Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 201, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 January 1930 — Page 4

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For the Glory of God Does a good end justify admittedly reprehensible means in obtaining the desired goal? Are lies and misreprseentations sanctified if employed in advancing what is believed to be a laudable cause? These are issues which have provoked the most lively debate for many centuries. They are brought sharply to the for e in the present case of the proprietors of the Dunster House Bookshop in Cambridge. Mass., condemned for having sold a copy of D. H. Lawrence's "Lady Chatterly’s Lover” to an investigator for the Watch and Ward Society of Boston. This investigator admitted that the bookshop was not offering the book for general sale to the public, that it could be obtained only upon special order, and that false names, false statements and general deception were employed to induce the shop to order the book. The order and sale of the book was alleged by the Watch and Ward Society to be a criminal act. Therefore, by its own admission, the society was guilty not only of overt dishonesty, but also of conspiracy, to induce commission of a crime. It ia admitted pretty generally among reasonable men that good faith, honesty, integrity, and fair play are among the very foundations of civilized society. Yet the Watch and Ward Society apparently believed that 6uch 6acred principles as these might be lightly sacrificed so a dubious conception of public morals might be perpetuated. It reminds one of the boy who pointed to the elephant in the circus parade with lusty curses and was reprimanded by his mother for pointing. Moralists of the color of the Watch and Ward Society are particularly solicitous about the sanctity of a signature and the precision of names in cases where their interpretation of morals is involved. They would pounce with delight upon a man who violated the famous "true name bill” of Massachusetts by registering at a Boston hotel under a false name with a woman presumably not his wife. Still further, the whole practice of snooping to detect a possible crime may be called into question. It smatters of the old maid who asked for the arrest of a man alleged to be disrobing before a window without drawing the curtain. The maiden lady admitted that she had detected the atrocious misdemeanor with the aid of field glasses. The Watch and Ward Society has gone one step further. It has snooped and lied so it might incite a man to commit a crime. Few fair-minded men will doubt that the society deserved the severe castigation which they received at the hands of the judge, the district attorney and the counsel for the defense. That It will profit by this censure may be doubted from a knowledge of the past oehavior of the society. Arms and the President "In one breath” remarks the Army and Navy Journal, “the President speaks of the importance of national defens*?, and in another of the great cost to the taxpayer. "It causes one to wonder.” the service paper adds, “where he does stand on this important issue. It seems to us that what the President means is as plain as a pikestaff. There is not the slightest inconsistency in his attitude. As long as the menace of war remains, the President warns us, we must dig down and pay for our national defense until it hurts. Ar, long as the world io geared up as it is now. no penny of the taxpayers’ money is better spent than that which goes to keep the enemy from our shores. But, he says in effect, if we use the intelligence with which God endowed us, we will do everything we can to lessen the danger of war. Every step in that direction will mean a saving to us in dollars and cents. Os the $3,830,000,000 called for in our last budget, more than $2,733,000,000 will be used to pay off debts incurred in past wars and to drfend us in future wars. Only a little more than $1,000,000,009 will be needed to pay the ordinary expenses of government —good roads, schools, wages, and so on. The big saving obviously is to be made by doing away with war—if we can—or as nearly that as we can manage. While the national defense is our most important duty—as long as the world situation makes it necessary—the biggest money proposition our government can indulge in is . . . world peace. That is all the President meant. Alcoholic Content of Human Rights Whatever one’s views on prohibition, there can be no doubt that the administration of the present system has produced marked invasions of what have been regarded as basic rights of the American citizen. Killings by prohibition officers have become notorious. It has been remarked rightly that in some sections the possession of a bottle of beer apparently is a more serious crime than homicide. Not a few clergymen and prohibition enthusiasts have demanded the death penalty for violation of the eighteenth amendment and its supporting legislation. The Bdhisey case in lowa called our attention sharply to the manner in which the enforcement of prohibition may invade the security of the home against forcible and illegal search. These invasions rarely drop suddenly from the blue sky. Partial precedents and warnings of what maycome usually can be found by the alert student of history. The special position of alcohol in voiding the proud claim that a man's house is his castle may b detected in our previous legal relations with the American Indians. Pot example, the constitution of the Choctaw nation of Oklahoma, drafted in 1860 with the approval of federal authorities, makes the following provision as to immunity from illegal search (Article 1, Section 10): "The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions from unreasonable seizures and searches, and no warrant to search any place or to seize any person or thing shall issue, without describing the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized as nearly as may be, nor without probable cause supported by oath of affirmation.” That is the language of the fourth amendment. But—the paragraph then continues: “In all cases where suspicion rests on any person or persons of conveying or secreting whisky or other intoxicating liquors, the same shall be liable to search or seizure as may be hereafter provided by law.” Before the Civil war. then, federal officials were accepting the position that human rights were one thing when alcoholic beverages were not involved and quite another when liquor was an issue. It probably will be contended that the notorious

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPPS-HOff AKI) NEWSPAPER) Owned and j nb!i*hed daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. VI 4- IVO Went Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marlon County, s'cents a copy ; elsewhere, 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY~ ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK O. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley 5551 WEDNESDAY. JAN. 1. 1930. Member of United Press, Scripps-lloward Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

incapacity if the Indians to withstand the ravages of alcohol justified the suspension of even so basic a right as the immunity to search without warrant and oath. Today, however, we find state and federal officials ready to apply to all men a policy which normally was adopted to protect one race against a special weakness. Getting Warm for Governor Young It has been the stock argument of those opposed • o the release of Mooney and Billings that no "good people” want them freed. The campaign for their pardon is alleged to be nothing more than noisy propaganda engineered by a few “reds.” This dodge has received a rude shock from an ope nletter to Governor Young by Murphy McHenry, editor of the San Luis Obispo Daily Telegram. From this it appears that Governor Young handed over to his private secretary, Charles Whitmore, the task of examining the evidence in the Mooney-Billings case ajid of making a report to the Governor. The public was not told of the nature of Whitmore’s report, but Editor McHenry had a talk with Whitmore, now state building and loan commissioner of California. According to McHenry, Whitmore said to him: "I can not understand why Governor Young does not act. Mooney deserves to be pardoned, and I told him (the Governor) so. I do not understand why the Governor continues to delay.” But the Governor not only delays. He has evaded his responsibility by passing the buck to the state pardon board, which likewise is procrastinating and dodging the issue. Editor McHenry talks straight to the Governor in his open letter: "You turned the case over to your former secretary, Charles Whitmore, with the public announcement that he would investigate the true facts and that you then would make your decision. Whitmore made his investigation and reported to you. But did you tell your constituents his conclusions? You did not! "Now you have again passed the buck, shifting the burden to the parole board. It is just another delay—just another reason why the people of California are beginning to wonder what is wrong.” The Governor will not find it so easy to laugh this one off. In the words of Whitmore, we have plain talk by an eminently respectable California public servant. He was a distinguished member of the Governor’s official family. It will be hard to fasten on him the taint of radical inspiration. The Menace of Checkers The city of La Crosse, in Wisconsin, seems to be somewhat like the city of Lynn, Mass., that is, it evidently has a mayor who is fond of making unusual and peculiar rules for the guidance of his fellow citizens. Lynn's mayor, you will remember, passed all kinds of edicts regarding the length of women’s skirts and the like. Now the mayor of La Crosse—if press dispatches are to be believed—announces that checkers must not be played in public places. He has been nourishing a campaign against gambling, and he says that checkers is potentially as bad a game as craps. Hence—no more checkers in public. This is the first time we have heard that the playing of checkers could be an evil and immoral pastime. The people of La Crosse now know just how the people of Lynn have been feeling.

| REASON

r jpHE average man who drives a car doesn't mind in 1 the least any of the inconvenience caused by big now, he can even emerge with complacency after oeing in a drift for several days, but the thing that simply breaks his heart is the thought that the trucks are not able to move. tt it tt That was a fine Christmas present for Commander Byrd to make him a rear admiral. Still it seems inappropriate in a way, for he has never been in the rear. He is one boy who always has been away out in front. a u a And now the lawyers for Pantages, the millionaire theater owner, tell the world that he surely will perish from heart failure if he is detained in jail much longer. The poor manage to keep their health fairly well in the courtroom and behind the bars, but it just naturally knocks all of the props out from under the rich. tt tt a NATIONS, like people, are inconsistent. For instance, Japan complains because we exclude her laborers, while she hands the same kind of an exclusion law to the Chinese, and there's Russia who complains because we do not recognize her, yet she refuses to recognize Santa Claus. a tt tt Miss Sunny Jarmann, New York actress, who has just been married in London to a member of the king's royal horse guards will soon find that it costs more to keep two than one. B tt tt The cause of prohibition enforcement appears to be doing remarkably well during the holidays, considering that Secretary Mellon, the militant dry crusader, is cruising in the West Indies. tt tt tt New York City tested a chemical snow remover on Fifth avenue and found that two tons of it. costing S6O, melted the snow, thus doing the work of thousands of men. But the chemical probably will not be adopted, for it can not vufe. a b a FRITZ VON OPEL. German motor expert, predicts that within ten years airplanes driven by fluid rockets will go from one place to another at a speed of 2.000 miles an hour. This would be wonderful, but it would be more wonderful still for some genius to invent something which would make a person satisfied to stay in one place for an hour. a a a Senator Arthur R. Gould, multi-millionaire lumber man. railroad owner and public utility magnate, announces that he will retire from public life, all of which will be a great blow to the cause of the common people at Washington. tt St it He would not go very far to look at the prince of Wales, but he would walk a mile to gaze upon Matt Dinan, extensive real estate owner of South Bend, who last year gave tenants who had lived in his houses thirty years rent free for the rest of their lives, and who has just announced a 15 per cent reduction in rents for the rest of the tenants.

FREDERICK By LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

If People Bought Only What T h ey A dually Needed There Would Be Work for Very Few. QOME people can't think beyond the end of their noses. If It happens to be raining, you can depend on them to bet that -he sun never will shine again, or if the sun happens to be shining they are ready to prophesy a drouth. They are the ones who bought margins last summer, believing that the bubble never could burst. Now they are sure the country is going to perdition, if it hasn't already gone. They can’t see anything right in the picture today, just as they couldn’t see anything wrong in it three months ago. tt m a Having been disillusioned with regard to gambling, these people think they have been disillusioned with regard to everything. To let them tell it, not only Wall Street, but the whole industrial structure, is rotten—too much extravagance. too much installment buying, too many luxuries—and what the country needs is reform. Moralists of every description join the chorus, calling for a general application of brakes. o tt tt Some of It Is True NOR can all of it be dismissed as josh. Asa people, we throw away coo much and do not always buy with discretion. But the industrial structure has been tuned to fit our habits, as well as our needs. Asa matter of fact, no such structure could have been developed without such habits to back it up. Prosperity, as we call it, depends on something besides what is essential. If people only bought what they actually needed, there would be work for very few. tt tt tt Alexander Hamilton once estimated that the labor of four persons was sufficient to provide 100 with the sheer necessities of life. In spite of machinery and mass production, that ratio probably remains true, since the number of necessities has increased greatly. But the important point is that necessities never did and never will provide general employment. More than that, they never did and never will provide for progress When you come to think of it, the demand for luxury, creature comforts, and entertainment has not only carried the world forward, but enabled it, to pay its way. tt tt a Income Ninety Billions AT present, the aggregate annual income of the American people is estimated at ninety billion dollars. It takes ten or fifteen billion to run the automobiles, and three or four billions for theaters, baseball, and amusement parks. Then there is the candy, cosmetic and . jewelry bill. Among other things, we have 5,000 or 6,000 golf clubs, with a million or more members. By eliminating these and other similar items, you easily could prove that the necessities of life—food, shelter, clothing, heat and light—account for a comparatively small portion of the ninety billion income. tt it People can not stand still and be prosperous. Wealth, progress and civilization are rooted in movement. We must consume more than we need, not only to give people work, but to give them the opportunitv to share the benefit of new dis coveries and new inventions. There is no danger in consumption per se. The only danger lie; in the possibility of developing a wrong sense of value. tt tt it It’s Good for Us BY and large, American consumption is not unwholesome in this respect. Admitting that 90 per cent of our automobiles are driven for pleasure, what great harm does it do? On the other hand, is it not a healthy, and perhaps, an educational form of recreation? Admitting that we have bought millions of victrolas and radio sets —mostly on the installment plan—how does it threaten our morals? Certainly these Instruments have helped to keep young people at home, which is desirable, and certainly that represents an improvement over some of the mid-Victorian devices, such as the saloon and the poolroom. We could stand more classical music perhaps and a better grade of literature. So, too. it might be well for us to put more of our money into substantial art. But, conceding all that, we mast avoid the foolish idea that our industrial structure could be shriveled to the production of necessities, or that prosperity can be based upon anything but the consumDtion of many things which we really do not need. j Daily Thought Thon hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased.—Psalms 4:7. a a tt Nations and men are only the best when they are the gladdest, and deserve heaven when they enjoy it.—Richter. What is the largest circus in the United States? The largest is Ringling Brothers Bnd Bamum & Bailey Combined Shows. Other large circuses are the A1 G. Barnes. Hagenbeck-Wallace John Robinson and Sell?-Floto circuses. When will the next World’s Fair be held in the United States? It is scheduled for Chicago In 1933.

Speaking of New Year Resolutions

•RESOLVED- JKggffife JO THAT IU NEVE* Mw™tSMATOR \ ATTEND ANY PQESN. X? JTg r ;/ / y LofifiS? - movement m V a-i ——' or SOLVLD>4 THAT THIS LITTLE. Ys\ WNW f?llow vmi always.Bt \ j#) PESQIVED- gj 7*M]3y

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Influenza Isolation Is Hard Task

This is the first of two articles by Dr. Morris Fishbein dealing with the symptoms. causes and prevention of influenza. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. TN 1892 a bacteriologist-' named Pfeiffer described a germ which he thought was the caasative organism of influenza. At various intervals since that, time other organisms have been described, also alleged to be causative and the bacteriologists continue to debate the question as to the exact nature of the influenza germ. Modifications of the Pfieffer organisms have been described every yeai- associated with various coughs, colds and similar infections of the nose ancl throat. It Is emphasized that the types of germ described as Pfeiffer organisms do not constitute in any instance a unit,. They are not uniform

Here Are Some Puzzlers and Their Answers

How long does the English parliament stay in session? The statutory limit of the duration of any parliament in England is five years, after which time an election must, be held: but, in practice elections in England usually occur much more frequently, and result from the government majority in parliament begin overturned. The annual sessions of parliament formerly extended from the middle of February to about the middle of August, and only occasionally later, but since 1.14 the sittings have been interrupted only by comparatively short intervals. Every session must end with a prorogation, and all bills which have not been passed during the session then lapse. A dissolution of parliament and anew election may occur by will of the soverign, or as its most usual, during the recess, by proclamation, or finally by the lapse of five years time. Did Charlotta King, who sings the leading female role in the movie version of “The Desert Song,” have stage experience before she entered the movie field? She had about eight years’ stage experience before she was assigned the leading female role in “The Desert Song.” One of the Warner Brothers heard her sing over the radio and then engaged her. What are the five largest zoos in the United States, and the largest in the world? The largest zoological park in the world is in London, England. The second largest is in the Bronx, New York. The five next largest in the United States are in St. Louis, Mo.; Boston, Mass.; Philadelphia, Pa., and the National Zoological park. Washington, D. C. How is the telechron clock operated? The motive power is a small selfstarting motor running in exact synchronization with a central station A. C. generator. A telechron will not operate on direct current, nor will it keep correct time on an unregulated alternating curent service, but many power companies are holding their frequency so close that the instantaneous error is never great. Telechrons are connected to electric outlets in exactly the same manner as any other electric device. What sort of diamonds axe used in drills? Diamonds that have little brilliancy and are therefore useless as gems. They are commonly called borto, carbons or carbonadoes. . What is the largest lake in Africa? Victoria lake, or Victoria Nyanza, which is the second largest body of fresh water in the world, and covers an area of approximately 27,000 square miles, and is situated about 3,800 feet above sea level. What is manslaughter? The unlawful killing of another without malice, either express or implied. With what astrophysics and biophysics deal? Physics is the science that treats of matter, especially in its relation

in distribution or in the way in which they bring about disease. During the last great epidemic of 1918, organisms were recovered from thousands of cases all over the world, and there is no evidence that uniformity exists, even in the many tyues of organisms associated with that epidemic. In attempts to discover and definitely to identify the influenza germ, experiments have been made with human beings who voluntarily submitted themselves to inoculation with pure cultures of the various germs that have been isolated. The earliest definite report of successful human inoculation with pure culture of the Pfeiffer organism is that recorded by Dr. D. J. Davis in Chicago in 1906. However, Doctor Davis pointed out at the time that while the Pfeiffer germ may produce definite symptoms on inoculation into human beings, the symptoms produced are not. those of true influenza.

to energy, and the laws governing these phenomena. Astrophysics treats of these physical attributes of the stars. Biophysics is the physical science of living organisms. What countries belong to the PanAmerican Union? Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Gautemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela. Was Napoleon Bonaparte the first emperor of France? By whom was he succeeded? He was the first emperor and was succeeded in 1814 by Louis XVIII of the House of Bourbon. How wide is the English channel? The average width is seventy miles. The greatest width, 140 miles, is between Sidmouth and SaintMalo. What Is the present value of the French franc. Approximately $.0392, When was the Volstead act passed by co ogress and when did it go into effect? It was passed by congress Oct. 28, 1919, and became effective Jan. 16, 1920. Is the story of “Taiwan of the Apes” true? It is entirely fiction. What French king said “L Etat, ce moi,” and what does it mean? It is attributed to Louis XIV of France, and means “I am the state.” Who said “I have just begun to fight?” John Paul Jones. Who was the founder of the Holy Roman Empire? Charles the Great (Charlemagne).

Snakes There Is perhaps no subject in the realm of natural history or. which so much misinformation and superstition exists as that of snakes. The human race, possible as a result of racial memory from the time of prehistoric ancestors, has regarded snakes as its enemies. The story of the Garden of Eden makes the Tempter take the form of a snake-. Our Washington Bureau has prepared a bulletin full oi interesting and informative material, drawn from the best authorites on reptiles that tells all about snakes, the harmless, the harmful and the poisonous snakes, their habits, breeding and other interesting facts, myths and superstitions about snakes, treatment for snake bites, and so on. You will find the bulletin full of facts that you want to know about these reptiles. Fill out of the coupon below and send for it: CLIP COUPON HERE NATURAL HISTORY EDITOR, Washington Bureau. The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin SNAKES, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin or loose, uncanceled United States postage stamps, to cover postage and handling costs: NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code No.)

During the 1918 epidemic, volunteers were inoculated with thirteen different strains of organisms isolated from cases of influenza. All developed symptoms, but again it was shown that these symptoms were not the typical of epidemic influenza. Indeed, after surveying all of evidence of innumerable inoculations with all sorts of organisms taken from the nose and throats of people during epidemics. Professor E. O. Jordan concludes that it can not be definitely asserted that negative inoculation expe invents are not in themselves sufficient to rule out Pfeiffer's organism as the cause, since it is quite possible that there are some unknown factors influencing the likelihood of a person to catch influenza or associated with the way in which the organism transferred from one person to another. After death from influenza, no uniformity of kind or distribution of bacteria can be detected in the body.

When it Is 3 p. m. at Honolulu, Hawaii, what time is it in New Zealand? One p. m. the following day. Who got credit for winning the second game of the 1929 world series? George Earnshaw of the Athletics. Who wrote the poem “The Deserted Village?” Oliver Goldsmith. Is Duna the correct name of the river in Russia? Yes, although it is often called the Southern Dvina. What is a gigoio? In Paris the word is for a paid, male dancing partner. How many newsboys are there in the United States? According to the 1920 census there were 27,961. How fast can a torpedo go? The latest type are capable of speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour for 7,000 to 8,000 yards. From what are cameos made? They are onyx, sardonyx, agate or the like, or shell carved in relief, so as to show the design in a layer of one color with another color in background. Who wrate “The Man In the Iron Mask?” Alexander Dumas. What is the meaning of the name Petrovitch? It is a Slavic family name meaning "son of Peter?” What are the real names of Richard Barthelmess and Conrafi Nagel? Both use their real names on the screen. Was there any leap year between 1896 and 1904? No.

JTAN. 1, 193(|

SCIENCE By DAVID DIETZ

Discussion of Cause ai\m Ejjcci Arises Again to § found Philosophic With No Decision in Sight. \ N old philosophical argument threatens to rise anew in the very latest trappings of scientific and psychological language. It is the discussion over cause and effect. The discussion over the existence of free will and the operation of fate is as old as civilization. It is to be found in all early cultures. With the last fifty years there has been a greater and greater tendency to ascribe the workings of the whole universe to the operation of the law of cause and effect. At the close of the last century, for example, certain scientists were so sure that the law operated at all times and in all circumstances that they insisted that everything happening on the earth —including, of course, all human activity—had been fore-ordained when the material composing the earth was still a part of the white hot gases in the outer atmosphere of the sun. But lately, a number of physicists. basing their opinion on the Heisenberg law of uncertainty, have taken an opposite view. They go so far as to insist that the law of cause and effect does not operate at all and that what we have imagined to be evidences of the law are merely statistical averages of minute unpredictable phenomena. a tt tt Electron ACCORDING to the atomic theory, everything in the physical universe—the stars, the sun and earth, our own bodies —is composed of atoms which in turn are composed of electrons. Modern physical experiments are such that it is possible to measure either the velocity or the position of an electron, but it is impossible to measure both. Consequently, it is impossible to predict what any individual electron will do next. This is known as the Heisenberg law of uncertainty. Professor P. W. Bridgman of Harvard and many other physicists interpret this to mean that the nature of reality is such that an electron can not possess position and velocity simultaneously. Their point of view, difficult for the layman to grasp, is that nothing exists unless it can bo measured. They insist that It never will be possible to make measurements upon •which the behavior of an electron can be predicted, and since all physical phenomena start with electronic behavior, they hold that the law of cause and effect does not operate in this fundamental field. Professor Bridgman writes: “The same situation confronts the physicist everywhere; whenever he penetrates to the atomic or electronic levels in his analysts, he finds things acting in a way for which he can assign a cause, and for which the concept of cause has no meaning, if Heisenberg's principle is right. "This means nothing more or less than that the law of cause and effect must be given up.” tt tt ft Caution THE psychologists, however, are urging the physicists not to take Heisenberg’s law of uncertainty with quite so much gloom and solemnity. Prof. Albert P. Weiss, psychologist of Ohio State University, takes the point of view that the inability of a physicist to measure the position of an electron does not necessarily mean that the electron does not have a position. The average layman. of course, will side with Prof. Weiss in this. "Theoretical physics is the product of human interaction, it is not ‘reality’ beyond human behavior,” Prof. Weiss says. He also cautions the necessity of physicists remembering that their experiments have to be stated In terms of human perception. “The physical properties which are assigned to an electron depend on the physical, anatomical and physiological, properties of the physicist. He can not assign properties that do not act upon his sense organa. “This means that one limitation of the physicist’s definition of an electron is determined by his own sensori-motor structure and function. “In this sense, the electron Is the verbal invention, of some physicist. "This brings us into psychology.” And this. Prof. Weiss points out, is reason for the physicist to move cautiously in making generalizations. "There is very litle argreement among the psychologists themselves as to what is to be included under such terms as knowledge, consciousne, aswareness, etc.” he says.

yeggs*. DAY ’ IBjTMEdrmdrjjdr:

CUBA CEDED TO U. S. Jan. 1 ON Jan. 1, 1889, Spain ceded Cuba to the United States. Although American military forces “ruled” Cuba for thr next three years, the great majority of offices were filled by Cubans. Very much was done for public works, sanitation, ’he reform of administration, civil service and education Cuba became a republic in 1902 and the first congress met May 5 of that year, took over the government from the American military authorities on May 20. Tomas Estrada Palma became the first president. Today also is the anniversary of the first mail delivery from New York to Boston, on Jan. 1. 1673. And Jan. 1, 1735, is the anniversary of the birth of Paul Revere. From what book was the motion picture, “Mother Knows Bent,’* adapted? From a novel by the same naxnft. written by Edna Faoer.