Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 57, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 July 1929 — Page 6

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9rPtPP3- M OW A * r>

The Parole Power Some judste*. ar>: alarmed 0 1 er the fact that Governor Leslie ha> turned loose a few convicts before tlmv served the minimum sentences imposed by the fourth. They criticise the leniency and declare the Governor could not possibly know all the facts. The Governor micrht just as easily retort that the judges d<* not know all,the facts upon which he acted, for the exercise of the power of parole, must inevitably rest upon a different basis than that of the courts. The theor; of punishment is that it will, first of all. he a deterrent to others and secondly that it will reform the person who has violated the laws. Severe sentem-rs and long terms hate not been successful in impressing tin- weak and the tempted, ( rime ha- not been reduced because legislatures increase the number of years in prison for offenses. There have been as many bank robberies and acts of banditry since the la c -t legislature increased the punishment, for these crimes as occurred under laws that did not make long terms mandatory. The power of parole i given to the Governor in order that those who have paid some penal tv mav be given a chance when thei. reformation seems complete. It is the road by which those who have learned the lesson that crime never pays may return to respectability. The facts upon which leniency can be properly extended must go into the probability of complete reform and the chance that tlm prisoner will n<-t. again commit crime. Societv does not demand vengeance. It is stupid and costly to keep men in prison where there is no likelihood that they will again menace society or violate it.- laws. Governor Leslie, who began his administration by announcing that he*was “hard limited,’ now declares that he wants to save the first offender where possible. He has come to the viewpoint that long sentences may make confirmed criminals out of youths and that, mercy may redeem. The only question is one of judgment. There can be no real disagreement with the new-view-point of the Governor. The discretion he uses may be debatable, but the policy is right. Abuse of the power of parole because of political influence or other consideration is open to attack. There has been no such charge against, the Governor. His critics want, long terms and severe sentences. When it is shown that those whom the Governor releases go back to criminal ways, it will be time for criticism. As long as the record shows even a fifty-fifty batting average of reform. the Governor has the better of the argument. WicKersbam s Views Oeorsre \v. Wickersham is eminent as a lawyer and eitvzen. He served as United States attorney-general end has been a member of various public boards and commissions. He is a past president of the bar association of the city of New York. President Hoover asked Wickersham to serve as chairman of his law'enforcement commission because of this leadership in his profession and in public affairs. Wickersham is inclined to conservatism. His views on prohibition ran not be dismissed lightly, as so rr.anv prohibition suggestions are. Nor can they be answered by abuse'ar.d vinification from the professional dry propagandists. Wickersham. in his letter to Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt- of New York, read at the conference of Governors. suggests modification of the prohibition laws and greater co-operation between states and the federal government in enforcement. He proposes leaving local enforcement to the states, and implies that prohibition can not he enforced in the manner now being attempted Here is the pertinent paragraph of his letter: ‘ If the national government were to attend to preventing importation, manufacture and shipment m Interstate commerce of intoxicants, the state undertaking internal po'ice regulations to prevent sale, sa'ootw speakeasies, etc., the national and state laws rmght be modified so as to become reasonably enforceable and one great source of demoralizing and pecuniarily profitable crime removed.” Wickersham is on the right track. It is plain after ten years of experimentation that the federal government can not make a Success of the policy it has been following. Prohibition Commissioner Doran admitted much recently, when he said the federal government, would require $300,000,000 a year to suppress the liquor traffic locally, with an army of federal agents let loose on the public. Whether turning local enforcement entirely over so the states would result m a sort of local option, with wet states blinking at violations and dry states continuing enforcement, is debatable. Certainly that situation would be no worse than-the present one. in which most states sit back and say "Let Uncle Sam do it. It would have the advantage of removing the horde of federal spies and agents from communities in which their presence is resented, would save $40,000,000 a ypar for the federal treasury, and get the federal government out of an enterprise on which it never should have embarked. Wickersham is willing to face the facts. When congress and wets and drys awe willing to do likewise we can make progress. The legislature in Michigan has started an investigation to determine whether co-eds smoke. After they're through with that one, they might try to find ©ut also whether any of bob their hair.

The Indianapolis Times <A SCHIFPS-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) 0 _ A( j arM ] p <l-.lv i-.jcept Sunday) by lbe Indianapolis .‘llines Publishing Cos., 214.0 1-, v\ Maryland Street, Indianapolis, tnd. Price in Marion County "2 cents— lo cents a week: elsewhere. 3 cents—l 2 cents a week _ BOAT* -,t KLeT. P.or iv. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor ' President Business Manager "7HOST-Riley ; -Jsl WEDNESDAY, JULY 17, 192 E ~ Member of United Press Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Russia and China During the World war I tryj* part in the terrible batilfs in eastern Prussia, where the fields were covered with corpses and wounded but this did not impi ess me as much as the sight of these exhausted faces, Mack from starvation, and these heart-rending, imploring eyes. ... At the halting places people pick ‘ up and eat pea grains that fall from the mouths of horses, as formerly the fowls used to do. The bark of all the trees has been torn off and eaten. . . . Tire poor wretches are walking over the fields digging out ; tire sprouts of grass, which are very scanty, due to the drougth." These are bits trom a report just made by Colonel Constantin Ranchner, an engineer, to the China international famine relief commission, describing conditions in the Kansu province. Some cities in Russia nave returned to the use of food cards. Wives of workers in these cities must stand in line for hours to obtain the family food. And it is China and Russia that have reached the =tagc of railroad seizures, sharp ultimatums, massing of troops, grave threats of war. Two starving men on a barren island may fail to fighting to see which shall eat the other, but not two men surrounded on all sides by their fellows. Surely the peoples of this plentiful earth are not prepared to 'ee Russia and China fall upon each other now in the manner they appear to contemplate.

Comment, of Nation's Editorial Writers on Wickersham's Letter

Many newspapers today commented editorially on t'ne letter of George W. Wickersham to Governor Roosevelt, read at, the Eastern Point (Conn.) meeting of Governors. THE NEW YORK TIMES—It will confirm the fears which the Anti-Saloon League had at the time of his (Wickersham's) selection by Mr. Hoover, that his heart is not really in the cause, that he is weakkneed about the prohibition law and its enforcement, and that his nomination by the President was one more sign tljat prohibition was about to be betrayed in the house of its professed friends . . . Everybody knows what this would mean in states like New York or Pennsylvania or Louisiana or—yes. we may as well say it, Kansas. It would mean no enforcement at all. THE NEW YORK WORLD—The merits of Mr. Wickersham's suggestion are completely obscured by the extraordinary fact that he has had the temerity to make any suggestion . . . It seems to us a perfectly amazing spectacle to see the chairman of that commission announcing conclusions and issuing advice before the study and investigations have been made . . . Tire conclusion in this case is considerably to our taste. THE BALTIMORE SUN—This statement stands in sore need of clarification. Does Mr. Wickersham mean change the eighteenth amendment to permit modification or enforcement of the law as it stands? If so, he is begging the whole question. THE PROVIDENCE JOURNAL—Whether practical or not. the motive is plain. He is anxious for a change and he proposes that the change be the law itself. Thinking Americans must come to the conclusion that the Volstead act ought never to have been written into the Constitution. The suggestion accompanied a widespread and growing public conviction that prohibition as we have it is a hopeless farce. PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC LEDGER—Undoubtedly the states should assume responsibilities for enforcement . . . but the wettest states would refuse cooperation. When Mr. Wickersham assumed the chairmanship of the President's committee, he was quoted as remarking that its recommendation for a modification of the Volstead act would be extremely unlikely. His letter indicates a change that will attract wide attention. NEW YORK HERALD TRlßUNE—Unfortunately he does not make sufficiently clear the degree of modification h? has in mind. The country will look forward to an elucidation. Haring gone this far, he hardly can afford to leave it guessing.

_______ Da rid Dietz on Science _______ Response to Stimuli No. 410

MOST characteristics of living organisms, as we have seen, are not unique. They are duplicated in the inorganic world. One, however, which seems unique, is reproduction. Another w'hirh seems also to be unique is number seven in our list of characteristics* Professor Newman calls it “irritability and conductivity.” Response to stimuli might also be used as a name for it. That, name would be more descriptive in certain ways, but

w~~w & m

+ain cells, the sense organs, are called into action by the stimuli. Other cells, those composing the nerves, are energized as a result. Sc- irritability and conductivity express very well the fundamental processes. "The basis of irritability is probably the chemical and physical instability of the complex protoplasmic mixture." writes Dr. Newman. “Local responses to stimuli may be in the form of direct contraction, direct secretion, direct growth changes: more commonly, however, stimuli affecting one region, such as a sensory cell, affect not only the reeion stimulated, but are transmitted through the general protoplasm, or through special transmitting structures such as nerve fibers, to others parts capable of responding by modification of a chemical or physical character.” The eighth characteristic of protoplasm is adaptability. This is recognized in such popular though not entirely correct maxims as “Self-preservation is the first law of nature." Adaptability is regarded by many authorities as the foundation stone of evolution. “Protoplasm in responding to environmental stimuli seems generally to do so in such way that the change is an appropriate response to the stimulus, whether the response be structural, chemical, or merely a movement of some sort." writes Dr. Newman. “Changes that are of advantage to the organism and tend to keep it adjusted to its environment are known as adaptive changes. "One of the outstanding peculiarities of protoplasms is their capacity to modify themselves in appropriate ways under the influence of changes in the environment.” The riphr ch"rjcte ri sties of nrntoplasm will be summarized briefly in the next article.

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

There Seems to pe os Much Hypocrisy in Our Attitude Toward War os in Our Attitude Against Hootch, THE Manchurian railway has caused one war, and it may eaus* another. The probability would be greater were Russia and China in better shape, and were not both of them afraid of Japan. The background of the controversy is one of tricks and intrigues woven by the minions of imperialism. For thirty years Manchuria has been the focal point of orie point of oriental diplomacy. a a a Destiny of Three Empires AROUND this rich and fertile region swirl the rare hatreds, national ambitions and political prejudices of a, billion people. The destiny of three empires directly is bound up in it. The great railway which passes through it. and which not only taps its tremendous resources, but forms the* chief means of communication between central Russia and the Pacific ocean, is a prize to challenge the greed of governments. It was a Russian czar who first saw its possibilities and who wrung possession of it from China. It was Japan which smashed his dream. nan Our Problem, Too \TOW come Bolshevism and modi. 1 ern China to carry on the struggle, but with Japan .still watching out of the corner of her eye. And what’s it all to us. you say? No more, perhaps, than was the murder of the Arci duke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. We are dealing with internationalism these days, whether we like it or not, and internationalism has extended to every part of the world. Not. only that, but internationalism has come to include many things that were regarded as purely local,' yesterday or the day before. a rt Fighting Prohibition EVEN prohibition, which we have < tried to look upon as our own peculiar problem, has entered the international picture. Representatives of thirteen nations. with headquarters in Paris, have formed an organization to fight prohibition in the interest of their wine-growing countries. Dr. Leon Douarche, director of the organization, has been put in charge of the campaign, the slogan of which will be. “Liberty and temperance.” While these crusaders entertain little hope of obtaining a, repeal of the eighteenth amendment or even the Volstead act. they believe modification is possible, and that pressure from abroad can help to bring it about, n n tt Bar-Wets From U, S.? HERE is a basis for more propaganda, in technical conflict with our Constitution. What are we going to do when the anti-prohibition lecturers come to tell their .story? Are we going to class them with the pacifists and bar them out, or are we going to admit the legitimacy of disagreement? On a strictly legal basis, the foreigner who comes to preach against prohibition might be held as undesirable as the foreigner who comes to preach against war. Even more so, perhaps, since we have no constitutional amendment legalizing war. ana Ban on Pacifists OUR treatment of pacifists easily might be converted into a dangerous precedent, yet some would have us go farther still. H. Ralph Burton, counsel for various patriotic organizations, writes Secretary of State Stimson a. long letter, in which he asks that the passport, recently issued to Dorothy Detzer be revoked, and that, a rule be put into force to prevent the repetition of such action a,s was taken in her case.

Preaching Against War DOROTHY DETZER is secretary of the Woman's International League for Peace and Freedom. That, organization being against war in general. Mr. Burton thinks she ought to be denied admission to the United States because of her official connection with it. Maybe she had. but would it be quite consistent with the treaties we have signed outlawing war? If it is a crime to preach against war. is it not a greater crime to renounce it. by treaty? tt tt ff Jingo Still May Toot Horn T'HERE seems to be quite as much hypocrisy in our attitude toward war as in our attitude toward hooch. Asa government, we are not only willing, but insist on outlawing it. As citizens, we virtually are forbidden to say one word against it. One would suppose, that having outlawed war. we would frown on those who advocated it. Instead, we frown on those whose ideals seems to accord with our official action. The Ago still is welcome to toot his horn on any street corner, but the pacifist must remain silent. Is this just another case of drinking drys?

less fundamental In others. We see the re- j spouse to stimuli all around us. We ourselves continuously respond to stimuli. Stimuli enter by the five senses, causing us to perform various actions as a result. These highly ’omplex responses, however, can be analyzed into the activity of individual cells. Cer-

LOOKING ahead but a few years. one reasonably may visualize airplane postoffices, the mail being picked up. sorted and discharged in much the same fashion as is now done by railroads. —Robert P. Lament, secretary of commerce. nan Don't reserve your manners for jour friends. Give them an airing

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Quotations of Notables

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Diet Important in Gall Trouble

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of thr American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. THIRTY or forty years ago one heard little indeed of disturbances of the gall bladder. Now the gall bladder is one of the first organs to be investigated in the presence of complaints of indigestion, of pain coming on after eating, of eructation of gas and of similar disturbances. Some of the most difficult diagnoses that physicians have to make are concerned in differentiating between inflammation of the gall bladder with or without gall stones, various form of jaundice, ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, appendicitis acute and chronic, and other disturbances of the organs that lie within the abdominal cavity. Most of these disturbances come on just after middle life and it is

IT SEEMS TO ME * “ST

HARSH words have been flung and accusing fingers pointed at men who vote dry and drink wet, It seems to me that these complaints are well founded and that it is sin evil thing to maintain so wide a gap between practice and preachment. But I feel that scorn should include in its scope those others who talk wet and drink dry. The patriotic, citizen who is intent upon the overthrow of Volsteadism and all its attendant iniquities must give more than lip service to the cause. Surely his gullet should be enlisted in the struggle. Prohibition will pass only wnen its failure becomes manifest beyond all quibble. The man who buys liquor, yes, and the man who sells it is doing his bit toward the restoration of human liberties. Pick Your Side BUT I say those who are not with us are against us. I do not see whv anybody should be ashamed of coming out frankly and admitting “I am against prohibition because I like to drink." , j ~. One plays into the hands of the

CHILEAN SETTLEMENT July 17 SETTLEMENT of trouble with Chile that almost led to serious complications was made on July 17. 1892. On this date. United Spates Minister Eagan accepted an indemnity of 875.000 from the Chilean government in settlement of the Chne affair.” • During a Chilean civil war, the LTnited States had taken sides with the established government. When rebels captured Valpparaiso. wheie there were many Americans, including a number of sailors on shoie leave from the United States steamship Baltimore, there naturally was much ill feeling against Americans. A mob attacked the American sailors, killing one. However, trouble between the two nations was averted when the Chilean government apologized and paid $75,000 indemnity.

in the office and half the bugaboos of drab routine will vanish like thin smoke in the air.—Helen Hathaway, 1 Liberty.) B a tt After we get plenty of business efficiency in America, I hope there will be a crusade to go back to the doctrines of our fathers on the right of every human to regulate his own me as he sees fit.—C'arence Darrow*

HEALTH IN HOT WEATHER

recognized quite commonly that the type of patient most given to distubances of the gall bladder is the woman known as “fair, fat and forty.” The only absolutely efficient treatment ct inflammations of the gall bladder when stones are present is surgical removal of the stones and usually of the gall bladder. Under such circumstances such storage of bile as is necessary is taken up by the common duct which carries the bile from the liver to the intestines. If conditions are not serious, it is customary to prescribe for the patient what is known as a. gallbladder diet, avoiding substances that seem to have the tendency of increasing the amount, and the thickness of the bile. Titus the person suspicious of gail bladder inflammation avoids fats, greasy soups, cream and butter and all foods rich in fat and cholesterin.

Puritans when he behaves as if desire were something too gross to be spread upon the record. The Bluenoses arc quite correct in contending that not all the hypocrisy is on their side. Quite obviously many of the shouters for “light, wines and beers" are actually interested only in welterweight whiskies and heavyweight gins. Beer is watery stuff to bleed for on a barricade. Again, I cite as less than 100 per cent sincere such editorial writers as point, out the palpable evils of prohibition and then add a postscript saying that, of course, the regulations must be obeyed as long as they remain upon the statute books. No man reasonably can be expected to obey a law which he believes to be muddleheaded and no sane person expects him to. Some few week-kneed adherents of the right have complained that the disciples of repeal are guilty of their own special sort of tyranny. “Before prohibition." a friend of mine complained, “I found it possible to go to a party and refuse at least every other drink as the trays were passed around. Now if you slight a single offer from your host he is insulted. You simply have to drink or be ostracized.” aaa The Dromedaries I REGARDED the slacker coldly and answered icily, “if you don't like it here, why don’t you go back where you came from?” It seemed to me *hat no sacrifice should be too great when a mighty issue it at stake. We are in honor-bound to toss down even the most suspicious potions even as our ancestors tossed off the tea. One or two come round claiming exemption, saying. “I hate to refuse but it is the doctor's order." But the man who will meekly submit to a physician will hardly have the courage to stand up against a house and senate. A rebri must be thorough-going and surely this is not the rime to give consideration to the kidneys. Is there any soul so selfish that he would set his liver up against the bill of rights? To be sure. I have seen wets who seemed to me fanatical. It is nonsen_se to assert that, abstinence must inevitably be destructive to ever:: individual. I think it is entirely possible for a man in perfect health and leading an outdoor life to go wholly without liquor for a little while. Even after a month he will show few signs of physical deterioration. Naturally I would not dispute the obvious fact that abstinence rots the rtind. tt tt tt Abstinence Horrors WE will not be done with prohibition until it is possible to introduce into the school books

such as eggs, rains, fried meats, goose and duck, liver, kidneys and spiced foods. He is told to avoid alcoholic liquors, and to eliminate the condiments, such as spices and chow chow. Usually such patients are overweight and must cut down starches and sugar and avoid over-feeding generally. Such people are usually what is known as good eaters and they greet this list of things to be avoided with heavy groans and lamentations. They are then told that they may eat roast meats without fat, small amounts of cereals, cooked vegetables and fruits, skimmed milk, and water. The meats may include lean fish, lamb, chicken, .squab and lean beef, and the desserts such substances as acid fruits, gelatines, cooked fruits and light puddings without cream sauces. No infrequently the attacks continue and the gall bladder has to come out anyway.

Ideals aid opinior>s expressed in this eeturon ar those of one of America's most tntercsfina a nters; and are presented nUhout refrard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The editor.

charts illustrating the evil effects of asceticism. Nor should this propaganda be limited to color plates showing arid internal organs in contrast with others all flushed and happy. Consideration must be given to the intangibles. The children could be told in all truthfulness that there is such a, thing as a great prohibition poem, painting, novel or piece of music. There could be a sketch of a little group of people sitting glumly around a pitcher of ice water and that same group dancing gaily on top of the table after a few snifters. Abstinence leads people into all sorts of attendant excesses. Good Bishop Cannon might never have gone to the bucket shop if there only had been some bright-lighted, friendly piace where invigorating drinks were sold on the installment plan. But Satan invariable finds mischief for idle hards to do. (Coorrisrht. 1928. for The Times i

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JTTLT 17.1929

REASON

—— Ey Frederick Landis American Scientists Have (rone to Panama to Study Monkeys , Rut They'll Return Whf. n the State Legislatures Open Again. SPEAKERS who addressed the convention of the American Medical Association a' Portland, Ore., seemed to agree that if a fellow would only stop eating everything he liked to eat and eat everything he loathed, then stop doing everything he enjoyed and do everything he abominated. h p might live to 110. all of which would appear to be a treat rather than a promise. tan We respectfully remove our ha ! in the presence of Justice Morrissey of Burlington. Wis.. who sent two young men to jail for six months for driving automobiles while drunk. How fine it. would be if head-on collisions could be arranged for all paper-backed judges who have been serving angels food to similar offenders! ft n a Mrs. Rose House of New York City, who Is chairman of som c commute or other, states that women should play more to kep fit for work. Impossible! They play now every time four of them get together. rt a a At the fall fashion show given by the Garment Retailers of America in New York City it was announced that skirts will be lengthened in September, thus takine hinges out of circulation. u tt a The papers announce that New’ York City got its share of the nr paper money. It usually does—and then some. rt b a IT is most gratifying to see that our rich women are taking their divorce cases from Paris to Reno. We should keep this great and • growing business in the United States. ft ft s Four American scientists have gone to Panama to study monkeys, but they will return when our various state legislatures open. tt a tt This* last submarine horror, a British one in which twenty-one i smothered io death, makes" one j marvel again that any man in his j right mind will enter this service, j Aviation's perils have their thrill- ! ing compensation, but the submarine's danger, all the time it’s un - | dor water, is as unromantic as the | peril of a fishworm.

As we had the honor to predic' when President Hoover was makii his South American tour, all th good-will created by it will be killc bj’ increasing the tariff on South American products. Aside from the souvenirs collected the result of that trip will be nothing at all. H tt VJTTE may be wrong about it, bu YV these aviation endurance records. made possible only by repeat ed re-fueling, appear to be just about as valuable to progress as the gum-chewing championship won b.y the leading citizen of Possum Trot. tt tt tt Nicholas Murray Butler, back from Europe, says that the people of all countries are ahead of their governments in favoring peace, so it would seem that the thing to do Is to arrange in the event of war that the politicians of th* 1 countries involved shati constitute the shock troops. an n There's a movement in Greece to grant universal suffrage, but exclude beautiful ladies from the national chamber, which is enough tr roake the Venus de Milo red-headed.

Daily Thought

That they all might he damned who believe not the truth, hut had pleasure in unrighteousness.— II Thcssalonians 1:12. ana \ MAN can not practice sin and be a good citizen. Burke sa;: v err truly: “Whatever disunites man from God disunites man from man."—Chapin.