Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 154, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 November 1929 — Page 4

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Ohio’s New Senator C. McCulloch, the Canton <o> lawyer whom Governor Cooper has appointed to the United States senatorship to succeed the late Senator Burton, will Just get settled nicely when he will have to start campaigning for re-election. In fact he will not get settled comfortably, for it takes about a year to set up a campaign, and the law requires that McCulloch will have to go before Ohio voters next fall. But McCulloch is young for the place he has reached, being only 49. He is used to campaigning. He has campaigned for congress four times, winning three, and was a strong contender for the 1920 Republican nomination for Governor. y v McCulloch should make a creditable senator. He will be a hard worker, and earnest, according to his lights. He will be a ‘regular" member of the Republican majority in congress. Unless a miracle saves the standing of the Republican senatorial majority, which thoroughly has muddled the tariff issue, we do not envy McCulloch his campaign Job next fall. * The Man Hunt Goes On Thos*> interested in gunning for Communists and radical laborites should not get too much excited over the open season in North Carolina. The hunting seems unusually good the country over just now. In the Yuciapa case in California several defendants have been given a heavy prison sentence for flying a red flag from a summer camp of laborers’ children. One escaped through suicide. Five members of the Communist party in Chicago have been arrested and charged with robbery and violating the state sedition act. Bail of $15,000 each was demanded, the judge setting the bail after conferring with members of the American Vigilantes, a Chicago patrfoteering organization headed by H. A. Jung. Five Communist workers In the Ohio coal fields have been arrested at Martin’s Fern- in Belmont county, charged with criminal syndicalism. The district attorney has offered to let them alone if they will leave BelmOnt county and run to cover elsewhere. Three Pennsylvania radicals have been denied an appeal by the United States supreme court in the Woodlawn case and must serve their sentence of five years under the state sedition law. A dozen similar caseo are on the court dockets in Pennsylvania. The Woodlawn decision will serve notice on the Pennsylvania prosecutors that the bars are down. The delirium of 1918-20 was deplorable enough, but it could at least be urged in extenuation that a question of war and reconstruction was involved. The present sniping against radicals comes in a period of peace, order and plenty The Communists doubtless are fanatical. Yet Voltaire laid down the famous maxim that true support of real freedom of thought means that we shall be more insistent upon letting our opponents have their say than in hiring a hall for our friends to air their opinions. Moreover, as history often has so demonstr. ,ed, the best antidote for dissent is to encourage the development of its lung power. Gag a "red" and his species multiplies over night

A Federal Prison Program Federal prisons have been overcrowded shamefully for several years. Atlanta, with a capacity of 1,700, has this year at times held as many as 3,779 prisoners. Leavenworth, with a capacity of 1,560, houses 3,727. McNeil island’s facilities, supposed to care for 557, have been stretched to accommodate 978. The food of prisoners is prepared badly and served improperly. Industries have been established for only a few. So most of them are compelled to spend their time in idleness, which frays nerves and breeds disorders. These facts and others were cited by AttorneyGeneral Mitchell in an appeal for appropriations of $6,500,000 over a period of five years for establishment of five new federal prison units. Mitchell urged the need for employment to accomplish personal reconstruction. He said that the probationary' and, parole systems were not working properly because sufficient funds had not been provided. Surely congress will not begrudge the small amount asked to bring the federal prison system "in the near future somewhere near modern enlightened standards.” The existing condition is not new. It has develoned gradually, and has reached a point where action is imperative. Mitchell finally has offered a definite corrective program. Few will quarrel with his explanation of his purpose: "We have no purpose to make the federal prisons pleasant places for the inmates nor to indulge in sentimental coddling of the prisoners. We advocate proper housing, nourishing food, steady work. Strict discipline, and an educational program for prisoners, not because it makes life more agreeable for the inmates. but because it is in the interests of society. "The prison of the future should be at once a disciplinary school for those who can be reformed, a place of segregation for the incorrigibles, and a laboratory for the study of the causes of crime.” Hyphenated Americans Once More One of the chief epithets coined during the late World war was that of hyphenate.” Asa term of approbrium. it was particularly hurled at our GermanAmerican citizens, accused of divided allegiance. Alarmist pamphlets were written on "the tentacles of the German octopus in America.” This charge was directed against a large group of our citizens who had gained distinction for their contributions to our culture from the days of Carl Schurr. Francis Lieber and Franz Sigel to those of Victor Berger. With the return to calm reflection in the post-war days, a candid examination of the facts has proved that there was little or nothing to the allegation of disloyalty on the part of our German-Americans. At the most, they desired to give the German version of war origins a hearing and to have our state department as sensitive to British violations of our neutral shipping rights as It was to the German submarine campaign. Marcus Duffleld's article In November Harper's presents evidence that today we have a group of hyphenates in the American population. And Duffleld con-

The Indianapolis Times (A BCRIPPB-HO W AHI> NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dellj (except Sundayi by Tbe Indianapolis Timex Publishing Cos. 214-220 W Maryland gtreet, Indlanapolia. fnd. Price In Marlon County 2 cent* a cepj; eleewbert. 3 centa— delivered by carrier, 12 cents a week. BOYD GL'RLEY ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor Preaident Business Manager PHONE— Riley MM THURSDAY, NOV. 7, 1929. Member of United Prtaa. Kcrippa-Howard Newapaper Allirnce. Newapaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own IWay”

tends that many of them are such against their own will. They would prefer to be 100 per cent Americans in the better sense of that term. Here is Duffield’s thesis: "M”ssolinl is attempting to weld together a wellintegrated bloc of some four million Americans of Italian extraction. The Fascist League of North America, directed by Mussolini's appointee, Count Di Revel, opposes the naturalization of Italo-Americans. To become American citizens is to be disloyal to Fascismo. "Americanization policies are frowned upon. Determination to become an American exposes any Italian in this country to potential persecution. ItaloAmerican children are taught openly that Italy is their real Fatherland. "This campaign is being carried on so that Mussolini's program may receive the support of ItaloAmericans. He wants to make it certain that they will rally to Italy’s assistance in event of war. In short. Mussolini desires to maintain a great recruiting station in the United States. "That the Italian dictator has done wonders for Italy in a material sense can not be denied. But it must not be forgotten that his achievements have been won at the price of everything the United States has stood for in political and legal tradition. "However one appraises Mussolini’s regime, this much is certain: namely, that the able statesmanship of no foreign leader—be he a Mussolini or a Lenin—can entitle him to interfere with the right of any American to choose his allegiance and to affiliate with the land of his adoption.” We wonder what would have happened if it could have been shown that Moscow was carrying on such activities as those which Mr. Duffield has exposed. Certainly, the printing presses would have groaned under the burden of fat pamphlets for the Key Men of America.

Grundy and the Fathers American history provides the answer to the wisecracking of lobbyist Joseph R. Grundy, before the senate investigating committee. He told how much wealth and taxes his Pennsylvania has in contrast with the less populated and less industrialized states of the west, and asserted that wealth can talk big while its opposite must talk little in the making of tariff and other laws. Our history tells us that it was the idea of the Franklins, the Jeffersons, and the Adamses that property should have its voice in government. Even the value of the black slave was not neglected in apportioning the vote. But the founding fathers also had the idea that wealth should not be the only power in government. Men, and the personal rights of men; interests which should not be purely industrial; and even ideas were to be represented in congress. So for these very reasons they arbitrarily gave to each state, regardless of its size, wealth or population, two senators. It was to oppose the Grundys and Vares with men like Norris and La Follette that the senate plan was created. The fact that the senate has members who are blocking the tariff grab of the Grundys shows that the plan was a good one. The mayor of Lynn, Mass., issues an edict commanding the ladies to wear stockings. With winter just 4g-ound the corner, it looks to be as good a time as any to issue an order like that.

-p\ XT' A FREDERICK REASON B y LANDIS

THE late Senator Burton of Ohio never married and shortly before his death he said he believed he would be a bachelor again if he had his life to live over. All of which is as if he had expressed it as his deliberate judgment, after having lived eighty years, that carrots are much more appealing than parsnips, when in all those years he never had made the acquaintance of a single parsnip. tt tt a The merits of the proposition advanced by the late senator might be argued until the cows come home, after which the jury would be divided hopelessly, each member of it basing his attitude not upon the arguments offereed, but upon his own individual makeup, for be it remembered, parents like poets, are bom and not made. tt M tt It must be perfectly apparent to all w r ho were familiar with the late Senator Burton that he w r as designed to go through life in single rather than in double harness, that his life was intended to be rendered as a solo, rather than in a matrimonial duet or in a fireside ensemble, since he was an incurable intellectualist. tt a HE loved to sit up all night with a river and harbor bill, but we can not possibly picture him walking the floor at 2 o’clock in the morning with an infant, suffering from the colic, singing “Rock a Bye Baby” and tenderly patting the inflated latitude. Had such a crisis ever presentee itself to the dignified statesman from Ohio, we believe he would have sent his offspring a steel engraved card, courteously asking to be excused on the ground that he had a previous engagement. tt tr a The senator was in error to contend that no man ever deliberately chose marriage or matrimony, for many have done so, feeling that marriage was the proper thing, that it came at a certain stage of life, just like whiskers, while others have favored it because it used to be the only way that one could get a good cook for nothing, a condition which has been somewhat revised by the passing years. But as a general thing, marriage is not a matter of deliberation; it Is a spontaneous combustion. a o The distinguished statesman was correct whoo he said that circumstances determined whom one should take for better or for worse and we are forced to believe that with all his armor of intellectualism, the late Senator Burton might have crumbled into complete submissiveness had he encountered some of the fair daughters all of us have rested our eyes upon. # TITE can call to mind a dozen or so who could VV have made the grave and solemn law-maker and philosopher turn a handspring; we can reconstruct several fair faces from out of the mists of time which would have made the late senator uncertain whether he was chairman of the river and harbor committee or just a plain member of the committee on ventilation and acoustics. a a a The senator said that a bachelor was more efficient than a married man, which subjects life to an arctic appraisal from which all of flesh and blood must recoil with goose-flesh. He also says that one alone can make a home, which is as erroneous as to say that one jack is sufficient to open a pot in a poker game. tt a m When it comes to the real values sfre believe it is more important to give a bunch of kids a thrill on Christmas morning than it is to settle a problem of state and we believe it is a greater dignity to be indispensable to a family than to be chairman of any international tribunal.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy I SAYS: The Fact That President Hoover and Hiram Johnson Have Come to the Parting of the Ways Is Obvious; but Why? r T'HE election leaves little to be said. Mayor Walker's triumph was a foregone conclusion, and Virginia’s return to the Democratic column should have been. Chicago drives another nail in the political coffin of "Big Bill” Thompson, and Indianapolis does likewise by the klan. There were certain high spots, of course, such as the election of a Republican borough president in Queens, and the impressive vote polled by Norman Thomas, Socialist candidate for mayor of New York, but by and large, the returns were of a nature to delight the hearts of orthodox politicians. * bub So far as numbers were concerned, Mr. Thomas polled the largest vote ever cast for a Socialist in New York City, but by the law of percentage, he did not. Morris Hillquit received 145,000 votes in 1917, or 21.5 per cent of the total poll, while the 175,000 votes received by Thomas this year represent only 12.3. 1 It would have been necessary for Thomas to poll more than 300.000 votes to receive as large a per centage as did Hillquit. a b b Why This Break? THOSE who seek signs of what will happen in 1932 might as well ignore Tuesday’s results and turn their attention to Washington, where the tariff debacle, the lobby investigation, the prohibition row, and the break between President Hoover and Senator Johnson of California are stirring up real trouble. What has Senator Johnson done, anyway that he first should fail of appointment as a delegate to the London conference, and then be snubbed ? The fact that he and President Hoover have come to. a parting of I the ways obvious, but what j the public would like to know is why? B B B Meanwhile, Senator Brookhart | trots off to tell the grand jury what . he has already told the senate. What the grand jury can, or will, I do about it, is another and vastly I more puzzling question. A three-year-old dinner, at which ; flasks were supposed to be hidden ; on a curtained shelf for conven- ' ience of those guests who were not j averse to “helping themselves” does not promise very much, either by way of politics or prosecution. It might have been pre-war stuff, you know. BUB Brings Out the Truth STILL, history is interesting even if it does leave us a little helpless. Since every one likes to read the scandal spread by Suetonius conj cerning the Caesars, why not a little concerning the great and near great of our own times? Who shall say what thrilling discoveries we may make if the boys really get. excited? There is nothing like temper to bring out the truth. BUB Mr. Shearer got mad, brought suit against his employers, and we learned a lot that we did not know about "undercover work” at the Geneva conference. Backbiting, develoed by the tariff row, got Senator Bingham into trouble. If Brookhart continues his crusade, some others may get their dander up and treat the public to more unexpected disilosures. *

Debate has its advantages, even thought the Bolshevists and Mussolini appear unable to see them. They want action, rather than talk, If you please. The latter suppresses newspapers and applies castor oil. The former—Joseph Stalin speaking—tells the opposition to “get in line, or ” What the "or” means is illustrated vividly by the present plight of one Trotski who can’t find much of anything to do but study Turkish. tt tt U, S. Takes Foolish Stand MUCH as we may disagree with the policies pursued by Mussolini and the Bolshevists in this respect, and much as we may like to air our opinions concerning them, it is really none of our business. We have had sense enough to take that position with regard to H Duce. When it comes to the Bolshevists, however, we continue to maintain an absurd and futile pose, declining official recognition, as though such an exhibition of sheer sulkiness did either them or us any good. u tt a England takes a saner view' of the situation, with her ministry negotiating, and her parliament approving an agreement for the restoration of diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia. Why shouldn’t the United States do likewise? What are we gaining by this stubborn refusal to meet Russia in an open, candid way? On the other hand, what are we not losing? Kt/w are olive <s*es propagated? How often do they bear? They are propagated either from fig cuttings, sprouts or truncheons of old wood set in moist ground, or from gnarled, woody buds that form near the base. Such plants begin to bear in seven to nine years and yield crops either annually or in alternate years. The maximum yield is from trees about thirty years old. Is Firpo, former heavyweight boxer, still living? Yes. He is in business in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Where and when did Paul Kruger, at one time president of the South African Republic, die? In Th Netherlands in 1904.

Should Auld Acquaintance Be Forgot?

__—. < VNEmwELL! \ \ f Jf. -you DONT REMEM&ER ME j SHAKE,BLOW.' s fN. ?SHAW!-IWAS ' i ITS BEEIJ A f/jS, Jr**) INI VOOR OU> outfit * fv/ HA'.HA'. 1 CAM REMEMBER YOU —TOO WERE Ai-WAYS LATE. | * V ONI THOSE COLD, FROSTY GETTING INTO RANKS-- \ MORWIkIGS AT AND \ /Sflfe DAYBREAKREMEMBER cfe&V /phi Mi) Tin A) HOW the C CAPTAIN /If, HA —WHY,VOL)OUGHT 1/ j* wS|r \ TO REMEMBER fsAE. f— , sxj; . i* Jy \ IWASTHE k3Pry A /W t remewvber. You? W' Di uz i pc? Ka A Wt LooKl ' sia I TLCiS /a - \ TO* YOU FOR A /

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE ‘Common Cold’ Must Run Its Course

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THE most common of complaints is probably the most difficult to control. The common cold has been disturbing mankind for a good many years. The public cries loudly for relief, yet it is doubtful that there is any certain method of prevention or cure. It is recognized that the common cold is rather self-limited and tends to get better in two or three days regardless of what is done for it. One may soak the feet in hot water, take various remedies, use laxatives, go to bed, drink lots of water or do almost anything else without affecting greatly the amount of time necessary for relief. It is known that there are cer-

IT SEEMS TO ME By H ™

T7'ESTERDAY, for the first time in my life, I received a threatening letter. I was very much pleased. Years ago I resolved to beat down the prevailing impression that here was an amiable fat man without an enemy in the world. My nameless correspondent wrote: “Mr. Negro Lover Broun forgets that a certain house in Connecticut is burnable whether occupied or npt. Also, it has no bullet-proof windows, either.” He seemed to be agitated over the contention of this column that it would be monstrous for New York university to keep David Myers out of the game against Georgia. Indeed, he was so agitated that much of his letter by no means could be printed. Only one phase of the threat disturbs me, and that can be adjusted easily. If there Is any burning to be done, I hope my wellwisher will have sufficient intelligence to pick the right house. There are three In a row anc! the larger belongs to Miss Ruth Hale. It would be a mistake to touch a match to hers, for she would take it quite amiss. tt a tt Out of Luck EVEN my bold correspondent would be out of luck if Miss Hale caught up with him. So let him remember that mine is the one with blue window trimmings. If recollection serves me right, it is covered by an insurance policy at least as adequate as the roof. The sentence about the bulletproof windows appealed to my imagination much more, for here he touched upon a point which at times has troubled me very greatly. I come from folk addicted to longevity. My mother just has signed on for a course in tap dancing and my father sits calmly through market flurries, saying ever so often: “Buy me 500 steel.” And so in the normal course of events my obituary would read about like this: "Last night in the old folks’ home there died an inmate named Heywood Broun. He claimed to be 102 years old. "The aged inmate was fond of saying that he used to be a newspaper man once himself. Ho died from a complication of diseases. But

Questions and Answers

How long will a goldfish live in captivity? Dealers have been known to keep them for twenty years. One woman kept a goldfish more than sixteen years in an ordinary fish bowl. Five years is a good average lifetime for goldfish. Who was the first millionaire In the United States? Two of the earliest were John Jacob Astor, 1762-1848 and Stephen Girard who settled in Philadelphia in 1772. Girard was worth ten millions at the time of his death in 1832.

tain remedies which will suppress the excretion from the nose that flows too fluently, and other remedies that will give relief from pain. These things are directed, however, at the symptoms, but not at the cause. . Sir E. Farquhar Buzzard, one of the leading British physicians, emphasizes that the common cold is not curable, because it is only the manifestation of a battle royal between invading microbes and the tissues of their victim. "All that we can do,” he says, “is to render aid to the latter to shorten the struggle and hasten the almost inevitable victory.” He feels that the common cold is preventable, but that actual enforcement of the effectual preventive measures would produce such a social upheaval and raise such an outcry from the public that no min-

his faculties were clear fully right up to tjie end and he said that he could remember back to the day when Albany was considered ‘way up town’.” The paragraph would appear on Page 39, close to the “help wanted” advertisements. u u u Front Page Stuff? HAS my correspondent no conception of the difference It would make to me if some shot out of the dark came through a window and laid me low? There would be no marksmanship in that. Anybody with a gun who missed me should be penalized five yards. Only a couple of years ago Dorothy Parker was discussing wtih me our respective chances to achieve a firstpage death. Mrs. Parker felt that she had no chance to get there unless she was found dead in the blueroom of the White House with an ivory papercutter in her left hand and her right hand clutching a lock of President Coolidge’s hair. I am less modest than Mrs. Parker and I think I might easily begin on the first page, before jumping to the second section, if I were the victim in a mysterious murder. The police would say that they were working hard on the case and expected to make an arrest very shortly. The National Association for the Advancement of Negro People might send a floral horseshoe and some representative of the Scripps-Howard newspapers would ride in a carriage all the.way to the cemetery. Even The Times would carry an

THet\m VtypMMlV

BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE November 7 l THE Battle of Tippecanoe was fought on the Tippecanoe river in Indiana on Nov. 7, 1811, between 800 Americans under William Henry Harrison and an Indian force estimated at 6,000 commanded by White Loon, Stone Eater and Winnemac. On Oct. 11, 1811, while Harrison was building a stockade on the site of Terre Haute, one of his sentinels was killed from ambush. Harrison considered this the beginning of hostilities, so he marched to the site of the village of Battle Ground, where the Prophet, a brother of Tecumseh, was believed to be inciting the Indians to war on the whites. Nov. 6, he encamped within a mile of the town, having arranged to confer with the Prophet the following day. On the morning of Nov. 7. the Indians attacked the camp, but after two hours of stubborn fighting were driven from the field. Harrison marched to the town, found it deserted and destroyed it. It was partly because of this victory that Harrison was placed in charge of American troops in the west.

ister of health ever is likely to risk his position or his parts by bringing them into force. A common cold is essentially an attack of germs on damaged mucous membranes. The membranes may be damaged by heat, by cold, by dust or by a dozen other factors. The germs that do the attacking may vary in virulence according to the person from whom they come. In view of the present status ol our knowledge of a cold, it is reasonable to suggest that wisdom demands aiding the body in every way possible to overcome the bacteria. A body that is resting, with the bowels moving freely, using the right food and getting plenty ol fresh air and sunlight is more likely to overcome germs than one that Is fatigued and suffering with repeated attacks on the mucous membrane by bad environment.

Ideals and opinions expressed in (bis column are those if one of America’s most interesting writers, and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude rl this paper.—The Editor.

editorial suggesting that It was rather a pity for anybody to take the law into his own hands. B B B Profit Widely BUT if shot down from the bushes in the prime of life I would profit even more widely. My insurance policy makes me far more valuable dead than alive, but I am thinking of less materialistic benefits. Death is a solvent in which the vices disappear and only the virtures are remembered. And if there are no virtues the community is often kind enough to invent a few. Forgotten, then, it would be that I was shiftless, lazy and timorous, Even the caliber of my work might take on a higher rating. The dead, like the drunken, are generally credited with possessing great potentialities which they never had a chance to realize. "Had he lived,” charitable opinion would say, "he might have amounted to something.” (Copyright. 1929. by The Times)

Daily Thought

That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.—St. John 3:6. a * u <• THE contemplation of celestial things will make a man both speak and think more sublimely and magnificently when he descends to human affairs.—Cicero.

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NOV. 7, 1929

SCIENCE By DAVID DIETZ—

The Stream of History ’ Starts With the Birth of the Earth and Is a Great Work. WHAT is the use of a book without pictures?" asked the famous Alice of "Alice in Wonderland." Apparently Geoffrey Parsons agreed with Alice, for each of the four volumes of his “The Stream of History,” just published by Charles Scribner’s Sons is magnificently illustrated. There are approximately 150 illustrations in each volume and all are excellent. Parsons begins his history xrfiere a history should begin—not with dawn of civilization or even with tne activities of the cave man, but with the birth of the earth. Both H. G. Wells in his "Outline of History,” and Hendrick Van Loon in his "Story of Mankind,” devoted some introductory matter to the origin of the earth and the procession of life upon it prior to the coming of man. But neither, at least so it seemed to me. gave adequate attention to this phase of the matter. Parsons does better, devoting almost the entire first volume to it. The chapter titles in this volumts indicate the general plan. They are: “The Stream of the Past,” "Our Fragment of the Sun,” "The EverChanging Earth,” ‘The Mystery of Life.” “From Amoeba to Man.” "The Coming of Man.'’ "Ancient. Hunters of the old Stone Age,” "Herdsmen and Farmers of the New' Stone Age,” and “What Primitive Man Thought and Felt.” B B B Hour of Flame PARSONS writes simply and with charm. "There was once,” he tells us in the opening paragraph of his history, “neither printed page nor man nor earth. Os the solar system, there was only a great sun soaring through space. "In an hour of flame and rending it. sent forth blazing fragments which cooled into dark and spinning balls circling about the sun and shining in its light. Upon one of the smaller of these has developed all that we live among and are mountain and ocean, green things, fish, the great animals of the land, and. finally, mankind. "The earth still is turning from the force of that first thrust. But it is destined to turn more and more slowly. It is in a sense dying: and some day long hence, as far in the future as its beginnings is far in the past, it may cease to turn upon its axis, it may halt in its orbit about the sun. "It may come to rest and hang cold and lifeless in space, perhaps to fall back into the sun, ending in flame, as it began. "This is the story of that fragment of the sun and of the adventure that has happened thus far upon its flight.” I like this approach to the subject of history. It reminds man that he is a part of his universe, that his story is part of the story of the universe. We have had the economic interpretation of history. Such writers as Parsons are giving us a biological interpretation, even a cosmical interpretation. They make us realize man’s relation to the planets circling the sun, to the hills and mountains of the earth, and to the other creatures which roam the face of the earth. B B B Modern Age IN volumes two and three, Parsons traces the history of mankind from Egypt and Babylon into the middle ages. Volume four begins with the Renaissance and carries the story down to the present. It is interesting to note that he calls the present “The Age of Science and Democracy.” "Science and democacy have been the two basic forces of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,” he writes. "It can be argued that of the two, science was the more fundamental. Perhaps, when a fuller perspective is possible, the present era will be regarded as the age of science.” Writing of the rise of modern science, he says: "Pure science inspired the intellectual growth of this age. Applied science erected its physical background. “Both Ideas and economic facts were potent forces, and, despite the contemporary tendency to stress the supremacy of economic forces, no means of weighing the two elements are known. "The political and artistic history of these centuries best can be portrayed against this significant background of minds and machines.”