Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 104, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 September 1928 — Page 4

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Se X I J-H OHT AJtJ>

The Shumaker Pardon * Once again, as election nears, the liberty of Rev. E. S. Shumaker, head of the AntiSaloon League, becomes a matter of discussion and comment. This time his friends confer with Governor Ed Jackson, whose sympathetic attitudes toward those who stand in shadows of prisons can be understood, and discuss the steps necessary to secure a pardon for the dry leader, now under sentence for contempt of the Supreme Court. That the sentence is delayed until appeals to the United States Supreme Court can be perfected might interfere somewhat with the granting of clemency, but it does not, apparently, interfere with negotiations with the Governor looking to set aside the decree of the judges, who declared that Shumaker had endeavored to overthrow law and orderly processes by destroying the highest court in the State. This newspaper could never accept the viewpoint of the court that the criticisms by Shumaker, false as they were pronounced to be by six outstanding attorneys of the State, were punishable by the summary method adopted by the court. It believed that the right of free speech was more important, even if abused, and that there were other remedies than contempt proceedings.* But on the additional charge filed against Shumaker it believed that he should have been punished and with him the two United States Senators, who countenanced his effort to use political pressure and threats to influence justice. It will be remembered that just two years and one month ago, Shumaker went, according to the evidence, to the home of Senator Arthur Robinson and outlined his then imminent danger of being jailed and proceeded, to use his political power to relieve himself. It was Senator Robinson who telephoned to the summer home of Senator Watson and then placed Shumaker on the line to discuss means and methods cf forcing the court to act immediately, in the Shumaker hope 'that the super-government he had created would produce a favorable decision if it were rendered in advance of an election. It will be remembered, too, that the then chairman of the Republican committee, now at Leavenworth prison, testified that Shumaker had appealed to him to interfere with the court and that Shumaker had held out the threat of using not only his own dry league, but one important church denomination to defeat the Republican ticket as a means of reprisal. There was, too, in the testimony the statement by Senator Watson that his colleague, Robinson, had come to him in Washington and urged him to “work in his own way” to keep Shumaker out of jail. This attack on the dignity of the court and on its efficiency is such as should make any Governor hesitate to give a pardon and certainly should raise a question of the equal dignity of courts and executives if one is attempted. There is a vast difference between standing gravely for the right of free speech and sneaking away from punishment for attempting to coerce a court. The people should also remember the part played by Senator Robinson in this significant and menacing episode. The people have their chance to relieve themselves of one Senator whose view of his own office is such as to permit him to interfere with other portions of the government. Ominous News From China The rumble of anew revolution in China seems to be getting nearer. Observers in the Far East predict civil war may come this fall. I it is the same old story. Anew nationalist government comes into power. Folks stand around waiting to see what happens. A few months pass and ih-jre is no millennium. Money does not grow on trees. A vast country, impoverished for centuries, remains hard up. People still have to pay taxes. Human suffering has not been abolished. So there is dissatisfaction. In China, standing by ready to encourage, and take advantage of, this dissatisfaction are various self-seeking war lords and their followers. And behind these, be it said to the everlasting shame of the so-called civilized nations, are some of the great powers, lurking in the shadow and egging the war lords on. The aim of the piesent conspiracy, it seems, is to recognize the recently defeated northern militarist forces, build up the personal armies of such disgruntled provincial war lords as will lend aid to the cause, and then launch a well-synchronized attack against the Nanking government from several different directions at once. Marshal Wu Pei-Fu, it appears, is being worked upon to throw his weight against Nanking. Marshal Wu was one, for a few hours, master of Peking, but was robbed of the fruits of his victory by his right hand man, the so-called “Christian general,” Feng Yu-Hsiang, now one ol the cnief supporters of the nationalists. Thus there is a natural grudge to be paid off and Marshaj Wu is counted upon to maren. But what is vastly more significant than the of Wu is the amazing resurrection of the rotten old Arjfu clique, thought to have been dead and forever buried some ten years ago, along with its leader, the

The Indianapolis Times * (A SCKIFPS-UOWAKD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos. 214-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County 2 cents—lo cents a week: elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLB.Y. ROY W. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE— RILEY 5551. ~~ THURSDAY. SEPT. 20, 1928. Member of United Press, Scrlpps Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

former premier and boss of China, Marshal Tuan Chi-Jui. Tuan and the Anfu party all but turned China over to Japan about a decade ago and It required only partial exposure of his secret treaties with that country to blow his party clear out of the water and cause Tuan to flee for his life. And now comes the report that while Marshal Wu is being touted for the presidency of China, if and when the nationalists are overthrown, Marshal Tuan is said to be slated for the vice presidency, where he would be the real power behind the throne. If the coup comes off the scheme would be to reorganize the country into a union of virtually autonomous provinces, or groups of provinces under a vague sort of central government once more established at Peking. It may be just another one of the many strange coincidences which have a way of happening in this part of. the world, but all this would play decidedly into the hands of the Japanese who, once so generously subsidized Tuan and his Anfu henchmen. They intend to hold on to Manchuria, cost what it may. They would fight rather than allow China to reassert full authority over their three Eastern provinces, really China’s but over which Japan has established what amounts to a protectorate. The nationalist program calls for a strong, united China^—including Manchuria. The Japanese program calls for a weak, loosely joined groins of Chinese provinces with Manchuria looking to Tokio, rather than to Peking, for support. We shall see which wins. An Incredible Proposal So far, civil service examination to establish a duly certified list of national pickpockets has not been proposed. Yet it may be just around the corner. For in Washington, incredible as it seems, serious consideration is being given to proposed establishment of a duly certified roster of national stool pigeons. United States Commissioner- Turnage, growing weary of perjured charges sworn to by informers in the pay of public dry enforcement agencies, proposes not abolition of this contemptible system, but extension of it by giving its members the status of civil service professionals. A better class of stool pigeons, a higher type of personnel in the lowest human profession, more decent debauchery, more tasteful treachery—something like that seems to be the idea. And Prohibition Commissioner Doran and Civil Service Commissioner Wales approve of his plan. The United States Government has in its employ several thousand under-cover agents and spies, but so far it has had the grace to keep this fact more or less dark. They are scattered through the different departments and bear a variety of titles. “Persons with underworld associations, whose names can not be made of record,” said a postofffee official recently, explaining before a committee of Congress why appropriations for one phase of this work could not be nandled in the regular fashion. A spy system, public or private, increases wrongdoing. For every crime that is uncovered by espionage, betrayal, faking, or planting, scores of others are bred by a code that breaks down honesty and man’s confidence in mankind. This is what the United States Government is doing in sponsoring snooping. Its half-shamed toleration of the system has let It grow Into a great and dangerous espionage machine. Shall this work now continue frankly, with the efficient assistance and benign sanction of civil service? People who read the headline, “Easy Money in Wall Street” are likely to be misled. A botanist and a physician are candidates for president in Australia. We are offering the botanist’s friends, gratis, the “apple a day” Idea.

.David Dietz on Science -

Era of the Microscope

No. 160

THE invention of the compound microscope opened up anew era in medical progress. The eye is a marvelous and delicate instrument, but it has certain limitations. Unaided, it can net see things smaller than a certain size. The microscope extended the human eye into the realm of the infinitely small. This was of particular

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scope did for astronomy. The astronomer had been stopped by another limitation of the human eye. The distant objects of the heavens were too far away and consequently too faint to reveal their secrets to the unaided eye. But when Galileo turned his first little telescope upon the heavens, their secrets were revealed to him. One startling fact after another yielded to the telescope. The mountains of the moon, the satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, the rings of Saturn were startling discoveries which Galileo made in quick succession. So important was the telescope that one might fairly divide the history of astronomy into the era before its inveniton and the era after its invention. The microscope in much the same way introduced anew era into the study of biology although results were not quite so quickly obtained. Paul De Kruif, scientist and author, tells in a most charming manner the story of one line of advarioe which the microscope made possible in his book, ‘‘Microbe Hunters." 'l’he microscope first became an efficient scientific instrument at the hands of Anthony Von Leeuwenhoek, a Dutchman who De Kruif calls “the firsL of the microbe hunters.” The principle of the lens or magnifying glass had been known in ancient times. A quartz lens has been unearthed in the ruins of ancient Nineveh. The anicent Greeks undoubtedly understood the magnifying properties of a lens. But Leeuwenhoek was the first to appreciate the vast possibilities of the lens.

M. E. TRA C Y SAYS: “Kindness and Study Have Enabled Us to Do More in the Last Half Century Than Our Forefathers Did in the 300 Years of Harshness and Persecution ’

Knoxville, Tenn., sept. 20. America’s best known saloon keeper is dead. He was Charles Henry Ramos of New Orleans. He operated the most celebrated liquor establishment in the South for forty years, but never drank. The fact that he never drank goes far toward explaining his success. Doubt the efficiency of prohibition though we may, it is impossible to doubt the wisdom of temperance, by the same token it is impossible to doubt the wisdom of total abstainence when one is not sure of his ability to remain temperate. Use of liquor as a beverage may not be so harmful as some would have us believe, but it does less good than others would have use believe. Its one outstanding advantage is the pleasure it affords, and when pleasure is the chief benefit to be derived, we should be careful of the price we pay. n n a Legislation Facts People have experimented frequently with the idea of trying to make men good by law. Generally speaking, their motives have been commendable, but in most cases they have failed to attain the desired result. Personal purification seems beyond the range of statute. It Is easier to punish evil through legislation. than to inspire righteousness. The Idea of making individuals better through mass regulation is contrary to the laws of nature. Decency is largely a matter of selfimprovement and that comes from within, not from without. Those who doubt the efficiency of prohibition are not moved by their appetite. They believe that it has created a background for organized edme. In their Judgment, bootlegging and its underworld alliances has created a singularly. favorable situation for all forms of vice and lawlessness. They can not escape the impression that prohibition, though noble in purpose, is far too ambitious an experiment for mere mortals. bum Laws on Disease The idea of curing human maladies by law is as old as the hills. It has been tried with regard to most weaknesses and some diseases. Time was when men undertook to rid themselves of leprosy by statute, when they gave the victims of that dread affliction gray gowns and bells so that they could be avoided and shunned by every one. Though a heroic measure it did not work. All it accomplished was to fill the forest and other uninhabited regions with pestilence. Not until men learned to be charitable, clean and scientific did they make headway agaist leprosy. Kindness and study has enabled us to do more In the last half century than our forefathers did in the 2,000 years of harshess and persecution. Eight lepers have just been released from the hospital at Carville, La., as apparently cured, which sounds startling in view of what we were taught up to twenty-five or even five years ago. Courageous doctors, patient chemists, and above all else the humanitarian attitude that was willing to give them the right kind of support have won the battle. BUB Women Absolved In spite of all our sad experience, is it not strange how stubbornly we cling to the “you can’t” idea as a pillar of progress? Comes the school' board of New York, solemnly announcing that women under five feet will not be accepted as teachers because they are not likely to have the right kind of personality. That is enough to make Napoleon and Lord Nelson turn over in their graves. The former was five feet two and the latter even shorter. They were not women, to be sure, and never tackled a New York schoolroom, but when It came to a commanding personality, they seemed quite able to deliver the goods. Aristotle said that a short woman could never be beautiful. But let it go at that. With all his hardihood, he lacked the nerve to say that she could not make other folks stand around. Speaking of women, the Travelers Insurance Company states that they are responsible for less automobile accidents than men. A study of thousands of cases occurring in some thirty States shows that though womeh operate from 15 to 25 per cent of the automobiles, they are only to blame for about 5 per cent of the trouble. This will be news to most people. Nothing is so common when we men get in any kind of a jam as to look for a woman driver. The tradition of female inferiority at the steering wheel has become so common that few men can meet or come up behind a woman driver without voicing their hard luck and the probabilities of a collision. “That’s a woman, you 'fnlght know,” is the general expression when a car does something unexpected, or contrary to the rules. Just one more case in which tradition and statistics do not jibe.

importance t o medical progress because many of the things which had to be known to make that progress possible could not be discovered with the unaided eye. We can understand how the microscope accelerated advances In the field of medicine if we remember what the invention of the tele-

Daily Thoughts

The wind bloweth where it Usteth.—John 3:8. BUB THERE are two freedoms—the false, where a man is free lo do what he likes; the true, where a marJ is free to do what he ought. ~ Charles Kingsley.

THE.INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

This is the fifth of a series of twelve articles on the health of the child in school. Next: Care of the Eyes. BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal <f the American Medical Association and of Hyreia, the Health Magazine. PRACTICAJjLY every school in the United States conducted along scientific lines requires today that the child bring with him on the first day of school a certificate that he has had recent and satisfactory vaccination against smallpox. Two hundred years ago the person without the scars of smallpox on his face was a rare one in the community; today the person with such scars is a living testimonial of his own ignorance or of that of his parents.

THE Apostle Paul announced that the love of money is the coot of all evil, but Russia has learned that an abiding respect for money is the root of all material progress. Since the Soviet opened its red doors for business in 1917, it has hammered capitalism, but now it humbly begs its pardon and offers vast concessions to all foreigners who will enter and invest. BUB The New York mother of this “eugenic baby” revels in her press notices, but it is not likely that the childd would get as great joy out of them when it grows old enough to demand a bill of particulars about its father. B B B Two of our great families have been signally honored this year, the Smiths when Al was nominated and the Joneses when Bobby drew down the golf championship, but a third family, the Browns, appears to have been utterly ignored. bub If the present foray of the bandits into rural regions continues, some enterprising young gentleman with a grip and password can do a handsome business organizing camps of Vigilantes. B B a The little fellow, arrested for making a batch of home brew in his basement, will naturally find it hard to understand why Secretary Mellon, in charge of prohibition enforcement, should have been permitted to take that stock of liquor with him when he moved from Pittsburgh to Washington.

(Abbreviations: A—ace: K —king: Q—queen: J—jack: X—anv card lower than 10.) ANOTHER illustration of making a winning trick is by “throwing the lead." When you, as declarer, hold combinations of cards similar to Ace-Queen, additional tricks may be made if you con force second ham' to lead up to you, rather than have third hand lead through you. This is deftly accomplished by the expert by playing a card from a suit that is sure to put second hand on the lead, so that second hand must lead up to the declarer. This maneuver is often utilized at the end of the game. An illustration of stuffing, ruffling and finessing in actual play, hearts being trump, follows: Dummy—Spades A K Q; hearts 5 4 32; diamonds 5; clubs 987 6 3. East— Declarer —Spadfs J; hearts A Q J 8 7 6; diamonds A 6 4 3; clubs 5 4. West—Leads diamonds K. Declarer plans his campaign and takes with the Ace of diamonds. A grand slam may be made by ruffing declarer’s) small diamonds, sluffing declarers clubs on dummy’s spades and finessing the trump suit.

The First 100 Yards Are the Hardest

/Mm%m

Health of School Children — No. 5

Reason

BRIDGE ME ANOTHER -erence Publishing Company) BY W. W. WENTWORTH

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

Vaccination against smallpox is as safe a procedure as is known to medicine. ComplTcations are rare when vaccination is performed properly, and protection Is so certain that neglect of this scientific procedure represents the height of foolhardiness. The other form of preventive inoculation which must be especially considered in relationship to the child’s first attendance at school is toxin antitoxin Immunization against diphtheria. Practically all physicians are agreed that this method does increase the immunity of the child against the disease, that the method is quite safe, and that the ravages of diphtheria are so serious that the method should not be neglected.

IP& at

By Frederick LANDIS

THOSE British generals in Shanghai who exclude American Marines from the Y. M. C. A. Bldg., 80 per cent of which was built by American money, have a thicker armor of brass than any British dreadnaught has of steel. BUB In the midst of this whispering campaign, Mr. Smith may be consoled by the reflection that we have had it always. Some think campaigns in the early days of the republic were calm and dignified because the past is dead and cemeteries are usually quiet, but in the days of the fathers the tongues of gossips hung out till they walked on them and when Washington left the presidency one opponent thanked God that “the monster had passed.’’

The U. S. Constitution

This is Constitution Week, commemorating the adoption of the supreme law of the United States. The article below is the fourth of a series of flve features citing our constitutional guarantees and explaining interesting facts about our basic law. BY W. A. IVrkEARNEY No king ever will rule in the United States while we preserve our Constitution, which provides for a republican form of government. No law ever will be passed to control your freedom of religious worship while we preserve our Constitution, which guarantees the right to worship as your conscience dictates. No religious test is required as a qualification for public office. No State ever will be invaded by any foreign power without help from all the other States in repelling the invader. The Constitution also guarantees all the States protection against domestic violence. Every citizen of the United States has the right to vote at all elections. The constant use of this right is the best way to preserve our Constitution. NEXT: Some Interesting Facts About the Constitution.

Questions and Answers

You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or Information by writing to Frederick M. Kerbv Question Editor The Indianapolis Ttmea' Washington Bureau 1322 New York Ave.. Washington D. O. enclosing 2 cents in stamps for reply. Medical and legal advice cannot be given, nor can extended research be made. All other questions will receive a personal reply Unsigned requests cannot be answered All letters are confidential You are cordlnallv invited to make use oi this free service us often as vou please EDITOR Is helum an inflammable gas? No, and for that reason it is used in dirigibles. How can a Japanese become an American citizen? Japanese cannot be naturalized in the United States, but a child of Japanese parents, who is bom in the United States, is a citizen by reason of birth. When an American flag is displayed In a foreign country, what position should it have in relation to the flag of the country in which it is displayed? The American flag, when flown abroad, is always displayed at the left of the flag of the country, pre-

In New York City more than a million children have been inoculated with toxin-antitoxin without a single fatal result, and with only a few cases of illness sufficient to cause the child to lose a day or two of school following the inoculation. The city of Auburn, N. Y„ reports that there has not been a single death from diphtheria in four years since that city followed the general use of the toxin-antitoxin method. The method is quite simple, involving a single Injection of a very small amount of the preparation used in inoculation. Every parent should ask the family physician whether he thinks it desirable to have the child Inoculated against diphtheria by this method before it starts to school.

RUSSIA BOWS TO MONEY THREE GREAT FAMILIES B B B THEIR ARMOR OF BRASS

CONAN DOYLE predicts that the spirits of the departed are to wield a great influence in this world's politics. But it will first be necessary for the world to pass an absent voter's law. B B B In order to take the American people completely into their confidence, both Mr. Hoover and Mr. Smith should announce the gentlemen whom they intend to appoint to their cabinets, if elected. nun The President may write some articles on government after his term expires. But before he does this he should, by all means, go back to Plymouth, Vt., pull a cane-seated chair up to the stove in the old store and get some pointers as the experts settle national problems, hot off the bat! B B B These Florida hurricanes are coming too late to do any good. If they had only sauntered down out of the sky five years ago they might have saved a world of investors from a sad experience.

cisely on the same level, and not under the other flag. What does it mean to dream of spiders? One interpreter of dreams says “to be looked at by a spider in your dreams means treachery; to kill one, quarrels and ill luck.” What was the date of the Charleston earthquake? Aug. 31, 1886. What is a lacrimatory? It is a small narrow-necked glass bottle, types of which have been found in ancient tombs. Once it was supposed that they contained the tears of mourners, but antiquarians declare that they held unguents or perfumes. What is the immigration quota from Scotland? It is Included in the general quota for Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which is 34,007. It is not definitely ascertained how many should be admitted from Scotland.

SEPT. 20,1928

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LUDWELL DENNY WASHINGTON, Sept, 20.—T119 wise ones—or perhaps it is the unwise ones—who go in for election prophesy are trying to fig* ure how much this McNary-Haugen-ism conversion will help Smith. Counting out the paid soothsayers of both parties, you will not find many who think Al's advocacy of that particular farm relief panacetfl is going to win the West from Hoover. There are many reasons for this skepticism. All of them are simple, and most of them sound- plausible. Here are a few: First—Farmers like others of the two-footed species are fickle when it comes to remedies. Almost any agrarian ointment may look like it has a kick at first. But after several years of incessant talk about the McNary-Haugen equalization fee principle there is a suspicion that the farmers' enthusiasm for it is dulled. Smith has the disadvantage of alia belated discoverers. And what h# finds is the rejected expedient of hm political opponents. That may be wise, as it is doubtless sincere. But it can not bo called thrilling. And thrills, as it happens, are an even more important commodity in politics than its the movies. By find large political minority leaders in the past havo captured the imagination and votes of the majority electorate only with new tricks. Historically speaking it would have been better then for the Democratic presidential aspirant, if ha had to accept McNary-Haugenism. to have given it anew name and a| new dress. a a r T'HE most accurate gauge of thd s P? n cast by this remedy on the suffering farmers is the Republic 0 national convention. This was the chief issue-and at the end or the only issue— used by middle western farm politicians to block the nomination of Hoover. For propaganda purposes at least that was the thing which held together the famous Lowden-Dawes-Watson “alliance,” but the charm did not worx. The significance of this failure is that McNary-Haugenism rested on more than hatred and distrust of Hoover, rested in fact on the powerful political machines of the farm belt States. Even if Smith of New York had the drive of a farm leader, who had conceived and fought for this principle, which he has not. he has no Middle Western Democratic State organizations comparable to the Republican machines which could not pull the dirt farmer majority away from Hoover. Asa politician who owes his extraordinary success in part to the Tammany machine, A1 probably would be the last to underrate the importance in terms of actual ballots of the vastly superior Republican organization in the zone of Agrarian revolt. For the point is that Hoover has taken over practically intact those Republican organizations which failed to defeat him, and Is using these former McNary-Haugen legions to fight the infant Smith-McNary-Haugenism. a a a THIRD— This change of heart of the Republican middle western Senators and Congressmen can not properly be attributed solely to their desire to get aboard the Hoover bandwagon. For without them there would have been no Hoover bandwagon, and they knew it. They were stronger than the old Bull Moose. They could have split their party wide open. Even though this is not the sort of act which party politicians relish, they would have had little choice as a matter of self-preservation had McNaryHaugenism been the dominant political force In the farm belt which they attempted to make it in their anti-Hoover battle. Or the contrary it became -clear several weeks before the Kansas City convention, and has become increasingly evident since last June, that in the main it was these politician,‘j and not their dirt farmer constituents who were keeping alive Mc-Nary-Haugenism. Hence, there never was any real danger this spring and summer of a majority farm bolt from the Republican party. That does not mean there has been or Is no farm revolt. Practically all party and neutral observers agree that agrarian distress is basic and widespread, that the farmers will continue increasingly to demand relief until they get it. But likewise most of these ofij' servers agree that the rank and file of farmers neither understand nor specifically advocate the McNaryHaugen equalization fee, and that with time most of them have lost what little interest they ever had in it as a cure-all. The truth seems to be that most farmers are determined to get relief, the more and the quicker the better, but they don’t care how or by what method It comes. If this is an accurate picture of the situation. Smith will not be able to beat Hoover on an attempted revival of the expiring McNary-Hau-gen Issue.

This Date in • U. S. History

September 20 1862—Lee's army retired from the Shenandoah valley. 1873—New York stock exchange closed for 10 days. 1881—Chester Alan Arthur sworn in as twenty-first president of the United States. What is the meaning and English form of the Greek name Hlerony* mus? It is from two Greek words mean* ing “sacred name.” The EnglisM form of the name is Jerome. 1 Who designed the insignia of the United States Engineers? Lewis du Portail, a Frenchman who was first chief of the United States Engineer modeled it from the