Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 185, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 December 1929 — Page 8

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/C* IPPJ-HOWAjID

Grundy in the Senate The United States senate is the sole judge of its own membership, made so by the United States Constitution. It could reject a man because it did not like the color of his hair. But the senate, as in the Vare case, preferred to base its rejections on more solid ground than personal prejudices. It spent three years establishing the fraud in Vare's nomination before it voted to bar him. So now, in the matter of Joseph R. Grundy, the senate accepted the credential sent by the Pennsylvania Governor and allowed Grundy to take his seat. Borne senators argued, with considerable logic, that Grundy’s moral guilt was as clear as Vare's; that he helped to raise and spend $1,800,000 to nominate the fcry Governor who appointed him to the senate, whereas Vare, seeking the senatorship in that same primary, raised and spent only $785,000. But the senate was unwilling to go this far behind Grundy's credentials. Even senators who most heartily detest the Grundy type shared this feeling. Doubtless this was the wise course from more ptandpoints than one. The Pennsylvania Governor wu required to appoint a senator and he appointed Grundy. If the Governor does not represent the people of Pennsylvania—well, that is their fault. And they can rebuke the Governor by electing someone In Grundy’s place next spring. If they look on representative government as a system whereby the people are represented, they will do so: if they share Grundy’s view that only campaign contributors should be represented, they will send him to Washington again next spring. In the meantime, Washington will witness an interesting sight—the invisible government made visible. Grundy no longer operating out in the corridor, but under the national spotlight on the senate floor. Other powerful state organizations may follow the example. The Connecticut Manufacturers’ Association, for example, may decide to have Eyanson in the senate Instead of hiding in Bingham’s office; they may ask Bingham to remain home and give Eyanson his seat. There are other considerations involved in the Governor’s brazen action. He has asked the people Os his state to face a question which they apparently have been content to dodge. The people may face that question in a manner that will surprise the Governor and the interests that made him Governor. Finally, this consideration: The embarrassment unloaded on the Hoover administration and the issue presented to the Democratic party. Grundy gives the Democrats the best issue in years. He is the living embodiment of special privilege, the unabashed advocate of money in politics.

The Democrats may not talk much about Grundy Just now, but they will have a lot to say during the next campaign. And along with Senator Moses’ rash remarks about the sons of wild jackasses from the west, they may be expected to recall Grundy’s observation that the western and southern farm states should “talk dam small” on important subjects like the tariff, j Governor Fisher and Senator Grundy have given Hoover's party a heavy burden to tote. Sowing for the Whirlwind Announcement that the New York State League of Women Voters has decided to join the W. C. T. U. In a drive for a state prohibition law comes coincident with the charge that racketeers already are collecting some $200,000,000 from New York City alone. This proclaimed union of forces to work for a state dry act affords striking support for the contention that mankind Is incapable of learning by experience. In spite of much popular mythology to this effect, the notorious lawlessness in Chicago is not due to any unique conditions In that metropolitan center. Chicago is not Inherently more lawless than Philadelphia or Boston. It is not inhabited by a special type of fcuman beings peculiarly susceptible to unparalleled temptation to crime. The recent record of lawless behavior in Chicago fc primarily a product of prohibition and especially Os the state prohibition act of Illinois. Chicago Is tyie largest civic center in which the police are compelled legally to assist the federal authorities in effecting an alcoholic drought. That under state prohibition similar conditions will develop on a smaller scale in lesser cities is well illustrated by the experience of Philadelphia. In Chicago it is necessary for bootleggers and liquor racketeers to corrupt the police to carry on their activities. Once the metropolitan police are bought off laioroughly by one group of specially protected interests, their demoralization all along the line is inevitable. Abolition of state enforcement in Chicago would do more to clear up lawlessness there than all the rebellion against the Thompson machine and the Iburmurings against Judges and district attorneys. •' The relatively good record as to safety of life and property in New York City and Baltimore in recent years is probably due more to the absence of a state tnforcement act than to any other single factor. New York City offers a much more fertile potential field lor extensive criminal activity than Chicago. It is larger, wealthier, more heterogeneous and traditionally much more wicked. It is even charged upon good authority and plenty of statistical evidence, that the rackets actually yield more in New York today than in Chicago. Racketeering in New York has produced fewer taurders and less violence than in Chicago, because It has been associated with relatively law-abiding and peaceful pursuits. Let a state enforcement act invite and expedite liquor racketeering and New York would become the prize racketeering city of the World, with all that the liquor racket implies in the way of bloodshed and bombing. Add to this the wholesale corruption of the police Which would be attempted under a state enforcement .act and Chicago would stand out as a model community compared to conditions which would develop on Manhattan Island. The partisans of a state dry law are concerned gravely because some thousands of New Yorkers, iirawn from the better classes for the most part, are #ree to stray from the streets and voluntarily enter numerous speakeasies of their own free wilL To the prohibition type of mind thin is worse tjmn It would be If no New Yorker was able to go forth upon the streets with any assurance of safety of life WAnd person. Therefore, they propose to attempt to

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-220 West Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cent* a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager PHONE— Riley .V..M FRIDAY DEC. 13. 1929. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Assoelation, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way”

all. Better an increase of several hundred murders a year than the addition of a hundred or so speakeasies. Friends of law and order in New York well can not evade the responsibility of uniting to resist this attempt to sow the wind of state enforcement that we may reap the whirlwind of police demoralization and universal lawlessness. The Rothstein case is overtopped completely in significance by the dry law menace. We must not only save our police from wholesale corruption; we must also save their time from responsibility for slapping hips and smelling breaths, so they may devote themselves to the repression of murder, assault, robbery and arson. Prison Mutinies Prison mutinies seldom gain freedom for convicts. Those who participate In them risk death from the guns of guards and others. If they are not killed, severe punishment is certain to follow. The odds are overwhelmingly against those who rebel. Prisoners know this, and yet there have been five major outbreaks in recent months. The inevitable conclusion is that prisoners regard conditions under which they live as intolerable and utterly hopeless. Death means little when weighed against their lot. They stake their lives against an almost hopeless chance of escape. The latest uprising at the Auburn state prison in New York, in which four convicts and their head keeper were killed and a score wounded, Is typical. Officials, sociologists, and other students of the prison problem agree on fundamental causes. Prisons are overcrowded. Food, sanitation and living conditions are bad. Prisoners are idle. They sit all day in overcrowded cells with nothing to do, and are goaded into direct action, however futile It may be. It was the same story last summer In this same Auburn prison, in Dannemora, Cannon City, and in Leavenworth. Discipline is strict. Sentences are long, and the hope of eventual freedom is dim. Hope is destroyed and men become desperate. Conditions in New York’s prisons are not unique. They exist in most state and federal penitentiaries. New York has a $30,000,000 prison modernization program recommended by Governor Roosevelt and his predecessor, A1 Smith. No doubt it now will be adopted. Congress and the department of justice have awakened to the, situation as regards the federal government, and are prepared to remedy conditions. There is need for an examination of the prison problem everywhere, and for improvement in our methods of meeting it. It is not a question of coddling prisoners, but rather of punishing them reasonably and of treating them humanely, rehabilitating them where possible, so they will be useful citizens when liberated

Society, which means all of us, has been remiss in its obligation, both to its erring members and itself. Tire Auburn mutiny was predicted. In the same way, other mutinies may be expected if conditions are allowed to grow worse year after year, as they have been. Correction will require time, but it should be undertaken now. Not only do some of the ladles pick out their husbands’ suits, but pick their pockets afterwards. Sometimes an automobile will not only help you to see this world but the next. Harry Thaw was ordered to pay damages of $25,000 for biting a night club hostess. Considering the price of a night club sandwich, that looks pretty cheap.

REASON B y

OHOULD Mr. Coolidge decide to run for the senate k-J to succeed Mr. Gillett, who has announced that he will retire, he probably will be influenced in a degree by a desire to associate with Dwight Morrow, his life-long friend and college mate at Amherst, who is slated for the senate from New Jersey. 0 tt tt Mr. Coolidge would And a precedent for such action in the case of that other ex-President from Massachusetts, John Quincy Adams, who ran for the house of representatives after leaving the White House and in congress acquired his lasting fame. tt tt a ' You may be assured, however, that Mr. Coolidge will search the political horizon with extreme caution before tossing his hat into the ring, since by the law of averages he might be eligible for defeat, he having run for many offices and always won. 0 0 0 HE would face a hard contest for the senatorial honor, for Mr. Fitzgerald, who will be nominated by the Democrats, always has gained many votes by his ability to sing ‘‘Sweet Adeline” with rare effectiveness. Mr. Coolidge could meet this only by rendering “After the Ball Is Over” and as we recall his delivery, this would necessitate considerable voice culture. 8 8 0 Henry Ford receives SIOO by the terms of the will of the late Mrs. Florence Babbitt of Ypsilanti. Mich. It always is gratifying to see money go where it Is so sorely needed. 0 8 8 A real step was taken toward bringing together the producer of the raw material and the producer of the finished product when Justice Kemp of Crown Point, Ind., who annually marries thousands, held a conference with Judge Sabbath of Chicago, who annually divorces thousands. 8 0 0 Senator Sheppard’s bill to make the buyer of liquor equally guilty with the seller would probably be illegal because it would subject the buyer to double Jeopard}’, he being plaeed in jeopardy the first time by drinking what he bought. 8 0 0 'T'HIS statement by Professor Jellinek of Austria A that electricity really does not kill has been exploded by the futile efforts which have been made to revive several parties who have graduated from the electric chair. 0 8 0 Mary McCormick, who is to marry Prince Serge Mdivani as soon as Pola Negri divorces him, states that she is thoroughly Europeanized and does not care how many lovers the prince may have, so long as he is happy. If that's the European attitude, God bless the Atlantic ocean! 0 0# This gentleman down east who is planning to shoot himself to the moon in a rocket has one advantage—he can come back without getting a round trip ticket , V fff Vare probably fetehes he had bought a furniture factory the SLOOBjXX) which he paid for that one

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

As Long as Criminals Are Caged, They Will Try to Escape, Whether by Ones, Twos or Hundreds. THIS is the second prison riot at Auburn, N. Y., within six months and the fifth throughout the country. On July 21, the prisoners at Dannemora, N. Y., rebelled, only to be beaten into submission after three of their number had been killed and no one had escaped. A week later the first outbreak at Auburn took place, with several buildings put to the torch, four guards shot and four convicts getting away. Only four days afterward, federal prisoners numbering 3,700 stampeded at Leavenworth, Kan., but the warden and his assistants were ready and the outbreak was quelled with the loss of but one life. u tt On Oct. 3, the worst riot of all occurred in the Colorado penitentiary at Canyon City, when the convicts seized several guards as hostages, killing four of them, one after the other, in an effort to intimidate the warden. The riot lasted two days and Involved the loss of twelve lives, seven guards and five convicts, four of the latter being killed by Danny Daniels, ring leader of the revolt, as it is supposed, who ended the tragedy by shooting himself with his last bullet. BUB Just a Guess ONE guess is about as good as another in tracing all this trouble to a single cause. Some people think society hasn’t been nice enough to its prisoners, and yell for reform. Some other people think it has been too nice, and yell for more law. Meanwhile, there is one sure way to prevent prison riots and that is by abolishing prisons. All those in favor say aye; all those opposed no. The noes have it. We will not. But as long as criminals are caged, they will try to escape, whether by ones, twos, or hundreds, and whether they take their coffee straight, or with cream and sugar.

It goes without saying that circumstances over which the authorities have some control may encourage or discourage the idea of hellraising on the part of prisoners. Among other things, they can be crowded beyond human endurance, left with so much idle time on their hands that they have nothing to do but think up mischief, or be allowed such liberties as make it possible for them to establish contact with the organized forces of crime, graft and corruption. tt tt o Crime is Organized AND let no one doubt the forces of crime, graft and corruption have become organized, like everything else. We no longer are dealing with the lone wolf when it comes to murder, thievery, and the racket. The background of our criminal situation has changed in exactly the same way as has the background of our business and social situation. Borrowing a page from more respectable elements, crime has developed a mechanism of its own, a curious combination of fraternalism, ward poltics and lobbying, by which it not only carries on its trade and protects its members, but creates influence at court. 8 0 0 All Complexes THE gang complex, by which thugs acquire political power; the stool pigeon complex by which police forces put themselves under obligation to one set of crooks to catch another set; the graft complex by which ward heelers, city bosses and party leaders are inspired to wink at certain law violations for money; the revenge complex by which some people justify; the futile demand of “an eye for an eye,” and the mercy complex by which other people are led to weep over those who have been made to suffer for their misconduct Jaave combined to create an auspicious setting for such upheavals as occurred at Auburn. 0 8 8 Summed up, It seems to be a bad case of emotionalism all around, with prisoners, guards, wardens, Governors and legislatures consulting their sentiments rather than their reason, like the rest of us. One day we have a drive for pardons. paroles, honor systems, and welfare leagues, the next we have just as an insistent drive for the death penalty, habitual crime laws, solitary confinement and drastic regulations. With the public setting such an example, and with modern civilization placing the means at their command, why shouldn’t prisoners couple savage plots with maudlin pretentions, using a revival service, or a debating club to hatch mutiny, and claiming that mutiny is jin the interest of reform?

Daily Thought

Mine enemies chased me sore, like a bird, without cause. —Lamentations 3:52, tt a a A malicious enemy is better than a clumsy friend.—Madame Swetchine. What is the difference between a king and an emperor? A king is a male sovereign ruler of a state or nation. The word expresses the idea of one who rules singly over a whole people or has the highest executive power. Emperor is the title of the sovereign ruler of an empire. The title emperor seems to denote a power and dignity superior to that of king. What are the chief chemical elements of gasoline? Carbon and hydrogen. Who wrote the book called “The Bed Knight of Germany'’? Floyd Gibbons. What does the name Wanda mean?

N Y BANK APOLO SIZtS j ) TO NEIGHBORS FOR NOISE HY BOY"* I I ■ , IN CONSTRUCTING NEW ,f I HOPE YOU CAK MI j| 111 |||! III! !||| ftUILTMKG..Rg*NOTi , 1 ! OVERLOOK TKI NOISE Ml 111 {’ \\l \// '& V 1 MENnon ' Irv-J- - ( fik fISSBP ft \WHESCJ ■> M US FORMATCIhG /JIL EM }[ COW™ /r ' 11Ip \wfc-3m m■ ii lH® f I 1 \ \ -■ /1 1 * ?! FAEDC&I 4 ME -BUT wE MY MY** V I APE ABOUT TOTIRE. tiph VUVTWHFW k I -DO HOPE. M 9 you WILL OVERLOOK 2KL BOYSHAV£ ike packet: we k ALL GONE TO

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE Tuberculosis Fight Must Begin Early

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeta, the Health Magazine. PRACTICALLY all authorities on the control of tuberculosis are agreed that any significant campaign against the disease must begin among the youngest in the population rather than by attempting merely to cure the advanced cases in adults. Dr. Horton Casparis, in emphasizing this point, has outlined the technic followed in the clinic for children in the Vanderbilt School of Medicine in Nashville. The first step obviously is to find the disease in the early stage of infection in the child and then to do

IT SEEMS TO ME * h S°n d

SOME, one was speaking about radio the other day and mentioned “the radio roof.” According to my informant there is a ceiling beyond which the sound waves do not go. In this there is some consolation, for it suggests that there may be mansions in the sky to which “I Kiss Your Hand, Madame” never may be conducted. And yet this limitation on the sound waves discourage me. I like to think of Mars as just one floor above and I live in hope that some day one or the other of us may get into communication by tapping on the water pipes. Incidentally, I read some little while ago the remark of an American astronomer who declared that if there were any signaling to be done Mars, as the older planet, should make the first advances. Personally I do not believe in interplanetary snobbishness. I’d be ready to accept a call from Mars any day as long as it did not come much before noon. 8 0 0 Dangerous OF course, there grave dangers. Suppose we do meet up with Mars and then find that we don’t like each other? Most of the speculation has been along the wholly unsupported theory that Mars is far ahead of us in wisdom and in culture. That can’t be proved. It is not at all impossible that Mars ferments in great disorder and when that is discovered, some patriot will be sure to suggest that It is our bounden duty to send the marines there. Moroever, the star gazers say that Mars has no oceans. What kind of management is this? A planet without an ocean must also lack pirate stories, one-piece bathing suits efforts to arrange Army and Navy football games, banana skins, shore dinners, boardwalks and bathing beauty contests. Where on earth does the Martian drive to on a Sunday afternoon

Questions and Answers

Does Belgium still maintain a navy? On grounds of economy, the small navy formerly maintained by Belgium has been abolished. The former British sloop Zinnia, of 1,200 tons is still employed on fishery protection service. Who played opposite Constance Talmadge in “Breakfast at Sunrise?” Don Alvarado. How many home runs did Babe Ruth hit in 1927 and 1928? He hit fifty-four home runs during 1928 and sixty during 1927. What causes thunder? It is explained by the fact that the electric discharge in forcing its way through the atmosphere heats tip air and vapor lying in its path tea very high temperature, causing

Excuse It Please!

everything possible to prevent the development of the active disease. The tuberculin test is used to establish the presence of the disease This test involves merely the injection of a very small amount of the tuberculin solution under the skin. If the test is positive, further studies are made, the history of the child taken, its lungs examined by listening and by percussion or thumping, and then X-ray pictures are taken. If a child is found to have suspicious signs of tuberculosis it is given the maximum of health care. Its tonsils are removed when there is indication for their removal. • Infected and decaying teeth are taken care of. The diet is watched and the

when he has completed the first payment on the coupe? And, speaking of oceans, realism seems to be breaking new ground. I spent a week-end at Atlantic City recently and had my fortune told by inserting 10 cents in a slot machine. When I was a lad tho patron got kind words and a piece of gum for his efforts. 8 0 0 Too Frank THIS time the printed fortune was brutally frank, even though I had paid for it. “Do not depend so much on pull,” the card began. “Try and see if you can’t make something of your own personality. The effort to stand on your own ieet may be difficult at first, but persevere ana who knows but that you may get somewhere after all in spite of a discouraging start. “Remember that indolence is one of the meaner vices. Strive to overcome your tendency to let others do your work for you.” That last criticism seems to me unfair. I haven’t used more than two contributions in a month. To return to Mars, there is at least one condition which suggests that the red planet may have certain advantages even though it is a bitxfar for communicating. If my Sunday newspaper science is accurate, the men of Mars would laugh at the best performance of Bobby Jones in golf or Babe Ruth on the diamonds. My information is that the force of gravity upon the surface of Mars is just about one-third that which prevails here on earth. That means that it would take a hop of eighteen feet or so to win first place in an intercollegiate track meet and that outfielders very well might bunt the ball over the rightfield fence. 8 0 0 Amusing IT would be gay, indeed, to walk down any main street in Mars and with a little skip sail up far enough to look into the secondstory windows of all the neighbors.

length. The result is a steep compression wave, in other words a loud noise. What is Pabmi fur? It is from the weasel family and has a bright yellow and silky underfur with grayish brown top hair. A white stripe runs down the back along the middle from the neck to the tail and along the sides. It is also known as Chinese martin. How can chewing gum be removed from a chair upholstered in mohair? Try soaking in turpentine or freezing with Ice, then removing with a sharp knife blade. Chloroform is also effective. Who played the part of Bob in "The Godless Girl” and who was the gill? George Duryea played the part of Bob and Lina Basquette played the

nutrition improved as much as possible. Other children in the family also are tested to find out if there are other members with tuberculosis. In a discussion of Dr. Casparis’ paper the health officer of one of our largest American cities pointed out that the time has passed for health drives on various diseases and particularly on tuberculosis, the disease that is always with us. Health drives stir up temporary activity and are almost invariably followed by a relapse of interest. The fight against tuberculosis must be continuous and certainly the mapping out of a ten-year program embracing all methods of study described by Dr. Casparis would not be too much.

Ideals and opinion* expressed in this coiomn are those of one of America’s most interesting writers and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

Senator Brookhart would be quite in his element up ihere. But that reminds me that the Washington grand jury failed to do right by the gentleman from lowa. The authorities wholly disregarded the testimony of that great statesman's nose. He sniffed and sniffed wholly in vain. It almost looks as if there were a dull winter ahead of Brookhart. According to present'indications, he may be compelled to spend many long evenings at home all alone with his nose. (CoDvrlght. 1929. by The Tiniest ajSSSjaT “■ t and o av ■ is j t t-ile-mm V. s. WIRELESS CONTROL December 13 f-vN Dec. 13. 1912, the United States government assumed control of all wireless stations in its territory. Volume and activities of numerous amateur stations which had sprung up in the country had increased to such extent as to interfere seriously with the operation of government and commercial stations. An act passed by congress provided for the licensing of radio operators and stations within the country and made it unlawful to operate an unlicensed station. Enforcement of the regulations was placed In the hands of department of commerce officials. The country was divided into nine districts, each in charge of a radio inspector. The duties of inspectors in each of these districts consisted in inspecting and testing radio apparatus, examining and licensing operators and licensing radio stations.

How the U. S. Grew From a little group of : traggling colonies strung out along the Atlantic seaboard, the United States has grown to a mighty nation occupying the greater part of the North American continent and with overseas possessions—in all a territory embracing today more than three million, seven hundred and thirty-eight thousand square miles. The story of the territorial expansion of the United States between 1790 and 1929 Is contained in our Washington bureau’s latest bulletin HOW THE UNITED STATES GREW. School boys and girls will find this bulletin of great help and value in their history and geography; grown-ups will find it full of interesting material to refresh their memories and give them a picture of the growth of the nation. If you want this bulletin, fill out tho coupon below and mall as directed. - GEOGRAPHY EDITOR, Washington bureau. The Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York avenue, Washington, D. O. I want a copy of the bulletin HOW THE UNITED STATES GREW and enclose herewith 5 cents In coin, or loc*e, uncancelled United States postage stamps to cover postage and handling costs. NAME STREET' AND NUMBER...••••#••••••••••-• .• •• • •-• CITY .* STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times. (Code WtO

DEC. 13, 1929

SCIENCE By DAVID DIETZ

Astronomer, Physicist, Chemist and Banker Have Charge of World’s Largest Telescope. THE observatory council, which is to have charge of the building of the 200-inch telescope, the world's largest telescope, consists of an astronomer, a physicist, a chemist and a banker. The astronomer, Dr. George Ellery Hale, is chairman of the counciL The layman can see readily why an astronomer should be chairman of the council. He will also see readily why Dr. Hale, who directed the building of the great Mr. Wilson observatory with the 100-inch telescope, the largest now in existence, should be that astronomer. He will Understand why a banker should be on the committee when he realizes that the building of the 200-inch telescope will mean an expenditure of $12,000,000. The banker in this case is Henry M. Robinson, vice-president of the board of trustees of the California institute of technology. The 200inch telescope is to be operated by the institute. But the layman will ask why a physicist and a chemist should be on the council. In the answer to that question lies a picture of the trend of modern astronomy. The mountain-top observatory which will house the big telescope will not be known as the astronomical observatory of the California institute of technology. It will be known as the astronomical observatory. ana Combination Astrophysics, as the word itself indicates, is a combination of astronomy and physics. It is the physics and chemistry of the havens, an attempt to understand the physical and chemical constitution of the stars and the forces at work within them. The way in which the sciences of physics and astronomy have merged is one of the most interesting features of modem science. From the viewpoint of the physicist or chemist, the star is a great laboratory in which conditions of temperature and pressure, such as can not be obtained on earth, exist. It is possible, therefore, to discover the behavior of matter at these high pressures and temperatures by studying the stars. The stronomer. as a result, comes to the rescue of the physicist in many cases. But the astronomer also must turn to the physicist for help. Frequently, It requires the physicist to interpret what the astronomer observes. These are the reasons for putting a chemist and a physicist on the observatory council. The two picked for the Job are both members of the California Institute of Technology. The physicist is Dr. Robert A. Millikan, director of the Norman Bridges physical laboratory. The chemist is Dr. Arthur A. Noyes, director of the Gates chemical laboratory. Dr. Millikan was the first scientist to measure the electric charge of an electron, a feat for which he was awarded the Nobel prize. More recently, he confirmed the existence of the cosmic rays, a fact which has important bearing upon astronomy as well as physics. Dr. Noyes has been carrying on experments upon the constitution of matter.

Co-Operation BECAUSE of the plan of organization, the observatory budding itself, which will house the great 200-inch telescope on some mountain top, will only constitute half of the astrophysical observatory. The other half will be an astrophysidal laboratory and instrument shop In Pasadena on the grounds of the California Institute of Technology. The dual arrangement is the one used so successfully by the great Mt Wilson observatory. The splendid array of telescopes and other observing instruments on Mt. Wilson is supplemented by a laboratory and machine shop in Pasadena. This makes it possible to carry on the physical experiments In the laboratory which are needed to interpret many of the astronomical observations. It also makes it possible to build new instruments when either the observatory or laboratory requires them. It is planned to have the new astrophysical laboratory work in close co-operation with the Mt. Wilson observatory, the Norman Bridges physical laboratory and the Gates chemical laboratory. It Is planned to have the work of the new observatory supplement and not duplicate the work of any of the existing organizations. In this way the entire group will work jointly in the worthy enterprise of extending man’s knowledge of the universe.