Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 103, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 September 1929 — Page 4

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The Schools Open Once more the public schools command the attendance of youth of the state and thousands of boys and* girls more or less eagerly return to the school rooms. The nation is dedicated to the policy of compulsory education. It is believed that the trained mind is the best defense against evils, either internal or menacing from without. It believes that the best citizen is the one who has been trained to think. One of life’s little ironies is that in this city at this time it is necessary to organize an uprising of the good citizens to rescue the school management from the hands of those vfco. such is the almost universal belief, are entirely unfitted to manage them. The handling of business matters in the school system has not been marked with any great degree of either economy or wisdom. There is very good reason to believe that the expenditure of money has been directed very largely by a maker of ventilators and a political boss. Most inevitably the private control of a public school system must, in the end, resuit in an inferior brand of education. It must, in the end, reflect itself in a lessened intelligence and a decreased ability of the individual to protect himself as a citizen. Os course, the policy of universal education is vindicated by the fact that there is an uprising and a determination on the part of a very large number of citizens to end present conditions. The people undoubtedly will relieve the Coffins and the Shipps of any further dictatorship. It is not within the possibilities that present conditions can continue, especially with the awakened public conscience, The City Manager League has insured public control of the city government through its fine recommendations for commissioners. Only an adverse supreme court decision can prevent the new government from bringing anew freedom to city affairs. The revolt against incapable or worse management of the public schools will be just as certain if its leaders show an equal sagacity and conscience in drafting candidates. The fact that schools are again open should remind fathers and mothers of their duty to recapture the schools from the forces of and hate.

Labor Feudalism An unusually obnoxious anti-labor injunction application has been made to a federal judge in Philadelphia. Manufacturers demand that the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America be restrained from unionizing the shops of that city. The application, according to news dispatches. to use the Sherman anti-trust law as a club against labor, on the ground that the union's strike is interfering with interstate commerce. That is nonsense! But it is particularly dangerous nonsense For it is an attempt to pervert the Sherman act. It po happens that th* union which would be victimized by such an injunction is one of the strongest and best in the country—best from the point of view of both labor and capital. It has more than 100.000 members. Its record in establishing order and prosperity in the men's clothing ndustry in other cities, and in co-operation with leading companies to improve labor conditions and production, is a brilliant example of the new unionism. Indeed, the Philadelphia- manufacturers charge in their injunction application that New York clothing manufacturers under agreement with the union are “co-conspirators." The notorious "yellow dog contract." now illegal in many states, enters the injunction case, The union is charged with persuading workers to break contracts in which they had been forced to sign away their right to join the union. Here is added proof of the need of a congressional remedy for the injunction evil, a reform already too long delayed Paid Propaganda If armament and ship building companies are employing undercover propagandists and lobbyists to defeat the government's naval reduction policy, they should be driven out into the open and dealt with accordingly. Pressure should not be allowed to sidetrack the department of justice investigation started by President Hoover and the senate inquiry demanded by Senator Borah. It already is clear that certain groups will try to make a goat of the notorious jingoist, William B. Shearer—and let it go at that. Similar ruses were attempted during investigations of the Harding administration. when underlings were to be shouldered with all the blame. We have no sympathy with the views of Shearer We often have pointed out the evil wrought by him and his kind. But we recognize the right of Shearer at Geneva or Washington or elsewhere to oppose the policies of the United States government. Whether Shearer is sincere in his militaristic agitation, or whether he is a war-monger for personal profit, are matters between that gentleman and his conscience, with which the public is little concerned. Whether he has been cheated out of a quarter million dollars in unpaid propaganda fees, as he charges In his suit against three large shipbuilding companies, is not in itself a matter of public interest. ( If it is a fact that companies now building cruisers secretly employed agents to break the Geneva disarmament conference and to force big cruiser contracts on this government, that constitutes one of the most sinister revelations since the World war. Under no conditions could such activities by commercial interests be justified and under no conditions

The Indianapolis l imes (A SCHIPPS-HOWABD NEWSPAPER) iivaH and published daily (except Sunday) by lhe Indianapolia Times Publishing l Cos. 214-220 W Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents a copy: elsewhere. 3 cents—delivered by carrier. 12 cents a week. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—HIIey 5551 MONDAY. SEPT. 9, 1929. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way ”

should such conspiracy be allowed to exist in this country. „ The President has put the issue squarely: "Unless the companies can show an entirely different situation from that which is purported in this suit, we are compelled to consider what measures can be proposed to free the country of such influences. It is obviously against public interest for those who have financial interest in, or may be engaged in contracts for, construction of naval vessels to attempt secretly to influence public opinion or public officials by propaganda In favor of larger armaments and attempt to defeat the effort of the government in world limitation of such armaments or to employ persons for such purposes.” Though the companies should not be judged until they have made the public statements demanded by the President, their yevasive statements so far are most unsatisfactory and disturbing. News dispatches quote officials of two of the three companies as admitting employing Shearer as an observer, but denying that he was hired as propagandist. If this is true, they have yet to explain why they continued their connections with him long after his propaganda was notorious in this country and abroad. Shearer at various times also is reported to have intimated that he was serving the National Security League and Daughters of the American Revolution. Since those organizations have devoted much of their effort in recent years to decrying alleged pacifist and red plots which they could not prove, doubtless they now' will consider it their patriotic duty to come forward and support the government in investigating the alleged militarist plot. The investigation should not stop with the Shearer case, which is only one small aspect of the larger war menace—who pays for such propaganda, and why?

Tariff Greed A body blow will be struck at the pending tariff bill if the senate progressive Republicans and Democrats are successful in obtaining from the secretary of the treasury records of profits of corporations affected by the bill. Except for a few scattered instances, we venture to predict that most of these records show such immense profits for the highly protected corporations that their pleas for still higher tariff rates would be shown to be insatiable greed. The National City bank in its September bulletin says that earnings for 536 manufacturing and trading corporations increased almost 37 per cent in the first six months of 1929, as compared with the first six months of 1928. The combined 1929 profits of these corporations, so far, amounts to $1,241,000,000. Some increases in profits were startling. Thirtyfive iron and steel companies, for instance, have earned $189,000,000. against $93,000,000 in the same period last year. They are more than twice as prosperous this j ear as last. Yet they would be among the largest beneficiaries of the present bill, both through tariff increases and through removal of the tariff on manganese ore, which they use. Chemical corporations, and those which make machinery, textiles and household goods, all recorded large increases. About the only industry affected by the bill showing an actual loss is leather manufacture, five companies reporting a deficit of $3,500,001 for the half year. Shoe corporations have earned slightly less ihan last year, but five of them show profit of $8,600,000.

REASON

ECKENER showed a lot of character to stay in this country and let the Zeppelin go to Germany without him, for it means to decline what would have been the greatest hour of his life and the greatest honor which has come to any German since Bismarck. Few mortals pass up such angel's food. a a a If the heathen read in the papers, which possibly they may not, that we have more than 200 separate religious denominations in the United States, it may cause them to question whether the missionary who brings them salvation represents the true church. It would simplify matters for the heathen and improve conditions in the United States if the number of our denominations could be reduced to something like twenty-five. a a a This declaration of the French scientist that he has a serum which will make old men young should be of particular interest to the Washington baseball club of the American League. a a a A MERCHANT of Paris, 111., was told by the Mayo doctors he would live 240 days and died on the 239th day, which shows, not the accuracy of the doctors, but the part, the mind plays in life and death. It’s always seemed to a man up a tree as if these medical experts could warn a patient of his peril, yet leave him something to cling to. It's not necessary to hand a man a death sentence. a a a You have all seen cases where those who were given so many days to live have returned from the clinics w'ith doom written all over their faces, and in most cases they die. and then again you have seen doctors who radiated courage and hopefulness and who injected the fighting spirit into their patients, even as they slipped into eternity. The latter is the hero and the philosopher. a a a Horrible as it is. this religious war in Palestine is none of our business. We believe in giving everybody all their rights under the American constitution, and in protecting them, so long as they stay in the United States. But when any of our people of any faith or any nationality leave the United States and go to a strange land to build a nation there, let them understand that they are taking all of the chances and that we who stay under the American flag take none of them. a a a SIR HUBERT WILKINS, the famous explorer, having survived many perils, the last being the Zeppelin flight round the world, encounters the greatest of all his hazards in seeking a successful voyage over the sea of matrimony with an actress from Australia. a a a One is astonished to learn that Secretary of War Cood has to take action to save the battlefield of New Orleans from becoming a cow pasture. It was there that Jackson with his army of whites and blacks annihilated the seasoned British army, led by Packenham, the greatest victory ever won by Americans over English. As the nation has preserved the battlefields of the Civil war. so should it protect these historic acres of the War of 1812. _

By FE L E A DEEI g CK

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

If Big Business Wants Less Regulation , It Must Drop the Idea of Trying to Shape Publicity Policy to Feather Its Oivn Nest. WILLIAM B. SHEARER sues three shipping companies for $250,000, alleging they have paid him only $40,000 on a $300,000 contract. Since the contract covered less than three years, and since Mr. Shearer’s activities appear to have centered around the naval conference at Geneva and various government activities at Washington, it is not surprising that President Hoover would like to know why. What could Mr. Shearer have done for the shipping companies that would be worth $300,000. There is no evidence that he was trying to sell ships, or stock in shipbuilding companies, or even the idea of privately owned shipping enterprises in peaceful trade. Indeed, his services can be regarded as valuable to ship owners only in so far as they tended to prevent the adoption of national or international policies tvhich would cause governments to buy, or subsidize, fewer ships.

Make Grief for Selves QHIPPING men, especially in this country, only make trouble for themselves in trying to link their business with the big navy idea. While they are In obvious need of government assistance, they would do much better to look for it in connection with peaceful pursuits. Tne American public is not going to burden itself with an unnecessarily large number of cruisers, submarines. or destroyers to help them out, neither can the American public be black-jacked by bought and paid for howls of patriotism. If business in connection with ships or anything else wants less regulations it must drop the idea of trying to shape publicity policy so as to feather its own nest. Taxpayers suffer enough, without being slim-slammed by hired propagandists and are suspicious enough, without discovering that they have • been imposed upon every so often. Putting aside the moral issue Involved, one could suppose that industrial and financial leaders could see the folly of such course. Even a child ought to know 7 that paid agents advocating a big navy to get work for shipyards, and paid lobbyists advocating free manganese after steel companies have contracted for a. vast amount of it in Russia, eventually -would do their employers more harm than good.

Peace Is Gaining ALL business is more or less dependent on public policy, but that is a liability rather than an asset. Instead of putting a premium on it, those who have the power should do everything they can to minimize it. This is especially true with regard to that phase of public policy which deals with war and peace. Popular opinion, not only in this country, but throughout the world, rapidly is crystalizing in favor of measures and methods that will substitute orderly adjustment of international controversies for arbitrament by arms, No business can save itself by defying this now-born current of thought, and if it doubts the possibility of growing and developing through the pursuit of peaceful activities, it would better throw up the sponge. Things have changed not only during the last century, but during the last fifty years. War no longer is regarded as either the primary objective of governments, or as the guarantor of trade. This change is illustrated vividly by the attitude of Dr. Hugo Eckener, who, though recognizing that the dirigible virtually has become obsolete as an instrument of war, still believe in it more thoroughly than ever. What is more to the point, men in the street will be quick to catch the drift of his logic, and to visualize the dirigible as holding a brighter promise for this very reason. The urge is no longer to invent and perfect devices that only can kill, or authorize public policies built on theory of destruction. a a a Hope for Peace increases WHAT the present generation wants is peace and prosperity and what it believes is that neither is possible without the other. Such men as Hoover and MacDonald are not. enunciating original ideas -when they advocate the limitation of military establishments and the substitution of judicial tribinals, but are interpreting a popular sentiment. Neither is the popular sentiment bom of pacifist preachment or bolshevist propaganda. Men of the greatest courage, men who have shed their own red blood, men who have shown that they were not afraid to engage in battle, are coming to believe that there is a better way to settle disputes than wholesale murder and that much of the wholesale murder men have committed in the name of patriotism was inspired by arbitrary and artificial means.

Daily Thought

Forsake the foolish and live; and go in the way of understanding.—Proverbs 9:6. a a a MY notions about life are much the same as they are about traveling; there is a good deal of amusement on the road, but after all. one wants to be at rest.— Southey. What five states ’ed in the number of divorces granted in 1923? In actual number of divorces Texas, Illinois. Ohio, California and Michigan led. The states having the largest number per 1,000 population were Nevada, Oregon, Oklahoma, Wyoming and Texas.

Cereals Essential to Good Diet

This is another article in the scries, “Know Your Food Values.” by Dr. Morris Fishbein. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hrgeia, the Health Magazine. CEREALS constitute the main portions of the diets of most of the people in the world. They are unusually digestible, although certain heavy breads, such as pumpernickel, are digested with difficulty and portions will come through the body without change. Rice is one of the cereals which constitutes a tremendous portion of the diets of human beings. A certain disease known as beriberi is due to the fact that the rice has been polished and this form of praparation removes the portion containing the vitamin B. There are various forms of nervous and digestive disorders which are associated with an absence of vitamin B from the diet.

IT SEEMS TO ME

THE fame of Bobby Jones as the greatest golfer in the world has been heralded so widely that his defeat naturally arouses surprise. In fact, some have hailed his fall as if it were a tragedy of momeiii. To be sure, any one who is at all familiar with golf must realize that even a genius may be put out of the running by a far less gifted player when the match is only eighteen holes. Perhaps there will be a demand for nothing but thirty-six-hole encounters next time, I don’t see why. Even in golf an aristocracy should not be established. It is a good thing for the game to have Jones lose now and again. It is a good thing for Jones. The youngster who put out the champion had to perform prodigies to achieve his triumph. There is no fairness in suggesting that the result was a fluke, even though it is likely that Bobby could trim him nine times out of ten. What of that? Eighteen holes may furnish a less exacting test than the double round, but it is a standard golfing distance, and the verdict deserves respect. a a a Lady Luck THERE is luck in golf, as in most other sports. As far as I know, chess is the only field of human competition in which chance has been reduced to a minimum, and for that very reason it is also one of the dullest of pastimes. Luck can have much to do with success in politics, industry, or even art, I do not see why it should be barred from the golf course. A few believe that the processes of science owe nothing to chance, but Newton needed to get a break with the apple, and Franklin’s thunderstorms seem to have come along at a convenient moment. Moreover, a friend of mine who is engaged,in medical research tells me that many of the greatest discoveries in his field were made by men who were upon the trail of something else. And Columbus, so the teacher said, was looking for a northwest passage. Men engaged in pursuits far more important than the attempt to win the amateur golf championship have been obliged to submit to the dictates of fate. Jones does well to take his debacle calmly. He cut a shot too fine and fell into a pit. Napoleon did the same thing at Waterloo. Bobby should anoint himself with the satisfaction which comes to those who failed while greatly daring!” It was a reckless stroke and not a timid one which sent Him to the sidelines. a a a Separating Sexes 1 WOULD like to know much more than the newspapers afford about the methods of Professor Lewis M. Terman, who read a paper to the assembled psychologists at New Haven on masculinity and femininity of mind. The good professor made mental

Walking the Plank

-.DAILY HEALTH SERVICE-

Most of the cereals are rich in carbohydrate. For example, three tablespoonfuls of farina, weighing about twenty-seven grams, will contain three grams of protein, onehalf gram fat and twenty-one grams of carbohydrates. Grapenuts, puffed wheat, puffed rice, shredded wheat and wheatina all have about the same composition. Three tablespoonfuls of any of these cereals will provide 100 calories to the body, a very small amount of phosphorus, little, if any, iron and, in the case of the whole wheat products, some calcium. All of them will provide vitamins A and B, except that the polished rice products contain relatively little of any of these vitamins. Thus, the cereals are energy producers and weight builders, as are all foods rich in carbohydrates. The diet of the growing child should be relatively rich in cereals for the same reason.

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tests on thousands of subjects and finds that masculinity is waning. At least he found what he termed feminine traits in the thinking of many of his male subjects. , I have no idea just hov; a scientist handles this question, but I know that a- great deal of rubbish is talked by critics of literature and painting as to what is virile and. what isn’t in art forms. Plenty of reviewers will say with absolute confidence that an anonymous book is by a. man or a woman. I don’t know how they do it, and as a matter of fact, their guesses are wTong just about half the time. Surely, it isn’t as simple as picking out every swaggering adventure story ( as male in its origin and assigning boudoir books to women. The most delicate and searching study of feminine psychology which I know r was written by D. H. Lawrence, while “The Sheik” was written by a woman. Professor Terman finds that masculinity in America is declining, particularly among married men. This need present no difficult problem. If the process continues it will be simplicity itself to change the gender terms about. The trousered people can be called “Women” and the skirted ones “Men.” But maybe the trousers will change, too, tt tt tt Not ‘Gaffer’ WITH increasing irritation I perceive an effort to place me among the sere and yellow deans

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CALIFORNIA JOINS UNION Sept, 9

ON Sept, 9, 1850, California was admitted to the Union as a free state. The admission of California was made possible by the famous compromise measures of 1850 passed by congress in a general settlement of certain questions arising out of the struggle over slavery. Henry Clay had offered to the senate, in the spring of 1850, a general scheme of adjustment, which provided that California saould be admitted as a state with her free constitution; that territorial government should be created in the other portions of the Mexican cession without reference to slavery: that trading within the District of Columbia in slaves brought there for the purpose of sale should be forbidden; that there should be a more stringent fugitive-slave law, and that Texas should release all claims upon New Mexico in return for the assumption by the national government of the old Texan debt. Despite spirited debates, congress passed practically the whole of Clay’s plan and by the end of September the bills all , had been signed by the President

The development of the prepared breakfast foods has done much to add variety to the cereal diet. By this means, flavor, palatability and other ingredients may be supplemented and increased. It must be remembered also that the cereals usually are supplemented with milk, cream, and sugar and that these serve to add to their food value. The proteins of the cereal. foods are not sufficient to serve alone as body builders for most people, and are best supplemented with proteins from meat and milk products. The muscle meats do not provide much more in the way of dietary properties than do the cereals and must be supplemented with calcium, sodium and with the various vitamins. Such supplementation comes from such meats as liver, kidney and giblets, generally also from milk products.

Ideals and opinions expressed in thjs. column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers, and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the attitude of this papcrSSiThe Editor.

of journalism. The young men on the Telegram have a habit of referring to me as Uncle Heywood. To the Scripps striplings anything beyond 30 seems senescence. And now another blow has fallen. In an interview with P. G. Wodehpuse, Milton Mac Kaye of the Post observes: “It developed that Mr. Wodehouse, born and brought up in England and reporter of its most idiotic moments, had as much right to reminisce about Jack’s as Frank Ward O'Malley or Heywood Broun.” (Copyright, 1929. by The Times)

Questions and Answers

Did the United States get Louisiana from Spain or France? It was ceded by Spain to France and sold by Napoleon to the United States, Who made the first dictionary? The earliest dictionary of which there is any mention is one made in Nineveh in the reign of Assurbanipal in the seventh century B. C. which is impressed in a number of clay tablets in cuneiform letters. Who wrote the story “War Birds?” It is the di:)y of an unknown aviator and is listed at the Library of Congress as anonymous. How long do cats live? The normal life of a cat is from twelve to fifteen years.

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_SEPT. 9, 1929

SCIENCE

BY DAVID DIETZ Scripps-Howard Science Editor Astronomers Seek New Yardstick to pleasure Vast Distances in Universe. THE annual meeting of the American Astronomical society in Ottawa. Canada, recently, showed that the most noticeable thing Is the way in which the field of astronomy has expanded. So great has been the growth in territory opened up to astronomers, that they are seeking anew yardstick to simplify their measurements. Originally, astronomers were content to talk in miles. But as some idea of heavenly distances was grasped, it was found that it was cumbersome to talk in miles. So the distance from the earth to the sun was taken as a yardstick and named the astronomical unit. An astronomical unit, therefore, is | 93,000,000 miles, the from | here to the sun. Thus instead of I saying that the distance from the ! sun to Neptune, the outermost planet of the solar system, is 2,700.000,000 miles, astronomers found it easier to say that the distance is thirty astronomical units. But °s science developed methods for attacking the problems of the distant stars, even the astronomical unit became too small as yardstick. The nearest star is 25.000,000,000,000 miles away. Other stars are even a thousand times as far away as that. Stating such distances in miles is not only difficult, but fairly meaningless. Such large figures convey little in themselves with each other. So anew yardstick, known as the light-year was adopted. tt a a Light-Year THE light-year is the distance which a beam of light travels in one year. The speed of light, like the speed of radio, is 186.000 miles a second. In a year, therefore, a beam of light will travel 6,000,000,000,000 miles. This distance constitutes a light-year. On this basis, the nearest star if four and a third light-years away Other stars are ten light-years awa Still others a hundred. Still othe v a thousand. The Milky Way looks to the ur aided eye like a filmy streak r luminous cloud across the sky. Ti telescope reveals it to be compos, of millions upon millions of stars. Some of those stars are 150. C light-years away. The light-year is not only a co venient unit, but one of drama: significance. The light-year not only tells tl distance of the star, but the numb of years it takes a beam of ligl to reach the earth from the star Suppose you gaze up at the sta tonight. The particular beam ( light which reaches your eye fro one star may have started on i journey when Washington we crossing the Delaware. Some other star is so far aw? that King Tut was still ruling i Egypt when the particular beam c light which now reaches your ey. started its journey. And some other star is so i? away that the gigantic dinosau. still roamed the earth, when it beam started toward the spot whei you now are. o tt r Ten Million BUT even the light-year has b: come too small a stick for t modern astronomer. For he no longer is confined by the limits oi the Milky Way. Beyond our Milky Way, or galaxy, as the astronomer calls it, are the spiral nebulae or exterior galaxies. Some of them seem to be great collection of stars like our own Milky Way, while others seem to be great globes of gaseous material. These are occupying the attention of many of the foremost astronomers today. The most astounding discovery about them was recently announced by Dr. Harlow Shapley of the Harvard observatory. He finds that many of these exterior galaxies seem to be distributed in groups or systems which he has named galaxies of galaxies. These galaxies of galaxies in turn, appear to be organ l zed into supergalaxies of galaxies of galaxies. It has also been suggested that these super-galaxies be called clouds of galaxies. But for their study, anew yardstick is needed, for the most distant nebula is a billion light-years away. Shapley and Dr. Edwin P. Hubble of the Mt. Wilson observatory have suggested anew yardstick equivalent to 10,000,000 light-years. You can convert that to miles by multiplying it by 6,000,000,000,000. As yet they have no name for it.