Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 168, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 November 1929 — Page 4

PAGE 4

- MOW AttO

A Tribute to the Federal Reserve System When the federal reserve system was created in the Wilson administration, it was heralded as a device which would prevent further recurrence of bank panics—those crises which at intervals had paralyzed the financial machinery of the nation. Shortly after installation of the system, the World war came on. A tremendous economic upset accompanied it. Had such an upset occurred before the federal reserve system went into effect, it would have caused a wholesale panic. But the nation rode through. Then followed the war boom and the collapse of 1921. Again the federal reserve system held up. Later began the rise in Wall Street, which reached its peak in September. 1929, with a collapse in October and November by which billions of paper values were wiped out. It was the greatest shock In all stock exchange history. Still the federal reserve system functioned. The crash in Wall Street did not cause an accompanying bank panic. Throughout the whole development of the boom, the federal reserve system was the one official voice of warning. The many individual bankers played the boom game, and believed in the fairies of finance, the reserve system saw the inevitable and acted with the only weapons at its command to check the tide. It repeatedly told the banks, industry, and the public, that security loans were too high. It pointed out that call money offered by private interests might be withdrawn at any time from Wall Street. It made clear that, on the reserve, in such event, would fall the burden of providing funds to take care of such withdrawals. It repeatedly used its w'eapon, the rediscount rate Increase. Whether those increases came rapidly enough, whether the system was quick enough to act, is a matter of debate. The rediscount increases did rot stop though they did help to check, the orgy of speculation. One thing, however, is certain—they did prepare for the emergency. When the emergency arrived, the federal reserve system was in position to supply teh rands necessary to replace those withdrawn by private interests. And therein another bank panic was averted. There has been much criticism of the federal reserve system by those caught in the market. In the rush of events, little favorable has been said of the system. The Scripps-Koward newspapers believe that now is the time to give credit where credit is due. We desire to suggest further to our readers that they study carefully those statements officially issued by the federal reserve system and repose in them tne confidence that is warranted by the federal reserve system's record of accomplishment in averting a bank panic. After giving the federal reserve board full credit for doing its best within its present powers, the fact remains that it could not prevent the speculative stock boom and consequent threat to the nations business. Therefore the country is faced with the ques.ion. In what wav can the federal reserve machinery be made more effective to meet the next crises when it comes? There is no quick and easy answer. But the best brains of the government, of the banks, and of business should be concentrating on this problem now. Wh;it 51 Billion Means It is just as eisy to say billion as million. The word has been spoken frequently and familiarly during the recent affair in Wail Street. And a public, grown used to large figures, hasn't been so much impressed. Charles Ransom, lumber man of Memphis, Tenn., turns tl\e microscope of practical imagination on a billion dollars and dramatizes it. Here is how it figures out: If a billion had. been accumulated 500 years before Christ, had not been allowed to draw interest and had been paid out at the rate of SI,OOO a day every day since, up to and including Nov. 21, 1929, there st would be $112,866,100 left. If you don’t believe it, figure it out for yoursc.f. And don't forget the leap-years. Public Utilities and Higher Education In the 1927 convention of the National Electric Light Association. W. A. Jones, chairman of the public relations section, announced the following. •Tn a survey recently made of the text books o. the country, eight states were found to be using text books which advocate government ownership o the light and power business. This is a thing that we all ought to be ashamed of." The warning went home. The executive committee of the public relations section immediately adopted a resolution to have a thorough-going survey made of the educational situation in our colleges and universities, insofor as it bore any relation to the public utilities question. At the 1928 convention, President Sands announced that: •'For this most important work, the association obtained a man eminently qualified by training and experience to conduct the survey, Professor C. O. Ruggles. dean of the college of commerce and administration of Ohio State university. Dean Ruggles was given a salary of $15,000 a year and expenses from the N. E. L. A. to conduct the investigation. y Chairman Jackson of the N. E. L. A. emphasized that "such a survey could be made only by one having the confidence of the educational institutions. Further comment on Ruggles from Mr. Ling, director of the Ohio committees on public utility information. said: "Our friend Ruggles at Ohio State university is one of the most diligent little letter writers you ever came across, but inasmuch as his ideas coincide with our own, I have been striving to help him as much as possible." Ruggles proceeded with his survey. In the meantime the federal trade commission looked into his activities and Judson King published his pamphlet on "The Challenge of the Power Investigation to American Educators.” Ruggles' report on his survey just has been published. In the foreword to it he suggests that from thi* point onward the public utilities should carry on their "educational” work by themselves and on their own responsibility. He says, in part: Tn the light of the situation, it is our judgment UuU future co-operation, aside from that involving

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) Own®<l and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Tiroes PublishingXo.. -14-220 West Maryland Street. IndiaDapoils, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents a copy; elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY] ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor President Business Manager PHONE—ltlley 5551 SATURDAY. NOV. 23 1929. Member of United I’ress, Seripps-lloward Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light anti the People Will Find Their Own Way”

technical phases of both business and engineering, will be most effective, both from the standpoint of the higher educational institutions and of the industry, if conducted by a committee or committees composed entirely of representatives of the industry.” Waiving aside considerations which may have brought a change of front, the conclusions of the dean represent a healthy turn in the relations between untilities and universities. * The utilities should be accorded the fullest freedom to carry on their own education activities. Like single-taxers, labor unions, communists and manufacturers’ associations, they should be denied special favoritism in our halls of learning, which are supposed to present knowledge untarnished by partisanship and group interest. What’s Wrong in the Carolinas? Throughout the country there has arisen the question: "What’s the matter with North and South Carolina?” The newspapers have been reporting the disorders there in the mill communities, with the textile employers trying to keep wages, below the living level and the workers seeking a return on their labor which would raise them above the peon class. The quetsion has persisted, as riots and disorders have followed in quick succession. Labor organizers have been flogged. A woman strike sympathizer was killed, and the grand jury was supine. A group of strike leaders has been convicted of second degree murder. The mill zone is an unsafe place to live. “What’s the matter with South Carolina?” Well, one of the things the matter with the state is the Rev. D. B. Hahn, pkstor of Pendleton Street Baptist church of Greenville, S. C. Speaking before the South Carolina College Press Assoc.ation, he is quoted as advocat.ng the whipping post for “Northern” reformers who "attempt to change conditions in textile mill villages.” He says flogged union organizers “no doubt got what was coming to them,” but he would prefer the public whipping post as a “better means of administering such punishment.” What a delightful time the worthy Mr. Hahn would have had back in the dawn of the Christian era when the great radical appeared to preach his new doctrine of a better way of living. How Mr. Hahn would have harassed the “reformers,” the disciples who attached themselves to Jesus. How gleefully would Mr. Hahn have joined with certain groups in Massachusetts in 1638 and harr.ed Roger Williams out of the colony and into the bleakness of Rncde Island—where Williams set up the first Baptist church in America. In South Carolina fifty years later he doubtless would have defended that state against the encroachment of "northern reformers,” Baptist refugees from New England, who by 1684 had founded their first church in Charleston. Too bad Mr. Hahn could not have lived in those two ages, to unloose the peculiar concept of tolerance and Christian teaching he illustrates in this day. It would have been a fleet-footed Roger Williams who could have beaten the lash of Mr. Hahn out of Massachusetts. However, all is not wrong with South Carolina. A judge there with a muen greater sense of justice than has Mr. Hahn, has refused to hold a union organizer on a charge of “insurrection and rebellion” against the state. Non-suiting the case, the judge held that economic warfare between employer and employe had not the status of a rebellion against constituted autthority. Mr. Hahn probably does not approve this juiist, yet the nation generally woulpl prefer to have the judge rather than that preacher stand as a symbol of the intelligence and enlightenment of South Carolina,

REASON

IN every community some rich friend of civilization should provide an attorney for trees, since everybody with an ax or saw delights in taking a whack at them. Along publicHiighways you see old elms and maples gashed and beheaded to make room for wires when this easily could be avoided. * * n • And usually when a county builds anew courthouse. the architect convinces the authorities that they should murder the noble trees which have graced the courtyard for a century, so the world may see the courthouse. And so please the vanity of a human architect, the authorities slaughter the masterpieces of the Architect of the universe. a a a Thus once beautifully shaded parks are converted into blazing patches of desolation, in the midst of which raw white piles of stone stand as forbidding as skinned rabbits. a a tt WE know a score of county seats with such barren deserts in their very hearts, when tree planting would redeem them in ten or fifteen years, but the authorities won't plant them because the architect didn’t want them. tt tt a So if your town is going to build anew courthouse and your courtyard now has stately monarchs, planted by the pioneers, trees beneath whose branches generations have rested on long summer days and in, whose shade old settlers have held their picnics, call out the home guards and protect those trees, for otherwise your authorities will probably sentence them to death because some architect tells them that’s the proper caper. tt tt a

AND every town should have a forestry board and it should have charge of all tree planting along the sidewalks. Thus only can uniform and intelligent planting be done and thus only can the tree butcher be controlled. Public spirited men and women gladly would serve without pay. e m m Thus we gradually can be civilized until we arrive at an appreciation of the majesty of trees, a quality now sadly lacking. The other day. for instance, we heard a gentleman whose veins are filled with ice water, complain because | an elm, at least a century old, had been permitted to 1 stand where it extended a few inches over the cement sidewalk. m m tt Yet that beautiful tree with a trunk diameter of more than five feet and a spread of more than sixty feet had been there fifty years before that man arrived: it had given more happiness to the world than the biped who wished to see it destroyed and if there’s another life after this, that tree will bloom forever, while that polar bear will doubtless repose in unending j slumber. Yes. sir, each community should have an attorney for trees.

FREDERICK By LANDIS

. THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

I Sometimes It Seems That Laic Is Neither Reasonable Nor Human, as It Works Out in Our Day. PROHIBITION becomes a bigger -*• farce with each tick of the clock. Now one doesn't even have to “buy” to become a felon. All one has to do is to know that someone else bought and failed to report. At least, so says Judge Louis Fitzhenry of Illinois, and apparently he has the law with which to back it up. an a “The manufacture, sale and transportation of liquor, heretofore a misdemeanor,’ declares Judge Fitzhenry, “is now a felony.” By an act passed by congress in 1790, “any one knowing that a felony is being committed who doesn’t make proper report of the matter is a felon himself, subject to the same punishment.” And there you are. an a Law, but Not Wisdom GOOD Law, no doubt, all wool and a yard wide, warranted not to rip. tear, ravel, or run down at the heel, but even the judge can’t quite stomach it. “Whether it is wisdom thus to make thousands, perhaps millions, of persons felons,” he argues with himself, “it is constitutional.” The inference is obvious. Wisdom and the Constitution are not the same thing. People have felt that way toward the law a long while. Now that they are beginning to feel that way toward the Constitution, we approach dangerous ground. a a a When wisdom flees, what chance has justice, or even common honesty? Fanatical prohibitionists not only made the sale of liquor a felony in Michigan, but made a life sentence mandatory for the person convicted of four felonies. Under this nonsensical and wicked combination of rules, a man and a woman were doomed because a small amount of liquor was found in their possession—only a pint in the man's case. As though that were not shameful enough, one of the officers who officiated now declares that they were framed, that the liquor was planted. t> tt Fettered by Foolishness BUT one does not have to wallow in the slough of Volsteadism to find defects in the law—defects that a 10-year-old child would realize and have sense enough to remedy. A Brooklyn woman, swept off her balance by the maternal instinct, kidnaps a little baby, which is returned to its parents after thirtyone hours. The parents understand and would forgive her, but the law must take its course. The offense was not against the parents, says the law, but against the state, and the woman must be arraigned, and held for trial, regardless of what those most concerned may think. The parents plead for her release in court; the child’s grandfather signs her bond: after which the parents take her home in a taxi, soothing her with kind words and telling her not to worry. Any reasonable human being would drop the case there, but sometimes it seems that the law is neither reasonable nor human.

9 9 9 Mooney Is Victim OUT in California, Governor Young calls upon the pardon beard to investigate the case of Mooney and Billings. These men have been imprisoned for twelve years, during which time they only have not asserted their innocence, but with such strong supporting evidence as to impress millions of people. What ailed the law, that it could not have investigated and determined their cases long before this? What kind of system have we, anyway, if innocent men must remain behind the bars one sixth of their natural lives before they can get a fair hearing? tt a tt And if that isn’t enough, what kind of a system have we that permits an innocent man to be convicted on the trained babbling of an 8-year-old child and the perjured testimony of the child’s mother, as happened in Mississippi six months ago? Where is the expertness and efficiency we are supposed to have built up with our law schools, our bar examinations, and our Jury system? Technically, red tape and precedent have come to overshadow the real objective. The worship of the machine has obliterated the cause it wa-s designed to serve. Asa playwright has said, “We used to call them courts of justice; now we call them courts of law.” The time has come to ask ourselves why we have a judicial system.

Daily Thought

Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive. —Ezekiel 18:27. a m n Our greatest glory consists not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.—Goldsmith. Did President Hoover lay his hand on an open Bible when he took the oath of office? His own Bible, a modem Oxford edition, bearing his name in gold letters, was open and his index finger pointed to Proverbs 29:18 “Where there is no vision, the people oerish.” Who was Osiris? The leading Egyptian sun deity.

SBH||| IjlllllPlliP^P^c^

Child of Rich May Shun His Food

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN, Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. AS it has become increasingly apparent that nutrition of the child is probably among the most significant of its characteristics in its relation to health, psychologists, physicians and dietitians are giving more and more attention to the eating habits of the child. In the first place, studies were made of children from the cities, from the farms, from well-to-do homes and the homes of the poor. It was found that 35 per cent of 100 well-to-do children were hungry, and well-to-do children, had to be urged or coaxed during the entire meal to eat their food. In the country, sixty-two children of 100 were found to be hungry at every meal and only thirty-eight had to be urged to eat their food. Among the poorest city children, eighty-six were found to have a good appetite at every meal and

■■ ■ ■ ■' 1 "** Ideal* and opiniomi expressed 1 in this column are those of IT SEEMS TO ME * H =S D I£l§M§ with the editorial attitude of —— this paper.—The Editor.

1 WONDER whether Americans in general and President Hoover particular realizes that the government’s plans to aid national industry are purely socialism? When the President suggests that the federal administration shall attempt to ward off unemployment by undertaking public work, he is following a formula familiar to many much more radical economists. And in pointing out this fact I am in no sense criticizing the schemes of our chief executive. To be sure, the government's proposals, as outlined by Hoover, constitute but a tiny fraction in the industrial life of the whole community. Nevertheless, it is a helpful gesture and a step in the right direction. ■tan Must Be Tested MOREOVER, I have no sympathy with such reformers as insist that Utopia must begin to function in its entirety by 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. No large scale economic change shall be undertaken until it has met the test. And the test for a large undertaking is the manner in which it works when tried in smaller compass. But I am tired of hearing men with ideas howled down as hoiTid paid agents of Moscow when the very notions which they advance later are hailed as inspirational, if only they happen then to be backed by so-called respectable auspices. Indeed, if prohibition had done nothing else for us, it should have hammered home the lesson that labels are singularly inexact as signposts. It is ridiculous to reject a legislative scheme because somebody gets up and shouts out roundly, “This is socialistic,” or “This is paternalistic.” And, likewise, I agree that no program should be adopted for the same reason. Panaceas are good when they work and useless if they fail, no matter how sound may be the theory upon which they seem to be founded. Political labels, as well as economic ones, ought to go into the ash cans along with those colored bits of paper which mendaciously proclaim that the product within is truly Gordon gin. Does It Work? ANY economic system which functions effectively for the j well-being of those who live under i it deserve their support. It is silly | to ask contented and happy people ;to support revolutionary experiments. I never have had sympathy with I any of the Communists who wanted j us to scrap all we had and promptily organize ourselves upon the ; Soviet syptem. Why on earth should we? At the moment, our plan seems to be working rather better than theiflfc

‘Singing in the Rain ’

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE-

only fourteen had to be urged to eat their food. When a child refuses to eat, the first step, according to Dr. L. J. Roberts, should be an inquiry into his physical condition. The onset of a cold, sore throat, or an inflammation of the tonsils or adenofds, constipation or indigestion may cause promptly a lack of desire for food. Too much eating, too much eating particularly between meals of candy, a diet that contains too much fat or too little vitamin B. or other deficiencies and irregularities of the diet may be responsible. Too little time spent outdoors, fatigue, too lit fie sleep or overstimulation by too many dancing lessons, piano lessons and outside activities beyond the school curriculum may be associated with a loss of appetite. Whenever loss of appetite occurs, there is dawdling over the food, playing around and malnutrition. In most instances psychological factors are far more responsible

But neither governmental nor economic systems are God-given. No moral problem is involved. Plain mathematical common sense is needed. If our present structure works, there is no need to look for any other. If it begins to warp here and there, it seems only reasonable to bring in a few props. But I am minded to cite the average conservative as a fantastic and illogical fellow. In piping times of prosperity he shouts'that industry must be allowed to proceed without any vestige of governmental interference whatsoever. Yet, when there is a turn for the worse, even though it be but brefly established, this same standpatter is the first one to cry aloud in agony and to ask petulantly why Washington does not immediately do something about it. a tt tt Graham ■McNamee OF late I find a strange heresy gaining ground. Here and there I run into people who deny that Graham McNamee is the kingpin of radio announcers. They proceed to worship strange gods and tell me that a gentleman (his name escapes me) with a southern accent can report football games in a more vivid manner. Asa rule, I avoid dogmatism and

*62ZXfJJL'LXSSS&j* -TqOANTJS Tjre=-

PRESIDENT PIERCE BORN November 23 ON Nov. 23, 1804, Franklin Pierce, fourteenth President of the Unite! States, was born at*Hills-br-ugb. N. H. He was the son of General Benjamin Pierce, a soldier of the Revolution and twice Governor of New Hampshire. % Young Pierce was graduated in 1824 from Bowdoin college, where he had formed a lifelong friendship with Nathaniel Hawthorne. Henry W. Longfellow also was among his college mates. He was admitted to the bar in 1827 and two years later took a seat in the house of representatives as a Democrat. In 1832 he was elected a representative in congress and in 1837 was elected to United States senate, the youngest member of that body. He resigned in 1842, before the expiration of his term, and resumed law practice. He took part in the Mexican war. Pierce was nominated at the Democratic national convention at Baltimore in 1852 as a compromise] candidate and easily won the elec-j tion. After retiring. Pierce traveled fo r several veers in Europe. . He died Oct 8, 1869.

than physical factors for failure to The children of the well-to-do in the city had more regular meals with better food, more sleep and outdoor play and better educated mothers than did the children who live in the country or the poor children in the city. Nevertheless, the latter ate with hungry parents and hungry brothers and sisters rather than alone. They were given little or no attention or distraction while at the table, since their parents primarily were concerned with feeding themselves. They were not urged to eat; the food was put on their plates as a matter of course and they ate it. The child understood that the food was something special and something obtained with considerable difficulty and therefore to be prized rather than merely a method of passing the time. Those less well-favored children were eager for food, while children of well-to-do families considered it something to be avoided.

say, when venturing an assertion, “It seems to me,” or “In my humble opinion.” But I am so much out of sympathy with the new heresy that I am willing to go on record and state dogmatically that McNamee is in a class by himself. Alone among the sporting commentors of the air, McNamee keeps up with the ball. He has told you whether the pass was successful or incomplete, while all his rivals are still fumbling around in an effort to broadcast who it was that threw the pass and for whom it was intended. The average fan cares very little where the play originated, if only he can find out immediately whether the ball fell uselessly to the ground or into the arms of a waiting end across the goal line. t a a Vivid Reporting I HEARD McNamee describe the touchdown with Southern California made after receiving a kickoff from Notre Dame, and it seemed to me that I never had listened to a more vivid piece of verbal reporting. The announcer ran down that field shoulder to shoulder with the quarter back, who carried the ball. McNamee has done his part to remove much of the fear of the machine age into which our generation is moving. McNamee has been able to take a new medium of expression and through it transmit himself—to give out vividly a sense of movement and of feeling. Os such is the kingdom of art.

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—ln answer to the statements by Dr. Morris Fishbein in his syndicated article “Average Barber Shop Not So Sanitary,” which appeared recently in The Times, we. the undersigned, subscribe to the following statements: Some patrons of barber shops go to get service daily, some three times a week, some twice a week, others twice a month, others once a month, and so on, the average number of visitors to a barber shop being about two a month. In a city with a population of 350,000, the barbers wait on 9,100,000 persons a year. Tjx all the volume of service rendered the public, have you personal knowledge of one case of infection this year, last year, or how long has it been, if ever? There are several reasons for the remote possibility of infection in the barber shop. The first is the general cleanliness of the public. The next is, that lye. the basis of all soaps, is the most effective germicide that we know. The barber uses soap to make lather, puts it on a person’s face, steams it,' washes it off, thereby sterilizing each patron against his own germs, before continuing the servic*. Ia-

__NOV. 23, 1929

SCIENCE By DAVID DIETZ—

Nation Consumes 60,000,000 Pounds of Wood Flour Every Year—But Doesn’t Eat It. SIXTY MILLION pounds of wood flour tire consumed annually In the United States. Wood flour, let us hasten to add. is not edible and the consumption spoken of is in industry and not at the nation's breakfast table. It is to be doubted if many people ever heard of wood flour. Its use indicates the way in which the chemist has co-operated with the nation's industries to eliminate waste. Wood flour is made by taking shavings and sawdust—at one time pure waste in the lumber industry —and grinding them to the consistency of flour. According to a survey just made by Arthur D. Little Inc., of Cambridge. Mass., 50,000,000 pounds of flour are produced annually in the United States while an additional 10.000.000 pounds are imported front Germany and the Scandinavian countries. Wood flour, though unknown by name to most people, makes up more than half the bulk of such common articles as inlaid linoleum, Imitation marble flooring, unbreakable dolls and radio panels. It also is used in the manufacture of dynamite. * m m Dynamite MORE than half the wood flour is used as a filler in the manufacture of linoleum. It is taking the place of ground cork for this purpose. “While ground cork originally was used for this purpose,” Little states “and still is preferred in some grades as the darker inlaid and jaspe patterns, on account of its superior resiliency, the lighter color of wood flour and its capacity for taking up pigments makes it a more satisfactory filler for those patterns in which light colors and delicate shades are desired. "Explosives of the type of dynamite account for a third quarter of the total demand for wood flour.” The wood flour is used in dynamite to cut down the sensitivity of the nitroglycerine and hence make it safe to transport the dynamite by railroad or auto. Formerly, a fine earth known as Kieselguhr was used for this purpose. But this earth was entirely inert and played no part in the explosion of the dynamite. Wood flour, on the other hand, when the explosion takes place, gives up carbon and hydrogen, which unites with the excess of oxygen present, thus rendering the explosion of the dynamite more complete and hence more powerful The third great outlet for wood flour is in the manufacture of such materials as bakelite and durez, known technically as plastics. These materials are used for the panels and dials of radio sets, for many parts of radio sets, such as the tube sockets and coil forms. They also are beginning to find a widespread use in the electrical Industry in general and in other industries. n m tt Incense * THE remainder of the demand, the survey of states, Is split among a number of activities, including the surfacing of wallpaper, the manufacture of incense and the cleaning of high grade furs. The price of wood flour ranges from $23 to SSO a ton. A few special grades bring as high as SBO a ton. About 75 per cent of the wood flour manufactured in this country is made from white pine. Poplar, Or, willow, maple and birch are used for special grades. Different industries require different types of wood flour. The color of the flour, its fineness and the amount of resin which it contains are important factors which must be watched with care. One of the great aims of chemistry finds Its realization to a great extent in utilization ol wood flour. That aim is utilization* of so-called waste products. The chemist feels rightly that there should be no such thing as a waste product. A good example of the way in which the chemist has converted waste products into valuable products 1s the case of the byproduct coke oven. Formerly coke was made in an open or “bee-hive” oven. The gases and volatile products arising during the process escaped into the open air. Now these gases and liquids are utilized. Dyes, perfumes and explosives, more valuable than the cok# itself, are made from them. Why is the lion called "The King of Beasts”? Because its bravery is unsurpassed and because there Is no other animal that can successfully meet it In combat under ordinary conditions.

section thereby becomes so improbable as to be only the merest shimmer of a dream. Witch-hazel is not used in barber shops as an antiseptic, though it is 14 per cent alcohol. It 19 used to allay any Irritation of the skin that may have been caused by shaving. Individual combs and brushes are absolutely unnecessary in a barber shop, as all tonics and face lotions have an alcohol base, so, in use they are self-sterilizing. One of the most notable facts concerning the hygiene of barber shops is, that no barber that you ever have noticed, ever has been seen with a skin disease on the face or troubled with scalp disease, they all use the same tools on themselves, that they use on the public. Barbers are recognized by insurance companies as preferred risks. Barber supply houses stand behind their goods for efficiency as healers and sterilizers. All things considered, the modern barber shop is the safest place possible for personal service. Charles C. Cavaners. 9 Ritter avenue; Homer E. Branaman, 5444 East Washington street; Leon C. Count, 9 Johnson avenue, and F. E. Ladar&ttifc 91 1 Audubon vead.