Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 106, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 September 1928 — Page 4

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Smith’s Attack On Owen His attitude in handling the Ku-Klux Ivlan in New York, his repeal of the Lusk anti-red laws, his position on censorship and on birth control, all those features of A1 Smith’s record as Governor of New York have built for him a justly deserved reputation for tolerance, even toward those he thoroughly detests. It therefore is no more than natural that this newspaper, itself an admirer of Smith’s past record in that regard, should be disappointed at his own suddenly acquired intolerance. Such intolerance was manifested in no uncertain form in his Oklahoma City speech. For example, in his attack on ex-Senator Robert L. Owen, a life-long Democrat turned to Hoover shortly after Smith’s nomination, just as John J. Raskob, a Republican, turned to Smith. Owen's reason was that he could not stomach Tammany. About that Smith said: “I know 1 do not have to tell you friends of mine in this section of the country that the cry of Tammany hall is nothing more nor less than a red herring that is pulled across the trail to throw us off the scent. ... I know what’s behind it; it is nothing more nor less than my religion.” To charge that a man who opposes Smith because of Tammany is using Tammany as a screen to hide the real motive, religion—that is not tolerant. It is not fair. It no more fair than it would be for Smith’s opponent to charge that Raskob’s adherence to Smith was for religious reasons. Such a charge cails for proof. And Smith did not present the proof. By what process of reasoning does Smith deduce that Owen’s objection is in reality inspired by religion rather than Tammany reasons? Does Smith presume to say that a man con not honestly oppose him on Tammy grounds? Read the record of Tammany. Retrace the story of the forty thieves, of Tweed and of c roker. Go back over the graft and corruption that have been interwoven in Tammany affairs. And then ask yourself, is it exalting the principle of tolerance to brand a man as a religious bigot simply because he anonunces that Tammany’s record makes him suspicious of any candidate who has at any time been active in the affairs of that organization? It is true that A1 Smith has made a strong case for himself on the Tammany issue. And we believe Smith’s record is one of honesty in public office. We believe that he has risen above Tammany. But at the same time, we concede that others, knowing the history of ’Tammany, have plenty of reasons for wholesale suspicions of that organization and for voting against Smith because of those suspicions. Many will vote against Hoover because he was a member of administrations in which so much corruption prevailed. The doings of the Falls and Dohenys and the Sinclairs during the Harding and Coolidge administrations were not, in our opinion, blamable on Herbert Hoover, secretary of commerce. But we certainly would not question the sincerity of a citizen who concluded that he did not want to vote for anyone who -had been identified with the Republican administrations in which the corruption took place. There you have the analogy between Tammany on the one hand and the corruptionists in the Republican party on the other. And so we say that A1 Smith, in his handling of the intolerance issue at Oklahoma City, stepped down from the high plane of tolerance that he occupied during his gubernatorial administrations, and himself indulged in the very thing that he is attacking. Smith at Oklahoma City was swinging wild. He was not up to form.

The Great Campaign Issue "I certainly do not believe that liquor is the great issue in this campaign.” That is one of the wisest things said since the political conventions. “There is nothing the President can do about liquor. All he can do is to recommend to Congress, and he can assume the leadership ...” That also is an obvious fact, which wet and dry extremists ignore. These quotations are from the opening campaign speech at Omaha of Alfred E. Smith, wet candidate of the predominantly dry Democratic party. We agree with Smith. That is, we share his conviction that the prohibition measures should be modified in the interests of law, decency, liberty, and temperance. And we also join in his judgment that this is not the sole or even the chief issue now in electing a national administration. Therefore we have made our choice on other grounds. The great issue today is to put into the most powerful position on earth a President best capable by training and experience to meet the manifold domestic and foreign problems of these United States. That is why we are for Hoover. That, too, is probably why a majority of voters are reported for Hoover. We assume Smith also, will enlighten eastern wet sps£s with his dictum to the arid plains. Liquor is not the great issue in this- campaign.

The Indianapolis Times t (A SCRIPTS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents—lo cents a week: elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. PRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—RILEY MffL, SATURDAY. SEPT. 22. 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. "Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

A Naval Pig in a Poke France and England are reported from Geneva as having asked America if she is willing to accept their recent naval accord as a basis of discussion at a forthcoming disarmament conference. The news is almost unbelievable, but, if true, Wash ng ton should promptly reply with an emphatic “noth .ng doing.’’ For unless our officials know much more of the pact than they profess to know, we would be buying a pig in a poke. Despite a veritable, world-wide clamor for information on the subject, the details of the muchdiscussed naval deal between France and England remain a deep, if not dire, secret. True, the British government intimates in grieved tones that the whole thing has been exaggerated grossly. At most, inquirers are given to understand, London and Paris merely have exchanged ideas with a view to reconciling their well-known differences on naval and kindred subjects. But an altogether different impression seems to prevail in Paris. There it is bruited that the agreement rfeally is much more far-reaching. Usually well-informed observers go so far as to say the old Franco-British entente has been revived or revivified. France, it is said, will be allowed a free hand in light submarines and certain military matters, while Britain may go as far as she likes building light cruisers, i the two powers agreeing to cooperate, or pool their resources in this direction under certain contingencies. Even if only rumors, suddenly bursting as they do upon the quiet of a world ihopefully murmuring of peace and disarmament, these reports are doing an immense amount of harm. If they are not true it would be a very simple matter to prove it and put an instant stop to all these harmful suspicions and speculations. Unfortunately, however, It is humanly difficult, to say the least, not to believe there is some fire where there is so much smoke. For upward a year and a half the League of Nations’ preparatory commission has been stopped dead in its tracks trying to arrange for the next disarmament conferences, because the British and the French have kept on insisting that no call should go out Until their “conversations” got some place. Now, apparently, an agreement has been reached. But under the circumstances it puts considerable strain on one’s credulity to believe this agreement, reached after all these months of secret negotiations are trivial or casual. To the contrary, it is reported widely that France and Britain have agreed, among other things, to the exclusion from any limitation all cruisers carrying smaller than six-inch guns and all submarines of 600 tons and under. “If so,” as the Manchester Guardian (England) quite correctly observes, "we may say goodby to the hopes of an effective disarmament treaty, for we may be sure that the United States never will agree to exclude any cruisers whatever.” Nor should we. Srfiall cruisers are a perfect naval weapon for Britain, with her far-flung chain of naval bases. And small submarines are a perfect weapon for France to protect her shores and communications from nearby powers. But neither are of much use to the United States, which country has no naval bases to speak of outside of its own home waters. Perhaps Washington officials know more about the alleged pact than they let on. If so, they have no right to pledge the United States to any course of action on a matter of this importance before the American people have had a chance to know what it is all about.

Secret agreements, secretly arrived at, still may go in Europe, but they aren’t relished here. The Franco-British agreement may be a verv praiseworthy thing, but the way it was arrived at smacks too much of the diplomacy of a hundred years ago. If the nations of the world can agree to lessen their burden of armament, let them do so, by all means. But let’s go about it not in secret, but with everybody’s eyes wide open. David Dietz on Science First Microbe Hunter No. 162 THERE are few more interesting biographies than that of Antony Von Leeuwenhoek, the first of the microbe hunters. Paul De Kruif, who left his scientific researches to turn author, tells the story with charm and understanding in the opening chapter of his “Microbe Hunters.” Leeuwenhoek was born in 1632 in Delft, Holland,

AN rid ON Y M 1 LEttWCNWCEH_^j^gggta>.

up a drygoods store of his own and married. Later he was made the janitor of the city hall at Delft. In some way he became interested in lenses. Either from thrift or lack of money, he took to grinding his own lenses. For twenty years he visited lens-grinders and spectacle makers, learning the secrets of their trade. He made better ana better lenses until soon he owned finer ones than the best artisans of Holland could turn out. These lenses of Leeunwenhaoek constituted simple microscopes and he began to use them to examine everything in sight. It is believed that he made his finest ones by allowing a drop of molten glass to fall on the hole in a brass late. When the glass solidified it formed a tiny lens mounted in the plate. He was tireless in his use of the microscopes. De Kruif tells us, “He looked through them at the muscle fibers of a whale and the scales of his own skin. “Hp went to the butcher shop and begged or bought ox eyes and was amazed at how prettily the crystalline lens of the, eye of the ox is put together. "He peered for hours at the build of the hairs of a sheep, of a beaver, of an elk, that were transformed from their fineness into great rough logs under his glass. “He delicately dissected the head of a fly; he stuck its brain on the fine needle of his microscope—how he admired the clear details of the marvelous big brain of that fly!” Leeuwenhoek was a, scientific Columbus. His microscope was his ship in which he was sailing into lands

M. E. TRACY SAYS: “Whatever Weight the ‘Prosperity” Argument Mdy Have in Other Sections, It Is Rather Weak in Tennessee.”

|£- NOICVILLE, Tenn., Sept. 22. Harry Kaisan, one of the suspects arrested in connection with the kidnaping of a 10-year-old boy in Honolulu, whose body since has been found, admitted writing some of the ransom letters while under the influence of hyoscine-hydrobro-mide, commonly known as "truth serum.” After coming from under the drug, he denied it. A similar contradiction has been met with in hundreds of cases. The effectiveness of “truth serum” is still a matter of dispute. Its use rests on the assumption that truth is natural and that people lie only by the exercise of will power. Hyoscine-hydrobromide is supposed to deaden those nerve centers by which a person controls his or her action and to produce a condition somewhat akin to twilight sleep. Under its influence the patient talks as a matter of memory, rather than as a matter of volition. Under such circumstances it is argued that truth will result. b b b Give People Issues Politics especially as illustrated by some features of the present campaign makes one hope that “truth serum” can do all that is claimed for it and that some day its U3e will be extended beyond the criminal element. There may be no more gossip, slander or insinuation this trip than there has been on several previous occsaions but it is taking a peculiarly disagreeable form. In 1896 the late William J. Bryan took the stump in July and delivered 600 speeches before election day. Though feeling ran high on that memorable occasion people had little time and less incentive to descend to the back alley brand of character assassination. a b n Weak Prosperity In spite of all the talk regarding prohibition, farm relief and religion, it is generally admitted that “prosperity” is Hoover’s strongest argument. Governor Smith took It seriously enough to voice the belief that there was not so much of it as some people thought in his speech of acceptance. Other Democrats assail it from a different angle, claiming that it would suffer no decline if their party were successful. Whatever weight the "prosperity” argumentmay have in other sections, it is ratner weak in Tennessee. Not that times are particularly hard, but that wages have gone down. According to this report, the average wage in lumber mills dropped from $19.81 to $18.67 per week. The cotton mill wage showed an even greater decrease, dropping from $14.41 per week to $12.57 for women and from $19.68 to $17.27 for men.

n n a Need More Clothes Varying reductions are shown in a majority of lines surprising as it may seem, increases are reporfed in silk and hosiery mills, cotton seed oil plants and the printing trade. While there does not appear to be an unusual amount of unemployment in Tennessee, business is not regarded as booming. This is especially true of the textile industry. It is only fair to say, however, that textile men are inclined to blame trade conditions, rather than politics. Change of style, as expressed in short skirts, lightweight clothes anc simple dress have led to a material reduction in the quantity of fabric required. Edward J. Ashe, vice president and general manager of the Standard Knitting Mills, which produce underwear, tells me that steam heat and closed cars ha>e made a surprising difference in that line. He says there is practically no market left for the heavy underwear which was once so popular in cold sections of the country, but that the resulting curtailment of output is somewhat offset by the fact that people demand a larger number of garments throughout the year. Here you have an illustration how inventions and improvements affect general conditions. At first thought no one would think that substitution of closed cars for open would mean anyhing to the manufacture of underwear. Our industrial structure does not consist of independent units. Production is determined not only by needs, but by style and many other factors. Every trade brings forth a group of allied trades. tt a Mills Drift South The textile industry of this country has not only been affected by general conditions, but by a southward drift. Forty years ago it was centered in New England. Today, more than half the spindles are below the Mason-Dixon line. It is commonly supposed that this shift was brought about by cheap labor, that the mills moved South to take advantage of lower wages, tax laws and the toil of little children. The impression prevails that mills in this section are poorly constructed, that little attention is paid to the welfare of the workers and that the industry is dominated by a ruthless spirit. That is true in some cases, but not of the Standard Knitting Mills. I went through them Friday. They compare favorably with any I have ever seen. They are clean, roomy and well-ventilated. The 1,300 men and women who work in them look happy and healthy. There is a wellequipped emergency room and a dentist’s office. There are pianos in various departments to be used in connection with club and social activities. Tfye entire force is of native-born American stock. No children under liirttiiM-iiiii'iiiiiiiii'iiiiiiMiiiiii

His family were r e spectable burghers, bas-ket-weavers and brewers. He was sent to school to be trained for a government position, but at 16 he left school to become an apprentice in an Amsterdam drygoods store. At the age of 21 he returned to the town of his birth, opened

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hytrin, the Health Magazine. GOOD health is fundamental to efficiency because it comprises endurance and a spirit of activity. The healthful child is largely unconscious of his body and carries on the affairs of life with happiness. The moment he develops pain the body distracts attention from the mental process. The healthful child should be able to carry on the ordinary activities of life without undue fatigue. His appetite should be steady. He should sleep well during the normal hours for sleep and should recover during sleep from his fatigue. The healthful child is healthful not only physically, but also mentally. He will be able to adapt him-

HE who takes a daily paper has a reserved seat at a real show —the progress of the human race in the morning of the Twentieth Century. It’s such a wonderful performance, one hates to think of getting old and having Father Time lead him to the exit, for it would be fine to stay and behold the marvels of the next fifty years. B B B The greatest act now on the program is the attempted non-stop flight from Japan to California by Baron von Heunefeld, who flew from Europe to America. California will watch this attempt with unusual interest, for. If it is successful, it brings Japan too close for comfort, from a military sts idpoint. B B B Prohibitionists will clap f'.ieir hands to hear von Heunefeld say he will not take any alcoholic beverages on this wide swoop over the Pacific, “having found that alcohol stimulates for a few hours only, then fatigues quickly.” This is a rap at the advocates of the medicinal use of booze.

(Abbreviation*: A—ace: K—king: Q—queen; J—jacks X—any card lower than 19.) ANOTHER illustration of expert play follows: Dummy—Spades J 9 5. East —? Declarer—Clubs A K Q 8 6. West—? The average player would confidently proceed to play the Jack of clubs on the first round of spades—when —lo and behold!—he might find that East holds no spades at all, the distribution being: West, clubs 10 7 4 32; East, clubs, none. Asa result of this hasty play, East is assured of winning a trick with the 10 of spades whereas, this could have been avoided had the declarer played the King of spades on the first round. Declarer would immediately have discovered that East was blank of spades and could thereafter have finessed with certainty to capture the 10 of spades. Another illustration of careful play follows: Dummy—Club J 9 3 2. East—? Declarer—Clubs K Q 8 7 5. West—? To ascertain the distribution of the missing clubs the declarer plays the King or Queen of clubs (not the Jack of clubs) on the first round of clubs. No matter how the missing cards are distributed, he will lose but one trick in that suit by

One Campaign Fund That Can't Be Questioned

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Health of School Children — No. 7

Reason

BRIDGE ME ANOTHER (Copyright. 1928, by The Ready Keterence Publishing Company) BY W. W. WENTWORTH

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

self to the new conditions associated with going to school without undue disturbance of either his mental or physical condition. In school he will be called on to concentrate, and if he is physically and mentally well he will be Interested. The healthful child is always ready to associate with other children in games and in workmanship. He is willing to lead when called on and to follow when necessary. Such a mental attitude represents the sum of the teachings given to the child in his home as well as the things presented in school. In discussing poor health, physicians usually point out that the resistance of the person has been lowered by bad health habits. Hygienists teach that the best way

* m By Frederick IANDIS

IF when A1 Smith was a Bowery newsboy some prophet had come along and informed him that in 1928 an Indiana justice of the peace would offer him SIOO for his derby hat and that he would turn the offer down, that newsboy would have concluded that said prophet was suffering from bats In the belfry. B B B Hoover could make a big hit in the hurricane-swept States and Porto Rico by turning aside from his campaign for a week or ten days to apply his organizing genius to their relief. B B B Both candidates met the foolish chairman, the one who introduced Hoover, making a silly reference to Smith which brought hisses, and the one who introduced Smith at Omaha, talking until the crowd rebelled. There should be a constitutional amendment compelling all chairmen to say: “Ladies and gentlemen, this is Mr. So and So”—and then sit down! B B B Spain is installing our dial telephone system. This shpuld create a strong bond of sympathy between the customers of the two countries.

Vou can get an answer to anv answerable question of fact or Information by writing to Frederick M. Kerbv Question editor The Indianapolis Times' Wash'ngton Bureau 1323 New York Ave.. Washington D. C. enclosing 2 cents In stamp* for reply Medical and legal advice cannot be given, nor can extended research be made All other mestlons will receive a personal reply Unsigned reauest* cannot be answered All letters are confidential You are rordlnallv Invited to make use of this free service as often aa you please EDITOR What Is a vortex ring”? A mass of fluid rotating about a closed curve as an axis; a motion similar to that of the particles of a rubber ring, such as a pneumatic tire, when it is turned so that the inside of the ring becomes the outside and vice versa. The most familiar form of vortex ring is that of a smoke ring. Vortices are usual-

Daily Thoughts

My punishment is greater than I can bear. Genesis 4:13. \ n n u THE object of punishment is prevention it never Vn be made impul/ive to good.—

to prevent a disease is to have all of the organs of the body in such a high state of efficiency by the use of regular exercise, sleep, and a proper diet that the germs can be resisted to better advantage. With a sufficiently large dose of germs of any disease even the best resistance can be overcome. Infections depend not only on the amount of resistance of the human being, but also upon the number and virulence of germs coming into the body. It has been proved, however, that some diseases, such as tuberculosis, colds and minor infections, attack much more easily people, who are in bad health, because of bad nutrition and poor Jiygiene. Next: Ventilation.

WATCHING REAL SHOW B B B RAPS MEDICINAL BOOZE tt n KINGS, QUEENS, JACKS

AFTER a quarter of a century of La Follettism, the Republican old guard resumes control of Badger State politics under the leadership of Kohler, the candidate for Governor. After browsing on Wisconsin thistles for twenty-five years, it's enough to give the elephant palpitation of the heart to receive this particular sack of peanuts. B B B Both Hoover and Smith scored in their speeches, and both should go up and down the land speaking from the rear ends of trains, as in the old days of Roosevelt and Bryan. This contact with the millions is a national tonic and as beneficial to Uncle Sam in the fall as sassafras to the average man in the spring. B B B Mr. Smith did not declare speefically for the equalization fee. Should he do so. he would inject a large interrogation point into the campaign, the question being how far such a stand would serve as an antidote for the religious proposition in the rural sections. B B B The national administration could simplify the political situation in Indiana by sending Governor Jackson down to speak in the Nicaraguan campaign. B B B We wonder whether President Coolidge ever overlooks his wife’s birthday, as a result of being utterly absorbed in the incessant congratulation of kings, queens and jacks, scattered all over the world.

Questions and Answers

ly circular, but may be of other and complicated shapes the essential condition being that the axis around which the whirl takes place must be either a close curve, or a curve both ends of which rest upon a boundary surface of the fluid. Such rings are very persistent and have many interesting properties. They may be projected to considerable distances and exhibit mutual attraction and repulsion. Is the American born wife, married in 1921 to a Belgian who served two years in the American army, a citizen of the United States or of Belgium? An American woman who married an alien prior to Sept. 22, 1922, lost her American citizenship and took that of her husband. Service in the United States Army does not confer American citizenship upon an alien. Who was the first man in England to carry an umbrella? Umbrellas were first used solely as a protection against the sun; their first use to keep off the rain is said to have been made in 800 by the

.SEPT 22, 192$

KEEPING UR s. With THE NEWS

BY LUDWELL DENNY WASHINGTON. Sept. 22.—A)! mystery man has appeared Mexico. He is watched by Wash-* ington, for he may ne the nexJl president south of the Rio Grande:;’ The chief of the state of Mexico; ‘ can make or break the large Ameri ican investments there, and new-found friendly relations be-*> tween the two governments. * r Portes Gil is his name. He i3J called a mystery man for two rea< sons. He is almost unknown evm; in Mexico, outside his home stated and he is a civilian. Now there may oe no mystery* about the sudden emergence in apyi other country of a strong man is not a soldier, but even the most* casual reader of newspapers must! know that in Mexico’s long period} of revolution the power of the* presidency has swung from general!!; to general. |jj Though not always professional, soldiers, these leaders of the paijt; have left their farms <c lead a cit-* izens’ prmy to vindicate the lution—or for more selfish purposesr But the time came whei a M'ex-. ican leader decided this military; succession must stop, hat the; country must achieve constitutional! party government. That was Pres : -j dent Calles. Calles made this decision under? almost impossible conditions. Pres-' ident-Elect Obregon had just been*, murdered. After long national; stress, crowded with religious strife-i and attempted military counter-., revolution and menaced by frifr*' tion with the United Staes. Calles had cleared the way for Obregon,} Obregon was hailed at home and; abroad as the hope of Mexico. And. suddenlv he was assassinated. • What' to do? BB B J MEXICO quivered on the edge of; another civil war. The one; recognized strong man remaining’, was President Calles. He had the; personal prestige and power to re-; strain the jealous factions and gen- ( erals. But constitutionally he was; barred from succeeding himself as--president. t In desperation it was decided to; choose some friend of Calles to ba# designated by congress to hold flee as provisional president, unUF general elections could be held con-4 stitutionally for Calles’ return .‘to! power. Meanwhie, Calles would re-* main the unifying force behind thaj Interim government. So Aaron Saenz, former minister! of foreign affairs and present gov-; ernor of the state of Nuevo Leon,> was slated for the position of provi-i sional president. Everything seemed, settled in advance. ... * Then unexpectedly Calles mada} his great renunciation. He called upon Mexico in her hour of trial, and peril following Obregon’s as-} sassination to turn from the rule of; state by armies to that by the peo-j pie. And to inspire the new democ-, racy and make real his faith, hq; pledged that he never again w^ v l‘, accept the presidency. v That is why the little known; civilian Portes Gil may become the* next president. For with Calles out, and with Calles’ greater prestige from tiffs} renunciation thrown a military succession, there was a sharp shift in Mexican politics. Aaron Saenz, friend of Obrrgtm and Calles, and but a day before twe slated provisional president, new has left Mexico City for semi-ri tlrement from national politics. Be sacrifices the chance to be provisional president in the hope he may later be elected president for the full term of six years. =.> That leaves the field clear— Portes Gil? B B B rpHIS civilian Gil. though a new-fj A comer to national politics, has,! had unusual experience as an ex-; perience as an executive. For three) years he was governor of the of Tamulipas. In Tamullpas Is th#, great old port, Tampico, with labor troubles and friction betwe*n>:t native authorities and American),: capital. In Tamulipas is the heart} of the land problem, the agrarifptj; revolution. President Calles began to watch)! this governor of Tamulipas. whor was successful in administering a), state which was Mexico in mini*-} ture. Then he elevated Gil to tho) 1 } national cabinet as minister of in--| terior. *, That is the most important cart-;; 1 net in Mexico, because it handles}; the relation of states to states andt.i of the church to the nation. It “la the post in which Calles received under Obregon his training 1 ’ for the presidency. * jj There is Gil today. Any day hq; may be selected by congress to tak> office as provisional president on!.' Dec. 1. They call him a conservative racfl4 cal. Asa test of his efficiency an4£ honesty in administering the laYuj law he broke up the famliy estate of Saenz, his powerful political" friend, and distributed two-thirds; of it to the peons.

they were not generally employed for this purpose until many ceta turies later. Jonas Hanway, thf philanthropist, was one of the pg* neers in their regular use in Britain. He is said to have been th®; first man who regularly carried anumbrella in London. Is Anna Eva Fay, the mind readier, still living? She died May 12, 1927, at he* home at Melrose Highlands, Mass,

This Date in U. S. History

September 22 1692—Tw0 men and seven women executed at Salem, Mass., alleged witchcraft. 1776—Captain Nathan Hale said, "I regret lhat I have but one life to give for my country,” anfl, was hanged as a spy. 1834—Portland, Ore., settled by American colonists. 1889—Cheyenne chosen as capital