Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 234, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 February 1930 — Page 4

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t r tt t P P I • H OW +MO

Bigger .Tails To not only this city, but to all others, now come those so-called “crime waves” in which there is an unusual amount of theft, banditry and forays on property. These invariably occur after a period of industrial depression and readjustment. There is a very definite relationship between unemployment and crime. Thus far, the only recommendation of crime investigators is for bigger and better jails, criticism of police departments and demands for more policemen to catch the offenders. Experience suggests that the program of better and bigger jails has brought little relief for those who desire safety for their goods and chattels. In this state, the prison population has reached its zenith for all time. The penitentiary is overcrowded. The state is building more cellhouses and these will be overcrowded as soon as finished. For the first time in years, there is an ‘‘idle house” in that institution. That means that imprisonment brings the added punishment of unemployment within the prison and such a condition always makes for revolt and discontent with small chance of redemption for the prisoner. The idle prisoner, as well as the idle man outside the prison, is in a dangerous mood. lie finally reaches the end of a vicious circle, for very often unemployment is responsible for his crime, and when caught, he in the end reaches the very condition that produced his downfall. If there is to be any real solution for crime and its problem, now the greatest burden to industry and society, there must be something more than mere imprisonment. Jails will not cure. They do not even terrify. A readjustment in industry that insures against wide unemployment might help to solve the problem. A fall in prices in Wall street ought not to fill the jails with those who have no chance to win, but who can and do lose their jobs.

Naval “Reduction*’ Upward The American naval proposal at the London conference is disappointing. It is not the reduction which President Hoover has demanded in public statements. An opportunity existed. As William Philip Simms, Scripps-Howard foreign editor, reported from London a week ago: “The United States is able to obtain a showdown on naval armaments whenever it wants to by proposing a plan for abolit’on of battleships as now defined. This would leave the country with a navvy second to none and in position to upbuild her merchant marine.” Instead, the United States has refused to accept the British suggestion for battleship abolition, and thereby has sacrificed tl.e only opportunity for large scale reduction in American total naval tonnage and naval expenditures. This puts the United States in the unenviable position of not living up to its pledge. For on Armistice day, President Hoover declared: "We will reduce our naval strength in proportion to any other. Having said that, it only remains for the others to say how low r they will go. It can not be too low for us.” Britain's willingness to wipe out battleship tonnage was "too low for us.” And as Britain will not cut her cruisers to our present strength, the only way to achieve parity is to increase American tonnage to her partial cut—all of which seems to end any chance of the reduction which President Hoover said was necessary. What America now proposes is for Britain to scrap five battleships while we scrap three, leaving each power with fifteen battleships and more money to spend on new cruisers, which are the real battleships of the future. To build to the figure proposed by the United States, wc shall have tc spend about $235,000,000 for new cruisers. Instead of our present 80,000 cruiser tonnage, or 200.000 tons if ships now under construction are included, we ask at London for 327,000 tons. Whatever may be said for or against such a proposal, it certainly is not the original Hoover plan and it Is not naval reduction Destruction of three old battleships of doubtful value is no compensation for the huge American naval expansion proposed at the London conference. Afraid of books When congress is discussing the terms under which foreign foodstuffs or minerals shall be admitted into this country, it carefully considers the viewpoint of business men most directly affected. Why then should not congress, in discussing the terms under which foreign words and ideas shall be admitted to this country, act upon the advice of those whose business it is to know and deal in words and ideas? If such course should be adopted, the fate of the Smoot attempt to restore a customs censorship of literature is easy to predict. College presidents from all parts of the country have put themselves on record in opposition to a customs censorship. President Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia university is one of those who has announced this stand. College professors, individually and in groups, have written their approval of the fight which Senator Bronson M. Cutting is making against censorship. College students' clubs have taken similar action. Librarians are vigorous in their opposition to a ban on foreign books. Their national association has entered the fight to keep censorship out of the tariff bill. Men who write books and edit them are against "protection” of their industry. A knowledge of what people in other parts of tne .world are thinking and saying is essential to educa-

The Indianapolis Times (A BCBIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned nd pnMlabed doily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Time* Publishing Cos., 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy: elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. UOYI) GURLEY ROY W HOWARD, FRANK O. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE—Riley 5351 SATURDAY, PEB. 8. 1930. Member of United Tress. Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

tlon, educators say, and the picture must be a whole one, not a picture including only those things a customs official thinks the country should know about. The books to which objection is made are often obtainable in this country, but a customs ban prevents importation of early editions and rare bindings, librarians remind us. Others point justly to the fact that it insults the intelligence of the American people to suppose they can not read outspoken literature without becoming evil minded, or that they can not read of social revolution in other countries without becoming anarchists. If any regulation is necessary for the public welfare, the courts are the proper agency for it. State laws provide the necessary machinery. It Is no part of the training of a man expert In valuing goods brought from aboad to decide what literature is or is not admissible to the country. This is the verdict rendered on Smoot’s customs censorship plan by a section of public opinion in which confidence may be placed and to which the senate should listen.

Aviation Sets Record Despite acci&ents, commercial aviation continues to gain. A report from the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of America, Inc., shows that miles flown by the twenty-seven major air transport companies in the United States reached a total of more than 20,000,000 in 1929—double the 1928 total. Furthermore, the number of passengers carried on these lines tripled, the figure for 1929 being 165,623 as compared with 52,934 in 1928. In air mail, likewise, there was an amazing gain, more than 7,000,000 pounds being carried last year—twice the amount carried in 1928. All in all, American aircraft flew nearly 200,000,000 miles during the year, and three-fourths of this mileage was run up by commercial planes. Commercial aviation is definitely establishing itself. These figures indicate that the industry is quickly passing the fledgling stage.

Baker and the World Court Newton D. Baker, former secretary of war, may succeed Charles Evans Hughes as justice of the world court, according to news dispatches. Baker’s position as a member of the court of arbitration is said to put him in line for the higher court, when the selection is made at Geneva on recommendation of an American committee. Os the other two American members of the arbitration court, John Bassett Moore already has served on the world court and resigned and Elihu Root is believed to be too old to undertake such added responsibilities. Americans will welcome the suggestion of Baker’s selection. He is an eminent lawyer. He is a great internationalist. He is a worthy representative of American ideals. Ambassador Dawes limped away from St. James palace in London the other day with the remark, “Diplomacy is not so hard on the mind, but its hell on the feet.” The ambassador is having a little trouble with the dogs of peace. A financial writer says Wall Street “is taking time out for play.’ We thought they had been playing bear down there for some time. Talking pictures still are in their infancy, to judge by the lisp.

REASON By PP u?NDIS K

POSSIBLY you observed that the head of the Japanese delegation to this disarmament conference announced the other day in London that his country did not consider our exclusion of the Japanese as a closed incident. In other words, Japan will bring the matter up at the very first opportunity, which should contain a warning, sufficient for any nation that knows enough to come in out of the rain. ana This means that just as soon as we go into this world court, created by the League of Nations, to which we do not belong, Japan will present the matter of our exclusion of Japanese to the world court for an advisory opinion. Then we will be out of luck, for all Europe would join hands to knock a hole in our immigration restrictions, because it would like to dump Its excess population upon us. a a a THE United States senate adopted several reservations, setting out the terms under which we would join this world court, and one of these reservations was that the world court could not, without our consent. render an advisory opinion on any matter In which we had or claimed to have an interest. That limited the jurisdiction of the meddlesome Matties from all corners of the world, so they refused to agree to it. a a a Thereupon Elihu Root, who used to be a great man, but who now is an old man, went to Europe last summer, trying to iron out the differences so we could get into this so-called court, and the foxy foreigners wined and dined him and told him what a whale he was and is and then handed him a gold brick called an amended reservation. a a a This amended reservation is not a reservation at all: it is an unconditional surrender, for it is provided that if we refuse to consent to the world court's rendering an advisory opinion on the justice of our exclusion of the Japanese, then we can get out of the court. If that’s the only way we can get In. we should stay out until Gabriel biows his trumpet—and then some. a a a THE right to determine what immigrants shall come into your country is fundamental in national sovereignty; an independent country has the same right to say who shall come into it that an independent citizen has to say who shall come into his house and eat at his table. To consent that foreign powers have the right to stick their noses into this matter should be enough • o make all of us see red. a a a Japan should be the last nation to grow cocky over our exclusion of her immigrants, for she long has practiced the same exclusion against her nearest neighbor, China. She keeps out the Chinese because she is unwilling for them to come in and take any bread out of the mouths of her own workmen. a a a We have an added reason for exclusion: the Japanese do not fit into our national picture: they do not belong beside our workmen and their children do not belong beside our children in the public schools. The warning sounded by the Japanese statesman In London should cause the United States to stop, look and listen before It adopts the abject surrender tendered it by Elihu Root.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

Oyie Finds It Hard to Escape the Conclusion That the Present-Day World Is More Anxious to Appear Good Than to Be Honest. THE talk goes merrily on at London. Anglo-American parity virtually has been agreed upon. France, though standing firm against the abolition of submarines, seems willing to accept limitation of their use and tonnage. The Italians, who threatened to break off the parley at one point, suddenly have turned optimistic, for reasons that one can only guess. With an election on their hands the Japanese prefer to remain noncommittal, but appear ready to scrap one battleship. tt tt tt On the whole, the outlook is bright for the kind of agreement which will help the taxpayers of five great nations, even though it may not mean so much as a war preventive. Tliat would be no small achievement, for this is a hard-pressed world. On every hand, people are suffering because of the heavy* load of debt. It is doubtful if there ever was a time when governments owed so much, or when there was such a universal disposition to pay. The happy custom of past ages was to wipe the slate clean when debts became too big. Humanity can claim to have made headway in refusing to take advantage of that time-honored subterfuge. If it pays long enough, it eventually may realize the cost of war. a tt m Call War Inevitable MEANWHILE, hope and idealism divide honors with reality. The conferring to reduce armaments and thereby diminish the likelihood of war is set in a background of doubt, suspicion, and distrust. While some statesmen work to prevent conflict, others predict it as inevitable. tt tt u In Russia, “American imperialism” lias become a real bugaboo. To let the Soviet propagandists tell it, this country is leading a movement for “organized diplomatic intervention against the Soviet Union.” Washington, we are informed, is trying to adjust matters between Poland and Germany so “international capitalism” can strike at Russia through the latter. Well, if the Russians keep on thinking that way and talking that way, who knows?

Fights Anti-Pistol Law TO bring the question of how people really feel toward disarmament a little closer home. Lieutenant Colonel Townsend Wheenan, representing the war department, protests against enactment of an anti-pistol law now before the Massachusetts legislature. We would need pistols in time of war, he argues, wherefore we should keep the manufactories going. which is impossible unless they enjoy a ready market. In other words, pistols are so necessary in case of war, and war is so probable, that it would be unwise to enact any law that might interfere with their production. If that is so, how can we pin much faith to the scrapping of battleships'? MUM One finds it hard to escape the conclusion that the present day world is more anxious to appear good than be honest. Whether in the realm of internationalism, or In that of local legislation, idealism has a way of getting mixed up with hypocrisy. If people don’t vote as they drink, they don’t talk as they believe. On every hand, there is a veritable reign of lip music which simply does not square with what goes on after the shades are pulled down and the door is locked. No doubt, many of the leaders are sincere, but some merely are catering to the crowd, talking for effect and building political fences. St tt ft Clever, but Crooked George Sylvester vieRECK, writing in the current issue of the Saturday Evening Post, paints a discouraging picture of how some of the greatest governments are concealing their war expenditures and preparations: actually falsifying reports so they may appear to be in step with the peace movement. Clever, to be sure, but when was cleverness a substitute for common honesty? What can we hope from a world court, a league of nations, a constitution, or even a city ordinance, if deceit and insincerity are to become prevalent?

Questions and Answers

Is there a river named Surinam? It is in Dutch Guiana. Is there such a word as angosciosamente?” It is an Italian adverb meaning "with grief.” What does A. W. O. L. mean. Absent without leave. What Is the altitude of Phoenix, Ariz.? 1.082 feet. How many pistols and revolvers are manufactured in the United States in a year? In 1927 there were 229,058 manufactured. What was Mickey Cochrane's batting average for 1928? .293. What is the largest ocean in the world? The Pacific. Can poems be registered at the United States copyright office? Yes.

Inhaling of Dust Peril in Industry

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygcia, the Health Magazine. AS life becomes mechanized, men are more and more concerned with the conditions that occur in industry which may interfere with health. One of the ci.ief questions, raised again and again, has to do with the effects of dust on human life. Dust consists of earth or other solid matter in a fine state of subdivision so that the particles are small enough and light enough to be easily raised and carried by the wind. Such dusts naturally are inhaled into the lungs and there set up reactions which may be extremely injurious. For instance, it is possible to be poisoned by lead dust, if a sufficient amount is taken into the lungs.

IT SEEMS TO ME By BROUN

DR. SIGMUND FREUD has written anew book which has not yet been published in this country, but, according to the press reports, the great man of Vienna has tried to tackle that sizable problem of what is wrong with life as it is lived by human beings. There is nothing particularly modern in the commodity which he names as necessary for happiness. The world, he says, needs love.. But Dr. Freud asserts that the familiar Christian doctrine of “Love thy neighbor as th3 r self,” is psychologically unsound. It is necessary, he fears, for man to hate somebody. He is quoted in the cables as saying, “that it is his belief that the Jews deserve considerable credit for absorbing or attracting the hate and aggressiveness of the Christians. thus enabling the Christians to get along fairly well together.” a a a Not by Love IT seems to me profoundly true that man does not live by love alone. During the war, Americans were more than usually kind to each other. Os course, this kindness did not include Socialists and pacifists and conscientious objectors. They were all lumped in with the Germans as miscreants—to be hated. Yet it Is true that the widow and the orphan received more generous treatment while the conflict was in progress. I am even prepared to believe that fewer men snapped sharply at office boys and waiters during the days of blood and bayonets. Each individual here at home took cut his daily ration of hate by reading the newspapers. It was quite easy to be at least polite to a neighbor as long as the national eagerness to hang the kaiser remained. Complete pacifists make a mistake in minimizing the courage, the gallantry, and the downright kindliness which existed back in 1917 and 1918. a a a Golden Age ALREADY some look back regretfully and almost feel that it was a golden age. Women who knitted socks and made bandages, under the high stress of benevolence and excitement, may be quite right in thinking that the piping days of peace have reduced them to a dull crabbedness. They are not happy now, these patriots, because there is no dramatic incentive to sacrifice. There was gallantry during the war, and courage and kindness. All these existed in precisely the same proportions as cruelty, hate and savagery. Emotionally, then, war is a pretty inefficient means of rousing man up to that nobility in which joy swims and has its being. When the drums begin to beat, we are caught up nnd march. r ' t 'ke one step forward and one backward. The right hand does

Hooked!

-DAILY HEALTH SERVICE-

There are, moreover, some substances in dust which are protein in character and to which the human being becomes sensitive, reacting with the symptoms of asthma. In the same way, arsenic, manganese, zinc and other metals may be volitalized and when inhaled into the body produce the symptoms of poisoning with those substances. In many instances dust will carry germs which could not otherwise be inhaled into the body. Wool sorter’s disease is a condition due to the inhaling of dust which carries the spores of the anthrax germ. This germ infects the lungs and the disease infrequently 1s not fatal. There are also molds which form on living substances, and in England there has been described a condition known as weaver’s cough, due to inhaling of molds of the type of milldew. The patient suffers with headache thirst, some fever, tiredness, and other symptoms of infection.

not know what the left hand doeth. The needles of salvage fly to repair the tatters tom by bayonets. In such things we love our country more than ever before. And the greatest patriot is the man who hates the enemy the most. tt tt tt A Stupid Game NOW. obviously, this is a game which can have no other end but stalemate. There can be no useful balance for mankind. Every possible profit in love is eaten away by an accompanying item of hate. But Dr. Freud ought to see a way out of this deadlock. Even though-we grant the fundamental and even reviving, nature .of hate, it .need, not be squandered on indecisive battlefields. Mari, under pressure, has the capacity to play fantastic and useful games. The flag, for instance, is an interesting example of the way in which humanity manages to make an inanimate thing take on the glory of personality and existence. It is by no means impassible to blare us all into active and heartwarming hatred against abstract ?vils. Don Quixote was not mad at all, but never saner in has life, when

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SHERMAN’S BIRTH Feb. 8

ON Feb. 8, 1820, William Tecumseh Sherman, one of the great generals of the Civil war, was bom at Lancaster, O. Upon the death of his father, who was a judge of the supreme court of Ohio, Sherman was adopted by Thomas Ewing, who became a United States senator and member of the national cabinet. Later Sherman married Ewing's daughter. Sherman began his military career at West Point at the age of 16. Graduating near the head of his class, he first saw service in Florida against the Seminoles. He resigned from the army in 1853 to enter the banking business, but when volunteers were called at the outbreak of the Civil war, he joined the Union forces. Appointed a colonel, Sherman •soon lost his command by making what was considered a rash suggestion for the Kentucky campaign. He later regained his prestige and rank by courageous and successful encounters with the Confederates. Assembling his three armies near Chattanooga, Sherman began his famous invasion of Georgia. After capturing Atlanta, he made his celebrated “march to the sea” from that city to Savannah, thus severing the Confederate government from its western states. When Grant became President, Sherman was promoted to full generalship. .

In working in malt houses, in tea factories and in tobacco factories, dusts frequently are inhaled which Irritate the lungs, producing serious changes. In a survey of occupational dusts Dr. John C. Bridge, medical inspector of factories for Great Britain, points out that the prevention of dusts which cause disease rests not with the medical profession, but with the workers themselves, and with the employers' and with the government departments of inspection. However, before engineers can unedrtake to solve these problems, the medical profession has to make certain that the dusts actually cause the diseases, and have to demonstrate the way in which they produce the changes. j . It can be taken for granted that any considerable quantities of dust of any kind in the air are harmful to health, and that means promptly should be adopted to suppress as much of the dust as possible.

Ideals and opinions expressed In this column are Ihose of one of America’s most Interesting writer* and are presented without rerard to their agreement or dlsagrrement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

he charged windmills and let poor, inoffensive giants quite alone. I’ve known people who hated censorship as much.as any sl-a-year man ever hated the kaiser. it m * Soak ’Em Again AND I hold that this was a useful hatred. Some of my cen-sor-hating friends might be quite unhappy if they succeeded in downing the ogre, but it looks as if their war will last them out at least another week-end. In fact, man may enlist in the endless fight against all kinds of bWeltJr— ag’aihsV 'prejudice, against •child labor, against the sweating of the poor and' unfortunate. There is no reason on eath why a city slum . need . not furnish a challenge just as stimulating as an enemy trench. And I wish it were possible to convince everybody that when we put a man in jail, we are not in Lhe least doing it for his good. We put an unfortunate in jail because we hate him, and as in the case of hoping to hang the kaiser, there is the double satisfaction of winning on hatred and pretending that the label which reads “righteous anger” is really not a counterfeit. tt M M Prohibitionists PROHIBITIONISTS are not in the least in favor of saving the American home. They love the chase and grow all hot and happy over the privilege of shooting down men in boats and clapping Volstead violators into jail. Nor can I pretend that I, myself, think of prohibition as a fearful thing. Nothing in years has made me so happy. I am much kinder, to all my friends and foes as well, since the Anti-Saloon League furnished me with something to hate by day and night. This is a war I can fight without sacrificing any part of my pacifist principles. Beyond me stretch years of excitement and of joy. You see, I’ve enlisted for duration.” (Copyright. 1930. for The Timesi

Daily Thought

Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart.— II Timothy 2:22. 0 0 0 So long as lust (whether of the world or flesh) smells sweet in our nostrils, so long are we loathsome to God.—Colton. In what year did Sarah Barnhardt appear in the stage version of “Madame X.” 1910. Is Taiwan a real person? Tarzan is a character in fiction. The stories were written by Edgar Ricd Burroughs.

FEB. 8, 1930

SCIENCE —By DAVID DIETZ ~

Key to Victory Over Scourge of Cancer May Lie in th\ Adrenal Glands. THE adrenal glands, two little* flattened yellowish-brown bodies each about two-inche long, which occur above the kidneys—one * above each kidney—may prove to be the key to victory over cancer. Recent researches by medical men In New York and San Francisco seem to indicate that an extract prepared from these gland* may prove an effective weapon for cancer. It is too early to speak with certainty and false hopes must not be built up on the basts of what has been accomplished so far. But the medical profession is watching developments with the greatest of interest. Dr. Boris Sokoloff, a Russian scientist. while working at the Insti- * tute of Cancer Research of Columbia university, develojied a method for treating cancers in animals with a preparation consisting of a mixture of an extract from the outer layer or cortex of the adrenal gland, an iron salt, and an organic dye known as pyrrol blue. Dr. Sokoloff has not yet carried his researches to the stage where he considers it advisable to treat human beings by his methods. However, a report from San Francisco this week states that two physicians there used an extract of tire cortex of the adrenal glands to treat three patients in whom cancer hod gone so far that death was imminent. They reported that the patients have shown temporary improvement.

Connection DR. WALTER BERNARD COFFEY, chief surgeon of Southern Pacific hospital of San Francisco, and his assistant, Dr. John D. Humber, first used an extract of the adrenal gland to produce lowered blood pressure. They noted, so they reported to the San Francisco Pathologic Society, that it had a disintegrating effect upon a tumor in the same subject. This led them to the use of the extract In the three cases mentioned. The University of California 1* planning additional researches along these lines. The connection between cancer and the adrenal gland first occurred to Dr. Sokoloff when he noted that cancer victims always showed a fatty degeneration of the adrenal glands. Dr. Sokoloff described his experiments to this writer and others' during the recent convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Des Moines lowa. Dr. Sokoloff said that he had succeded in treating hundreds of cases of cancer in rats and mice but emphasized that he made no claim to having a cure for cancer in human beings. His theory was that in cancer the cells took on a different organization from that of the ordinary cells, demanding larger supplies of oxygen. He believed that the action of hi* preparation was to furnish the cancer cells with so much oxygen that they burnt themselves out of existence. The surrounding tissue, since they lacked this abnormal greed for oxygen, were unaffected by the preparation, he said. . tt m * Glands AT the same time that the University of California announces its intentions of continuing investigations in this field, announcement, Is made by the Washington university medical school of St. Louis that Dr. Sokoloff is to continue his in-, vestigations there in the laboratory* ■ of Professor Loeb. The adrenals have occupied the attention of medical Investigators for a number of years. Their exact function is not clearly understood. They are classed with the thyroid and other glands which pour their secretions directly Into the blood stream and therefore are known as the ductless glands. Removal of the adrenals from an->, imals causes death In about fortyeight hours. The adrenals are divided into two parts, an inner grayish part known as the medulla and an outer yellowish brown layer called the cortex. Degeneration of the cortex causes a disease in human beings known as Addison’s disease, which is char- - acterized by discoloration of the skin. Dr. J. M. Rogoff of the Western Reserve university medical school Cleveland, has succeeded in preparing an extract from the cortex of the adrenals, which It is thought may prove a treatment for Addison’s disease. Another extract, prepared from the medulla of the adrenals, is used frequently by the medical profession. It is called adrenaline or epinephrine. It is a powerful stimulant and is used with success in--cases of surgical shock. Adrenalin increases the action of the sympathetic nervous system and increases the blood pressure and the < pulse rate. Who owns the Graf Zeppelin? How much did it cost to build It and how was it financed? The Graf Zeppelin is the property of the Zeppelin Airship Works at Friodrichshafen, Germany. A larg© popular subscription fund, known as the 'Zeppelin Eckener Spends” was opened throughout Germany by Dr. Eckener in the autumn of 1925 Most of the money was collected In the orm of small coins in boxes carried round on the streets, in theaters and other public places By the end of 1926 mere than 2,000,000 marks had been obtained. The Graf Zeppelin cost $1,000,000 and is said to have been paid for entirely by the German people. 1" * ow m * n T world aeries have the New York Yankees baseba&f team participated? Six. They were defeated by the New York Giants in 1921 and 1922, and by the 6t. Louis Cardinals In - 1926. They defeated the New York Giants in 1923, the Pittsburgh Pirate in 1927 and the St. Louis Ordinals in 1928.