Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 65, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 July 1929 — Page 8

PAGE 8

S C * / /> P J - M OW Afifj

All Hard Boiled Once ajrain those who believe that the way to protect society is to be harsh, vindictive and hard boiled, no matter what the Constitution may suggest as to the purpose of the penal code, will again feel easy. Criticism of the parole of two prisoners got results. Once again the Governor is hard boiled—or thin skinned. Relatives and friends who pleaded for some sort of leniency for prisoners at Michigan City were turned away with only the echo of “next case” in their ears. The warden of the prison barred a representative of one press association from the meeting. This was the penalty for the accuracy and courage of that young man in sending out a story of a riot inside the prison in which one prisoner was killed. The warden does not like to read about killings inside his prison. The banishment of this reporter was quite logical under the hard boiled policy. Suppression of news is a necessary factor. For riots are the inevitable reaction of hopeless men to difficult surroundings. And the warden lias had considerable experience ift suppressing reporters. He stood guard over Stephenson when state senators were trying ret that notorious prisoner to reveal the secrets of his black boxes. If further evidence is needed to defend the state authorities from any charge of being at all sympathetic or sentimental, it may be remembered that Daisy Sullivan, the 18-year-old Bloomfield girl who forged a check for $2.60 to buy a few bananas when she was hungry, is in the women's penitentiary, doomed to serve, apparently, the full term of her sentence of from two to ten years. True, no one cares .particularly about this girl. She never had a chance, so why . hould she have one after she had done so terrible a thing as to forge a check for so great a sum as $2.60? Os course, in nearby counties, juries disagree when bankers forge checks for thousands and escape jails. The state gives exactly the same sentence to those bankers who are so unfortunate as not to bang the juries. But Daisy is inside the prison. Every day, in all probability, she is becoming move and more hard boiled. In time she ought to become hard enough as to merit promotion to some position of trust, or to greater crimes. Smoot on the Defensive Tile majority members of the senate finance committee behind closed doors are whipping the HawleySmoot tariff bill into form for presentation next month on the floor. The coalition of progressive Republican and Democratic senators opposed to the prospective high rates meantime is beginning to function effectively. The Democrats, through the newly established headquarters of their national committee in the capital, almost daily are issuing broadsides against different features of the bill. Evidence of the effect of this onslaught is to be seen in the statement of the usually calm chairman of the finance committee. Senator Smoot, in which he charges that “a deliberate campaign of misrepresentation" is being carried on. The Utah senator is on the defensive. It may be that Smoot was aroused by the latest attack circulated by the Democrats, which was from Senator Borah. Borah was one of President Hoover’s most ardent supporters, and was insistent on a special session of congress. Yet his public expressions are being used by the Democrats to assail the tariff which his own party is writing. The case of Borah serves to emphasize the differences of opinion among Republicans. Borah has directed his attack at one of the worst provisions of the Tariff bill, that which vastly would increase the powers of the President to raise or lower duties. Under the Fordney-McCumber bill now operative, a President can raise or lower duties to "equalize" the costs of production of goods here and abroad. But this equalization is supposed to be made scientifically and accurately, after a thorough study by the tariff commission. The new bill would enlarge the President’s powers so that he could adjust rates to equalize “costs of competition" in this and foreign countries on information furnished by a recognized tariff commission, which would no longer be nonpartisan. -We are delegating the full taxing power to the executive," Borah declares. “In my opinion, the present proposal is in utter violation of the Constitution. Absolute bureaucracy is sure to result if the trend is not checked." Obviously, “equalizing competitive conditions." is a vague process, not a mathematical operation. Borah’s position has wide support. The point he makes can not be answered by mere generalities from Smoot. • Not Defying Congress In seeking to establish peace based on something besides fear. President Hoo\er and Premier MacDonald must expect opposition. It already is revealing itself. The Washington Post, which habitually voices the militaristic viewpoint, indicates one form this opposition will take. “There is certain to be widespread protest aganst suspension of the cruiser-building program without authority of congress and in defiance of cruiser legislation," says the Post, editorially. Asa matter ot fact, there is no defiance of congress in the action of the President Under the cruieer bill passed last winter, ne has until July 1. 1930, to start constriction work on the three cruisers in question. It is true shat, under this bill, he could have had the keels laid this fall and it is true that under normal conditions this would have been done. But he was

The Indianapolis Times (A h< KIFPS-HOW. AKD NEWSPAPER) Owcod and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-2- W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents— in cent* a week: elsewhere.,B cent*—l2 centa a week BOTH OCR LEY. ROT W FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor President Business Manager THON'E —Riley 6551 FRIDAY, JULY 26. 1829. Member of United Pres*, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

not required to have work started before next summer. Conditions ceased to be normal when Premier MacDonald announced the suspension of work on two British cruisers and other warcraft. The President took advantage of this fact to delay our contemplated construction. Os course, it is probable that the President hopes he may never have to build these cruisers at all. It doubtless occurs to him that it is cheaper to refrain from building $50,000,000 worth of cruisers than it is to build them and scrap them afterward. Congress will be meeting again before expiration of the time within which this work must start. If it leels the President is defying its wishes, it can straighten him olit—make him get to work building battleships. But we doubt that congress will feel that way. , Congress passed the present cruiser bill in a spasm of fear and suspicion. There was little in the situation between this country and Great Britain to allay this distrust, save the prospect that the pacifist labor party might be swept into power at the spring election. Ccngress was not in a mood to rely on this prospect. Now, however, it has become reality. Men who want peace and plenty of it are in control in England. Their leader lays the first sacrificial battleships on the altar of peace. Surely there is no affront to congress in the quick response of the President. After all, his action merely means holding up the expenditure of the people’s money until the effect of the British action can be examined. And it is not too much to hope that before the coming congress adjourns so much progress will have been made toward general armament reduction that cong ss will be prepared to relieve the President of the necessity of ever building this particular group of cruisers. The Bremen’s Achievement The feat of the North German Lloyd's new liner Bremen in establishing a record for trans-Atlantic sailings is more than a creditable exhibition of engineering skill and seamanship. It is evidence of Germany’s desire to resume her place on the seas which she lost as a result of the World war. It is evidence also that the young republic is recovering from the war's demoralization, that she retains her old inventive genius and skill, and has the initiative to apply them. The Bremen, which lowered the record of the British Mauretania by nearly half a day, is said to embody many innovations in shipbuilding. She is beautiful, comfortable and fast. It is likely that anew struggle for the North Atlantic traffic is in the making among England, France, Italy and the United States. Already it is reported that a British line is prepared to construct a vessel that will outstrip the Bremen. French and Italian lines similarly are preparing to build. And the new owners of the United States lines will build two giant ships designed to surpass all others. The pride of the German nation in the Bremen’s achievement is easily understood and well warranted. The population of the United States is increasing at the rate of more than 1,500.000 a year. Wonder if that figure has been revised since Philadelphia arrested A1 Capone? France is trying to cut down on American movies. We could cut down a little ourselves and not be too restrictive. Isn't it about time we’d be hearing of a woman with twelve great-grandchildren staying up in a plane 300 hours? Golf is like marriage; it looks easy.

___ David Dietz on Science Leaf Has Cuticle No. 418.

LET us continue with our examination of the structure of a leaf. As we have seen, the leaf consists of five kinds of tissues, the outer skin or epidermis, the green interior or mesophyll, and the three kinds of veins These tissues, like all other tissues in both the plant and animal world, are made up of cells. The cells which compose the epidermis are flat. They are irregular in shape, packed closely together

STOMA /-Nr V guard Part of a leaf Showing a stoma and A guard cell.

eral very useful purposes. Water does not pass very easily through the cuticle. Asa result, it keeps the leaf from losing its moisture when exposed to the hot sun. The cuticle also acts as a protection against disease germs, for there are plant diseases as well as animal diseases and many bacteria specialize in attacking plants. Here and there, the epidermis is characterized by a tiny opening or pore. This is known as the stoma, from the Greek word for mouth. The plural of thcword is stomata . The stomata connect the air spaces inside the leaf with the outer atmosphere They are very important, for it through them that the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere enters Each stoma is surrounded by two crescent-shaped green cells known as the guard cells. The guard cells by contracting and expanding, open and close the stomata, thus controlling the entrance or egress of air. The stomata are exceedingly small. Most of them are so small that it would take 2 500 of them to make a hole as large as an ordinary pin hole. They are present in large number, however. There will be more than 500 000 of them to the square inch in the case of some leaves. Dr. Transteu writes that about one hundredth of the area of an ordinary leaf is occupied by stomata. They can net be seen, of course, without the aid of a powerful microscope. The interior rs the leaf, the mesophyll, is composed of soft, thin-walled cells. We shall have more to say about these in the next article.

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

In Spite of Our Civilized Ways , Life Still Remains the Same Slender Thread. GENE HOWE must find three dozen bottles of good beer in Borger. Tex., or “suffer the consequences.’’ He has been so informed by the local court. If he can't, he ought to “suffer the consequences,” but let that pass. Parenthetically, Gene Howe is the editor and author who has done so much to put Amarillo, Tex., on the map. mao Borger Beer SOME time ago Howe extolled the quality of Borger beer in his column, “The Tactless Texan.” Then he went to Borger on a good-will trip sponsored by the Amarillo Chamber of Commerce, which suggests that the heading of his column is truthful to a fault. He was arrested on arrival and brought into court, where the “no release without oeer” sentence was pronounced. What most people would like to know is whether, deep down in his heart, that Borger judge wants to see Howe fail, or succeed. tt tt tt Dry Slaying Trials TWO dry agents have been charged with killing tv/o farmers in Oklahoma, but that is about as far as justice seems able to get. It is the same old scrap with regar c} to jurisdiction. The federal court claims the right to try them on the ground that they are employes of Uncle Sam. The state court claims such right on the ground that murder is a state offense. Cases of this character are becoming quite common. They suggest that there is some sense in Mr. Wickersham’s idea of dividing and defining authority with regard to prohibition enforcement. u u a % Rum Smuggling Goes On ACCORDING to reports from Ontario, the biggest liquor exporter at Bridgeport has sold out his business to a Detroit river rumrunner. The traffic is flourishing, say these reports, with every description of launch, speed boat, sea sled and even skiff in commission, while the coast guard patrol seems quite helpless. If Uncle Sam’s dry machine did not have to keep an eye on local speakeasies, spy on local police and assist the constable at every crossroads, or fork of the creek, it could at least concentrate on the border trade. a tt a Failure of the Law RUM runners are not the only offenders the law fails to catch. New York still is waiting to learn who killed Rothstein and Marlowe. Even when it catches them, the law frequently is puzzled over the question of what to do with the offenders. Comes Sam Watson of Spokane, Wash., confessing that he killed a man at Folsom, N. M., thirty-six years ago. The sheriff at Folsom telegraphs that he has no money with which to pay Watson’s traveling expenses, but that if the latter wants to come back, his case will be given consideration. Watson says he hasn’t any money either, and, “I’ll be hanged if I’ll walk.” tt tt tt Desert Still Untamed SPEAKING of New Mexico and the surrounding region, we haven’t quite made the desert safe for humanity. The bodies of a man, a mother and six children have just been found near Blythe. Cal., where they perished from thirst and hunger. For some reason, their automobile stalled. After drinking all the water in the radiator, they set forth to find a fresh supply. The sun-scorched waste claimed them with no more ado than it once claimed the traveler by covered wagon. tt tt a Slender Life Thread TN spite of all our civilized ways A and devices, life remains the same slender thread. We build an engine, and it either fai’s, or crushes us; we ban liquor, only to die by wood alcohol, or in a brawl; we wage a successful drive against tuberculosis only to find cancer gaining. In most cases it is our own puny brains that fail to click. o a The Unloaded Pistol ttOW many times have you heard JL 1 of someone being killed by a gun that wasn't loaded? Well, here it is again, and with a life-savinr expert in the title role. Captain William Kleb, field representative of the Red Cross, was showing police officers of Allentown, Pa., how to get away from a man ho’ding a pistol to one's back. Kleb told a patrolman to take a u*stol, hold it to his back and pull khe trigger as he demonstrated the prooer maneuver. Every one supposed the nistol was empty, but it wasn’t, and Kleb Is reported as dying.

and for the most part are colorless. The walls of the cells which are on the side exposed to the air are thicker than the other walls. This thickening is due to an accumulation of a wax-like materia; called cutin. which forms a layer over the surface of the leaf. This layer is known technically as the cuticle. This cuticle serves sev-

Daily Thought

The foolish shall not stand in thy sight; thou hates all workers of iniquity.—Psalms 4:5. ts a a AFTER a man has sown his wild oats in the years of his youth, he has still every year to get over a few weeks and days of folly.— Richter. Is there a black diamond? The bort or carbonado, which is unsuitable for gems, but is extentively used on the cutting edge of drills for tunneling and prospecting, is commonly called black diamond.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

And It Started as a Lovely Picnic!

‘"K^^v^XsSfe ;, “ £.** ’** “ derot v\&£v . <p . ## TV.RENTV y*£y Al£t:. —?^FW

Reading Errors Due to Psychology

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygela, the lealth Magazine. PEOPLE sometimes make peculiar errors in reading. In fact, the confusion of a letter or two in a word sometimes has far-reaching results hardly to be estimated by the printer who makes a typographical error or by the proofreader who overlooks it, or by the newspaper reader who confuses the material after it is correctly set. Realizing the importance of errors in reading, the British Medical Research Council has made a series of studies on the physiology of vision and on the psychology of reading. The committee found, for instance, that much depends on the ability of the person who reads to comprehend the material that he is reading. When the meaning of the material read is comprehended fully, errors in reading are negligible; when the meaning is not understood, when there is not a continuous con-

IT SEEMS TO ME * H ™

INCOME tax figures recently set North Carolina down as second among all the states in its prosperity, and yet in Gastonia, a mill worker may toil through a long week of twelve-hour days axid receive $9 as her pay. This, to be sure, is a little below the scale. It was a widow with five children who got the $9, and perhaps her necessity enabled the mill bosses to take advantage of her position. Here and there some woman may earn as much as sl6, but that’s the top. At that point she can look forward only to the grind from dawn to dusk and quick dismissal when she can no longer follow the pace set by the looms. The newspapers of America have not given much sympathy to the workers who are conducting a fierce and bitter strike which has led to bloodshed. Sympathy is withheld because this is a communistic walkout. Communists organized the shops and the funds which keep the men and women alive in their tent colony come for the most part from believers in the soviet system, a a Tells Sad Story IHAVE not seen with my own eyes the women and the children coming from the shacks at 6 o'clock to give the whole sweep pf the sun to making America the most prosperous of all the nations. I sat and listened to Mrs. Bertha Crawford tell of the things which go on in those backwaters to which a beneficent government has not yet brought the full dinner pail. A tall, gaunt mountain woman, she spoke with slow deliberation and little dancing flames of truth seemed to perch upon her phrases. It, has been said that this dispute was fomented by agitators schooled in Russia, but at the very

Questions and Answers

Xou can get an answei to an.y answer aoie Question of tact or tnlormauon t Anting tc Frederick M Editor Ihe Indiar.apoiis Titr.es Wash :ne tor. Bureau 1322 New York avenue Washington. D C inclosing 2 cents u. "tamo!* for reply Medical ana lexa advice can not be given 'or can ex tendee research oe made All O-hei Questions will receive a oersonai reply Unsigned reauests car not be answrerea Ail letters are confidential You are cordially invited to maie use of this service What Is copra? The dried kernel of the cocoanut, broken up. It comes from islands in the South Pacific and is used to manufacture cocoanut oil and stearin. How many Presidents of the United States have been bachelors? President Buchanan is the only one. What do the names Bertha and Florence mean? Bertha means bright and Florence vernal beauty. Is lime good for gardens? What qin*'ty should be used? It is valuable to reduce the acid-

-HEALTH IN HOT WEATHEIt-

text, the person who reads is likely to introduce into his reading substitute words which merely make confusion or nonsense. This is, of course, of the greatest importance to those who read material on scientific subjects or on health. It is quite frequently necessary to use a scientific word of which the meaning may not be generally clear. Most writers on health for the public attempt to include definitions or substitute words which will aid understanding. It is, of course, advisable when understanding is not had to look up the word in the dictionary and to make certain of its meaning. In a long experience of conversations with the public on health subjects. the answering of letters from the public requesting health advice and the discussion of scientific matters before public audiences, I have heard innumerable peculiar uses of scientific words by people, who revealed through such use the fact

least they had for their material the most unmixed native stock to be found anywhere in the country. The bosses told the workers in the mill that the organizers had no desire save to make trouble. It seems to me that when any group of workers is caught in such an economic trap as in Gastonia, there is already trouble. There was no Eden which the communists disrupted. I asked Mrs. Crawford yftiat life was like outside the long factory hours and she looked at me in some wonder when I spoke of motion pictures and calls at my neighbor’s house. Quite patiently she explained that it was necessary for her to get up at 4 o’clock to cook breakfast for the children. Breakfast would oe in the more prosperous homes biscuits, black coffee and some sort of meat which she called “fat back.” Promptly at 6 o’clock she went to the mill. And when another 6 ' o’clock came around she returned to get the dinner and clean the house. And after that she admitted that she felt a little tired. No, she was not much for the movies or social calls, tt tt tt Too Tired JN other words, a worker in Gas--1 tonia has not of each twenty-four hours not more than sixty minutes which he may use for recreation, self-improvement and general high jinks. And before anybody asks why i these downtrodden ones don't move away, let him remember that the | mills get them young and the twelve-hour day does much to sap j energy and initiative when a child 1 is 10 or 11. Officially the mill will not consent to let the little workers in quite so young, but if parents say a boy is 12, then 12 he is. You can’t go

ity of soils and should be used at the rate of half a pound to the square yard to sweeten freshly plowed or dug soils that are too rich on account of heavy manuring. It has the property of making clay more open or friable, and conversely, of firming a sandy soil. It neutralizes the acids that are in soils. What solution may b used to combat brown aphids that cluster on the stems and leaves of the nasturtium? Spray with a nicotine solution. What cities in America lead in the production of assembled automobiles? Detroit and Hint, Mich.; St. Louis, Mo.; Pontiac. Mich., and Toledo, 0., in order named. On what day of the week and month in the Christian calendar did the first day of the Jewish Passover fall in 1906? Tuesday, April 10.

that they did not clearly comprehend the nature of the terms. Sometimes the results were ludicrous; in other instances, even serious. Printers occasionally make typographical errors confusing such words as bridge and bride, month and mouth, person and prison, with excc ; ngly peculiar results. 0.-e of the experiments indicated the importance of varying the uses of words in long articles. It was found that when a certain word is used over and over again in any article this word attains a “prepotency” so that the other words of a similar character are constantly mistaken for the word frequently used later in the article. Obviously this would result again and again in ambiguous meaning. Such detailed studies of human physiology and psychology do much to indicate the intricate character of the human mind and body and the importance of constant research to aid the activities of man in his daily life.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers, and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial aititude oi this paper.—The Editor.

back of a mother’s word, and, of course, the family is in desperate need of the money. I wondered if Gastonia had suffered the irony of having some orator come round on Independence day and tell the small, stoop-shouldered ones that this is the land of equal opportunity. But the company was too kind to permit any such gross affront to decency and protected its workers by arranging that they should come to the mill at 6 a. m. as usual and go the whole twelve hours’ run just as if there never had been any dedication to the pursuit of happiness. u a a Heavy Hand THE old south may have been lazy and dawdling, but there’s a different spirit now. Efficiency has come ir. The company maintains a room where mothers may leave their nursing children while they are at the mill. And it is conveniently close so that when it becomes necessary for a woman to dart down the street hastily to feed her child, she is docked only a little on account of this absence. And when they found that an old man who had been in the mill for twenty-nine years was no longer competent, they gave him half an hour’s notice before his discharge became effective. The union wants recognition, an eight-hour day and a minimum wage of S2O. It also insists that Negroes in the mill shall receive equal pay and work under similar conditions. (Copyright, 1929, for The Times i

Society Brand SUITS $45 to $55 Values S6O to $65 Values 33 43 Wilson Bros . Haberdashery Reduced! DOTY’S 18 North Meridian Street

.JULY 26, 1929

REASON

' By Frederick Landis

Dawes Will Regret to Hear of the Death of His Kursef We'll Bet He Was a Hard Baby to Handle! IT’S great to hear that Canada may stop the flow of booze into this country for it's not only prohibition; it threatens the friendship of the only good national neighbors in the world. Trouble between them would be the blow that killed father, so far as hope of world peace is concerned., but with booz out Os it they can sign up for another century of peac without one fort, one ship, or one soldier along the boundary line. tt tt tt President Hoover thanks Thomas A. Edison for inventing the electrio lamp, “which removed an untold burden.” It also removed the old coal oil lamp which always smoked. a a a This is a long way from the scene of action, but if the Russians and the Chinese go to war, we have a feeling that the laundrymen will clean the Bolsheviks. an a Wild ostriches in South Africa are eating diamonds to aid their digestion. If we were a diamond, we believe we would rather be in the gizzard of an ostrich than on a I gambler's wish-bone. it a a A 1 MBASSADOR DAWES will regret to learn of the death oC I Mrs. Martha Kohlmann of Marietta, j 0., who nursed him when he was !a baby. And we’ll bet he was hard to handle. tt tt o Miss Lillian Poii of Connecticut just had married an Italian marquis, but the trouble with such a match is that no matter how much our girls pay for a titled foreigner they never get the control. tt ts a This strike of Mexican saloons as a protest against increased tax. carries one back to the days when the American saloons fought all added taxes and restrictions, which was a large reason why the country went dry. a a a The death of Forepaugh, the circus man, down east will remind many a fellow, now sliding down the 60’s of the first time that he carried water for the elephant. a tt a DR. SNOOK, who confessed that he killed the Ccluumu - ) | co-ed, will plead self-defense, which i is a tip to the boa constrictor, should ; he be apprehended for swallowing a calf. a b a The flight of Captain Ross Hoyt from Washington to Alaska lu„i oe very mortifying to the " of those statesmen who opposed Seward’s purchase of that land, claim- ! ing that it was so far away no American would ever visit it.

“TOOAVMsithe' j amßDsqsary A- — 1 A'-j'-j—4*-n..- —-' mti? -,r“- i iA* md

POSTOFFICE ORGANIZED July 26

ONE HUNDRED FIFTY FOUR years ago. today, on July 26, 1775, the Continental Congress established a postoffice department with Benjamin Franklin in charge as postmaster-general. Franklin was authorized to establish a line of posts from Falmouth, Me., to Savannah, Ga., and as many cross posts as might seem to him necessary. In 1792 rates of postage for letters were fixed which remained unaltered for nearly half a century. They were: For thirty miles and under, 6 cents; over 30 miles and not exceeding 60 miles, 8 cents; over 60 and not exceeding 100 miles, 10 cents and so on up to 450 miles and over, for which the charge was 25 cents. In 1345 the rates were lowered and a scale based on weight as well as distance was adopted. The element of distance as a factor in fixing rates was abolished in 1855, and a uniform rate of 3 cents was established for letters not exceeding one-half ounce in weight. There was no house-to-house delivery service in the first postal system in the United States. The mail was sent from town to town by horseback and the residents called at the local postoffice for all their mail.