Indianapolis Times, Volume 41, Number 3, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 May 1929 — Page 4

PAGE 4

JCB IPPJ- HOWA.MO

The Young Men Were there no omer reason, and there are many, for supporting the Young Men of Indianapolis in their enterprises, they furnish it in the new idea of welcoming builders and men of initiative to this city. When they banquet the heads of new industries 'tarred in this city within the past year, they strike anew note. In the past the banquets have been held for those who go away after reaching success or fame or fortune. The old idea was to do homage to the departing and wish them well. That, too, was a good idea. For there is nothing greater than gratitude nor firmer than friendship. But if cities grow, they must attract new blood, new ideas, new forces. This city has made progress within a year. And when men of initiative and enterprise throw in their fortunes with this city, they may have better chances for success if they receive the glad hand of fellowship instead of striving to earn praise and plaudits later. Perhaps the name of the new organization explains the changed attitude. Youth is ever hopeful. It always looks into the future. In sponsoring the aviation exhibition and working to make this city a center of this new Industry, this same organization deserves not only praise but whole-hearted support. Aviation is still an infant industry, a lusty one, but an infant. The city that ran attract factories which contribute to this industry will grow and prosper. All those who have the spirit of youth as well as the lack of years to qualify should plan to attend the banquet to be staged by this important group in honor of the new citizens who have brought industries here. That spirit which prompts this demonstration wall win when other efforts fail.

The Law's Delays

Thcr* is something very significant in the establishment of the National Public Tribunal of the American Arbitration Association, to be opened formally thi month This organization, built by voluntary effort through six years of patient work, means the creation of machinery for arbitration of business dispute.; without recourse to courts and lawyers. Court and lawyers are too expensive for most business disputes. And what is more, they tend to tangle rather than untangle disputes. As iong ago as Shakespeare, the "law's delays’’ were a by-word. A number c industries already have set up their owm methods of settling disputes, as witness baseball and movies. But this new arbitration machinery is for the general business public. It is really the beginning of anew ret of courts, which one day entirely may supplant the present system. For it will be remembered that in England the beginning of the so-called “justice courts" and magistrates’ courts were voluntary offices set up by Fielding, the novelist, and his brother. Sir .John, where persons baffled at the impossibility of legal machinery went to get “real justice.’’ Historically considered, the legal profession is a big cobweb woven about the place and the power of the judge. Tn the beginning the “court" was the entrance to the judicial chamber. In this "court" or gateway unofficial hangers-on collected to buttonhole prospective litigants, and to get a little money out of them for showing them the best way to the favor of the judge. These “lawyers" and "counsellors" made it their business to pretend to know the best way to draw up papers. And to impress the ignorant iitigants they made the papers very technical, and emphasized always the importance of certain words and phrases Thus in course of time they had built up the wiiole hugger-mugger of pleadings and indictments and appeals and demurrers, all seasoned with a little hogLatin and some French. The judges got in on the game and it all grew: to be very expensive for litigants and tedious for the parties who really looked for a settlement, until in these days a lawsuit is the synonym for trouble, delays, and expense Whenever any one talks about reforming legal and judicial practice they refer it to the lawyers—the bar association —the very people who have built up the structure of delay and expense and whose living is built on delay and expense. The lawyers can not be expected to pull down their owti house. The spider does not destroy the cobweb. Some housewife with a broom is the one to do that.

Lawless Judges

Senator Shipstead's renewed protest against the unchecked issuance of severe injunctions in labor disputes is given point by two events recently in the news. In one of them, striking restaurant workers in New r York City were forbidden to congregate at all near the restaurant they were striking against, or to distribute any kind of pamphlets or propaganda. to the other, right here at home, the Indiana state supreme court affirmed an injunction which prevented striking 'coal miners from congregating anywhere—not merely near the company’s properties—to lay any plans whatsoever for getting working miners to join them. Shipstead seeks to limit federal judges in their use of the anti-strike injunction, in a bill now pending in the senate. That the two examples cited above were from state courts only means that the state judges are following the bad example set by their big brothers on the federal bench. It should not be forgotten that a federal judge in Indiana granted one of the most outrageous injunctions on record, which forbade striking street car workers even to consult their attorney to determine their legal rights under his rulings. Shipstead rightly denounces such things, wherever they may occur, as perversions of justice. He points out that under them a judge may. in effect, indict, try. convict and sentence a man to jail without recourse. This might be all right under an oriental despotism, but it hardly can be tolerated much longer in the United States. The Consumer Pays The senate has passed the debenture farm relief bill, with its export bounty provision. But this action doesn’t mean anything, we are told. The house Hill throw out the debenture plan, and President Hoover would veto it anyway. We are not so certain that the senate's action is a ft tile gesture. To be understood, the debenture vote must be seen

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indlanariolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents—lo cents a week: elsewhere, Scents—l 2 cents a week BOYD GCRLEY. RQY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President Business Manager FHONE—Riley 5551 WEDNESDAY. MAY IS. 1929. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

in relation to the tariff situation. As the President and economists have been demonstrating, the debenture plan is unsound economically and inexpedient financially. But so is the high protective tariff bill. Therefore, if the price gap between what the farmer buys and sells is to be widened to his fuuher detriment by industrial increases in the tariff bill, the idea of the debenture is to close that price gap, with a compensating subsidy to the farmer. If a high tariff subsidy for industry is legitimate, a debenture subsidy for farmers is legitimate. There isn't any adequate answer to that argument, except that it seems to take care of everyone but the gentle consumer, who gets rooked two ways instead of one. And the gentle consumer is not always long-suffer-ing. He has his moments—rare enough in all conscience—when he fights back at the polls That is the advantage of the senates vote for a farm subsidy. It carries out with such beautiful logic t he system of protecting special classes at the expense of the country as a whole- Beautiful logic, but deadly. For it is apt to be the subsidy straw that breaks the consumer’s back—and patienceIf the senate's farm subsidy is attached to the high tariff bill, the consumer probably will gain in the end. The President probably would veto the dual subsidy to industry and agriculture. Otherwise, the rising cost of living doubtless would stimulate the voters by 1930 to elect a no-subsidy congress.

Senators of the Interests It has become the custom to say of certain public men, ‘'they represent the interests.” To many people this is a mere phrase, with no particular meaning. Just now there is a good example of what the phrase does mean. The state of North Carolina is represented by two veteran senators, Simmons and Overman. They are both gentle, kindly men, with no cruelty in their dispositions. happneed to have grandchildren of school age, they would not put them into a cotton mill to work ten or twelve hours a day or night. Yet both these senators feel it necessary to oppose by speech and vote the resolution introduced by Senator Wheeler to investigate labor conditions in North Carolina Both of these senators have for years opposed federal legislation which would regulate child labor. The people who own mills in North Carolina have not wanted such regulation and have fallen back on the legal pretext that it is "opposed to the doctrine of state rights.” The state, being conceded the right to make such regulations, has refrained from doing so, for the same reasons. Senator Overman, in opposing any investigation, goes back to the transparent bogey of the “red menace.” He fears "agitators” and even drags in poor old Moscow. But the children and mothers who came from the mill strikes to plead with him at the capital were not Russians. Overman in this instance does not represent the people of North Carolina. He represents special interests. An Ohio man has invented an electric signal device which enables people to find seats in movie theaters without the aid of ushers. We hope it's equipped with some sort of silencer for those w'ho will not, be content until they explain to their neighbors how it works. A possum strayed into the White House grounds the other night. That’s some variation from the recent regime, when the President himself used to play possum once in a w'hiie. A man named Speed, arrested for fast driving in Davenport, Ia„ was represented by Attorney Swift. The only thing needed to complete the case would be the jurisdiction of the Ohio jurist. Judge Days. Whisky on the breath has been made a felony in Hickory Flats. Miss. If you take a drink in that town, don't breathe it to a soul.

David Dietz on Science

How Halos Form

No. 355

THE second type of cloud listed officially in ‘Cloud Forms,” as agreed to by the International Meteorological committee- is the cirro-stratus. , It will be remembered that No. 1 was the cirrus cloud. The cirre-stratus cloud is officially described as follows; “A thin sheet of whitish cloud; sometimes

SUN HALO

defined sharply through a cirro-stratus cloud. The cirro-stratus often produces halos around the sun or the moon. These halos are positive proof that this type of cloud is composed of'minute ice crystals. The halos are the result of the refraction of reflection of the sunlight or moonlight by the tiny crystals which compose the cloud The halos are of two kinds. When the light is diffracted, that is. when it passes through the crystals, the halo consists of rainjxny colors This is because the light has been spread out into the colors of the rainbow just as when light is passed through a glass pjrism. When the light is merely reflected from the faces of the ice crystals, the result is a white halo. The colored halos usually consist of one of three kinds. The first is a circle with a radius of 22 degrees. The second is a similar but larger circle, having a radius of 46 degrees. . The third is known as the circumzenithal arc. This is a brilliantly colored segment of a circle having the zenith or point directly overhead for its center. The most common type of the white or reflected halos are the parhelic circle and the sun pillar. The parhelic circle is a white band of light passing around the sky through the sun and parallel to the horizon. The sun pillar, as its name would indicate, is a streak or pillar of light extending above and below the sun. The amateur weather observer should be familiar with the cirro-stratus cloud. Whenever cirrus clouds give way to cirro-stratus clouds it means that rain or snow (depending upon the temperature) are only a few hours away.

M. E. Tracy

LVo Human Being Seems Ca- | pable of Practicing What He Preaches Continuously. " V ”HOUGH not intentionally per- | haps, this investigation of power money as it relates to newspapers damns the working forces of journalism with faint praise. The idea seems to prevail that whoever owns the stock runs the show and that editors, editorial writers, reporters and other contributors are just a bunch of dumb driven cattle. That simply is not so. The thousands of men and women who actually supervise or provide the material for American newspapers are as honest as the average and as independent. Making allowance for that per cent of weakness and charlatanism, which infects every cross section of humanity, there is not a power on earth that could prostitute their opinions and ideals. a a v Walking to Fame NOTHING is so prosaic or freaky that it cannot be made the basis of fame and fortune if a man does it well enough. Flagpole sitting is about the most useless avocation one can think of, yet it has brought, both cash and publicity to quite a few. Walking not only is one of the most common place, but oldest of human activities, yet it kept Edward Payson Weston on the front page for sixty-eight years, the point being that he did it better than any one else. a tt b Preaching and Practicing NO human being seems capable of practicing what he preaches continuously. Here is Henry Ford who has maintained for many years that factories ought to be located in the country and that organized industry should do what it could to prevent further congestion buying a site on the Jersey side of the Hudson river and contributing his bit to make the metropolitan district of New York a more outstanding abomination unto the Lord than it already is. BBS Graf Zeppelin Flight THE Graf Zeppelin is ready to start on her way to America, with nineteen paying passengers, a crew of forty and a female gorilla as human freight, and a grand piano to prove her capacity as a commerce carrier. Weather permitting, she will reach New York within seventy or eighty hours after leaving Friedrichshafen, and will leave on her journey four days later. Thirty years ago. 99.9 per cent of the human race believed that such a thing was impossible, which shows what belief amounts to. b b a Denmark and Arms DENMARK has just elected a ! parliament committed to the proposition of complete disarm- i ament. Two arguments seem to have been responsible for the result—first, that if the big powers meant what they said, a small nation like Denmark did not need an army and navy; second, if they did not mean what j they said, an army and navy would J do her no good. Good sense, when you come to j think of it. What would a country like Den- ! mark do, if a big nation set out to j make war against her, and if no big nation intends to, why waste I all the taxes on tin soldiers. tt tt B Hindenburg to Retire VON HINDENBURG looks for- ! ward to comfortable rest on his country estate when his pres- j ent term as head of the German ; republic comes to an end in 1932, but as Thackeray says, "Who gets what he wants in this life, or getting it is satisfied?” Von Hindenburg was resting comfortably on his country estate at the age of 66 when the war broke out. For the next four years he was about the busiest man in Europe, | after which he retired to rest again. When he had reached 77, how- 1 ever, he was drafted to take control j of a badly demoralized country and j since that time has been quite busy j tor another four years. Like most people who have ! worked hard, Von Hindenburg j thinks he would be happy in retire- j ment, and that other people would j let him. but that is a dream that i seldom comes true. a tt a Back at Work CLEMENCEAU. who sought rest and retirement after eighty years of turmoil, and after having served France as premier ten times, finds himself compelled to write a j book in order to clear up some j questions raised by the recently published biography of Marshal Foch. Asa matter of fact he could not wait for that excuse, but has been at work on two or three books ever j since he quit the maddening crowd, j Work is a habit. Men who have i become accustomed to it can not j be happy if they quit.

covering the sky completely and merely giving it a milky appearance; then it is called cirro - nebula or cirrus haze; at other times presenting more or less distinctly a fibrous structure like a tangled web. ’ Though denser th an the cirrus cloud, the cirrostratus is still very thin. The outline of the sun is

Daily Thought

Seeing then that these things can not be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet and to do nothing rashly.—Acts 19:36. ana lET us not throw the rope after / the bucket.—Cervantes. Putnam Bankers Elect ti<i Time* Special t GREENCASTLE. Ind.. May 15. Joseph Crosby, assistant cashier of the Central National Bank here, is the new president of the Putnam County Bankers Association. Other officers are Curtis Hughes. Bainbridge, vice-president; Nathan Call. Roachdale. treasurer, and P. C Goff. Russellville, secretary.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES _

SAYS:

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hyjcia, the Health Magazine. THE common cold sore is a blister that usually appears on the lips or near the angle of the mouth, usually at the point where the skin joins the mucous membrane, thfe red lining of the mouth cavity. Sometimes they appear also at the junction of the skin of the nose with the lining, and they have appeared at other openings of the body. The scientific name for cold sores is herpes simplex, which distinguishes these from the kind of blisters that are known as shingles. Scientifically, shingles are known as herpes zoster. Herpes simplex are also called fever sores. It generally is quite understood that shingles appear along the course of sensory nerves and that

IN SPRING the thoughts of younger men may turn to love, but I am chiefly assailed by the notion that it is the time to buy some more paint and canvas and get back to my art. Winter's no good for painting. Unless I can sweat I can’t paint. And not always then. It depends upon the subject. Joyce Kilmer said that only God could make a tree. I must protest that the poet was wrong. If painting were nothing more than doing trees, anybody could be a Leonardo da Vinci. Trees are the easiest of all. Os course I don't mean special varieties of trees. The great masters, I suppose, can do you oaks or maples, birches or beeches. I don’t go in for any such detail. A tree is just a tree and anybody who wants to know what particular kind is a dirty old pedant. Even in life many of us can’t tell one kind of a tree from another. For the purposes of an early Broun a tree is a green mass with yellow spots here and there and the whole thing stuck at the top of a brown cylinder. This should contain a few dabs of purple. In real life there is no purple in a tree trunk, but an artist is under the obligation to show that he is not slavish in his adherence to nature. Sometimes a bit ot red doesn’t do the tree any harm. The beauty of this system is that while the resulting object may not look precisely like a tree, it won’t look enough like anything else to deceive the spectator.

"Always Belittlin' " THAT," said one of my wisecracking friends, while gazing at the freshly painted landscape, “is the best picture of a woman which you have ever done, but don’t you think that you made her corset just a bit too tight?” He lied. This was merely illtimed humor, for he knew perfectly well it was a study of an apple orchard. Trees are good things to paint after a hard night. Ii is soothing to slosh the green around and it doesn't make much difference whether your hand is steady. If it slips, well, then the tree has a crooked trunk and many of them are like that. All the defects of draftmanship work to the advantage of the tyro artist. It is possible to get a swell gnarled effect just through the accident that you can’t draw a straight line. Just add a couple of knotholes and label the thing “Ancient Oak.” Legs are much worse than trees. Legs refuse to meet the painter half-way. Through the courtesy of modern styles it has been my privilege to see a great many legs. I guess I've seen more legs than trees, or so it seems to me. And yet I can't do them. One of the difficulties is that they come in pairs. It is possible# to build a picture around a single tree, but when you paint a leg, then it is almost essential to do another very like- it. This is dull and difficult xc-r an inspirational artist like myself.

Little American Tragedies!

o*6 LAST YEAR'S STRAW (4 AT !

Kissing Can’t Cause Cold Sores

IT SEEMS TO ME 87 ‘SJT

HEALTH SUPERSTITIONS—No. U

there is for them a nervous basis, although infections may be the stimulating factor to the nerves. Fever sores, cold sores, or fever blisters usually begin with a sensation of itching, followed by the development of small blisters which eventually dry up forming thin crusts. The crusts fall off and disappear in from ten to fourteen days. The cause of fever sores is unknown. Some insist that there is a bacterial basis, others postulate a nervous origin and the public are likely to insist that indigestion, exposure to sunlight* colds, pneumonia and osculation—that’s kissing—are the real basis. The fact -that fever sores appear in about 40 per cent of cases of pneumonia is a possible indication of some infectious origin. There is a superstition among physicians that when fever sores appear in pneumonia it is a favorable sign.

For Shorter Legs ONE of the chief difficulties with legs is that they are too long. Not yet have I ever succeeded in painting a woman w : ho did not seem to be sittting down. To be sure there is no rule against painting them in this posture, but then it's a fearful job fitting a chair under them. I'm not even goood at furniture legs. Naturally, I paint nudes. In fact, I am probably the author of the aphorism. “No nudes is good nudes.” Nevertheless there is no point at all in being an artist unless you do nudes. Mine are not from the life, but from various illustrated magazines which purport to have the good of poor and struggling painters as the sole object of publication. Still, the news stands will sell them to you even if you haven't got a smock and if I were a real honest to goodness painter we would live in a top garret romantically. I refer to Mimi as the other half of “we.' In all the stories I’ve read she is either Mimi or Yvonne. But I have no Mimi for various reasons. For one thing there is an elevator in this apartment which would spoil everything. Mimi must have weak lungs and pause on every landing to cough plaintively. When an elevator comes into a building, love flies out of the penthouse. Even if this were the proper sort of garret, Mimi would not be of much use to me. I can’t draw well enough. It wouldn’t be any fun to paint and have an ever-present

Quotations of Notables

~' "T''HE man with the best tools has f x the best chance of success, and there is no tool to be compared with knowledge.”—Harvey S. Firestone. an u “I want to say a word against slavish copying of methods which may have produced prosperity in other lands. Take such experience as American mass production methods or German cartelized control of entire industries. These may be j only passing phases.”—Baron Ebbi- j shan, former lord mayor of London, j BBS “I very seriously doubt that Ein- j stein himself really knows what he j is driving at.”—William Henry Cardinal O’Connor, Boston. BBS “I do not think we have any airports in the United States today that may be considered models for the future. Two or three are now being constructed, but we have nothing to compare with those in Europe.”—Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh. (Time.) B B B “A department of education similar to the other departments of government is not required.”—Ray Lynan Wilbur, secretary of the interior. “This bill (farm relief) sets up one of the greatest bureaucracies in j the history of the world with wages and ill-defined powers gives it SSOO,- ■ 000,000 to experiment with; and

When confronted with such a condition as multiple cold sores the attempts at treatment constitute two varieties; 1, getting the body into the best possible hygienic state generally; 2, attempting in some manner to relieve the local disturbance. For the latter purpose, almost every one has his favorite remedy. The camphor stick, witch hazel, alcohol, cologne water with alum and numerous other skin remedies have been tried with varying degrees of success. Scientific statistics are not available as to the exact number of instances in which fever blisters have occurred with and without preceding osculation. The latter performance is so widespread and so varied in its technic that the accumulation of scientific data would seem to be well nigh impossible.

Ideals and opinions expressed in this column are those of one of America's most interesting writers, and are presented without regard to tpeii agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude ot this paper.—The Editor.

j model standing about and laugh--1 ing her fool head off. tt tt a Mimi a Bit Askew OR perhaps she would be annoyed to see herself a little lopsided. My nudes never look happy. The expression upon their faces is one of reproach. They stand about and almost seem to shout that they did not ask to be born. Well, if they don’t like the existence and the form in which it has pleased this artist to call them I can easily fix tha!t by changing them all into trees. Leaves are colored more conveniently than people's skins. Some of the old masters guarded their secrets jealously, but I don't mind saying that for flesh tints I use Chinese white, Venetian red and yellow ochre. I don’t mind revealing this because it works out so badly. Even mature nudes glare out of my pictures red as new-born infants. A little more yellow just makes them unhealthy and I refuse to succeed simply through being odd and decadent. Faces are just as bad as legs. Hair is not so hard, but I just can’t get the hang of a nose. The mouth, at a pinch, can be dispensed with by the use of a red blob. In that case you call the picture "Impression” or "Nocturne” or something like that and pretend that you did not remember that she had a mouth j or that at any rate you were not interested. (Copyright. 1929, for The Timesi

makes the federal farm board virtually answerable to President Hoover alone.”—Senator Wheeler. Montana. n a a The purchasers of worthless stocks in the United States lost more than $400,000,000 last year. This is not the kind of a skin you love to touch.

We don’t want, expect or ask a man to give us his business just because we both live in —Tr the same town, but we do ex/i V \ pect his business when we g\\ \L L£K\ actually offer him— The Best $35 Suit y in Indianapolis ■ ,/f i] Fine Quality Society ■ j iU Brand. Suits —J f uW I Wilson Bros. Haberdashery. Come In and Look Them Over DOTY'S 16 North Meridian St.

MAY 15. I9SF

REASON

By Frederick Landis'

Lindy Took Only a Sandwich When Hr Hopped the Atlani tic Ocean , but He'll Need More Equipment (Peer the Sea of Matrimony. MR. HOOVER will hand Teddy Roosevelt one of the most at- ; tractive jobs in the world when he makes him governor of Porto Rico. It is the land of flowers and the burial place of Ponce de Leon, the gentleman who crossed the Atlantic, hoping to find tpe fountain of eteral youth. The governor lives in a palace by i the sea and has no responsibility, except to see that the mosquito netting is over the bed before retir- ! ing. ana Last Sunday was Mother's day, but the first of every month is Father's day. That's when they all fall due. B tt B Here's the most bitter dose in ; modern times—Senator Hiram John- | son of California and President | Hoover are ancient enemies. After | long years of constant labor, Johnson finally put, over construction of I Boulder Dam; it will owe its existj cnee to him. more than to anybody ! else, and now the senate proposes ! to name the dam after Hoover, n tt tj LINDY took only a ham sandwich ! when he started for Paris, but he'll have to take a lot more equipment than that when he and Anne hop off over the Sea of Matrimony on June 15. tt tt tt Senator Simeon Fess of Ohio continues to bo the cut-up of the United States senate. Mr. Coolidge found it necessary to lambast Fess every now and then for presuming to speak for the White House, and I now Borah, Nye and Brookhart are pursuing him because he writes let- | ters abouts the insurgent Repub- | licans. If the senate had to furnish a liv—j ing sacrifice for some purpose, Fess I and Heflin would run neck and neck for the honor.

Our dear allies think we should reduce our reparations claims against Germany; also our bill for maintaining an army in Germany after the armistice. The allies grabbed the earth, you recall, when peace was restored, and we did not ask for a, dollar or an inch of ground. When the next European war comes, the gentleman who will oe in charge of the propaganda to get us into it will have to get up very early in the morning. a a a THE United States and Great Britain quarrel more than sny other two nations, yet the English cheered wildly when Charles E. Hughes said in his London speech that Anglo-American friendship is the cornerstone of peace. Who said the English had no sense of humor! a a tt Before Jacob Gould Schurman, our ambassador to Germany, permits this Berlin factory to name a cigar after him, he should find the conditions under which the cigar was made. The late Senator Beveridge had a weed named after him. only to lose votes later on when it was found that the cigar was made in a non-union shop.

A FARM RELIEF MOVE

May 15

ON May 15, 1862, a radical piece of farm relief legislation went into effect—the department of agriculture came into being as a separate branch of the federal government. The head of the department w-as not made a member of the President’s cabinet, however, until 1889. He and two others—the secretary of commerce and secretary of labor—are the only cabinet members not eligible to the presidency by succession in event of the President’3 and Vice-President’s death, resignation or inability to hold office. The law establishing the order of succession was passed before these three cabinet officers were*created and never changed. The department created sixty-two years ago today grew out of a voluntary distribution of seeds begun by the commissioner of patents in 1836 Congress recognized this service as praiseworthy and three year* later appropriated SI,OOO to be taken from patent office funds and used to extend the work. Hince that time the functions of the department have multiplied tremendously until now it is one of the most far-reaching of all the branches of the federal government.