Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 192, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 December 1929 — Page 4

PAGE 4

s r * i e e 1 ~ ft o*v aAD

Adding-Machine Justice Even our judges in the criminal courts are becoming disgusted with the "llfe-for-a-pint” laws and , other similar absurdities of the habitual criminal acts. Speaking before a meeting of the state crime commission of Michigan at Grand Rapids, Judge Leonard D. Verdier denounced the whole innovation as "add-ing-machine justice" and "phonograph sentencing.” Such talk indicates some urgings of good sense in our Judiciary. It offers some promise of relief from the hysterical school of criminology which has captured many of our legislatures in the last few years. Having for a century failed to make any significant improvements in a thoroughly bad way of dealing with criminals, we have come face to face with a crisis in crime control. As usual, we have taken refuge in the ‘ great political superstition” and have resorted to direct legislative remedies. Severe punishments having proved ineffective in repressing crime in the past, we presume to remedy the deficiency by making the penalties more drastic. The results have been exactly what might have been expected from the lessons of the past and the well-known facts in the situation. Longer terms have led to a piling up of prison papulation, to provoking unrest among the inmates, to encouraging degeneracy and incorrigibility, and to incitement of riots and mutinies. While the legislators, for the most part, rest content in their "dogmatic slumbers,” many judges are beginning to see the light. Some even are arguing for abandonment c" the keystone of the whole arch of conventional criminal jurisprudence; namely, that the purpose of the criminal law and the function of the sentencing judge is to make punishment precisely fit a given crime. They are coming to recognize that this procedure must be supplanted by an attempt to obtain a type of treatment to fit an individual criminal for freedom. At the same session of the Michigan crime commission, Judge Clark E. Higbee argued forcefully for an approach to the problem of crime repression along the lines of eugenics and psychiatry. He pointed out the fact that crime increase has been greatest in those States which have relied most upon judicial savagery and least in those which have made the greatest progress in applying science to the treatment of criminals. Legate vs. Barnes The case of the farmer long has been an outstanding national problem. The last, three presidential campaigns had the question for a principal issue. But after this decade of indecision, a farm relief program finally was enacted. A farm board was set up, supplied with government funds, to foster, advise and finance co-operative organizations of farmers. This machinery would control marketing, distribution and, to a certain extent, production, and, through these, influence the price received by the farmer. These co-operatives were to handle the bulk of the various son products. Almost at the beginning of its labors, the farm board has encountered trouble. The successful accomplishment of its task means something of a revolution. Inevitably, some private enterprise will suffer. Grain dealers, speculators and exporters will be displaced to a degree if the board’s project for a master grain co-operative to handle 30 per cent of the wheat cron is successful. The same thing will happen to some middlemen dealing in other commodities. A controversy has developed, between Alexander Legge, chairman of the farm board, and Julius Barnes, a director of the United States Chamber of Commerce—and a wheat exporter. The chamber has issued a statement which, altogether carefully phrased, in effect Is an attack on the board’s policies. Someone seems to have aligned the chamber with the grain dealers and speculators, who, threatened with loss of profit, are beginning to howl. The controversy is complicated, but the fundamental issue is made clear in letters Chairman Legge has written to the chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, and others. Says he. "as we understand the agricultural marketing act, the main purpose is to build up farmer-owned and farmer-controlled co-op-erative organizations, to the end that the farmer may exert a greater influence in marketing his products.” And in another letter: "While the changes In the agricultural marketing program may necessitate some adjustments on the part of some of those now dealing in agricultural commodities, any improvement in the return to the farmer can not prove other than helpful to the other industries of the nation.” And further: "The board has given public assurance on several occasions, and does not hesitate to reiterate .it now, that it welcomes any responsible person’s views at any time, but this of course, can not be interpreted as obligating the board to submit its proposals to any particular group before action.” The farm board and its chairman, it would seem, have determined what their assignment is, and intend to go through with it. If certain individuals and groups suffer in the process of improving the condition of agriculture and the country generally, it is unfortunate —but necessary for the greater good. The farm problem must be solved, and it can’t be solved by docking it. Chairman Legge and his colleagues are to be commended for facing it squarely. The Dry Farce Once more either the impractical or the farcical method of enforcement of prohibition becomes apparent. Those who believed in the noble experiment and who had hope that the present administration would be effective in enforcement of the law are undoubtedly perplexed as they wait developments of the raid of ten days ago in Clinton county when an industry of trust proportions was uncovered. The dry raid disclosed the fact that a still with a capacity of 880 gallons of whisky a day had been in operation for some time in this state. The machinery required, so officials estimated, had cost someone about 530.000. That investment compares most favorably with that of any other enterprise in that part of the state. The officials took charge of five tons of sugar being delivered as the raw materials for one day’s operation. There were arrested two sleeping employes, said to draw small wages, and the drivers of the trucks who were delivering the raw materials. A dally output of 880 gallons, even at wholesale prices, brings in tremendous sums of money during a month. v t It Is most evident that the sleeping youths and

The Indianapolis Times <A SCBIPPS-HOWAKD* NEWSPAPER) OwD*d and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publlsbina Cos 214 220 '.Veat Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind Price In Marion County, 1 2 cent* a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents-delivered by carrier. 12 centa a week. B °YD GURLix r.or tv. HOWARD. KUANK G. MORRISON, K,3ltor President Business Manager PHONE—Bliey 5551 SATURDAY, DEC. 21. 1929, Member of I nlted Press, Scripps-Howard Newspapei Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Nation. .Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

the drivers did not own the still and had no resources with which to purchase the daily quota of five tons of sugar. Behind the enterprise were other men. The distribution of the output must have been highly organized and comparatively safe since no one was caught who participated in that part of the enterprise. It should have required but little detective ability ; or leg work to discover who made the purchase of the ; machinery which had been installed. It should require but little effort to disclose the | real purchaser of sugar in five-ton lots. It should require but small acumen In lnvestiga- j tion to discover the men who are reaping the huge rewards from this outlaw industry. The dry laws will always be a farce as long as those who profit largely from the industry are apparently safe from punishment and the only arrests the unimportant cogs of the organization required to operate. The grave factor in the situation is the disrespect for law and authority which is bred by the apparent inability or disinclination of the government to reach the big fellows. That dry Indiana houses even one industry of this size without protest suggests a lamentable lack of interest on the part of officials. The people who vote dry at election may some day begin to ask lor reasons and explanations. The Lobby Racket Edwin P. Shattuck thinks it a pity that the President’s name is being bandied about in connection with the sugar lobby. So say we all. But it is a greater pity that the lobbyists didn’t have this bright idea before they started trying to capitalize acquaintance with the President. Shattuck is the lawyer hired by Herbert C. Lakin, president of the Cuba company, because of his alleged White House influence. The senate lobby investigation committee has a sheaf of Lakin’s letters, boasting of Shattuck’s alleged contacts with the President on the sugar tariff. Now Shattuck denies to the committee that he ever discussed the subject with Hoover. The committee is doing a good job in throwing light on the activities and pretentions of the Lakins and Shattucks. Before it gets through, congress and the country should have a pretty clear Idea of what | lobbies are and why and how they operate. Just how one common variety of lobbyist operates is revealed by the committee’s p •'ary report to the senate yesterday on those unding organizations, the Southern Tariff A- ton, the American Taxpayers’ League and the National Council of State Legislators. These are the organizations—or. rather, the names—under which J. A. Arnold collected more than a million dollars for lobbying purposes from supposedly intelligent American business men. Those easy business men. who thought they were getting something for their money, will be surprised to leam from the committee’s report that these three and "kindred reputed organizations" are "aliases” under which Arnold operated, “ostensibly to influence congressional legislation, but in fact for the purpose of making a living for himself and a small group associated with him.” After describing the activities of Arnold and his so-called organizations as "reprehensible in the highest degree, even though no specific statute, penal in nature, may have been violated,” the committee made the obvious recommendation that this is the "type of lobbying against which the public ought to be protected by appropriate legislation.” We seem to recall sundry loud criticism from interested groups that the senate is “investigating the country to death.” A more accurate description of the situation is that, the senate committee is about to investigate the 1 lobby racket to death.

REASON

SOME friends of President Hoover complain because a cartoon of him, drawn by a Washington artist, \ was placed on display in a Washington art exhibit, but the President has shown more sense by laughing it off and expressing a desire to see the picture. a a a These friends should regard their distinguished fellow citizen as very fortunate, so far as lampooning is concerned, in fact the most fortunate President of modern times, for he has borne a charmed life up to date, having glided along almost untouched in this, the greatest era of political good feeling since the days of James Monroe. a it it . That the people should feel free to make merry v ith their chief executive may not be in harmony with that awe which serves to shield the royal ruler, but it always has appeared to be an incident, inseparable from the attitude of the American, for since the days of Washington, he has found unending delight in discussing the occupant of the White House as informally as if he were a next door neighbor. tt tt tt WASHINGTON’S dignity was of no avail in protecting him from the most savage assaults of political opponents, and while we, of this distant time, regard him as our nearest approach to a Greek god on account of his indispensable and unselfish service, his contemporaries frequently assailed him w r ith a viciousness which now seems unbelievable. In fact, when he put aside the presidency and retired to Mt. Vernon, one implacable newspaper foe congratulated the country that “the menace had passed from public life.” a a a After him, Adams, Jefferson and Jackson drew the galling fire of the opposition, Jefferson being denounced as a revolutionist and an infidel, neither of which he came within a thousand miles of being, while Old Hickory was in constant turmoil and under endless abuse, not only from opposing voters, but from the senate of the United States. a a a LINCOLN suffered most, the cartoonists pausing at nothing which could inflame the country against him. many of their pictured libels being unspeakably cruel and constituting treason against the one who was engaged for four long years in fighting an enemy in front and numerous traitors in the rear. a a a The animosity of foreign foes was constantly fired bv English and French cartoonists, the worst of those being the artist of Punch, the London funny sheet, whose pen continued to drip venom imtil Lincoln's assassination, when the offender crawled in repentance to that gTeat man's bier and tendered apology in an eloquent poem. tt r tt YOU will recall the horrible pictures drawn of McKinley, the same being regarded as possibly having aided in prompting his assassination, w-hile Roosevelt awoke an avaiance of cartoons, his teeth and his alleged militaristic spirit causing pictured slander to work night and day.

FREDERICK By LANDIS

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

You Still Can Depend on Old Man Weather to Play a Prominent Part in the News. WOMEN, crime and scandal gradually are giving place to sport, politics, industry and science in the news, according to Karl A. Bickel, who. as head of the United Press, should know what he is talking about. There are several explanations for the change, such as the growth of organized business, the revolutionizing effect of Inventions and the general increase of intelligence, but when all is said and done such institutions a* the United Press deserve some of the credit. These institutions, covering as they do practically all the civilized world, and portraying the really big events, make it unnecessary for people to feed on the trivialities and trash they once thought essential. * * * In the beginning, newspapers were little more than enlarged editions of neighborhood gossip and local politics. To all intents and purposes they supplanted the ladies’ aid society, the grocery group and the village ring. Shut off from the outside world, but compelled to make an impression to survive, they ran to freaks fads and follies. Misfortune, whether caused by sickness, accident or crime, was their chief stock in trade, and publicity seekers were more than welcome because of the free copy they supplied. Like everything else, Journalism had to work its way up through the stew and mistakes of immaturity. a * The Weather Stays THERE is one old standby of the news which Mr. Bickel failed to mention, and which not only plays just as prominent a part today as it did fifty years ago, but will continue to do so. That is the weather. You can’t keep weather off the front page, especially when nature snaps her finger. Whether it is ships wrecked in a fog, people frozen to death in Peiping, heavy wraps in Havana because of cold showers, a sleet storm such as has just swept northern New York, or such storms in the midwest as have broken down the air mail service for a week, you can depend on old man weather to play his part as a source of news. n m n One thing that makes weather so interesting is the fact that we don’t have to worry about changing, reforming. or punishing it. Thousands of years of experience have taught us that no matter how bad it is. or how ruthlessly it upsets our plans, there isn’t one thing we can do. The weather leaves no room for anti-saloon leagues, associations against prohibition, lobbying at Washington, jobs for lame ducks, or crusades. Weather is news, nothing but. This Generation Wiser SOME day, perhaps, science will discover means of tinkering with the weather, and then It will fall into that category of troubles which cease i to be interesting because they offer so much opportunity for preachers, politicians and self-constituted purveyors of human welfare. You know how hard it Is to enjoy a story when you constantly are wondering what kind of movement it was designed to promote, or how much it will cost you by way of! increased taxes, not because of the loss involved, but because of the remedy some nincompoop is bound to propose. * n m When our grandfathers read of a neighbor carried home drunk, or a ruckus in the village saloon, or children starved to death because of the money that went for booze, they never guessed that the basis was being laid for an eighteenth amendment to the Constitution. When our fathers saw the first flivvers they never suspected that they were beholding the forerunner of a traffic system which would turn half the cops into semaphores, and give the criminal the greatest run for his money he ever enjoyed. This generation is wiser. It has seen too many plots form and thicken not to be suspicious. That is why the weather appeals to it as a source of news. # lt J s Universal ANOTHER thing about weather is its universality. Though expressing itself in different forms, perhaps, it can not be regarded as a local institution. In earlier days, people believed that its vagaries could be traced to minor causes, like the Gulf stream, the Great Lakes and the Rocky mountains. Then they blamed the moon for it. Now they have gotten as far as ; sun spots. Eventually they may : conclude that it depends on combinations of cosmic forces. The weather, when you come to think of it, is a broadening subject, which adds to its news appeal.

Questions and Answers

What is the value of a 2-cent violet “Landing of Columbus” postage stamp of the 1893 issue? It is cataloged at 1 cent if canceled, and 10 cents if uncanceled. Is the New York Herald still being issued? The old New York Herald, established in 1835, has been combined with the Tribune, and is now known as the New York Herald-Tribune. Is Ruth Roland now placing in the movies? Is she married? She will soon return to the screen in a film version of Cornelius Vanderbilt Jr's, book, “Reno.” Her last appearance was in 1927 in “The Masked Woman.” She is married to Befi Bard who is playing in vaudeville.

Milk Is ‘Nearly Perfect’ Food

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Urcela, the Health Maxaiine. AGAIN and again nutrition experts emphasize that milk is the most nearly perfect food. Consequently the director of the American Child Health association, Dr. Samuel J. Crumbine, has co-oper-ated with James A. Tobey to present all that scientific medicine now knows or believes concerning mlik as a factor in the human diet. Milk today is not what it used to be. It used to come directly from the cow without any attention to straining, pasteurization or refrigeration, and not infrequently carried with it as much disease as nutrition. Nowadays the regulations thrown about the pasteurization of milk make it as safe as any food which

IT SEEMS TO ME

WHEN they tear the New York Hippodrome down and start a skyscraper in its place, I trust the builders will look about carefully to ascertain whether any elephants have been left on the premises. It might be well, also, to make a search to be sure that all the girls who used to disappear into the tank have by now come up again. I was no child, but almost fully grown, when New York's biggest theater first opened its doors. At the age of 19 or thereabouts I hardly could be naive enough to believe that the young ladies who immersed themselves at each performance were actually gone for good, sacrificed to thrill a matinee audience, Somebody explained to me that a device like a diving bell was utilized lor this superb illusion. But the manner in which the contraption worked w r as not clear to me at the time, nor is it even now. M * M Smitten IF it had ever been my privilege to know and be in love with a Hippodrome chorus girl, I should have liked it very much. To be sure, there was a current theory that the young ladies of the town’s largest ensemble were, perhaps, a shade less glamorous than their companions in more intimate theaters. It must be admitted that from a seat out in the right field bleachers the girls of the ballet all looked very much alike. All excellent, I hasten to add. But to a swain it must have been peculiarly thrilling to see the darling of his heart march down Into the great pool just before the final curtain. The water rises to her waist. Above her head. The rest is silence, and a few bubbles. And then to find her slightly damp, but fitill safe and sound, a few minutes later at the stage entrance in Fortythird street. In a distant and Impersonal way I was quite madly smitten with all the diving girls. It is difficult for

Daily Thought

V He that walketh uprightly walketh surely; but be that perverteth his ways shall be known.—Proverbs 10:9. * am He that openly tells his friends all that he thinks of them, must expect that they will secretly tell his enemies much that they do not think of him.—Colton. For what is the C. S. 8. Newton used by the navy? Fox training naval reserves.

The Empty Stocking

IAILY HEALTH SERVIC

one may eat in the vast majority of places. It now is realized that milk contains most of the vitamins in sufficient quantities to aid human life, although it is weak in vitamin C and vitamin D. It provides certain mineral salts, but is weak in iron. Throughout the world milk forms a valuable portion of the human diet, but in many places it is modified to considerable advantage. Thus the acidophilus germ when added to milk produces a souring which changes the taste and produces tremendous numbers of the acidophilis germs which tend to control putrefaction in the intestines and in this way apparently to aid health and life. The principal protein in milk is casein, which serves as a body builder. Milk sugar and the calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals in milk are of great value.

me to remember many things which have ever been quite as glorious as the sight of someone of the young misses swooping down from the rafters into the Hippodrome’s shallow tank. n * * Houdini AND in that same Hippodrome tank which will be scaled down now to a mere washstand or a tub, it was Houdini’s pleasure to be scuttled in a trunk. Upon his wrists were shackles, and when they had him neatly packed, all sorts of locks were clamped down to make his feat more difficult. Houdini was a great showman, as well as the king of magicians. Before they put the lid down he would make a little speech, saying that if he were unable to extricate himself In ten minutes, he hoped the nearby attendants would dive down in a forlorn attempt to bring up trunk and prestidigitator. Gravely I suspect that Houdini knew well enough some method to get out within the time limit. Otherwise, he would have been a fool to go down.

-TqQAivhbTMe 5 -

THE COVENTRY ACT December 21 ON Dec. 21, 1670, Sir John Coventry was maimed for his remarks reflecting on the moral character of Charles II of England. Owing to Coventry’s jest in the house of commons on the subject of the king's amours. Sir Thomas Sands and others, by the order of Monmouth, and (it was said) with the approval of the king himself, waylaid Sir John as he was returning home and slit his nose to the bone. This outrage led to the passing of the famous, Coventry act, declaring assaults accompanied by personal mutilation a felony without benefit of clergy (the privilege of demanding a trial and punishment by an ecclesiastical court, which could not inflict the death penalty, when accused of crime before a temporal court). Today also is the anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass., on Dec. 21, 1620. On Dec. 21, 1862, Confederate railroads in eastern Tennessee were destroyed by Federals. And on Dec. 21, 1837. congress passed another “gag” law to stifle debate on slavery. t* ■

When milk comes to the table it should be without odor and should have a pleasant taste. When milk has an abnormal flavor or odor, it is usually due to something abnormal about the feed of the cow or something about the place in which the milk is produced. Under such circumstances, the milk should be rejected and an investigation should be made as to the source and method of production. In their outline. Doctors Crumbine and Tobey consider not only all j processes associated with the production of good milk in this country and abroad, but also the various ways in which milk may be modified in its use for people who find difficulty in taking milk as such. Remember always that milk is the most nearly perfect food. It will pay any individual to make extra effort to adapt it to his own diet.

r> HEYWOOD J BROUN

Never in the many times I saw him at the Hippodrome was it necessary for the guards to fish him out. Each time he rose triumphant, with both hands free, carrying the shackles in his mouth. It was a fine trick, and I can not feel aught but sorrow that a temple dedicated to such strange happenings is to be soon a humdrum office building. * * * Curtain TN the same spaces where elephants roamed, stenographers will sit dully recording the fact that some missive about a shipment has been noted and will receive prompt attention. Has there ever been, I wonder, an elephant ghost? That would be an attraction indeed, a huge gray form galloping down the deserted corridors of an office building late at night. Yet, if this spectre is ever to appear when I’m around, I rather hope it will not be Jenny, the big beast who was taught to waltz. A waltzing elephant ghost would not be so good for a man whose nerves have played him false upon occasion. But, if the elephants of the old Hippodrome are to haunt the new, they will probably do it in a body. Os all the members of the animal kingdom, they seem to be the most communistic. If ever it becomes necessary for me to walk those dread corridors at night. I’ll bring along In my pocket a bag of psychic peanuts. (Copyright. 1929. by The Times)

Waterproofing Cellars ; Many householders are troubled with cellars that are not waterproof. Our Washington bureau has prepared, from official sources, a bulletin of practical suggestions on construction methods for making a cellar dry in anew house, and for various methods that may be adopted for waterproofing an old cellar that is damp and wet. If you have a problem of this kind, fill out the coupon below and send for the bulletin: SLIP COUPON HERE CONSTRUCTION EDITOR, Washington Bureau, The Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin, WATERPROOFING CELLARS, and inclose herewith 5 cents in coin, or loose, uncanceled. United States postage stamps, to cover return postage and handling costs. NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE .j I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most Interesting writers and are presented without retard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

_DEC. 21, 1929 V

SCIENCE By DAVID DIETZ

Thousands of Tons of Licorice Root Are Imported to U. S. Annually: Efforts to Grou It Here Fail. LICORICE root, an important raw material in the tobacco, irug and confectionery industries, is mported into the United States rom Spain, Italy, southern Russia, Asia Minor and southern Asia. Atempts to produce it on a commercial scale in the United States >o far have proved a failure, according to a report by Doctors P. A. Houseman and H. T. Lacey of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research of the University of Pittsburgh. An attempt at large-scale licorice culture in New Jersey, covering a period of years, has not proved commercially successful. the two scientists state in a communication to the American Chemical Society. About 35,000 tons of licorice root are imported annually. About 90 per cent of the extract manufacured from it is used by the tobacco industry. It serves a three-fold function there, first, as a flavoring and sweetening agent; second, as a blending agent to make the tobacco more mild, and third, as an aid to keep the tobacco moist. The other 10 cent Is divided about equally between the pharmaceutical and confectionery industries, according to Doctors Houseman and Lacey. The chief role of licorice in pharmacy is to disguise the unpleasant taste of various drugs. It also is used in cough sirups and throat lozenges of various sorts. Shrub LICORICE confectionery has been somewhat under a cloud in the past, owing to the widespread substitution of oil of anise for the genuine licorice flavor.” the report states. "The use of licorice as a wholesome ingredient of high-grade confections is gaining increasing recognition.” After the licorice extract has been obtained, a second extract is maefc from the root. This is used as a fire-extinguishing agent. And in addition, the residual fiber of the root is used as a raw material for making cardboard and building material. The licorice plant grows wild over large areas of Spain, Italy, southern Russia, Asia Minor and southern Asia. The plant is a perennial shrub, reaching a height of one or two feet in the more fertile valleys. But while the shrub Itself is not very large, the roots grow to amazing length. They average twentyfive feet in length and about one inch in dameter. "During the autumn months peasants dig these roots with primitive tools, such as have been used by their forefathers for thousands of years,” the report states, "and haul it to the nearest collecting station, Here the roots are sooted, cleaned, weighed, and paid for by weight. "The roots are piled in huge stacks for curing, where they are left through the following summer until they become dry enough for baling. When dry, the roots are pressed into bales weighing about three hundred pounds and shipped to the United States.” Medicine THE use of licorice for medicinal purposes goes back to the earliest history of civilization. This, according to Drs. Houseman and Lacey, is because the "licorice belt” includes the "cradle of civilization" within its boundaries. Licorice is listed as a drug in the oldest Chinese medical books. Today it is used more as a drug in China than any other plant, with the exception of ginseng, an herb with an aromatic root. In India licorice is used as a drug and its use is prescribed both by Brahmanism and Buddhism. "In Brahmanism licorice is one of the important drugs of the ’“Sasruta,’ a pharmaceutical text revealed to Sasruta by Brahmin h(,mself, who had composed this book before he created man ” the report states. "In the Buddhist religion, some of the Oriental mysticism regarding the use of licorice is even more strikingly preserved. On the morning of Buddha's birthday an infusion of the licorice root is poured over the statue of the god three times amidst great pomp, while the priests chant mystical incantations and the worshipers pray. "The fluid, which drips from ttoe statue, is collected carefully and treasured for its curative properties. "Recent excavations in the lower Tigris-Euphrates valley have yielded tablets which tell of the use of licorice. "The uses of licorice as a medicine are practically identical in each of these ancient civilizations, and they also correspond very closely with the way in which the ant classes of Europe use today.”