capacity of 6.500,000 cubic feet, a length of 785 feet, a diameter of 132 feet, a horse power rating of 4.480 and a lifting ability of 180 tons. a a a War Use IN a world tired of war and trying ing by such means as the Kellogg peace pact and the present naval conference to minimize the possibility of war, it is to be hoped that it will not be necessary to consider the Zeppelin as an engine of war in the future. At the present, however, it must be considered as such. The fact that the Zeppelins here, for example, are being built for the navy, emphasize this fact. During the early part of the World war, the German Zeppelins did considerable damage over England. Once the British, however, had perfected defense measures, the Zeps proved of little use. How effective the new Zeppelins would be in a war, carrying new types of gas shells, is another question. Many authorities think that the chief value of a Zeppelin in war time will be as an air base for airplanes. It is thought that a Zep might sail within a hundred miles or so of a war zone, carrying six or eight airplanes. These planes then could be launched. They would return to the airship for new supplies of bombs. .Many airship experts believe that the day is coming when Zeppelins will be used regularly for transAtlantic and trans-Pacific commercial traffic. They also believe that short route.from inland American and Canadian cities to the northern capitals of Europe will be developed, the ships going over the north polar area. They believe that airplane lines will serve as feeders for these long Zeppelin lines.

Questions and Answers

Describe the seal of the island of Madeira? It consists of two shields surrounded by a wreath of leaves. The left shield is on a wheel, the border containing five stars, and the center of the shield containing five >mall shields. The right shield contains five plain cones. The legend underneath reads “Sunchal." How does a bank discount the note of a customer? When a bank discounts the note of a customer his account is credited with the amount of the note less the discount, that is the interest or charge for the use of the bank’s credit; the amount of a note purchased from an outsider, on the other hand, is paid for by check or draft, and at maturity the sum paid will include the face of the note and interest.