Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 159, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 November 1928 — Page 6

PAGE 6

MD

Speedy Justice Filing a brief before the supreme court in the case of John Duvall, once mayor of this city and now under ; sentence for his methods of obtaining office, suggests i that the constitutional guaranty of speedy justice re- ' quires some definition. ’ At times when the prison authorities are asking for 1 huge sums with which to build larger quarters for prisoners, with the whole frabric of society asking what can be done to curb crime, with social philos- . ophers disturbed at the apparent growing disrespect for law, the long delays between trials and final ' adjudication of appeals may have some bearings. Every person accused of crime is assured, under i the Constitution, of a speedy trial. it might seem, should have some similar , safeguard if it is to protect itself. And speedy trials ought to mean a final decision in the case, to the end that the guilty may be punished and that society be vindicated. More than a year has elapsed since Duvall, convicted by a jury, left the office of mayor. Whatever benefit there may come from warning to others is vitiated, to some extent, when sentences that are imposed by courts are delayed until the man on the street forgets the name, the office and the offense of those branded as violators of law. ■ if the courts are so clogged that decisions can not be rendered until years after the appeals are made, the next legislature should try to find some remedy. ' If the rules of the courts are such as to permit attorneys who may desire delay more than a verdict, they should be changed. Justice, swift, sure, certain and even handed, is an ideal that is apparently at the present time far from attainment. Farmers Come First Members of congress from states which profit most from the protective tariff are clamoring for a prompt revision of the tariff, by which of course they mean revision upward. This was to be expected following a campaign in which the tariff was stressed as a •'major factor in prosperity. Representative John Q. Tilson of Connecticut goes '-so far as to express the opinion that the principal business of the projected special session of congress 'should be the tariff, rather than the adoption of a blanket program of farm relief. Tilson is Republican leader of the house, and his opinions are therefore important. He is one of a small ,coterie which practically dictates the course of the lower chamber. Tilson apparently believes farm legislation can be enacted piece-meal; that various laws on different phases of the farm problem on w’hich there is agreement can be adopted from time to time. / There is no way of knowing if Tilson speaks for ’any considerable number of his colleagues. It is to be hoped that he does not. For any effort to sidetrack farm relief in favor of a general overhauling of the tariff would be a betrayal of the farm belt by the Re- - publican party. , Farmers voted for Hoover and returned the party overwhelmingly to power in congress because 'they believe the platform pledges and the promises of Herbert Hoover, Senator Curtis, Senator Borah and /other leaders that farm relief legislation would be adopted without further delay. Congress has discussed the farm problem for seven /years and has done little except to ease credit. It is • hardly conceivable that new information of im,por lance can be adduced. Farm leaders know how ,'iar tne controlling elements of the party are willing ' to go in extending government aid. The equalization fee has been abandoned, and . leaders seem nearer agreement on the form tjrte legislation should take than at any other time in /years. Further delay cannot be justified. True, the farmers have been promised greater tariff protection on agricultural products, and while this is of doubtful value, it is an integral part of farm ' relief. Doubtless also certain industries are in real need of higher schedules. The plight of the farmer, however, should not be ‘seized upon as an excuse for a general tariff raid, with the farmers left out in the cold, as they have been so often.

Dollars vs. Labor News from San Francisco is that anew corporation has been born and has registered itself on the “Curb Exchange,” a corporation with power over two billion dollars of assets. The Trans-America corporation is a bank, a trust company, a real estate and insurance company, a trustee and many other things. It has 290 branch banks in California alone, and 448 on the Continent. There are more elsewhere. Which interests us in connection with the Sliip-stead-Norris anti-injunction bill. This is a bill to make it a little more possible for laboring people to unite. At present any concerted action by groups * laborers is hounded by the law, and is struck at by the usurped power of injunction. Without the aid of law it would not be possible for a great corporation like the Trans-America to exist for a day. And the TranS-America is only one of thousands like it. These are artificial creatures, with powers, but no souls, created by consent of the people. They operate under people-granted charters, enabling them to sue and be sued, and to do business under certain names and forms. No individual without charter privilege would be able to hold together such organization or such assets. The state, in granting these corporate charters, encourages the collective use of dollars! But the courts which enforce the corporation’s collective dollar bargaining and striking, issue injunction? against the collective action of laboring units. It is to ease this situation that the ShipsteadNorris bill is aimed. What Will We Do About It? Now’ that everyone is fairly well agreed that the Vestris was none too seaworthy to begin with, and that Captain Carey waited too long to call for help, what of it? The captain, the ship, the victims are gone; the public has responded emotionally and is beginning to forget. What are we going to do about it? Tile two hearings in New York will drag along. Later the London investigation wjjl get under way. Maybe Congress will start an inquiry.. Finally there wJU be long technical reports. Perhaps one or two officers or inspectors will be made the goats. Apd that will be the end of it—

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKIPFS-HOWAKD NLVI SX’AI’EJR) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents—lo cents a week: elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—RILEY 555 L FRIDAY, NOV. 23. 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

until another preventable Vestris disaster, and more hearings, and fresh public indignation petering out again. Such will be the negligible result unless the public demands and continues to demand, sweeping reform in national laws and international regulations. Law must curb the greed of companies which jeopardize lives for profits from unsafe ships, inefficient equipment, and inadequate crews. For the appalling significance of the Vestris tragedy is its indictment not of one captain, of one ship, of one company, but of the criminal negligence of governments and of nations in ignoring the general system creating unnecessary hazard in sea travel. Governments and public have been satisfied with blaming sea disasters on God. That 'act of God” alibi always has covered a multitude of human sins. Storm did not sink the Vestris. The captain’s own report of the weather and the fact that other smaller ships in the vicinity rode out the moderate gale proves that. But what if there had been a severe storm? No ship should be sent to sea by its owmers unless it is safe in severe storms. Safe ships can be built—thanks to modern invention. The problem is to force companies by stricter laws and inspection to maintain safe ships, even at the sacrifice of some profits. This means old ships must be reconditioned periodically to keep pace with science, or be scrapped. When the ‘‘act of God” alibi is exhausted, the second subterfuge usually is ‘‘the human element.” The Vestris testimony demonstrates the negligence of the captain in not sending out an S O S many hours sooner. That was not the fault of human misjudgment or human inexperience. Carey’s ability and judgment are proved by forty years’ successful experience. But the whole system is so set that a captain must think first .of his owners’ profits and salvage fees or lose his job. That is the charge of other captains and seamen. No other explanation has been given of why this able master and humane man hesitated so long to report the danger. The law in the future must protect passengers by protecting ship officers from ship owners. There is another aspect to that old ‘-human element” gag which also turns on owners’ greed. The Vestris testimony shows there were not enough able seamen aboard to handle iife-saving equipment and preserve order and discipline. Her deck crew, according to testimony, included more unseasoned “hands” than real seamen. The company was getting by with a cheap crew. If the companies do their part in supplying modern ships, the latest life-saving equipment and adequate well-paid crews, it will not be necessary for ue to blame an “act of God” or “the human element.” But laws and regulations to provide the safest ships, best equipment and finest crews will not solve the problem until the owners’ fear of salvage fees ceases to influence captains. Perhaps that can be achieved only by making ship owners, who now have practically no such liability, subject to heavy damages for loss of life. When it costs companies more money to lose lives than to pay rescue fees, there will be less temptation either to send out unsafe ships or to delay the SOS. There can be national and international control providing safety at sea. But there will not be, unless the public sees to it. 1 Perhaps what is lacking in solving the traffic these days is a little horse sense. Speaking of modern collegiate degrees, a bachelor just has to have arts these days.

__________ David Dietz on Science Phonograph Used Tinfoil So. 215

PHONOGRAPHS have become so much a part of modern life that young people, at any rate, are very likely to take them for granted. They forget that there w’as a day when phonographs did not exist. The recent awarding of the United States Congressional Medal of Honor to Thomas A. Edison recalls the start — """i of the phonograph. a&cj was in 1877 that Edison in- _ (( f "VAAVVYN'yN vented the phoI)lI) )I ) nograph. He alV/- -/ i //' [ ' ready had begun i.. i f v ~ r Th investigations into the field of FFPPODUCTIQN sound, having OF EDISON'S patented earlier f-*-*-. ORIGINAL ln the same year DRAWIN6. OF the carbon tele- " the first phone transmitPHONOGRAPH. ter. the transmitter which - made the telephone a commercial possibility. The first phonograph was a crude machine, though its essential details were fundamentally those still in use today. Instead of a wax record, however .a grooved brass cylinder covered with tinfoil was used. The needle, which was attached to a vibrating diaphram of parchment, pressed against the tinfoil. The brass cylinder was turned by hand with a crank. When a person spoke into the horn, it caused the parchment diaphram to vibrate. These vibrations in turn caused the needle to vibrate and uneven depressions were cut into the tinfoil. When the record was run a second time, the depressions in the tinfoil set the needle in vibration again. This in turn set the diaphram in vibration and the original sounds were reproduced. It must be remembered, of course, that sound consists of -mechanical waves or vibrations in the atmosphere. Edison’s first phonograph created a great sensation. * When it was first exhibited before the French Academy of Science, one prominent member accused the demonstrators of having hidden a ventriloquist in the room. He refused to believe the phonograph was real until he was allowed to take one to his own laboratory and to perform experiments with it. We have said that Edison's achievements up to the invention ot the phonograph would have constituted a career in which many could take exceptional pride. The phonograph would have constituted a great climax to such a career. But before the end of the year—lß77—Kdison was already hard at work on the incandescent electric light. As we shall see, Edison not only developed the electric light bulb but made vast improvements in methods of generating and distributing electric current.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

M. E. TRACY SAYS: “No Sooner Is Hoover Sure of His Job Than He Begins to Work at It. His Salary Will Start March 4, but He Is No Clock-Watcher.”

THE moral of the Vestris’ wreck is more American ships, with American captains and American crews for the benefit of American trade and travel. Such a conclusion carries with it no reflection on the ships and sailors of other nations. We showed what we thought of their methods when we adopted the seamens’ act. That act was not for the sole purpose of raising wages, though some have argued that it was. Its real object was to create a better merchant marine in the inerest of safety and reliability. Its immediate effect, however, was to subject American ship owners and operators to a competition which put them at a disadvantage. When we compelled them to pay higher wages and provide better accommodations than their foreign rivals, we made things harder for them by the exercise of arbitrary authority. Our action should have been accompanied by such assistance as would have equalized the difference thus created. Baa In All Fairness Asa matter of abstract justice, it is not right for the government to compel those engaged in a particular business to do things which make it harder for them to meet foreign competition, unless it makes up the difference. Asa matter of common sense the government can not attain the end it seeks, unless it does so. Thus far we* have accomplished little through our shipping regulations except to destroy the prospects of such a merchant marine as this country deserves. It is not only right, but sensible, for the American people to insist that American ships shall be superior to any in the world, and that they should be manned by a superior personnel. That is the only way they can hope to prevent sea disasters. But so long as other countries fail, or refuse to meet similar requirements, and so long as the competition of those countries is of such a character that our ship owners and operators can not meet it successfully, the American people must share the cost if they expect to keep ships afloat. a a a Hoover’s on His Way! Ordinarily, we wait four months to find out what a President-elect intends. That is not Herbert Hoover’s way. No sooner is he sure of the job than he begins to work at * Two weeks after the election find him sailing toward South America on a mission which promises to clear up one of the sorest spots in our foreign relations. Not only that, but they find him offering a plan to safeguard the country against unemployment which promises to b-’ of equally great benefit. Now that they have been launched, both the South American trip and the idea of creating a great reserve fund for public work in dud times, seem both sane, and simple Still, r.o one undertook to give them practical expression. Lots of people have voiced the opinion that someone ought to visit South America and straighten things out. So, too, lots of people have said that it wou.d be a good idea to build streets and postofflees when work was slack. It took Hoover to give botn schemes vitality. No better example could be offered of his fitness to be President of the United States at this time. St tt tt Just Common Sense What we need in our political life is not theories, but someone who can translate practical ideas into action. If anything, we have had an overdose of theories and suggestions. What we have pot had is a sensible application of ordinary, every-day knowledge to governmental problems. t Hoover tackles the Latin-Amer-ican problem in the same way that he would tackle area) estate deal with some of his neighbors—and why not? What difficulty does it present, except the establishment of confidence, where suspicion and distrust have created a bad situation? He tackles the task of providing work in dull times the same way that canners provide fruit and vegetables out of season—and again, why not? If the citizen should save up something for that proverbial rainy day. why shouldn’t the government save up a little work? a a a Business in Cold Storage The real strength of civilization consists in the way it steadies things. System, order and .regularity spell the real difference between us and the caveman. What we have gained is the assurance that we can plan to do a certain thing a week, a month, or even a year in advance. The steady flow of transportation, the steady supply of those products we need, and, above all else, the steady job makes this possible these things have come about through cooperative efforts. The factory whistle would not blow each succeeding morning, if people has not learned to act in concert with one another. The elimination of seasonal effects on food and work, of poverty through death and disease and of periodic depression has been, and still is the most worthwhile object of human effort. Creating R public reserve for construction work who- business slumps amounts to little, but applying the tin can or cold storage method to our economic problem.

South America Is All A-Buzz

0* MAMA- ? , tt b^oSobok HAVE YOU S£EN ' 7 / IS POSTPONED - V „ ANYTHING OFJfi rAi/q-ft./ WE HEED THE U l s' LIPSTICK AH POWDER UOV ■ * m. \ STAKFO^-RAk SET BACK \ \ JmA SStm ifevKt 1 Jf =r — AQAIM t YOIDILAR B£BISENOUSK OPTHIFp- —' ~-47 h FOP A SUITCASE F I®T-WE . . .1 ...

Preventorium Aids Tuberculosis War

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hygies, the Health Magazine. IT is well established that tuberculosis infection starts during early infancy and that from 60 to 80 per cent of all children by the time they have reached 13 years of age have the organism of tuberculosis in their bodies. Only a few actually succumb to the ravages of the disease. Therefore. obviously, the human body has in it factors which aid in over-

Question What is cretinism? Answer—Cretinism is usually the result of inactivity of the thyroid gland, particularly in several generations of mothers living in a region where such inefficiency of the thyroid gland is common. The child * who is a cretin la.ls to develop either physically or mentally in a satisfactory manner.

coming tuberculosis 11: the large majority of cases. * The experience of many physicians indicates that a severe at-

Reason

SECRETARY KELLOGG had a financial expert investigate Nicacargue’s condition, and the expert now advises that we loan Nicarague $12,000,000, take charge of her budget, let American financiers gain control of her national bank, then keep the marines down there to sir on the lid. In other words we are to take over the government of Nicaragua, j a a a All of which is none of our business. We have a right to be interested in Nicaragua's financial condition only if she fails to pay a foreign debt, and the foreign creditor tells us that we must make Nicaragua pay, because, under the Monroe doctrine, we won’t let the foreign creditor enter Nicaragua and collect the debt himself. This is the beginning and the end of our right to intervene in Nicarague, and Secretary Kellogg 1 should dismiss his financial expert j \nd wish him a Merry Christmas.; a tt tt Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, confined to his Washington home by a slight cold, is the Grand Old Man of America, and the proprietor of the supreme court’s most progressive mind. He is past 87 and could have retired long ago. but he doesn't believe that one as young as he feels should loaf. His present ambition is to hold office! until alter March 4 to keep Mr. Coloidge from' selecting some reactionary as his successor. tt tt a The collapse of this platform in Athens during a great celebration of the Greeks reminds us of the time when Roosevelt campaigned Ohio against Taft, seeking the delegates to the convention of 1912. The platform from which he was seeking crashed, taking down forty or fifty people, but Teddy was up and at his speech again while most of the others were untangling themselves. tt tt tt The frequency with which out j bank' presidents are being locked in j their vaults by bandits should lead them to see to it that the vaults are furnished with all the comforts of home. n n a This American widow, w'orth eight million dollars, w’ho looked over Eitel Freidrich. second son of the former kaiser, then decided to take him on would have done much better, had she put her money into General Motors. 0 9 o Henry Ford has just bought for his museum a sled that’s 100 years old, but if he wants some real antiques he should get some of the promises the government has been handing the farmers. -r' . V •

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

tack of measles, scarlet fever, or some other acute infectious disease in childhood may decrease the resistance greatly and that a sudden intensification of the tuberculous disease after such infections is not unusual. Authorities are also agreed that much may be accomplished in controlling tuberculosis by detecting the manifestations in the child at the earliest possible moment and by giving suitable treatment at that time. For this reason the growth throughout the world of preventoriums for children in what is called the pretuberculosis stage has been tremendous, and the publication of studies of cases from such preventoriums may be cited as evidence that they accomplish good work. The child who is about to have tuberculosis often manifests symptoms of the impending danger, but these are usually so transient and so uncharacteristic of any special disease that they are usually over, looked. Frequent attacks of colds, influenza, disturbances of digestion, regularly recurring fevers, and perhaps general lassitude are among the most common of these symptoms.

A

By Frederick LANDIS

THOSE four communists who raised the rumpus at Palo Alto when Mr. Hoover went away were superb judges of publicity and their crimson brethren doubtless are envious. But how strange that these reds denounce “imperialism” all the time. It would be much more effective if they should denounce rheumatism. for so many more people have It.

There are no trumps and South has the lead. North and South must win three of the four tricks against a perfect defense, e a H—Non* o—B C—s NORTH S-—6 S—4 H—K 5> £ H—None D—None §! a D—J-3 C—B C—- None SOUTH S—None H —K o—s C—lo

IAY out the cards on a table as j showm in the diagram, and study the situation. See if you can find a method of play that will give North and South three tricks. The solution is printed herewith:

The Solution

THIS problem is very easy—when you get it. The author has seen more than one good player announce the solution in less than a minute—but the ”ong solution. South leads the jack of clubs, which East wins with the queen. If East now returns his seven of clubs. South plays the eight and North the nine. North then w’ins his spade trick and leads a club, which South wins With the king. If East returns the ten of clubs at the second trick, South plays the king and then leads the eight, which North wins with j■ ■ V, .. V .V •

Not infrequently there are associated with these conditions underweight, coughs persisting for six weeks or longer, periodic swelling of the glands of the neck, and fatigue. Not infrequently, there are also disturbances of the bone formation. Modern scientific medicine checks the relationship of these symptoms to tuberculosis by the use of skin tests with tuberculin and the use of the X-ray. If there are areas of tuberculous Inflammation in the lung, the X-ray will indicate these areas through through shadows on the plate. In the preventorium it is possible to study the child under controlled conditions, to make regular observations, and indeed to give the child before it has tuberculosis the same type of scientific study as is given to a person with tuberculosis in a sanatorium. Asa result of studies which he made, Dr. I. D. Bronfin of the National Jewish Hospital in Denver is convinced that preventoriums for the observation of children who have been exposed to tuberculosis and for treatment for tuberculosis in children are needed as urgently as sanatoriums for the treatment of adults with tuberculosis.

NONE OF OUR BUSINESS THE GRAND OLD MAN a a a WHO CARES A WHOOP!

THE newspapers say that Jefferson E. Crane of the National Cash Register Company caught :he whooping-cough while going to Europe, then gave it to the members of the American social colony in Paris, but who cares a whoop if he did! a a a Mrs. Dwight Morrow flew over the crater of Popocatapetl with Lindy, but she probably wouldn’t do it if Lindy married into the family. At least, very few mothers-in-law would trust their sons-in-law to take them over a volcano. a a a North Carolina didn’t mind her earthquake much, coming as it did right after the Hoover landslide.

the nine. North then takes the final trick with his spade. If East leads a spade at the second trick. North wins and leads the club, South taking the two final tricks ty finessing through. Os course there is the possibility that East will play low on the opening trick. In that case, South then leads the king of clubs followed by a small club, forcing West to lead a spade. But it is imperative that South’s opening lead be the jack. Any other lead will give East and West two tricks. Try it and see!

This Date in U. S. History

Nov. 23 1513—Florida named by Ponce de Leon. 1682—New York and Connectitcut agreed on a boundary line. 1804—Birthday of Franklin Pierce, former President. 1899 —Domestic postal rates extended to Porto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.

Daily Thought

They all hold swords, being expert in war; eVery man hath his fear in the night.—Solomon’s Song; 3:8. tt a tt TO fear tlie foe, since fear oppresseth strength, gives in your weakness strength unto your foe. —Shakespeare.

NOV. 23, .1928

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LUDWELL DENNY (Copyright. Scripps-Howard Newspapers, 1928i WASHINGTON, Nov. 23.—Half a month after its election victory the Republican party uei'n is split over farm relief. The seven • year battle within the party on this issue is revived, before the echo of campaign pledges has ceased. This time the fight is over procedure. That sounds unimportant, but it throws fear into the farm leaders, for it is precisely the kind of lineup that has defeated them so often in the past. # The division now is over whether farm relief shall be provided by the regular winter session of congress, or by the proposed extra session after inauguration, when the newly elected Republican majorities in the house and senate are seated. Behind this is the related question, whether there shall be "piecemeal” farm bills spreading over several sessions, or “blanket” legislation. The joker is that congress passes most .laws by the time-honored, method of trading. For seven years the farm bloc has traded votes for other measures, but every time lost in one way or another. Sometimes other congressional blocs, after receiving farm support, have in turrt failed to vote for the farm bills. At other times—as in the two Me-Nary-Haugen bills—the trading has been completed in congress with the expectation and actual result that the President vetoed the farm bill. These past farm bloc trades have included renewal of the federal reserve board charter, McFaddeit branch banking bill, and in general legislation sponsored by the industrial and financial east. a tt tt IN the next session the probably trade to be offered the farm bloc is upward tariff revision. Asa part of the Hoover and Republican platform pledge for general farm aid* the duty on certain agricultural products is to be raised. Now that there is to be tinkering with the tariff, along comes the industrial east, demanding that its already high protective schedule bfl raised in a general tariff revision. This of course will involve lengthy research and debate and tie up congress for a long time, once it gets started. The net result, some farm leadeers fear, is that a tariff revision, though originally planned as a help to the farmers, actually may become the chief barrier against complete and speedy farm relief legislation. Three distinct and contradictory plans of procedure are proposed by Republican leaders. Senator Borah, chief Hoover campaigner; Cenator McNary, chairman of the senate agriculture committee; and Representataive Tilson, majority leader in the house. Tilson at the White House yesterday, said there should be an extra session of congress and that its chief business should not be blanket farm legislation, but general tariff revision. He added that the regular winter session will be engaged most of the time in passing annual appropriation bills and may get around to one or two forms of piecemeal farm legislation, such as the Fess-Tincher and Curtis-Crisp bills. But any complete farm relief legislation will have to come gradually—that is, in the indefinite future—according to this Republican leader in the house. a a a BORAH disagrees with rr ilson. As he told the National Grange convention, now meeting here, there must be a special session and its primary task must be farm relief. He pointed out that Hoover specifically had pledged such a special session unless action were taken to help the farmers at the winter session, and that the President-elect had not mentioned general tariff revision. Borah opposed farm legislation at the winter session, on the ground that the time would be too short for adequate consideration. “The farm question is not ail easy one to solve,” said Borah. “We ought to deal with It deliberately, and properly at a special session.’' But McNary, senate leader of the farm bloc, in addressing the same! Grange convention, takes exactly the opposite view from Borah. Urging immediate action on farm relief at the winter session, McNary said? “If this thing is delayed until spring, any legislation that congress passes will not go into effect until 1930, and that would be too late.”

Questions and Answers

You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or 'lnformation by writing to Frederick M. Kerby. Question Editor The Indianapolis Times’ Washington Bureau. 1322 New York Ave.. Wahliigton. D. 0.. inclosing 2 cents in stamps for reply. Medical and legal advice cannot be given, nor can extended research be made. All ether questions will rectlve e persona! reply, nstgned requests cannot be answered. All letters are confidential You are cordially Invited to make use of this What causes an eclipse of the moon? The shadow of the earth falling on the illuminated disc of the moon when the earth is between the sun and moon. How many public school teachers are there in the United States? There are 617.078 elementary public school teachers and 144.230 public high school teachers, according to the latest available figures. What is meant by a "dead” pearl? In the jewelry trade a “dead” pearl is one that has lost its luster. What is the oldest known calendar? I l’he oldest calendar known to man came from Egypt. Julius Caesar introduced it into the Roman empire, and Pope Gregory XIII revised it somew’hat in 15lfc since when it has been used throughout nearly all Christendom. Did Babe lluth make a home run in the last game of the 1927 world series? Yes. in the fifth inning.