Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 64, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 August 1928 — Page 6

SCRIMPS - H OW AAD

Paroled Prisoners It would be unfortunate if a system which has merit and humanity should be discarded because of the lax operation by those none too carefully selected to administer it. Yet this is what may happen to the parole system if rage against the so-called crime waves by paroled prisoners should put pressure upon the next Legislature. The activities of one paroled prisoner, and the manner in which he kept his liberty, indicate that the trouble is not with the system but with those who have charge of it. This paroled man, in a very brief period of time, committed at least fifteen robberies and holdups. He has confessed, say the police, to this number. While he was at work on these crimes, the city had all the appearance of being terrorized by an army of thugs and criminals. It turns out that there was just one bandit busy and that what appeared to be a “crime wave” was the work of a single individual. That may suggest that it is not wise to jump to conclusions about the prevalence of crime. What a half dozen men of his tendencies and daring and zeal could do rather staggers the imagination. But this man happened to be on parole, free on the theory that he had been reformed and was again ready to take his place in society as a useful member. He reported regularly, and the head of the prison board, an appointee of Governor Jackcon, signed his reports each month while he was busy at his burglaries, declaring that to liis, the trustee’s knowledge, the paroled man was at work at a useful occupation and leading an orderly life. Just what excuse any citizen could havo for turning in reports on a paroled man without very definite knowledge of the facts is hard to understand. For an official, the case is worse. The very theory of the law is that a responsible citizen shows some personal interest in the paroled prisoner and vouches for his good conduct. Under that system thousands of men who have made mistakes have again found useful places in society and have become decent citizens. That a prison official so violently outrages the theory of the parole system by personally vouching for the good conduct of one violator who was nightly stealing and robbing and threatening human life demands more than an explanation. There should be some way of making officials and citizens alike understand what the law means and what it intends. It is certain that any official who acted as one official did in this case ought not to be further intrusted with its enforcement. The system has worked too well and accomplished too much good to be jeopardized by the continuance in its administration of any one who brings it into disrepute as has been done in the case now before the public. How About the Other Side? When the nineteenth international congress agiinst alcoholism opens in Antwerp, Aug. 20, the United States will be represented by Dr. J. M. Doran, Federal commissioner of prohibition. Dr. Doran, according to his own statement, will present a paper there expressing the opinion that prohibition in America has been wholesome and beneficial to the Nation. The significance of this opinion lies in the fact that it carries official weight and will be delivered not before a political convention, but before an assemblage of students and scientists. The international congress against alcoholism is no ordinary gathering. It is composed of thinkers, laboratory workers and experts in the economic, physical, social and political sciences. Their meeting is in the nature of a clinic, at which every phase of the influence of alcohol upon the human race will be discussed. We have no objection to Dr. Doran's stating his opinion. We believe he is sincere in his views. But differing with him as w f e do concerning the effects of prohibition in the United States, we wish that some one of equal prominence were on the program of the congress who could describe the other side of the picture. Perhaps provision has been made for this; if not, the learned congress will not have a complete survey of the question of alcoholism. Prohibition, with its sumptuary legislation, its fostering of contempt for law% corruption of officials and commission of crime, can not be adequately presented "sunny-side up.” Congress and Roy 0. West Some twenty years ago Congress parsed a law that 4s of particular interest today in respect to Roy O. West of Chicago, newly appointed secretary of interior. The law provides that ‘‘no member or agent of e,ny firm or person directly or indirectly interested 4n the pecuniary profits or contracts of a corporation, joint stock company, or association or firm shall be employed or shall act as an officer or agent of the United States for the transaction of business with such corporation, joint stock company, association or firm.” Next winter legal minds in the United States Senate will grapple with interpretation of this law as it applies to West and his extensive holdings in private power companies. But meanwhile, to the lay mind, the facts surrounding West’s appointment present no very difficult problem of propriety. West is Samuel Insull’s friend and attorney, and a large investor in his power companies. Insull has

The Indianapolis Times (A SCKiri’S-lIOWAKU NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing; Cos., 214-220 \V. Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents —10 cents a week ; elsewhere, 3 cents —12 cents a week. BOV It GI! It LEY. ■ ROY VV. HOWARD, FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE- RILEY MSI. SATURDAY. AUG. 4. 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

seven important matters involving his companies pending before the Federal Power Commission. And, as secretary of interior, West automatically becomes a member of the Federal Power Commission. West may have a high conception of the duties and ethics of public office. He may not intend to use the power now in his hands to further the interests dt his client or himself and may in face never do so. But as a matter of public policy, it is unfortunate, to say the least, that a situation should exist where such use of power is possible. The judgment of Congress in legislating to prevent such a possibility was sound. With the best motives in the world it will be difficult for Mr. West to avoid giving rise to suspicion as to the administration of his office. He will, perhaps, when this becomes clear to him, be unwilling to remain before the public in such a. light. The Perils of Past-Digging Leaving out of it entirely the political application, there is room for philosophizing on the mess William Allen White stirred up when he began digging back into the legislative career of A1 Smith twenty years ago When anybody begins that sort of thing, for political or other purposes, he very well might mumble over to himself first that old line about people who live in glass houses* Now Bill White is a very likable chap and a bully good writer, to say nothing of being a successful editor. So when he cut loose with the best he had in his quiver against A1 Smith, what he said was bound to attract attention. It did. But somebody on the other side of the partisan fence got busy right away and began digging into White’s past. Among other things they found was that at one time White has referred to his fellow-Kansan, one Charles Curtis, as a nit-wit; and that when White editorially attacked Curtis back in the good old Kansas days, Curtis came right back at him and over his own signature said that at one time White w-as caned on the streets of Emporia by an old soldier, which so pleased the people of Emporia that “they bought the brave old soldier a gold-headed cane to take the place of the one he used on you.” Adding insult to injury, said Curtis, now Senator for Kansas and candidate for Vice President on the Republican ticket, wrote for publication over his signature the charge that the same White had been horsewhipped in the streets of Emporia by a woman, and that White once wrote a number of paragraphs belittling William McKinley. All of which is enough to prove that it isn’t profitable for any one, unless his life is a total blank, to start the game of past-digging. The principle of the statute of limitations should apply in politics as well as in law. Hoover and Roy West Nobody can be entirely happy in politics. It isn’t one of those games where you can pick your company, and no candidate can sit back and say he won’t let anybody vote for him who isn’t 100 per eent this, that or the other. The party gate swings wide open and everybody’s invited to come in and walk all over the lawn. So no matter which candidate a voter favors this year, he will have to touch elbows with some folks he wouldn’t pick for golf, bridge, or prayer-meeting companions. That doesn’t mean, however, that he has to throw his arms around everything that blows in and kiss it on both cheeks. If you like A1 Smith, for example, believe he is on the level, and would make the kind of President you want this trip, you don’t have to join Tammany Hall 3r change your religion to vote for him. And if you like Herbert Hoover, as we do, and think lis character is of the best, you can vote for him, without sacrificing any of your set beliefs.

David Dietz on Science Greeks Had Surgeons No. 120

THE roots of medical science extend back to the early days of man’s existence on earth. They found their first hold in prehistoric days. Earliest written records reveal a crude sort of medicine. , . „ . , When the Greeks sailed to ancient Troy to lay siege to that city, a well-defined and organized sort of medical and surgical practice already existed. WeW know this from the Iliad, that famous work of the blind poet, Homer. . . According to Homer, the Greek heroes had developed consid-

But .in addition to the knowledge which the fighters themselves possessed, the separate and distinct profession of what today we would call the physician and the surgeon existed at the time. Homer mentions two of them by name, Machaon and Podalirius, the sons of Aesculapius, or Asclepius as he is sometimes called. Aesculapius later was worshiped in Greece as the god of healing but in Homeric times he was known as the king of Thessaly. This point is of interest, for it would seem to show that, unlike Egypt and India where medicine began as a part of religion, Greece developed medicine originally on a more worldly basis. It is also interesting to note the early division into medicine and surgery in Greece. Homer speaks of Machaon as healing injuries. He was the surgeon. But Podalirius was what we would call a physician or an internist today for Homer says that he had received from his father the gift of “recognizing what was not visible and tending what could not be healed.” No connection between priestcraft and medicine is to be found in Homer. But this developed later in Greece when the sick were brought for treatment to the temples of Aesculapius.

M. E . TRACY SAYS: “Say What You Will About Trans-Atlantic Flights and Polar Expeditions With Death as the Too Frequent Reward of Heroism, They Are Contributing a Lot to Making Our Young People Think Healthily and Robustly

FOUR married women were tried in New York Friday—two charged with shoplifting and two with passing bad checks. “Keeping up with Lizzie” was the trouble in each case. Husband did not produce enough cash for wife to match hats, shoes and dresses with her neighbors, wherefore the urge to pilfer. Love of appearance may not get so many people into jail, but it does drive a lot of them into useless extravagance. What does It matter if your neighbor sports a straight eight, while you can do no better than a coughing four? Nothing, if you only have the sense to look at it that way, but everything if you have not. Any one can moon and mourn over what the other fellow has that he must do without until it becomes a veritable obsession. a a a Obsession and Crime Obsessions—many of them developed by mere brooding—are measurably responsible for the crime, trouble and intolerance from which we suffer. The young man who shot General Obregon seems to have had nothing but an obsession for his excuse. He brooded over a national problem until the thought not only that it was his own, but that he could solve it by a murder or tw'o. He will be defended on the ground of insanity, which is logical enough, except that the type of insanity from which he suffered can be, and generally is, self produced. We mold our minds through habits of thought, just as we can warp our bodies through physical habits. BBS New Idea! Thinking in itself is not enough. What counts is the thing we think about, the thing we rate as most worth while. Most of us develop fads and hobbies, which are all right as long as they center around what we can do for ourselves. When they center around what we can do to others, however, they become dangerous. The boy who makes Jesse James his hero may be just as bright and just as ambitious as the boy who takes Lindbergh for a model. The scientist who goes without his supper in order to complete an experiment may be just as much of a fanatic as the religious zealot who. goes without food to preach hate. The sense of value we acquire as children goes a long way in determining whether we are to become social assets or liabilities. In this hectic day of jazz, jelly beans and iaded joy riders, the aviator comes as a God-send to our boys and girls, giving them something to think about besides bootleg literature and Charleston marathons. S B B Healthy Heroes Say what you will about transAtlantic flights and polar expeditions, with death and disaster as the too frequent reward of heroism, they are contributing a lot to make our young people think healthily and robustly. Here at least is more appealing adventure than trying to get a doggier pair of pumps than the girl next door, or of discovering a better brand of hooch than was produced at the last party. The Lindberghs, Byrds, Chamberlains and their like have given our boys anew type of man to emulate and our girls anew type of “Prince Charming” to dream about. Where w r e have sat as spectators, interrupting our baseball games, wild parties and golf just long enough to gasp with amazement, or tear up telephone books by w T ay of tribute, the next generation will take hold of the flying stick with behr hands and make aviation an industry, as well as a sport. The door has been opened not only for good pilots, but for good executives, for promoters, inventors and even stock salesmen, though we have quite enough of the latter already. What the railroad did for Vanderbilt, Gould, Harriman and Hill; what the auto has done for Henry Ford, and what all great modern industries have done for millions of bright young men, aviation promises to duplicate. B B B Cure for Reformers Red blood is what we need not only for the sake of progress, but to meet those problems which have developed mainly through the idea that everyone could be made good by writing many laws, instead of enforcing a few and by preaching hopelessly unattainable ideals, instead of practicing common sense. Where we formerly had the intolerance of narrowness, we now have the futile sniping of shallowness, and where our forefathers made life miserable by conforming to their rigid beliefs, we make it miserable by ridiculing every form of belief. Our chief weakness is minding each other’s business, and >hat has arisen from the fact that machinery and inventiveness left us too little of our own. Labor-saving devices have served no purpose more distinctly than to compel us to find work by creating all kinds of useless trades and professions. The professional reformer made his appearance along with the middleman and high-priced entertainer. The airplane promises not only anew field of adventure, but work for those who can’t seem to keep busy, except by amusing, or reform--1 ing their fellows. j

erable skill in treating the wounds and injuries received in battle. The Greeks fought with spears and javelins, swords and the bow and arrow. It is not surprising therefore that they felt the need of developing a technique for caring for wounds.

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Measles Are Mothers Summer Worry

BY DR. MORRIS FISHBEIN Editor Journal of the American Medical Association and of Hvceia, the Health Magazine. AT this season of the year mothers worry particularly about measles. When children get out of doors and mingle with other children, they are more easily exposed to infection. The exact cause of measles has not yet been determined, although it has been definitely proved for this disease, as for infantile paralysis, that the condition is infectious. Some investigators have found bacterial organisms which they believe are responsible, and others have asserted that the cause is a virus smaller than the ordinary germ. None of these organisms or viruses has been accepted by the majority as representing the specific cause of measles. In the meantime, various methods of prevention are being sought, since the condition is widespread and since the bacteria are in some cases more serious than the disease itself. One of the means of prevention

Bridge Play Made Easy BY W. W. WENTWORTH

(Abbreviations: A—ace; K—king: Q—queen: J—jack: X—anv card lower than 10.) WHEN you become the declarer with a bid of no trump, your opponents try to establish their longest and strongest suit by forcing you to play the higher cards held by you in that suit. If you hold only one stopper in the suit that is led, you immediately must determine whether you will take the trick on the first round of postpone taking it until some later round. This problem arises continually when the declaration is no trump and the importance of knowing whether to take the trick or to “hold up” cannot be stressed too stronglyAssume that you are the declarer ■ with a bid of no trump and examine the following illustration in which west leads the 6 of hearts: Dummy holds: spades K J 7; hearts 9 5 4; diamonds J 10 9; clubs A 10 6 5. East holds: spades 10 9 5 4; hearts Q J 8: diamonds K 8 6 6; clubs K 2. Declarer holds: spades A 8 6; hearts A 32; diamonds A7 4; clubs QJ74. West holds: spades Q 32; hearts A 32; diamonds A7 4; clubs QJ7 4. You immediately must determine whether to take the trick with the heart ace on the first round. Applying the rule of eleven, you learn that there are five cards higher than heart 6 held by the dummy, east and (declarer. As dummy and declarer hold two of them, you know that east holds the remaining three. You know that west is leading from his longest and strongest suit—that he holds at least four hearts. The dummy and declarer hold six hearts, making a total of ten. That makes it certain that east holds only three cards in that suit. It is necessary to exhaust those three cards from east’s hand to prevent your opponents from winning three tricks in hearts. If you take with the Ace of Hearts on the first round, east will play the Queen of Hearts as soon as he gets the lead. After that east will play the Jack of Hearts, west overtaking with the King of Hearts. West will then win a trick with the Ten of Hearts, giving your opponents three tricks in hearts. On the other hand, if you hold up the Ace of Hearts when the Six of Hearts is played, and also allow your opponents to take the next trick at hearts, you can prevent them from winning additional tricks in that suit by taking with your Ace of Hearts on the third round, thus exhausting east’s cards in that suit. You may now finesse safely from declarer’s hand toward east, knowing that hecan not lead hearts Back to west! (Copyright. 1928. by the Ready Reference Publishing Company)

Too Much Competition

DAILY HEALTH SERVICE

involves the same technic that is recommended in the control of infantile paralysis; nameiy, injection of a serum obtained from the blood of a person who has recently recovered from the disease. When a person has an infectious disease, he builds up in his blood materials for opposing the disease. When he recovers, this material remains, and it is for this reason

Times Readers Voice Views

The name and address of the author must accompany every contribution, but on request will not be published. Letters not exceeding 200 words will receive preference. Editor Times—As I am a reader of The Times, I wish to state I do not condemn any newspaper for what it publishes, but I do agree with John Day, 3410 Temple Ave., in regard to prosperity. I think that it is a shame that so many families in this great city are not getting half enough to eat. No matter where a fellow goes to get a job, he gets the same answer, “We are full up,” or “We don’t need anybody.” According to the prohibitionist organization statistics, the Anti-

With Other Editors

(Lebanon Reporter) Central Indiana motor bandits have slackened their pace and abandoned the highways for the present at least. The organized drive of police officials backed up by an aroused public sentiment has frightened even the bold bandits. They have quit their work simply because they are mortally afraid of cold lead and death. The prospect of prison sentences don’t worry them, but when police officers began tc patrol highways with instructions to “shoot to kill” all motor bandits of the profession of banditry suddenly became highly unpopular. , We are sincerely gratified to observe that the police officers of Boone county and Lebanon are cooperating with the State police force and the Indianapolis police in the campaign against the bandits. Putting terror into the hearts of these villainous criminals is the only way to end the reign of terror which they themselves seek to maintain. Five bandits shot down in the act of robbery will do more to check the crime wave than the arrest of 500 petty thieves who are granted bail and postponement of trials. (Bluffton Banner) Senator Jim Watson, always in some kind of political pickle, finds himself in an extremely pitiful state of affairs this campaign. Jim fought Mr. Hoover so hard for the nomination; he said so many mean and cutting things both in the newspapers and by word of mouth, that Herbert never can forgive him, and if Hoover is elected, Jim won’t stand any more show than the proverbial snowbird in the hot lands. Jim Goodrich, Bill Hays, Harry New and other Watson political enemies, no doubt, have kept clippings of all the mean things Jim said in his paid advertisements about Mr. Hoover, and, never fear, they will not let Mr. Hoover forgeet who were his friends and who were his enemies in his hour of need. Watson can see himself on the outside looking in, while Mr. Hoover sits at the head of the table, if he ever sits there. South Bend News Times Breaking a well-intentioned vow to refrain from political comment until such time as voters may reasonably be expected to have become interested in the campaign, we rise to remark the plea of Representative Graham of Pennsylvania, chairman of the judiciary committee of the House of Representatives, to wet Republicans who are in danger of being lured into the Smith camp. Brother Graham informs these potential rebels that it will avail them nothing to vote for Mr. Smith. With infinite pains, like teaching little children, he goes through the

1 that a person ordinarily has measles, scarlet fever or other infectious diseases only once. The important thing for every parent to remember is that while the measles itself may not seem to be serious, the associated possible injuries to the ears and to the internal organs are sufficiently serious to demand the best possible ‘care of the child during its illness.

Saloon League, arrests for drunkenness in 626 cities in the United States have increased from 664 per 100,000 in 1920, the first year of prphibition, to 1.347 in 1924, an average of more than 100 per cent. Also when prohibition came into effect, 4.500,000 men lost their jobs and 400,000 blind tigers and private breweries started. I think it would be better to let the breweries and distilleries run again and put the unemployed to work. This is supposed to be the only dry country in the world. It has the greatest crime wave to show for it. TIMES READER AND DEMOCRAT.

intricate processes by which a lawmay be changed, and shows that neither Mr. Smith nor Mr. Hoover, whatever their intentions, could hope to modify, by one jorum or bottle, the stoppage or flow of liquid refreshments in the United States. As he says, dispassionately, the dry majority in both houses of Congress is overwhelming. Nothing short of a political revolution could change the complexion of that fine body of men. Therefore, he winds up triumphantly, the wet Republican who votes for a wet Democrat is merely falling for a snare and a delusion. That is good argument. It is good argument when applied to wet Republicans who are besought to vote for Hoover. It is also good argument when applied to Southern, dry Democrats who are thinking of going Republican this year. It is good argument for middle-of-the-road people who are neither wet nor dry, nor Democratic nor Republican. The same good argument may equally be applied to the farmers and their search for financial balm. They may be told that it is hopeless to vote for Smith because he couldn’t give them relief if he wanted to. So they may as l well vote for Hoover, who has been quite as silent on that issue as he has on the liquor question. Mr. Graham did not tell his wet friends in Pennsylvania that they had nothing to fear from a Republican administration. • He might have let the record of the party, in these eight years, speak for itself. He might have asked them, privately and in a corner, whether they had suffered anv drought. And he might have implied . Oh, well, why bother? They must have realized how well they are off, despite the bold words of the party platform, passed to the rum-hoarsened cheers of a convention suffering from a general hangover. From what book was the movie “Stranded in Paris” taken? From a German novel “Jenny’s Escapade” by Hans Bachwitz and Fritz Jokobstetter. It was adapted by John Mankiewicz and John McDermott. What is the color of robin’s eggs? The eggs of American robins are of a uniform greenish blue. The European robin’s eggs are white spotted with pale reddish brown. W’hen and by whom was Smith College for Women at Northampton, Mass., founded? It was chartered in 1871 and opened in 1875. It was founded by Miss Sophia Smith, an American philanthropist. She left the bulk of her estate to establish the college. What started the great Chicago fire? It is said to\have been started by Mrs. O Leary’s vow kicking over a lantern in a bara

-iLA. Kj -a-'-' mtyJ

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LUDWELL DENNY. 'T*7'ASHINGTON, Aug. 4.—Hos- * * tilities threatening between Poland arid Lithuahia raise the question in diplomatic circles here of the effect of the Kellogg antiwar treaty upon this and other socalled “perpetual menaces” to peace in Europe. Poland formally has signified her intention to sign the Kellog pact in Paris this month with the original signatories, and Lithuania is expected to follow with other small nations thereafter when the treaty is open to all governments. These treaty nations will renounce war as an instrument of national policy, but will reserve the right of so-called defensive war. Poland and Lithuania claim their present military preparation and massing of troops along the border is a measure of defense. There is nothing in the treaty permitting an outside body to determine which would be the aggressor, nor is any machinery or force provided for enforcement of the pledge against aggressive war. European diplomats are expressing the hope that the United States, to make the pact effective, will “stand behind it in case of trouble,” but Secretary Kellogg says this government will go no farther than the letter of the treaty, which does not commit the United States to any action against an offending government, such, for instance, as Poland and Lithuania. The Polish-Lithuanian dispute over Vilna is even more embarrassing to the large Europeon powers, who are both prospective signatories to the Kellogg anti-war treaty and members of the League of Nations. Not only is the league directly involved in the dispute, through having "recognized” the alleged theft of Vilna by Poland, but Lithuania now threatens to resign from the league unless Vilna is returned to her. B B B T ITHUANIA in repeating her protest to the league again at the September meeting is ready to argue that unless the “wrong is righted” it is proof that the league either is not willing or not able to protect the rights of small nations. This dispute, viewed with the utmost gravity in Berlin, Moscow and Warsaw today, dates back to the winter of 1922-23. The Polish general, Zeligowski, violated the armistice between Poland and Lithuania arranged by the league. Zeligowski seized Vilna, the Lithania capital. Though the Polish government at the time announced that Zeligowski acted without its authority, Warsaw later maneuvered, with the aid of France, to obtain a decision from the conference of ambassadors in Paris, giving Vilna to Poland. Lithuania never has accepted that action of the entente powers, and Vilna has been a constant danger point ever since. The immediate dispute started on May 26, when Lithuania proclaimed anew national constitution in which Vilna was named as the capital of that country. Poland replied with a sharp note on May 31, saying that this Vilna declaration was “devoid of legal significance or practical effect.” Great popular demonstrations against Poland have been continuing in Lithuania since Premier Voldemaras and War Minister Daukantas on June 18 made fiery speeches to the congress of Lithuanian sharpshooters about Vilna. Then Lithuania on July 9 rejected the proposed treaty with Poland. providing for arbitration and nonaggression. B B B NOW it is reported from Kovno, the temporary Lithuanian capital, that President Smetona, in addressing 50.000 irate peasants on the border, pledged to concessions over Vilna and called upon them to rally against “foreign pressure.” Thousands of irregular troops are reported massed on each side of the frontier, with the two governments said to be secretly molibizing regular troops. Unless an actual clash occurs before, a high danger point will be reached on Aug. 12, when the militant Polish dictator, Marshal Pilsudski, is to address a congress of Polish legionnaires such as captured Vilna originally. Unconfirmed dispatches state that the German government has protested to Poland against these military preparations and lias warned France and Great Britain of the seriousness of the situation. Soviet Russia, which warned Poland against aggression toward Lithuania of May 31, follows: "A unilateral act of the Lithuanian government is powerless to alter Polish rights in the Vilna territory, which were derived from a solemn vote of representatives of the local inhabitants in the Vilna assembly, were confirmed by a decision of the Polish seym, and were recognized in the resolution of the ambassadors’ conference—and later placed on record by the council of the League of Nations.”

This Date in U. S. History

’Aug. 4 1831— First survey and map of Chicago recorded. 1862—President Lincoln ordered a draft of 300,000 men for nine months. 1832 Chinese exclusion bill went into effect. 1889—Special delivery letters first distributed in New York.

Daily Thoughts

Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.—Romans 12:21. B B B AN evil at its birth is easily crushed, but it grows and strengthens by endurance.—Cicero.