Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 64, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 July 1929 — Page 4

PAGE 4

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One Good Result One very good result of the drive to enforce the drivers' license lav,- will he to call attention to the flagrant defiance of good taste, it not of the Constitution itself, in the naming of judges to enforce this act. Secretary of State Pifield has this under his control. The law turns the license fees to him. He spends the money to enforce the law, iubject, of course, to the supervision of the budget committee which .ixes salaries. He has selected three judges to try those charges with violating the provisions of the act. These judges will revoke or suspend licenses, after the police have made charges. Two of the three judges were members of the legislature which enacted the law which took a half million dollars from the people and tried to gi\e a similar sum to favored politicians acting in the capacity of notaries public. The Constitution of the state says that no member of the legislature may. directly or indirectly, take any office created by that body or in which the salarie> were increased, during his term of office. By some queer slant of legal reasoning, At-torney-General Ogden construes this to mean that a member of the legislature can take the job by merely eeasin? to he a member of the legislature. He does not even have to resign. Os course, the men who wrote that provision never intended any such outcome. They wanted to prevent the very thing that has happened, Thev wanted to stop legislators from creating jobs for themselves. There is nothing now to prevent the next legislature from creating a $50,000 a year job for every member ot that body and then taking it as soon as the session ends. The two members who were named as license judges were Roscoe Martin, a state senntoT from Logansport, and illiam Bosson Jr., a. member of the house, from this city. It is hardly within the bounds of reason to believe that these two legislators are the onlv two lawyers in the state who are qualified to fill these .jobs. There could he no other excuse for bifield to make the appointments, unless he is pa\ jng for their enthusiasm in behalf of the law when they were members, or perhaps hopes for future, political favors. The incident is so monstrous that attorneys are objecting. One very prominent attorney, having some regard for the Constitution and decent politics, desires to offer his services to the first driver who is tried before either ot these legislators. He will charge nothing for his services. He says that he wants in definitely find out whether legislators can create jobs for themselves, and believes that neither of these lawmakers is a judge at all. but merely on the pay roll. Perhaps the people can take care later of officials who .juggle with language and violate The spirit of the Constitution. Broken Glass “The passengers were injured by broken glass." This is the rather monotonous report following every accident, to a public conveyance. Safety devices now prevent, the fatalities that came with wooden railroad coaches. Invention solved that problem. Steel cars save lives. In collisions in which the public bus is involved, the new source of danger is the broken glass ttliich lacerates and cuts. The same is true of the few street railway accidents. Invention 3nd improvement are worth while only if the improvement sates the people from avoidable consequences. Many of the automobiles sold to private individuals are equipped with non-breakable glass. That appeals to the buyer. He protects himself. Some day the public service commission may awaken to the situation and order safeguards. The people who patronize any form of public conveyance are entitled to all the protection that modern invention offers to the private individual. Hoover and MacDonald Between noon and night yesterday three events heartened the common people of the world. The Kellogg peace pact, pledging nearly all nations to abandon war as an instrument of national policy, was proclaimed formally in effect. Almost simultaneously Premier MacDonald of Great Britain declared his government's purpose to stop work on two naval cruisers and to curtail naval construction in other important ways. And. as is in electric response to this generous gesture from across the sea. President Hoover decreed that the building of three United States naval cruisers, scheduled to begin this fall, should be suspended. Not in a decade has so definite assurance been given that the peace of the western world is so perpetuated. The time toward which intelligent patriots of the two great English-speaking countries long have been looking seems to have arrived. Their respective rulers are carrying out the will of the people to be friends with each other, as well as furthering the hope that they may continue to be friends with all other peoples. For yesterday's pronouncement by the premier and the President looked forward, in each case, to armament reduction in other countries than their own. Genera’ armament reduction has rested on the decision of Britain and the United States, on their ability to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement. The first long step toward this was taken when Britain accepted the principle of equality of naval strength, thus relinquishing her long claim to dominion on the seas. It remained, and remains, to determine what shall con-

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRirrs-HOWARR NEWHFAPER) Owned and published daily leicept Sundayi by The Indianapolis Timea Publishing Cos., 214-221 W Marriand Street, lndianapolia. Ind Price in Marion County 2 centa-10 cent* a week: elsewhere. '6 cents—l 2 cents a week - BOYD GURLEY. BOY W HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor ** President Business Manager 1 HON E— Riles Wd THURSDAY. JULY 25. 1929~ Ueiaber of United Pres*, Script.*- Howard Newspaper Allian.-e Newspaper Enterprise Assoelation. Newapaper Information Servbe and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

stitute naval parity. Technicians present this as a diffiicult, almost unsolvable problem. It could be unsolvable if the will to solve it were lacking. It was little likely of solution while it rested in the hands of naval chess players in England and vociferous patrioteers in America. But now in the hands of a Quaker President, who sees peace as the sole guarantee of prosperity, and the labor premier, who can hope to lift his people from their dull despond only by removing the present burden of armaments, the problem appears fairly simple. For. in the language of President Hoover, he and MacDonald are prepared “to co-operate as friends in reduction." This approach to the problem makes their failure almost inconceivable. MacDonald is coming in October to talk in person with Hoover. Our country owes him a welcome such as seldom accorded to any visitor, and unless we mistake the feeling of average citizens, that welcome will meet him when he arrives. Mechanizing the Farms The way in which the engine is replacing the horse on American farms is illustrated strikingly by figures recently issued by the department of commerce. In 1918 American farmers owned more horses than ever before—more than 21,500.000. By 1928. however, this total had shrunk to 14.541,000 —a decline far too great to be explained simply on the basis of agricultural depression. In the same time the use of tractors increased amazingly. In 1920 there were only 229.332 tractors in use in the American farm belt. Last year this figure had risen to 781,745 —and it's still going up. This is a significant trend. Increasing mechanization may yet do much to lift the farmer back to his old position of economic independence. Merging Railroads Interstate Commerce Commissioner Claude Porter is said to have framed a definite plan for merging the nation’s railroads into efficient and economic units. He plans to present it to the commission in the autumn, wnen that body will resume active consideration of proposals submitted by the roads themselves. We hope that the Porter plan will result in definite action by the roads or the commission. There is no reason why the government should not co-operate to reduce wasteful and unnecessary units in transportation. That was the thought behind the consolidation act of 1920, but we are no farther along now than we were then. Several applications have been presented, but all have been denied after protracted hearings, be ause of illegalities of financial structure or un:at sfactory physical arrangements. Three merger proposals are pending—one by the Van Sweringens, one by the Baltimore Sc Ohio and one by the Wabash interests. The three conflict in vital points. It is for the commission to iron out the difficulties. If the roads can not get together, the comm scion should try its hand more forcibly. Otherwise, legislation forcing consolidations should be enacted. Congress has held off up to the present. It has been content to let the roads fight it out; it has seemed to approve a surviva!-of-the-fittest strugg'e. But such situation can not be tolerated much longer. The roads, remiss to some extent in the past, should forget ancient rivalries and present jealousies. There is enough business for all if the territory is allocated fairly. In these days of high-powered press agents, you have to be just a little suspicious of a story about a man biting a dog. The only drawback about those endurance flights is that the fliers finally come down. If diplomats would play golf together, diplomacy would be improved, thinks the Prince of Wales. But we have enough bed-time story-tellers now.

-David Dietz on Science

Five Tissues in Leaf

THE leaf is the manufacturing unit of a plant. It absorbs the carbon dioxide of the air and with the aid of water and sunlight, turns it into the carbohydrates and more complex substances which make up the body of the plant. This manufacturing process goes on inside the soft green tissue of the leaf. For the green coloring matter in the leaf, called

MOSS LEAF „ JS MAiF? if g^ig A LEAF CELL. Ff?OM POTATO T UOE R PLANT CELLS.

skin or covering on the top and bottom of the leaf. This skin can be stripped off very easily, exposing the interior of the leaf as a green granular mass with veins running through it in all directions. The skin is known technically as the epidermis. The green part in the interior of the leaf is known as the mesophyll. “Meso" means "middle,” while "phyll” means "leaf.” The veins consist of three types. They are known as the water-conducting tissues, the food-conducting tissues, and the mechanical tissues. Any mass of cells is known as a tissue. The leaf, therefore, may be said to consist of five kinds of tissues, the epidermis, the mesophyll and the three kinds of veins. Cells already have been discussed to some extent in this series. The cells, which can be seen under a powrful microscope, are composed of protoplasm. It will be remembered that the interior of a cell was known as the cytosome or cytoplasm, the darker or denser spot being the nucleus. Plant cells are characterized by the fact that they have heavy and rigid walls around them. This wall in plants is composed of transparent cellulose. Another characteristic of mature plant cells is that the little bubbles or vacuJoes in them become so large that they take up most of the interior of the cells. These vacuoles contain a fluid known as the cell sap. This is chiefly water, but with sugars, mineral salts and other substances dissolved in it. The study of the cells comprising plants is highly important and many research workers today axe devoting all their time to the subject.

No. 417 ■

chlorophyl, plays an important role in the chemical process. The structure of a leaf is very complex and well worth a little study. It is seen most easily with a fleshy leaf, like that of the common houseleek. If we cut through such a leaf with a sharp knife so as to expose a crosssection of it. we find that there is a

ThK INDiAJSAPOiiio iiiiLS

M. E. Tracy

SAYS:

Every Navy and Army in This World Is the ByProduct of Other Navies and Armies, the Outgrowth of Rivalry. tT was twenty years ago that Bleriot flew the English channel, making a nonstop flight of twentytwo miles and remaining in the air half an hour or so. Though tame enough compared to what has since occurred, the feat was sufficient to make him immortal. What has since occurred staggers the mind. The Atlantic has been crossed, not once, but half a dozen times; an airplane has stayed up long enough to girdle the globe, and E. Hamilton Lee, senior pilot of the United States air mail service, has just completed his millionth mile. a a a Wonders of Progress NOR have the wonders of the last twenty years been confined to a iation.. During that time, jazz, bobbed hair and prohibition have come into being. During that time, broadcasting by radio and television have made their appearance. During that time the world has fought its greatest war. given birth to a League of Nations and adopted the Kellogg pact. a a a War Renounced THE Kellogg pact does not mean the end of war, but it does mean that we have begun to think about the end of war as possible. A minority can be depended on to break this agreement, just as a minority has broken every kind of agreement since the dawn of history The majority, however, can be depended on to keep it. War. you understand, has not been abolished. It merely has been renounced, classified as a discreditable business, removed from its pedestal of glory and declared a misdemeanor. BBS Profound Move IjMFTEEN nations have signed the Kellogg pact and thirty more n_ve signified their intention to do so. That leaves only ten to be heard from. With such a lineup in mind, who has the temerity to dismiss this move to outlaw war as an empty gesture? Who can review the circumstances of its origin and reception, without realizing that a profound change has taken place in public opinion throughout the world? 808 Peace Insurance “T DARE to predict," says Presi--l dent Hoover, speaking carefully and deliberately in a message to all peoples, “that the influence of the treaty for the renunciation of war will be felt in a large proportion of all international acts.” “I cherish the hope,” says Von Hindenburg. who knows more about war, perhaps, than any other living man. “that this pact will prove its strength in the development of good relationships between the nations, and will serve to insure world peace on a basis of justice.” BUB Spirit Is There BUT the spirit back of this novel venture goes deeper than words. One can sense it in the way the Manchurian trouble is flattening out, in the settlement of the TacnaArica dispute, in the forthcoming visit of Premier Ramsay MacDonald to this country for the obvious purpose of furthering naval disarmament, and in Prestident Hoover’s move to cut military expenses. BBS Consistency and Economy CONSISTENCY, as well as economy. calls for such a move. Asa nation professing to love peace, we can not go on leading the world In military expenses. Last year our military budget amounted to $624,000,000; this year it will amount to $684,000,000. and next year it will amount to $741,000.000. That is nearly $400,000,000 more than either France or England will spend during the same time, and twice as much as Japan will spend. Whether they and other people need the example of a cut, American taxpayers would certainly appreciate it. ana Talk It Over REASONABLE preparedness by all means, but not the kind that can be jazzed up to hatch war babies for millionaires, not the kind that is born of mid-Victorian jingoism, and not the kind that ignores the manifest changes in public opinion both at home and abroad. The only thing that justifies us in building a certain kind of warship, producing a qertain kind of gun, or developing a certain kind of gas, is the fact that some other nation intends to do so. Every navy and army in this world is the by-product of other navies and armies, the outgrowth of unrestrained rivalry, the child of fear and distrust. Now’ that w’ar has been renounced and a publicity system developed that leaves no smoke screen for the intrigues to hide behind, why not j sit down and talk it over?

Daily Thought

In the multitude of words there waneth not sin; but he that refraineth his lips is wise.—Proverbs 10:11. a a a ALL persons are not discreet enough to know how to take things by the right handle.—Cervantes. Who was secretary of war under President Jeffeson? Henry Dearborn of Massachusetts.

mmmmmmmm—mmmmmm mmm H A- STEAMER > IE WERE flight / v T l , RENv.LV in! sUYfeffif* Wi\ A BLiRRVI

Eye Strain May Cause Poor Health

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia. the Health Magazine. AMONG the earliest symptoms of eyestrain are twitching of the eyelids and face and even movements like those of St. Vitus’ dance. Eyestrain is usually strain of the nerves involved from use of the eyes. In a consideration of the subject, Dr. Edward Jackson points out that eyestrain usually is associated with some defect of the eyes that has not been properly corrected by suitable eyeglasses. In some cases children have nausea and vomiting from eyestrain when riding on electric or steam trains, and the condition is dismissed with the simple statement that the child has car sickness. Almost evervone realizes that

IT SEEMS TO ME

“TN Akron, where I was brought 1 up,” writes G. L. T.. “my mother taught me to believe that when a decent girl washed her face she left it shiny to show the world that she was a good woman. Now I am in New York, and my Aunt Sally, who is really only five or six years younger than mother, goes about with both her lips a bright red. She has lived in New York ten years. Naturally I know it wouldn’t be polite for me to mention the matter to her, and I am embarrassed to ask her any questions. Can you explain and justify Aunt Sally?” Sight unseen, I'm for Sally. In the first place, Miss TANARUS., you must abandon the notion that rouge has anything to do with evil. In the same way, I think it is fair to say that there is no necessary alliance between goodness and a shiny nose. You do not make out a very good case for the well-washed face with nothing on it. In your letter you assert that it is worn this way so that all the whole world may know that its possessor is a good woman.

Questions and Answers

You can get an answer to any answerable ouestion of tact or information by writing to Frederick M. Kerbv. Question Editor Ihe Indianapolis Times' Washington -Bureau 1322 New York avenue Washington, D. C.. Inclosing 2 cents in stamps for reply Medical and legai advice can not be given nor can extended research be made. Ail other questions will receive a personal reply Unsigned reauests can not be answered All letters are confidential. You are cordially Invited to make use of this service What is the pay of a captain in the United States army? The base pay is $4,000 to $6,000. | This does not include rental allowance or subsistence allowances. The exact amount received depends on the length of service and whether j or not an officer is married or single. Is there a passage in the Bible warning against consulting witches, spirit mediums, etc.? Consulting witches Is mentioned a number of times in the Bible usually with prohibition. The classic passage, however, is King Saul's visit to the witch of Endor, found in 1 Samuel, Chapter 28. What kind of an organization is the Order of the Eastern Star? A fraternal society organized in 1876, affiliated with the Masonic order, and to which only master Masons and their women relatives may belong. Its teachings are based on the Bible, friendship and sincerity; its sybolism is expresssed by the five-pointed star and the signet of Solomon. Is it correct to call a woman who acts on the stage an actor? An actor is one who performs or acts on the stage and may be either male or female. Actress is used only for a woman or girl who acts. Can you give r ecipe for making potato chips? Pare Jxitatoes. slice into thin shavings and allow to soak in ice water for aan hour. Take from water. dry, by patting in a towel place in frying basket and fry in deep fat or oil until they curl and are a deli-

The Hare and the Tortoise!

•HEALTH IN HOT WEATHER-

. headaches may be due in many in- ! stances to eyestrain. During school life, the child may | use the eyas so much in study and i under condition of bad illumination, S that it develops constant headaches, i Nearsightedness tends to develop ! at this time because of undue and j continuous exercise of convergence | of the eyes. If one reaches early adult life j without conspicuous signs of eye- ! strain, the question as to whether | or not it will develop depends largely on the occupation. Those who j live chiefly outdoors escape* although if they have a high degree of astigmatism they may develop ! this condition. | Occupations such as catalogue j work. typewriting. bookkeeping, i school teaching, ttr fine mechanical ; trades, journalism, libraryship and

Doesn’t that strike you as a little vulgar? After all, is it necessary for the whole world to know. Is it the business of the whole world? b a a Strives to Please YOU ought to appreciate the fact that your Aunt Sally goes to a good deal of trouble to get just the right shade on her face. She does it because in her opinion faces look better that way. This, of course, is a matter of opinion. Does a picture in “natural color” seem to you more beautiful than anything by the old masters who often took trees and skies and colored them to suit their fancy? But paint is more than a mere pictorial effect. It establishes a mood. The woman with a shiny nose says, “I am a good woman.” The girl with makeup says, “I am an amiable one,” and surely amiability is among the virtues. The girl who puts on rouge with any skill has a right to say; “I’ve

cate brown. Shake as free from fat as possible by lifting frying basket from kettle and put to drain on absorbent paper. Dust with salt. Do not have fat to hot, as chips must cook before they brown. In what year was Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes appointed to the supreme court of the United States? 1902. Who designed the Lincoln Memorial at Washington? When was it dedicated and what did it cost? It was designed by Henry Bacon, a New York architect, and was dedicated May 30, 1922. The cost was $3,000,000. Was Mary, the mother of Jesus, a Jew? 1 She was a direct descendant of the line of King David; the genealogy is given in Luke 3:35-28.

Times Readers Voice Views

Editor Times—There is one advantage in living out of town in summer. Recently I noticed the nice condition of Prospect street east, just outside the corporate limits. Road in good shape, w’eeds cut, good, clean gutters, and a sign says, “County Commissioners’ Order: Keep Clean.” Here, just inside the limits, comes poor old much-talked-of English avenue, hardly safe for two machines to pass, with a grand crop of w’eeds on both sides and in the middle enough for hay fever for all those who don’t want it. Our good city engineer tells me if we want anew road we must take what he orders, or in two years we will have no street. S. J. W„ English and Emerson avenue.

similar outdoor tasks, require a great deal of reading, which encourages the development of eyestrain. Whenever a person in such occupatoin develops bad nutrition, loss of appetite, anemia and headaches, an inquiry should be made into the condition of the eyes as a part of the complete examination. Every one knows that after the age of 40 the tissues begin to change and to repair themselves with more difficulty than previously. After this age the eyes should be examined at fairly frequent intervals, that they may not be strained unduly before proper glasses are prescribed. The person who has been accustomed to doing without glasses all his life up to this time is likely to put off the use of glasses as long as possible.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers, and are presented without regard to th-.r agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

HE V WOOD BROUN

worked hard to make myself prettier in order to please people and I think they should be properly grateful.” I think so, too. One touch of nature may make the whole world kin, but, after all, kinship is hardly the warmest and most cordial of human relationships, meaning no disrespect to your Aunt Sally. Nature leaves us little more than second cousins once removed. Paint sees your kinship and raises it to friendship. I have been told that it is only the girls with shiny noses who say “Sir!” and surely there’s nothing very friendly in going around and saying “Sir!” to young men. a a a With Warmth JUST the word “paint” or “painted” is powerful in breaking down coldness and austerity. To me, for instance, there is hardly a noun in the entire English language more noxious in its mincing precision than "lady.” She is “a perfect lady” suggests harshness, dimness and corrugation. It also leads to the suspicion that you are not going to have a very good time at dinner. ~ But take “Painted” and put it in front of “lady” and the resulting effect is quite jolly. Or at the very least, it’s different. Some of the mean jades have been as crimson in color as the best of them. If I had lived in France at the time of their revolution, I might have had a hard time choosing which side I wanted to be on. Generallly speaking, I like radical causes, and yet I'm fond of the pithy sayings and the neatly creased trousers of the aristocrats. And I think I have already said that I like paint. It’s an ice-breaker. (Copyright. 1929. for The Times I

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REASON

E\ FiederieK Landi?

What We Need Is an Army of Birth Control Evangelists to Go Forth and Convert the Mosquitoes. IN order that immortals may realize on their genius, it should be provided m nature that they might return a century or so after death and sell their merchandise to the highest bidder. A volume of Goldsmith's “The Vicar of Wakefield,” just sold in London for $7,350 and according to tradition Goldsmith sold the manuscript of this book to the publisher for less than S3OO. He w-as impelled to a quick sale by the presence of his landlady and th? sheriff, who called to throw him out of his quarters for nonpayment of rent. BBS J. H. Wilcox, 76-year-old resident of Del Rio, Texas, who just has died, was unknown outside his little town, but he was perhaps the most nearly civilized inhabitant of the United States. He adopted and raised forty-seven boys and girls. B B B Mrs. Charlotte Samuels of New York City sues Donald Samuels for divorce because he weighs 332 pounds and refuses to keep his promise to go on a diet and reduce. The more she sees of him, the less she loves him. B B B EVEN though it is so cold down in the Antarctic that Byrd and his companions can hear their breath freeze, they should be reconciled when they read that it was 113 degrees in the shade down at Cordell, Okia. 808 Captain G. P. Crowley, 70 years old, swam four miles in a rolling sea to save his life when his boat went, down—and he did it without one cigaret to calm his nerves! B B B The farm board requests the farmer to be patient and the farmer replies that the farm board should see the bank about it. It B B Mac, a fox terrier, lies on the grave of his mate down in southern Indiana and refuses to eat. Think of the golden weddings we would have if canine fidelity could be injected into our seething matrimonial sea! B B What w-e need right at this particular time is an army of birth control evangelists to go forth and convert the mosquitoes. ana HAVING licked both of them, Japan will observe the fight between China and Russia with much the same frame of mind with which Gene Tunney would witnest a bout between Dempsey and Carpen tier. a a a S. M. Gurley, deputy prohibition administrator for Arkansas, declares that 75 per cent of the bootlegging in that state is done by women, but we don’t see how they possibly could conceal the stuff.

TERRITORY OF WYOMING July 25

ON July 25, 1868, the Territory of Wyoming was created by congress. It became a state on July 10. 1889. The area now included in the state of Wyoming was acquired by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase with the exception of a small section in the southwest which was obtained in the Mexican secession of 1848. F st white explorers in Wyomin' were Sieur de la Verendyreand his sons, who passed through while seeking trading posts in 1734-1741. White hunters visited Yellowstone in 1804. In 1807, fur trading posts were established. The first permanent settlement, however, was built on Ft. Laramie In 1834. Although thousands of settlers on their way to California and the Pacific northwest passed through Wyoming, few of them settled within the state. A chain of government pests were built to protect travelers &<r' ! ost the Indians who declared war on them in 1854. Following a discovery or gold in 1867, South Pass City was founded, Cheyenne was laid out by the Union Pacific railroad in the same year. A year later, congress established the Territory of Wyoming.