Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 169, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 December 1928 — Page 4

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SCttIPPJ-KOWA.tt.D

Fixing Salaries If the legislature does nothing else, It should not neglect to pass some measure which will end the fee system of salaries in every county. Some of these incomes of public officials, especially in Lake county, amount to a public scandal. The prosecutor of thas county is discovered to draw more money than will be paid to Herbert Hoover as President of the United States. The sheriff gets almost as much. The effect of such salaries on the conduct of the office and on the political affairs can not be other than very bad. In this county the one office that is still the prize for the machine is that of treasurer. Some effort was made to make the pay correspond with the service two years ago when a law was passed that prevented the treasurer from putting the interest on improvement funds into his own pocket. But the fees are still much too large for the service rendered. In eliminating the fee system, which has always been corrupting, there is one other reform that should be made. That is abolition of the extra $25 fee provided by the Wright law for prosecuting all liquor cases. It was under this provision that the dry organization has had its flying squadron of attorneys that have traveled over the state in the past, assisting in prosecutions, but in reality drawing down big sums for sending drunks to jail. If there be any necessity for large lines to make the state dry, the money should be paid as fines and not as fees to lawyers for prosecutions. One great drawback to any respect for the law is the persistent effort of dry professionals to put that law upon a basis different than exists for other laws. The attitude of the legislature toward machine government and political corruption will be estimated, to some extent, by its actions in eliminating the fee system, the greatest aid to corrupt politics and a continuation of boss rule. Coolidge and Congress President Coolidge is finishing his job as he began. His final regular message to congress is characteristic. It reveals an aloof executive, whose virtue is a passion for economy at home and sympathy with peace abroad, and whose fault is an insensitiveness to acute problems of predatory wealth, violated civil liberties, and Pharisaical imperialism. Those parts of his message recording the government’s material gains, and recommending further economy and efficiency, are impressive. “One-third of the national debt has been paid, while much of the other two-thirds has been refunded at lower rates, and these savings of interest and constant economies have enabled us to repeat the satisfying progress of more tax reductions,” he says. “Under this sound and healthful encouragement, the national income has increased nearly 50 per cent, until it is estimated to stand well over $90,000,000,000.” Timely is his warning that the present margin between federal expense and income is less than a 1 per cent surplus, which “makes it obvious that the treasury is in no condition to undertake increases in expenditures to be made before June 30.” He sees that there should be no further general tax reduction, but forgets the need for shifting more of the burden to the backs of those best able to bear it. He repeats useful recommendations for railway consolidations and for inland waterway development with joint rail and water rates. Why he should single out the need for co-ordinat-ing federal legal activities and veterans’ agencies, without urging the desired general reorganization of governmental departments, is unclear. On farm relief, the President has nothing very new to say. But what he does offer has the advantage of being sound as far as it goes. He specifies the orthodox forms of federal aid: Technical reports by the department of agriculture, reforestation, curtailment of new homesteads, extension of co-operatives. Having twice slain the McNary equalization fee panacea for surplus crops, he supports the Hoover plan for a federal farm board, “to advise producers’ associations in establishing central agencies or stabilizing corporations to handle surpluses.” The revolving loan fund to finance these agencies, he says, should be provided by a bill carrying “authority for raising the money, by loans or otherwise—-as the treasury has no surplus.” The surprise of the message is omission of any reference to the tariff, either for farm relief or general revision. Although he mentions prohibition, his brief discussion of this serious problem is inadequate. He recognizes the right of opponents “to advocate its modmeation or repeal.” He implies—what is all too true—that the states are evading their equal obligation with the federal government to provide enforcement. But there is no word in the message of the progressive collapse of federal enforcement, no suggested improvements, no questioning of the efficacy of prohibition in the face of such a sagging experiment. Just as the President seems unaware of the issues of individual and state rights raised by prohibition, he ignores most of the current issues of civil liberties and social reform. He asks for anti-lynching legislation. But he is silent on child labor, on free speech and assemblage, and on anti-labor injunctions. This insensitiveness to human values enables him to think that our phenomenal prosperity “has had the widest distribution among our own people.” He apparently does not know that there is a “constant jobless horde of more than a million, which grew to more than three million men in this very year of relative prosperity; that the mechanization of industry is unavoidably increasing this danger.” He apparently does not know of the sick basic industries, such as coal and textiles. He apparently does not know that increased wages are limited in the main to union trades, that the unorganized and unskilled need help. The same blindness permits him to discuss Muscle Shoals and Boulder dam solely from the get-the-government-out-of-business angle, without seeing that the people’s control of natural resources and cheap electricity is at stake. That there is a giant power lobby, power propaganda, power grab, you never would guess from this message.’ This strange contradiction, which always has characterized Coolidge as President, reached its height in his treatment of national defense and foreign affairs. He appeals splendidly for ratification of the

The Indianapolis Times (A SCBtPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents —10 cents a week: elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLKY, ROY W. PRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—RILEY 5551. WEDNESDAY. DEC. 5. 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

Kellogg multilateral treaty, “renouncing war as an instrument of national policy.” He emphasizes that we have peace and peaceful prospects. He warns that our national defense budget “has increased $118,000,000 in the last four years.” He says we do not need a larger army and that new naval ships should be limited chiefly to replacements. He asks congress to drop the time clause from the fifteen-cruiser bill, thus implying that “paper” ships for bargaining purposes with Britain are enough without actual construction yet. But oblivious to our imperialistic growth, he whitewashes our disgraceful Nicaraguan venture, and ignores our Haitian intervention, the Chinese appeal for equal treaties, the Cuban cry for release from the protectorate, the Virgin islanders’ request for citizenship, Porto Rico’s demand for autonomy, and the pledge of Philippine independence still unredeemed. Summing up the ideal of American policy at home and abroad, the President says: “In addition to dealing justly, we can well afford to walk humbly.” But do we? A Check on Libel The indictment of several individuals for circulating as genuine the “fourth degree Knights of Columbus bath,” which was proved bogus several years ago, may curb the unruly tongues of those who have spread that horrible oath all over the country. The charge made against such scandal-spreaders is criminal libel. There has been at least one conviction, and Just the other day the resignation of one reckless preacher was demanded by his congregation. Others probably now will be more careful in their public utterances. The crime of it lies in the fact that if the bogus oath were genuine, it was enough not only to foment indignation, but actual hatred, toward members of the Catholic order; and when ministers of the gospel helped spread it around as a fact, many people who attach more than ordinary importance to what a preacher says were misled into an honest belief that some of their fellow-citizens acutally took such an awful oath. That meant that they couldn’t believe that any one who took such an oath possibly could be a patriotic American citizen. Some years ago officials of the Knights of Columbus took the pains 'to prove that there was no such oath in any part of their initiation; or requirement for membership; and the Masons made public their finding. Free speech is one of our constitutional guarantees, but it involves responsibility for abuse of the privilege, It does not mean free license to lie and to deceive the public at the expense of some people who exercise their privilege of worshiping in their own way. The Christmas Tree The season in which one’s thoughts turn to Christmas trees is just about upon us. And so much has been written about forest conservation recently that many people feel that cutting down young fir trees for Christmas constitutes a needless drain upon our forests. Such fears, however, are ungrounded. This comes on the authority of no less a person than Charles Lathrop Pack, president of the American Tree Association, and a last-ditch defender of our forests if ever there was one. The type of tree used for Christmas, says Pack, would not be worth a great deal even if it were allowed to mature in its native settingg. In addition, an ever-increasing proportion of Christmas trees comes from private forests that are restocked yearly, so that the supply is maintained constantly. So go ahead and plan on having an old-fashioned tree—you can do At with a clear conscience. A man returned his license to the county clerk in York, Pa., the other day, explaining the prospective bride "got cold feet.” You can’t blame a man for wanting to be comfortable on a winter’s night.

.David Dietz on Science .

How Reflector Works No. 225

TWO types of telescopes are in use today. One is called the refractor. It traces its ancestry back to the first little telescope which Galileo used in 1609, though it contains hundreds of improvements, starting with those of Kepler in 1611. The other type of telescope is the reflector, invented shortly after 1666 by ,Sir Isuac Newton. The refractor is the sort of telescope with which people in general are familiar. It has a large lens at the far end. This lens is known as the object glass or

1 4 * ■ T i /- -a±> I i 7\ ;/ \ i • / * • -T \• \ ! • • \i •/ \l TMe REFLECTING TELESCOPE

one side of the top of the tube. Many people have difficulty in understanding how the reflector type works. This grows out of a confusion with regard to the refractor type. The big lens in a refractor is not a magnifying glass. Its function is merely to concentrate a large amount of light into a very bright image. The eyepiece of the telescope is the magnifier. It is really a microscope which is used to magnify the bright image produced by the object glass. The value of a large object glass is that it concentrates more light in the image and therefore permits of the use of eyepieces of greater magnifying power. The accompanying diagram illustrates how the reflector is constructed. The light of the star comes down the tube, TANARUS, and strikes the large concave mirror, M. This concentrates the light or brings it to a focus. The small mirror, M 2, bends the converging rays from the big mirror at right angles so that they come to a focus at the eyepiece. I. This eyepiece, as in the refractor, is the magnifier, enlarging the bright image which has been formed by the big mirror. The arrangement shown in the accompanying diagram is the most common. Other arrangements are possible. In some cases a small hole is cut in the center of the big mirror. The small mirror is then placed parallel with the big one. the image being reflected through the hole in the big mirror to an eyepiece which is placed below it.

M. E. TRACY SAYS: “It Is Youth's Right to Dream, but It Is the Duty of Older People to . See That It Dreams in the Right Direction

IT is with mixed emotions that we follow King George’s fight for life. From a scientific standpoint pleurisy may be no different in the palace than in the hovel, but from a political standpoint it is. Even the greatest of human institutions leans on some individual. Not only England, but the whole civilized world owes something to King GeOrge. He has not only been a careful, kindly ruler, but has shown good judgment and a rare degree of courage. Had he felt obliged to protect the royal breed, rather than human ideals, as most kings are supposed to feel, the great war might have resulted differently. Had he been less patient and considerate in dealing with domestic problems, the British empire might not be in as good a position as it is today. tt tt a Even as You and I While the multitude thinks of King George in political terms, and weighs the outcome of his illness in the light of its political effect, there are those who think of him as a plain human being—a father, and a husband. The queen who watches in the next room by night is his wife; the two princes hurrying home from Africa are his sons; the two women who wait with their mother are his daughters. Kings are only mere mortals, after all. George V has only one heart and one pair of lungs, even as you and I. tt a a Taught to Think Ezra Meeker dies at 97. He was one of the last to travel the Oregon trail by ox cart, and one of the first to fly over it in an airplane. Few mortals ever have been identified with a greater migration. Fewer still have lived to see that migration settle down to civilized life. It is said that more than 300,000 people went over the Oregon trail before the advent of railroads and that more than twenty %thousand fell by the wayside. That was a mighty achievement in itself, but it seems pale and colorless compared to what the survivors and their children accomplished after reaching the goal. The kind of pioneering which Ezra Meeker stood for was really worth while, because It gave birth to the kind that such men as Morse, Bell and Edison exemplify. Traveling unknown ’ trails taught men to think. e a tt Voodooism and Death Notwithstanding all we have accomplished by using our brains, some of the oldest and most perverted superstitions still survive. Out of York, Pa., comes a tale that belongs to the fourteenth century—a tale of “voodooism” witchcraft, spells and murder done in obedience to jungle aberrations. A “powwow doctor” John Blymyer catches two boys in the web of his cheap magic, teaches them to believe in charms, to suppose they are bewitched and to look upon an old farmer as the one who has surrounded them with evil influences. “Get a lock of • the old man’s hair,” Blymyer tells these boys, “and he will be unable to do you harm.” They undertake to do so. the old man puts up a fight and they murder him in cold blood. Now it develops that Blymyer is not the only “powwbwer” in York county, that the boys are not the only ones to have fallen for “voodooism'’ and the poor old farmer is not the only individual to have lost his life because of the crazy notions thus spread. According to Coroner L. V. Zach, the deaths of at least five babies are traceable to “pow wow” healing in York county. The county medical society says that Coronor Zach’s estimate is too low and that scores of infants, as well as some adults have died unnecessarily because their relatives and friends were so obsessed with the black art tliat they refused to call in physicians. tt tt tt Dangerous Riddles It is still easy to be mystified. Unsolved riddles confront us on every hand. The safe course is to pay ’.css attention to what we don’t know and more to what we do. Incomplete as human knowledge may be it is big enough to offer any human being all the outlet he needs, and then some. If those two boys in York county, had gone in for repairing automobiles, making toy airplanes, or even football, instead of listening while a half-wit chattered jungle bunk, the chances are there would be one less sensatiopal crime to nauseate the American public. a tt tt 'Sweet Dreams’ It is yoyth’s right to dream, but it is the duty of older people to see that it dreams in the right direction. Dreaming about black magic, or fairy godmothers is a very different thing than dreaming about what one can do on his own account. Evelyn Kidd of Spirit Lake, la., though only 16 years old, dreamed that she could furnish her room well at little expense. Now she takes first prize in the national home improvement exhibit, with a five-piece set done in coral, green and old ivory, which she created at an expense of only $8.55. Karl Glockner, a young Swiss, who came to this country seven years ago and got a job as chauffeur, dreamed that he could paint. He tried it in his spare time. Now he is showing a very creditable collection at the art center in New York. How many automobile fatalities were there in the United States in 1920? 11,074. *

objective. At the other end it has a small lens or usually a combination of lenses known as the eyepiece. The reflector does not use any big lens or object glass at all. In its place, a large concave mirror is used. The mirror is placed at the bottom of the tube. The eyepiece is usually placed at

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygeia, the Health Magazine. AT a recent conference in Massachusetts, Dr. William Healy, director of the Judge Baker Foundation in Boston, considered mental factors associated with crime. Doctor Healy recognizes that our methods of punishment do not get at the cause of crime, and that

most houses of correction for young offenders are notorious as hotbeds of degeneracy. To get at the cause of crime one must study the influence that molds the human being during childhood and youth. Crime is the act, of an individual And his environment is important

THE people of England rejoice and ti e world rejoices with them over the apparent improvement in King George’s condition. He is the ideal king, in that he is perfectly harmless. an Dr. Heyl of the bureau of standards, informs us that the world weighs six sextillion, five hundred and ninety-two quintillion tons, which explains why the politician who has the weight of it on his shoulders, goes about with a worried look. tt n tt These senators who would hold the special session of congress for fB-m relief next fall, instead of next spring, would gold brick the farmers of the country. This promised special session was to do its work in time to help the crop of 1929 and to do this, congress must begin as soon as possible. tt tt a With the same old story of Chinese famine, with children perishing on every side, China would appear to need birth control missionaries more than any other kind. it tt tt Bandits are not very ethical, as a rule, but this gang up in Minnesota did return a $20,000 pay roll and this is more tha nail the political grafters in history ever did. n tt tt There’s one striking resemblance between Homer, immortal poet of Greece, and Thomas Fortune Ryan, New York multi-millionaire, just dead. Many towns claimed dead Homer for their citizen, to bask in the radiance of his glory and many states claim dead Ryan for their citizen, to collect taxes from his vast estate. tt tt It’s a grim jest to claim we are civilized so long as our judges punish auto thieves u-'ore severely than drunken drivers, every single one of whom is'a mad dog on wheels! an u The existence of this turaremla infection among .rabbits imparts an unusual hazard to service in the various legislatures about to convene all over the United States.

Wherefore I have delivered her into the hands of her lovers, into the hands of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted.—Ezekiel 23:9. tt it tt A GENUINE passion is like a mountain stream; it admits of no impediment; it cannot go backward; it must go forward.—Bovee.

—— ■ '"-.j -.... 11 ■- -- TANARUS“ Sggiir i . i /'J&'-'l

Environment Bears on Criminals Life

QUESTION—What is an aneurysm? ANSWER —An aneurysm is a swelling containing blood in direct communication with a blood vessel.

Reason

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because it influences his mental life. The shoflifter steals, according to Doctor Healy, because she gives way to some idea derived from her environment or because she has seen someone else steal succssfully in the same way. Gunman's Mental Life The young city gunman or bandit has his thoughts of criminality added to further suggestions of companions, from what he reads in the newspapers and from what he may see in the movies, until crime becomes the major consideration in his mental life. When two repeated offenders were asked how they happened to offend so often, the answers were; “It’s no use going back home to that street; it gets in my mind. Even the houses there call out for me to steal.” Another answer was: “They ought to have known when they let me out on parole that I couldn’t go back and listen to that comer gang without getting into trouble again.”

Frederick LANDIS

PRESIDENT AND MRS. COOLIDGE sat down to a thirtypound Thanksgiving turkey and we defy the President to reconcile this with Ms well-known economy program ! tt tt tt It's not so serious for Congressman Britteh to go over the head of President Coolidge and confer with British statesmen about naval building, but he might go farther and declare war some of these days without letting the government at Washington know about it in time to get ready.

BY FABYAN MATHEY Spades are trumps and South has the loud. North and South must win two of the four tricks, against a perfect defense.

S—2 H—A-J-7 o—None C—None NORTH S-A . S-J H—Q-6 w H—9 o—i S 5 D-A-7 C—None G—None SOUTH S —None H—s-3 D—None C—K-2 fi%

LAY out the cards on a table, as shown in the diagram, and study the situation. See if you can find a method of play that will net North and South two tricks. The soluton is printed herewith.

The Solution

THIS problem is fairly easy. But it is possible to go astray to such an extent that East and West will win all the tricks. South leads a heart and North finesses West’s queen with the jack. North then leads his ace of hearts, which East trumps. But East must now lead a diamond, which North trumps with the deuce, thus taking two tricks. If a club is the frst lead, East

It is a strange aspect in our law of life that‘there is no legal provision for dealing with dangerous individuals who can be recognized as such before they commit serious offenses. In a certain instance a father went twice to the best authorities he could find because he had recognized danger signals in the behavior of his son. He was told that the law could do nothing until the boy had committed an offense. He was not sufficiently deteriorated mentally to demand incarceration, but the signals were apparent. It becomes more obvious that society must apply to delinquents and criminals the same research that has resulted in progress in the scientific world and in business. With the increasing speed of modern life, mental defect becomes increasingly important as a factor of disturbance. The beginning for pre - vention and control cannot be made too soon.

MT**

HE’S AN IDEAL KING mam A REAL GOLD BRICK m m m WHAT CHINA NEEDS

THESE statesmen who seek to establish harsh immigration restrictions against Canada are wrong. It's all right to put up the barrier against Mexico, but Canada is “home folks,” and so long as the two countries stay on the map, they will p’ay the game out together. And besides, it's good business, Canada buying more than eight hundred million dollars’ worth of goods from us last year, twice as much as we bought from her. a tt a The country rejoices that Raskob found a perfect golf caddy while down in Mississippi with A1 Smith’s party, for without this his -ecent political experience would have been a total loss. tt tt tt Mussolini held his year-old son in his arms as he rode horseback over the Appian Way, but he’ll make him ride behind just as soon as he’s able to hold on.

and West will trump with the ace, East discarding his heart. West will then lead a diamond which North will trump. North will then be compelled to lead a heart, and East will take the last two tricks with his trump and the ace of diamonds. And should North fail to trump West’s lead of a diamond at the second trick, East and West will win all the tricks. East will overtake the jack with his ace and then win the last two tricks by leading, respectively. his trump and the seven of diamonds.

This Date in U. S. History

December 5 1799—Georgia adopted the state motto: ‘Wisdom, justice, moderation.” 1876—Brooklyn theater, New York, burned with a loss of 295 lives. 1892—Resolution presented in congress to keep the world’s fair at Chicago open Sundays. 1918—First awards of congressional medals of honor made to American soldiers. Who directed the motion picture, “Flesh and the Devil”? Clarence Brown. Must all immigrants pay a head tax? All immigrants entering the United States must pay a head tax of eight dollars.

DEC. 5, 1928

Theyßisked Their All and Won

BY CARL C. MAGEE George Washington was the richest country gentleman in the colonies. He was surrounded on a lordly estate with a great retinue o slaves. The socially-elect were flattered to receive invitations to functions at Mt. Vernon. Washington's property was made safe by the favor of a foreign king, who asked little in return except recognition of his mastery. Washington had every reason to be satisfied with the governmental status quo. He had every material thing to keep by sustaining Kin* George. He apparently had everything to lose, except his soul, by becoming a rebel against England. He was scorning the law which protected his possessions. He was quarreling with his socially-elect Tory friends. He was giving up the easy comforts of Mt. Vernon to live in a snow-covered tent aand on scant food. He was inviting a wrathful king to hang him as a traitor if ho failed in his revolutionary venture. Instead of throwing his terrorstricken arms around his worldly possessions and abjectly submitting to tyranny for expediency’s sake, Washington chose to save his soul. He risked all. Thereby he gained all. Seeking the easy way, he would today be merely a rich country gentleman of that period. Willing to take the hard way in service to his fellow men, he became the Father of His Country. Abraham Lincoln faced bitter personal animosity in his own cabinet. Seward looked upon him as an ignorant backwoodsman. Chase used his power in the treasury to seek the presidential nomination for himself. Stanton was sure he was secretary of war to a fool. Lincoln was fully aware of those attitudes. Yet Lincoln did nothing to remove these disloyal subordinates. He felt that America needed their talents in her crisis. It was the duty to country, as he saw it, to bear and forbear. He ignored slights and disloyalties, but firmly held the reins of government. Slowly the greatness and firmness of the man dawned upon these smaller men’s minds. In the early hours of that fateful morning in a little room across from Ford’s theater in Washington, these three strong men wept as the great spirit of Lincoln poised itself for flight. When Lincoln was dead the rugged Stanton, who a brief two years before had referred to the President as “a damn fool,” now with tears streaming down his face said in a broken voice, “and now he belongs to the ages.” Today Lincoln ranks with our greatest. Service exalted. tt tt tt ROBERT E. LEE, a general in the federal army, walked the floor all night. Did he owe his first loyalty to a union which had honored him and was waiting to heap added honors upon him. or was his first duty to an independent and sovereign state, which had seceded from the union against his will? That history has decreed that he made a mistake in his decision makes little difference. Alone with his God he fought it out with his conscience, guided by the best lights that he had. He honestly believed Virginia's will to be final. He chose the hard course through a sense of duty. He joined the weaker group. Untold hardships and humiliations followed in the wake of that decision. Yet he never faltered. In defeat he was a gallant and serene spirit, sure of having done his duty as he saw it. Today, half a nation regards him as an idol. As bitterness has died, the other half has begun to see the greatness of the man. Finally, all will see him clearly as the selfsacrificing and intelligent leader of a lost cause. Lee's place in history is secure. He went without complaint to the hard places where duty called him and bore the consequent personal afflictions without a murmurWe thus recount briefly from the history of three of our greatest men for the benefit of those upon whom responsibilities of government havs been thrust today. Note that the self-seekers of other days are forgotten. Those willing to be “last” in service are “flrst”*in the hearts of their countrymen.

Questions and Answers

You can Ret an answer to any answerable question of fact or Information by wrltlnß to Frederick M. Kerby Question Editor Tho Indianapolis Times’ Washington Bureau. 1322 New York Avc., Wahlngton. D. C.. Incloslnß 2 cents In stamps for reply. Medical and legal advice cannot bo given, nor can extended research be made. All other questions will rectlve a personal reply, nslgned requests cannot be answered. All letters are confidential You are cordially Invited to make use of this service. How many kinds of fish are in tha ocean? Is there any spot in tha ocean where fish are not found? There are about 10,000 species of fish in the oceans. There is one spot in the Pacific, approximately half way between the continents of South America and Australia, that is an ocean desert, where no form of life exists. Have coffee grounds any value as a fertilizer? No. Will diamonds burn? If heated to a high temperature in the resence of oxygen, diamonds bum to carbon dioxide. What industry in the United States has the largest capital investment? Iron and steel. What is the meaning of the name Otto? It is Teutonic and means “Mountain.”