Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 40, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 June 1929 — Page 4

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s r * i p P J - H ow a P t>

A True American Even through the shock that come? to the r] ty through the tragic death of James Perry, there is a certain pride that here was a young man who typified the best of American traditions exemplifying those traits of charaeter that serve to keep this country in the vanguard of all progress. To his personal friends there is the memory of one whose loyalty was limitless, whose capacity for friendship had no bottom, whose smile came from the heart and not the lip. It, was inevitable when aviation attracted national attention that James Perry should give to it the enthusiasm and support which imagination ar.d vision inspired in those who CBn think in terms of the tomorrows. ft eharacteristie of the man and his nature t> at he was not satisfied to advance the business of aviation by his investments of money T pi ally American, he demanded the gJo'< that conies from personal aecomplishmerrt He wanted to he a oavt of the new and ad* >•< -is lyvne-s v lr -h challenged the ageold m r *t I■' is of transportation. And so lie learned to H* . He became a part, a real part, of the to which he had given his thought and in which he had invested his dollars. If there wa- danger, he shared it with those •* : ng th s new enterprise. If there adventure. h° had his share. P e ?- j, ..-s much when one of its young non w pan dream new dreams and who has the courage to back them is taken from it. There p>o too few who can think and act in terms of ;hc future. The city will miss the support which he gave to various enterprises. Jt will miss the pride which he had in giv'/g it something of which to be proud, whe .er it be a winning ball team or anew mear > of transportation. And the countless friends who knew the sincerity of his smile and the genuineness of his friendship will pay their tributes in lasting memory of one who never failed. As Others See Him The haste with which Senator Watson repudiated fetters attributed to him indorsing a movement to raise funds to chase ‘ reds" after President Hoover had disapproved this “crusade” suggests that it will be very hard for the President to lose Jim. He null stick as senate learlr- c -e any presidential frowns. Such. too. is the of Frank Kent, veteran political writer of iiy. more Sun. who on Wednesday printed this little piece about our senior Senator—-a comment that may interest Indiana: Probably the meanest piece of luck Mr. Hoover has had since the election was the turn of the wheel that made James W. Watson, that splendid specimen of machine Republicanism and unique product of Indiana politics, in which state the klan. the crooks and the government are so curiously intermingled, administration leader in the senate. From the Hoover angle it is hard to think of a worse “break" than that. Compared with it the other troubles developed by the extra session of congress are relatively trivial ar.d transient. In two Or three years the present tenseness about farm relief and tariff will be hard to remember. Various incidents tha* now seem sirrificant will be forgotten. It may be the present Hoover adi rsities will turn out to be advantages: that it will prove a fortunate thing for him *o have grapplPd with farm relief and the prickly tariff problem at the bechjning of his administration and hat e gotten them behind him. It may develop, as so often happens, that instead of putting him in a hole the machinations and assaults of his enemies have kicked him upstairs. All these things and a good many more may happen. but short of an act of God there is no chance at all of putting Jim Watson behind him. not the slightest hope of transferring that transparent statesman from a liability into an asset, no possible way of getting rid of If::'. He will be with h’m to the bitter end. And as a blessing Jim is the most completely disguised man in the world. Asa blessing, he is entirely beyond suspicion. The troth is that he would be a flop in any administration as a leader because he was not only not bom one. but is devoid of the qualities out of which leaders sometimes are made. But as a leader for the Hoover administration he is worse than a flop—he is a joke. Os course, the principal reason’ is that after h’s stormy denunciations of Mr. Hoover last year, his efforts to represent and defend him on the floor of the senate have a distinctively ridiculous slant. The spectacle of this elephantine and reactionary representative of the Republican Old Guard being amiably affectionate toward the object of his former animosity is one that can not be viewed without humor—even by a Progressive Republican, who has less in the way ot humor than any other type we have. The diluted nature of his enthusiasm, his modified zeal, lukewarm loyalty and obvious lack of understanding of the administration program, coupled with the fact that he and the man he is supposed to represent do not sp*ak the same language and have practically nothing at all in common except they are both members of the human family, are all so obvious they can not be missed even by the most obtuse. Add to this Jim s general ineptitude and you have a senate leadership which makes members of the inner Hoover circle wince with pain when it is mentioned and deepens the furrows in the Presidential brow. Senators on both sides of th? cnamber chuckle when Jim gets up to urge the administration cause or explain the administration position. They bait him They heckle him. They ask him ridiculous questions and refuse to take his leadership with real seriousness. There are half a dozen Republican senators quicker witted than he. Nor is he a match in debate for the nimbler fellows among the Democrats or Progressives. Ferhaps this accounts for his strange absences from the floor at various critical moments in the last few weeks and his willingness to retreat in the face of assault. Half the time he fumbles his job because hr does not know wha* to do and the other half because he does. Altogether it is an absurd situation, the climax of which came a few days before the recess when, with an engaging candor. Jim roguishly declared for “general revision of the tariff as opposed to the Hoover declaration for "limited" revision. This puts both Mr. Hoover and Jim in a silly situa ticn. For the administration leader to be in direc* conflict with the administration on a major policy i> pretty nearly the limit. You wonder one or the other does not do something about it. The trouble is. Mr. Hoover can't and Jim won't. Chosen by his colleagues, entitled to the post by the seniority rule, lovin'* the limelight of the leadership. Jim has not the remotest notion of relinquishing it. The fact that his reaction-

The Indianapolis Times <A SCBim-HOHAKU NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by Tbe Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapoli*. Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cent*—id cents a week: elsewhere. 3 cents—l 2 cents a week BOYD GtTRLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President , Business Manager 1 HOVE Riley 5551 THURSDAY. JUNE 27, 1929. 77T„v. r 0 * United Press. Scrlppa-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Associatlon. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. *‘Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Wav.”

ary tendencies prevent him from leading in the Hoover direction on the tariff does not seem to him anything for anybody to get hot about. It is hard for him to understand why his attitude should send the temperature of the White House secretariat up to the boiling point. But it does. Whose Ox? “It all depends on whose ox is being gored.” remarked Senator Pat Harrison of Mississippi after he had listened to conflicting arguments of witnesses before the senate finance committee on the sugar tariff. That seemed to sum up the situation. There was a wid? division of opinion among the various groups of producers, manufacturers and others, depending on whether they would profit or lose. Some wanted an even higher rate than the house bill would impos?. Others wanted no increase. Still others wanted an entirely different kind of tariff. Eastern refiners, for instance, have proposed what they term a “sliding scale” tariff to replace the existing system. Reports that it is regarded with favor by the administration assiduously are being circulated. Tn the sliding scale system the tariff would rise when the price of sugar declined, and would fall when the price of sugar went up. The proposal calls for the closest scrutiny. Beet sugar growers and others point out that it involves determination by congress of a maximum and minimum “refiners’ margin,” and equalization of refiners who sell above or below that margin. By "refiners’ margin” is meant the cost of converting raw sugar into refined, plus the profit of the refiner. This, it is contended, amounts in effect to a gov-, eminent guarantee of profit to the refiners. Tt should be remembered, of course, that the beet sugar industry* and others in opposing the refiners’ proposal are trying to protect their own ox. The only votce not yet raised has been that of the consumer. Whatever congress finally does, it is certain the consumers’ ox is the one that will be thoroughly gored. We will be fortunate if the sugar people get into such a fine row among themselves that the sugar schedule will be allowed to stand as it is. Dawes and His Table Ambassador Dawes gave his reasons for not serving liquor at the American embassy so clearly and succinctly that, there appears to be no cause for argu- j ment. He said: “There seems to be a rumor going around that I intend to serve liquor at the embassy. I never made a practice of serving liquor in my home in the United States and I see no reason to change now.” Ambassador Dawes has as much right to retrain from serving liquor at the embassy as he has to refrain from serving roast beef or Boston baked beans; and there is no occasion for criticism of him for being master of his own table. The argument for or against prohibition, or the eighteenth amendment, or the Volstead act, has nothing to do with it. To serve or not to sene is up to Dawes. His guests can take or leave what is put on the table, be it food or drink. He even has a. right to offer his guest an underslung pipe after dinner, but nobody is under any sort of obligation to smoke it. A man advertises in the papers for a girl who is domesticated, pretty, loving, economical and good natured, with the idea of marrying. Some fellow plannirg bigamy? An ordinance at, Nancy, France, forbids use of the saxophone after 10 p. m. That country certainly is progressing.

—David Dietz on Science

Flower and Universe

-No. 393 -

SUMMER is an excellent time to add to one’s knowleoge of the science of biology, for it can be studied then first-hand in garden and country-side. Any garden, no matter how small it is, will make an excellent laboratory for the study of botany. The only equipment needed is a lively interest in the subject and a willingness to use one's eyes. A magnifying

Miller /ft

kindly interest in some of them without being disloyal to his garden. The person who is lucky enough to have access to a small brook or stream can add other phases of biology , to his study, for the plant and animal life of a small stream is extremely fascinating. These studies will not destroy one's appreciation of the beauty of nature. On the contrary, it will enhance it. We have discussed this question oa several occa- ! sions in connection with the stars and more recently in connection with the clouds. The reader, no doubt, knows by now our opinion. We feel certain that one's appreciation of the beauty of natiffe will grow with one's understanding of nature. For nature is not merely a pretty pieture. Nature is alive. Forces are a* work all the tim". Plants are growing. Growth means the interplay of numerous forces. There are great cycles in nature, the oxygen cycle, the carbon dioxide cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the water vapor cycle. There are imoortant relations between bacteria and plants, between plants and animals. A knowledge of these thing and a knowledge of the structure of plants and anima’s will increase our appreciation of the marvels of nature. These things will be dealt with in this department during succeeding days. A particular attempt will be made to point out the interesting facts of biology which any observer can see for himself In his own garden. There is mystery as well as beauty about a flower. If we knew all there is to know about a flower, we j would know all there is to know about the universe.

M. E. Tracy SAYS:

The Feeling That This Country Needs Protection in an Intellectual Way Has Become a Mania. npHE British labor government j will recognize Soviet. Russia. No one is surprised or very much j alarmed. Though lacking a majority in | parliament. Premier MacDonald can depend on enough liberal and eon- ; servative votes to put it through. The war certainly played strange 1 pranks with national ideals and ! traditions. Russia entered it one of the most ! reactionaries countries on earth, and j came out one of the most radical. I The United States entered it in a : liberal frame of mind, and came out with a reactionary complex. The war not only taught us how to be rough with political dissenters. But how to be afraid of political dissent. tt a tt Rise of Propaganda BEFORE 1914 the word “propaganda” was hardly known in this country*. If any one had an idea, no matter how strange or peculiar, we said, “trot it out and let's look it over.” We took it for granted that if peo- | pie were fit to run a government, they were fit to monkey with ideas. Now we have “propaganda” on the brain. Though we have doubled our college enrollmnt and made education compulsory, we distrust average intelligence as never before. The feeling that this country needs protection in an intellectual way has become a mania. Though our fathers and grandfathers were at liberty to read Karl Marx, we ban his disciples.

B tt B Modern Censorship THE demand for censorship has grown until it includes many items. We not only are becoming afraid of ideas, but of people who have them. The Countess Karolyi was not permitted to deliver a lecture tour and Mme. Kolontay -was not allowed to travel across the United States as Russian ambassador to Mexico. Even Voltaire’s “Candide” falls under the ax, though it has enjoyed free circulation for more than a century. tt a a Pilloring Pacifists PILLORING pacifists is the latest vogue. Dr. Douglas Macintosh, a chaplain in the W r orld war and a professor at the Yale divinity school for twenty years, joins Mme. Schwimmer as among those who can not become American citizens because of their objection to war. The two cases are not analogous. Mme. Schwimmer declared that she would not bear arms under any circumstances. Professor Macintosh declared that his unwillingness to bear arms would lx; determined by his conscientious opinon of the particular war in question. e tt tt Courts Must Obey Law MUCH as one may dissent from ’ the decision rendered in these cases, it is unjust and illogical to “cuss the court.” Like the rest of us, courts are supposed to obey the law. They cannot make fish of one and fowl of another. No sensible person believes that the United States would be hurt by admitting either Mme Schimmei or Professor Macintosh as citizens. But if they could get in without subscribing to the national defense clause of the oath of allegiance, other people could. If such a loophole were left open for aliens to escape the possibility of military service when naturalized, it is presuming too much on human nature to suppose that thousands would not avail themselves of the opportunity regardless of conscientious scrimles. religious convictions or an*-thing else. tt ft tt Why Require the Oath? PUTTING that aside, courts have little choice in the matter as long as the oath of allegiance is made a condition. One wonders why we ask aliens to subscribe to an oath which is not required of the native born, and which bars the honest, candid appicant while admitting the liar and hypocrite. Such an oath certainly does not prevent any person from changing his mind ten j-ears, or ten minutes afterward. Neither does it keep out the unscrupulous scalliwags. Asa matter of common sense, no nation has anything to fear from thosg citizens who stand up in public and say what they think. The candidate pacifist, or candid radical, never was and ne*er will be a menace. In case of war. we likely are to suffer far more from the professional flag wavers who seek exemption or swivel chair jobs at the first sign of trouble.

glass or a small microscope, is a useful aid. but not indispensable. The garden also offers the opportunity for other biological study. There are insects, for example, as any gardener can testify. But all insects are not pests which must be destroyed for the good of the arden and so the ardent gardener may take a

Daily Thought

And above all things have fervent’charity among yourselves; for charity shall cover the multitude of sins.—l Feter 4:8. a a a IT is good to be charitable, but to whom? That, is the point. As to the ungrateful, there is not one who does not at least die miserable.—La Fontaine. Death Driver Kills Self By 7 in: * > (’< rial PERU. Ind.. June 27.—Beblieved despondent because his automobile inflicted fatal injuries to an aged woman a few weeks ago. James Boyd. 55. a business man committed suicide by shooting while seated in his car on a road three miles northwest of here.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

BY MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. WITH the first day of June, the average person begins to think about the disposal of his time during the summer vacation. Long ago the biblical philosophers emphasized the value of a regular day of rest. More recently the coming of the five-day week, high w ? ages and the introduction of machinery into industry have made a regular two days’ rest each week possible or many people, and vacations, particularly for executives, have been

A MAN was fishing in Hale lake on Sunday and from a distance T shouted to him that the waters were protected. He paid no attention. Putting on a shirt and trousers, in order to give myself an ah* of authority, I rowed against the wind to Pickerel Point to oust the trespasser. “You cant fish in this lake,” I said truculently. “There aren't any fish,” he answered. In high exasperation T shouted: “You can't so much as put a hook in the water. You can’t even stand there.” “V r hy, Mr. Broun." he said mildly enough. “I read where you said in the Telegram that you fished all afternoon and didn't get a nibble.” Thus put anew aspect on affairs. It's all right to be fierce with poachers, but a columnist must be polite to subscribers and so it all ended by my telling him that it really wasn't my lake but belonged to a relative. Squire X. who was away and wouldn't he take my fishing pole. B tt B Must Please Public \ ND following up this theory that 1%. th? reading public must be ~'c'"?d. J print, in rwrt a letter from J K„ who asserts that he lies followed "It Seems to Me” for several seasons. Mr. K.'s letter falls into the "Ycu-won't - dare - print - this” class and once I sw’ore a mighty oath that I w r ould never any more be tricked by that particular dodge. However, it was much cooler weather when I swore it. “You 1 would have to be an imbecile.” begins J. K.. “not to be aware of the fact that were your writings in any way filled with thought provoking ideas concerning the better-

THERE never was a first class executive for whom inaction was not a burden. He can not talk about being tired with business cares because he has the habit of enjoying his work and regards the daily routine as an interesting affair."—Charles J. Finger. 'American Mercury.) a u a Wherever you find a wealthy minister or teacher, you know' it is either patrimony or matrimony. He either inherited it or he married it—he never earned it. in his own profession.—Rev Charles R. Brown, dean emeritus of the Yale Dignity School. a a tt I love the clinging vine type of women: I very much dislike the type of women who put on the gloves with me. and hit me where they please, but insist that I be a gentleman and not hit back.—Ed Howe. B B B Church members want to be bamboozled. and the pulpiteer who concocts the best anesthetic and does the job in the most painless, busi-ness-like manner is the fellow who gets the soft job with the salary running well into five figures.—Rev. W. Nevin Elliott. 'Plain Talk.) B B B We in the United States can not “rest on our oars." nor allow our-

& 'vN yg

Don’t Play Too Hard on Vacation

IT SEEMS TO ME * 'S'

Quotations of Notables

‘Limited Tariff Revision’

■HEALTH IN HOT WEATHER*

lengthened to three weeks or a month. Much depends on the temperament of the person concerned. People who take the duties and activities of life lightly need less vacation than those who work constantly with concentration and an overwhelming sense of their responsibilities. The average man thinks of his vacation as a time in which he is going to do a. great deal more in the way of playing of a certain type than he does ordinarily during his daily life. A man who plays eighteen holes of golf twice a week may play thirty-six holes each day for seven days. The man who goes

ment of the economic system they would never find expression in a newspaper. Now you have permission to be as naughty as you want ito be. Well, isn't that nice! Do you believe that if you were in any j way to jeopardize the economic or morai striding of your paper that your job would last a minute? Don’t you know that you are employed as a sort of writing clown, a song and dance man to amuse the readers with your obese antics so that the divine policy of capitalism may continue to function with less friction ? “Look about you! Capital is merging with greater capital to strangle the outcries of wronged labor. Machinery is whirling faster and grinding harder the blood and I sinews of man: vaporizing the blood ; into steam and hardening the I sinews of steel. Our world is bej coming more and more a sad and j desperate path. The world is burning and you are still scratching your violin. And when the reckoning hand of the future will carve into the enduring stone of anew system, a group of names of men I who helped. Heywood Broun, will ! your name be there?” tt tt tt Posterity Muffs One T DON'T suppose it will, but at, 1 -*■ the moment I can think of nothing in my power to alter this omission upon the part of the ages yet to come. Like Mr. K„ I am firmly convinced that the present economic system will give way to something else in time. The new structure will be both kinder and more efficient. It is likely to take something or all of the Socialist theory and put it into practice. Even so the nature of this Utopia remains vague

selves to become overconfident because of the advantages which we possess.—Dr. Julius Klein, assistant secretary of commerce. BBS In all my thirty-five years’ experience the greatest failures I have known in business have been educated chaps waiting for their ships to come in. There is no substitute for hard w'ork: but education is the great shock absorber on life’s highway—Governor Myers Y. Cooper of Ohio. BBS You are successful if you become rich in your calling: you are successful if. without becoming rich, you do service to your fellow men.—Dr. Davis Kinley, president University of Illinois. B B B When I was the Governor of my own state, if I appointed any man to office who did not vote for me, he was a liar, because he said he did.—Senator Blease. South Carolina Clinic Held at Marion By Times special MARION. Ind.. June 27.—Dr Harold S. Hatch, former superintendent of Sunnyside sanitarium. Indianapolis. conducted a diagnostical chest clinic for th Grant County Tuberculosis .Association,

touring on Sunday afternoon takes a trip lasting a week and drives 400 miles each day. Obviously this is not the way to take a proper vacation. One should not work at playing when he is trying to rest from work. It is just as important to avoid overfatigue while resting as it is while working. Many a man hopes for the day when he may take a vacation alone. Year after year he embarks for Vcti mountains or the seaside, accompanied by his wife and children and the servants, and merely adds new responsibilities to the old ones. It is a smart wife who realizes that such a vacation is not a rest for her husband.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America’s most interesting writers, and are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this paper.—The Editor.

in my mind, for there are many brands of Socialism, each claiming tp be orthodox. This new state could be Communistic. If that’s the turn the fact that I have small enthusiasm for the Russian experiment up till now is not likely to have much weight with generations yet unborn. Or even those that are born, for that matter. I don't see why Mr. K. should blame me for the fact that “capital is merging with greater capital.” They never asked my permission. And if they did I'd say, “Go as far as you like.” Monopolies and trusts are an inevitable growth and in the long run these great combinations will b? of benefit to man. I have no faith at all in the theory that cut-throat competition puts money into the consumer's pocket. In fact, I feel sure that no workable Utopia will ever be founded until competition has been eliminated. B tt tt Team Work, Industry means that Mr. K. and Mr. 8.. separated by a narrow street, are both doing precisely the same thing at the same time. If they combined, one of th-m could loaf while the other toiled. If all the columnists in town got together and did a joint article, my share of the job would be about one paragraph, and you must admit that this would make for artistic betterment as well as efficiency. Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Ford and Mr. Morgan are in reality allies of the radicals. They are proving the potentialities of large scale organization. They are putting up the frame work. When they jstep down some genius of statecraft may be able to step in and show how this intricate machinery may be employed for the good of all under direction of the state. But. bless you. I’m not competent to take any part in this transformation. I thank ir. K. for his compliment. As far as I can see. it will not make the slightest difference whether I fiddle or toss my entire thimbleful upon the flames. Copyright. 1929. for The Timm

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JUNE 27,192f

REASON

Ey Frederick Landis Bishop Cannon's Stock Specillations * * * * He Has Doing Business With the Same Element That the Founder of Christianity Drove Out of the Temple • AFTER these experts have selected another Thomas A. Edison for us they should not adjourn, but while they have their hand in they should furnish us with another Michelangelo, another Beethoven, another Demosthenes and another Shakespeare They should also graft a few monkey glands on Uncle Sam by giving us some new Websters and Clays to take the places of the intellectual brownies now in th® United States senate. B tt B Americans seem to be insufferable snobs. We are the only people in this work who make a business of visiting foreign lands and making su-‘ percilious remarks about the folks back home. Clarence Darrow is the latest to unload a cargo of such turtle soup abroad, doing tt in his Paris spe°ch when he said “Americans did not know how to live.” Evidently the way to do it is to devote ones life to the defense of birds like Loeb and Leopold. tt tt tt After the Isaac Walton League has finished taking the gar and dog fish out of the lakes of the United States it should go on and remove the gold diggers from the Sea of Matrimony. BBS JOSEPH KYLE, a rich real estate* broker of Chicago killed a mart, with his automobile in 1923, and was found guilty of manslaughter, but later acquitted. Last. Memorial day he injured another man by driving his automobile while drunk and Judge Samuel Trude said in sentencing him to serve sixty days, “I I am sorry to have to do this.” If you have a heart, write this ! judge a note of sympathy. b a b One thinks of New York City as a place where all the people stand , ready to bleed the rest of the couni try. but this is slightly exaggerated las shown by the offer of one hun- | dred New Yorkers to give of their blood to save a 14-year-old boy, I suffering from Indian fever. B B B ! Aimee McPherson is going to Dei troit to hold a two weeks' evangelism | tic campaign, but she ought to arI range to stay three weeks if she inI tends to cork it completely. BBS This Chicago woman who left her husband and took his glass eye probably wanted to keep the tenderest part of him. B B B One objection to Bishop Cannon's stock speculations is that he was doing business with the same element that the founders of Christianity drove out of the temple.

A#foe^A(4V dbmsodm:

“MISSISSIPPI BUBBLE” June 27 ON June 27. 1720. the gigantic banking and commercial scheme, the “Mississippi Bubble,” burst. The scheme was projected in France by th<* celebrated Scottish financier. John Law. to resuscitate the French finances by removing some of the debt which followed the wars of Louis XIV. Money was to flow into Franc® by developing the resources of th® province of Louisiana and the country bordering on the Mississippi—a, tract at that time believed to * bound in precious metals. A company was incorporated in 1717 and started with capital of 100,000.000 livres. Two hundred thousand shares were placed on the market and eagerly bought up. In 1719. the company changed its name and obtained a monopoly of trading to the East Indies. China and the South Seas and all the posA sessions of the French East India company. The brilliant visions opened up to the public gaze was irresistible. Public enthusiasm became an absolute frenzy. A fictious impulse was given trade in Paris; paper currency to the face value of 2,700,000,000 livres flooded the country. Many were investors, foreseeing a crisis, secretly converted their paper and shares into gold. Scarcity of gold and silver in France becoming acute, a general run was made on the national bank. The government issued an order reducing the value of bank notes and shares in the company by onehalf. The final crisis came ii> 1720, w*hen the bank stopped payment and Law was compelled to flee the country. A share in the Mississippi now brought with difficulty twenty-four lires.