Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 15, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 May 1928 — Page 4

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SCItl PPS-HOWARD

A New Dedication Once again the north pays tribute to the soldiers who fought in the great conflict between the States. That is well. A nation that forgets its defenders and its leaders is destined to decay. What is more important is that the ideals of a nation be kept alive, vibrant and vital. Time has wiped away the bitterness that led to the war between the North and South. Since then two generations have fought side by side for a united nation and under one flag. Tomorrow it may be well to remember the things for which the nation stands and for which so many died. Starting in a conflict over the difference of opinion as to whether individual States had a right to withdraw from the Union, the war brought an entirely different and wholly unexpected result. It abolished human slavery from the world. The ownership of one man by another was no longer possible wkn the Nation forgot its madness and its hates. There was established more firmly the principle that all governments come from the consent of the governed and that men are born with inalienable rights as human beings. There was firmly fixed, forever, the principle that in this land there can be no differences in political conditions because of race or color or creed. The hates of other years are well buried with the dead. The advance in civilization and in ideals which came from conflict must he maintained. v Tomorrow there should be anew dedication, not particularly to the idea of patriotism, which is a cover for many things, but to the ideals of this land which is dedicated to human freedom and to the cause of self-government. In paying tribute to the dead there should be anew baptism of faith in the fundamental principles of liberty, anew belief in liberty itself, anew determination not to lose through apathy or trickery, or fraud what was gained in so many years of travail and sorrow and sacrifice. Presidents and Kings Advocates of the McNary-Haugen bill in Congress are smarting under the lacing administered by President Coolidge when he vetoed the farm relief bill, and one of them, Representative Ashton C. Shallenberger of Nebraska, arises to make a few remarks on the subject of the veto. Coolidge, it should be noted, has exercised this power thirteen times in this session alone. A president, says Shallenberger, can destroy both platform pledges and the power of Congress to carry them out. Both parties in 1924 pledged farm relief, and twice the President has nullified their efforts. Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln, Shallenberger points out, were chary about using this veto power. Lincoln and Washington used it but twice each, and Jefferson not at all. “The veto is the voice of autocracy, not of democracy,” declaims the Nebraska statesman. “It was born of the doctrine declared by Louis the Grand, when he cried, ‘The State, I am the State!’ It is part of the doctrine of the divine right of kings. It has come to be used to defeat the will of the people as expressed by Congress.” Coolidge has the veto power, according to Shallenberger, because 2000 years ago Augustus Caesar asserted his right to use it on the Roman senate and backed the assertion with an army. Kings and kaisers thereafter retained the power, and it came down to English kings. Because of this it found its way into American fundamental law. But not for 200 years has any English king attempted to use the veto on legislation of Parliament, and if George V should try, Shallenberger thinks it would end “even the name of kings in England.” “If a President still has the. power that once belonged to kings, to use it like a king is not in keeping vvith American ideals,” concludes this Jacksonian from the West.

The March of Medicine Medical science still has a number of baffling problems to solve. It needs to know a great deal more about cancer, infantile paralysis and tuberculosis, for instance, than it now knows. But it has succeeded in coping with some of the maladies that plagued' our fathers, nevertheless. The American Medical Association announces that in 1927 there were seven American cities, with population over 100,000, that had no deaths from typhoid fever. These cities were New Haven, Conn.; Springfield, Mass.; Yonkers, N. Y.; Paterson, N. J.; Richmond, Va.; Canton, Ohio, and Kansas City, Kan. That is-a significant record. Once typhoid was accepted as an unavoidable scourge. Now it is yielding rapidly. It can be practically wiped out; and it is probable that it will be in the not-distant future., What has become of the old-fashioned designation “cigaret-fiend?” Creative Work A group of Boston business men has been exhibiting a collection of paintings at a public gallery in that city. The paintings are the work of men, prominent in various phases of business and industry, who have adopted painting as a hobby. These business men are wise. A man’s happiness depends largely on the way he uses his leisure time If he fills it with unsatisfactory pursuits his life will seem rather empty; if he devotes it to something worth while he will 'get a great deal of enjoyment Dabbling with such a hobby as painting is a splendid means of diversion. There is a satisfaction to creative work that can not be expressed in words, even if the man who tries to paint happens to be a rotten artist. These Boston business men are making wise use of their leisure.

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRAPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents—lo cents a week; elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. ‘TUESDAY, MAY 29, 1928. Member o 1 United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. ‘‘Give Light and the People Will Pind Their Own Way.”

Pennsylvartia’s Police In police violence and brutality, in prosecutions for opinion, and in war on strikers and radicals, Pennsylvania heads the list. So says the. American Civil Liberties Union, in a pamphlet “The Shame of Pennsylvania.” i In setting out the statistics of happenings in Pennsylvania during the last ten months, the Union says: “Today* Pennsylvania is the only State in the Union in which a sedition or criminal syndicalism law still is actively used. It is the only State with so highly organized a State police force, conspicuous for its brutalities against strikers. “It is the only'State in the Union with thousands of private policemen doing public duty, as do the coal and iron police in the mining and steel districts. Added to them are hundreds of privately paid deputy sheriffs. It is the only State in which coal and steel companies so completely dominate so many communities.” Speaking of the statistics on prosecutions for opinion, it says: “The official records show that in 1928, during the first four months, twenty-three cases of police assaults and prosecutions for opinion were reported to the American Civil Liberties Union from Pennsylvania, as against eight for the entire country—exclusive of Colorado, where the coal strike produced an unusual crop of cases.” The Union adds: “While the most numerous attacks on the rights of citizens in Pennsylvania are to be credited to the State police and the coal and iron police, they are aided by judges, prosecutors and city authorities.” The Union mentions by name the Mellon interests, the Vare interests and Joseph M. Grundy, president of the State Manufacturing Association, as being in control of the political forces which result in this kind of Government in Pennsylvania. A Driver’s Temper A group of young men rode down the street of a middle western city in a flivver the other day. A big sedan passed their car and “cut in’' sharply. Angered, the boys chased and overtook the big car. One of their number leaped on its running board and struck the driver in the face with his fists. Asa result, the big sedan crashed into a safety z<-ne, killing one pedestrian and seriously injuring several more. And the boy who hit the driver is under arrest for manslaughter. It is easy to lose your temper when another driver “cuts in” ahead of you. But you might remember that trying to retaliate may cause serious trouble. No man who lets his temper get the better of him has any business driving an automobile. European Industry If you think that industrial Europe has entirely recovered from the effects of the World War, consider these figures presented by the foreign information department of the Bankers Trust Company of New York. British blast furnaces have shown an anprovement in pig iron production, turning out 592,600 tons during March as compared with 550 800 tons in February. Yet in 1913 the monthly average was 855,000 tons. Present production, therefore, is still twenty-five per cent below pre-war levels. To a nation that leans on its industries a3 heavily as England does, that margin is important. The World War, verily, was an expensive undertaking for everybody involved. It will be many, many years before workers and employers have ceased to pay for it. Now that) Colonel Lindbergh has a job he may be able to enjoy a little leisure. A woman, in thirteen minutes and four seconds, climbed the 1358 steps in the Woolworth Tower in New York the other day. We didn't know they held fire sales up there.

David Dietz on Science Naming of Compass No. 62 THE compass in the form which most people know it, the so-called mariner’s compass, dates back to some time prior to 1318. The exact date is not positively known. It was perhaps as early as 1302. Flavio Gioja, who came from the town of Positano, a town in the hills back of Amalfi. Italy, is credited with the invention of the mariner’s compass. He is credited with having invented the type of compass in which the needle is balanced on a fixe(J pivot. Earlier types of compasses either employed a floating needle or a needle thrust through a pivot which turned between two bearings. Gioja is alsp believed to have been the first to attach the compass card directly to the needle so that it turned with it. He is also thought to have designed

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alfi first gave to seamen the use of the magnet.” The origin of the English word “compass” is interesting. Prof. J. A. Fleming says it is an old English word signfiying “circle.” He points out that in the will of Edward, Duke of York, who died in 1415, occurs the expression “my green bed embroidered with a compass.” Dr. Fleming points out that the instrument used Cor describing a circle is also called a compass. Many public houses in England have the sign of the Goat and Compasses” swinging above their doors. Authorities say that this name is a corruption of he old pious motto, /‘God encompasses us.” It will be seen, therefore, that the magnetic comass got its name because of the card with the circle nd points on it which Gioja attached to the needle. A celebration was field by the Italians at Amalfi uring the summer of 1901 to commemorate the inention of the mariner’s compass by Gioja. Few discoveries have meant more to the world than did the compass. Without it, the great voyages of exploration which opened, up the new.world in the fifteenth century would not have been possible.

Customs Have Changed; Have Morals, Also? BY CARL C. MAGEE, In the Oklahoma News.

SUNDAY I listened to a discussion of whether the present generation of young people is worse morally than the last. No conclusion was reached. The facts upon which to base a decision, that is, anything more than a guess, are not available. It would require a detailed knowledge of the overt moral acts of both generations and the mental status which accompanied those acts. Os course these cannot be had. Intelligently to assert, the situation to be either way is impossible. That customs have changed radically among large groups of our young people is beyond question. Their frankness regarding things never mentioned in mixed company when I was a boy, takes my breath away. But I am unable to conclude from this fact that our present day young people are any worse than we were. There was more hypocrisy then; more concealment of mental states. a a a YTS7HETHER the present frankVV ness omens a worse moral situation is problematical. Most of us have believed all our lives that the barrier of silence on sex subjects was necessary. We have thought that liberty of speech on these forbidden subjects would lead to liberty of conduct, with consequent immorality. I don’t know whether this is true or not. My impulse is to believe it would be safer to keep the barrier up. Yet hypocrisy is a poor weapon with which to promote morality. And the self-reliant way in which young women protect themselves today, without show of anger or shame, but with finality, would indicate that ignorance and virtue are not one and the same thing. Many girls know, and frankly reveal the fact that they know. Knowing. they calmly choose where they will draw the line beyond which no one can trespass. That line is so far over to the side of open frankness that it puzzles me. But it is there.. One hardly will say that evil impulses are any more inherent in the present generation than in the last. We are dealing with the same human nature in both instances. Whether the present franker situation lends itself to added temptation is the question. If with greater freedom has come more intelligent powers of resistance, the moral equilibrium may be undisturbed. tt a tt FRANKLY, I do not believe that the generation of young men to which I belonged was so all-fired pure. The conventions made us appear so on the surface. But the mind of the young fellow of yesterday was as much a battleground between good impulses and bad tendencies as it is today. We thought things then much worse than the frankest young man of today would say. His thoughts are probably about like ours were. One generation hardly could make a substantial difference either way. I was brought up to believe that a woman hardly could think a bad thought. My chivalry still attributes to the individual women of my acquaintance that quality of purity. Yet, in the abstract, my experience and judgment tell'me that so onesided a situation hardly could exist. It seems a reasonable assumption that women in general have their own line of moral battle, just as men have. Never having been a woman, I capnot be sure about this. In any event, we safely may irSfer thpt human nature, good or bad, in both sexes is about what it has been for a good many generations. It seems quite obvious that many of the barriers of other days are being broken down, deplore it though we may. Perhaps those barriers were a less important deterrent than we thought, ai/d still think. Perhaps the instinct for self-preservation and community respect and self-respect was the real protection then and still is today. Perhaps modified customs do not invoke inhibition quite so quickly as of old, but just as effectively as ever.

This Date in U. S. History

May 29 1736—Birthday cl Patrick Henry. 1844—Morse telegraphed from Baltimore to New York news of the Democratic nomination for president. 1848—Wisconsin .admitted to the Union. 1875—Grant declined a third term. When did the World’s Fair take place in Chicago? The World’s Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago, from May 1 to Oct. 30, 1893. How long after a man becomes a citizen of the United States must he wait before he can get an American passport? Naturalized citizens may apply for passports on the same day they become citizens. Is there a premium on a dime dated 1827? It is valued at 10 to 20 cents. What do the names ‘Venita” and “Fred’ mean? Venita is an English name’ and means “blessed.” Fred is short for Frederick, a German name meaning “abounding in peace.” On what days did March 25, 1903, and Sept. 25, 1907 fall? Both fell on Wednesday. Did Edward Bruce surrender the Irish crown? Edward Bruce, King of Ireland, and brother of Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, did not give up his Irish crown. He died King of Ireland. What is ' s e population of India and China? The 120 estimated pop nation of China proper is 375,000/ JO; for all China, 400,800,000. Thf total population of India is 311 885,980.

the compass card which divides the compass into thirty-two points. This card is known historically as the “Rose of the Winds.” The first compass cards upon which this “rose” appeared were Genoese of about the year 1318. Anthony of Bologna, writing in the latter part of the 14th century said: “Am-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

IN 1377 John Wycliff. a priest and teacher in Oxford, called the Pope Antichrist, demanded that the church be shorn of all temporal power, and translated the Bible into English that his people might judge how Christian the Catholic church had become. John of Lancaster protected him from martyrdom; but some of his followers (the “Lollards”) paid at the stake for the error of taking Christianity seriously. In 1411, John Huss, rector of the University of Prague, questioned the power of the Pope to grant indulgences; he was summoned to appear before the Council of Constance, and went thither under a safe-con-duct from the Eemperor. The Council burned him alive in the public square, and then passed a resolution that a safe-conduct to a heretic, or any pledge prejudiced to the Catholic faith, could not be considered "TSliiding. It was into this atmosphere of corruption, treachery and rebellion that Erasmus came with his Voltairean pen, and fired the first great shot of the Religious Rveolution. He came from Rotterdam, one of those ports which were making Holland second only to Italy (and later second to none) in commerce, learning and art. His real name was Gierard (i. e. desirous.) as if to forecast his limitless ambition; when he became the greatest scholar of his age his name was changed to a Latin form Desiderius, as Swartzerde made himself Melanchthon. a tt tx he was a boy the father ’ * died; and the executor, to cover his embezzlement of the bequest, sent the two sons off to become monks. Peter yielded and became a roue; young Erasmus, frail and fiery, resisted, even though “watched and starved like a besieged city.” The executor persuaded him to enter a monastery as an experiment, and induced the monks to make life sweet for him there till he had taken the vows. The vows once taken, he was permitted to see the monastic life as it was. He described it gently: A monk may be drunk every day. He may go with loose women secretly and openly. He may waste the church’s money on vicious pleasures. He may be a quack or a charlatan, and all the while be an excellent friar and fit to be made an abbot There are brothels soberer and chaster than some monasteries . . . The great proportion of priests fall into lust and incest, and open profligacy. It would surely be better if those who cannot contain themselves should be allowed lawful wives. And to give point to his charge of the monkish predilection for liquor he tells of a father confessor who fell asleep in the middle of a penitent’s tale of theft; the penitent went, and another came, to recite other sins; “Yes, yes,” said the priest, waking from his torpor; “you had broken open your neighbor’s desk; very good proceed,” whereupon the second penitent protested he had done no such thing, and went off in a rage. The Bishop of Cambrai, admiring the youthful learning and industry of Erasmus, rescued him from the monastery, and paid hi£ expenses while he studied in Paris. At first he read theology: “I am buried so deeply in Scotus that Stentor could not awake me,” he writes. Then he came upon the Greek texts that Italian scholars had recently discovered; he went wild with enthusiasm over them, and said he would pawn his coat rather than go without the latest Greek manuscript. And of course he began to write. He succeeded because he failed so many times. After writing any number of things that found none but friends to praise them, he produced, at the age of thirty-one, a volume of classical proverbs—“Adagia”—which became the “Bartlett’s Quotations” of the day.

In Other Words —“I Do Not Choose”

1 k . /ff 6-v A

Charm of English Maids Wins Monk

THE STORY OF CIVILIZATION

Written for The Times by Will Durant

To many of the proverbs he appended little essays, aiming youthful arrows at ancient evils, under “Dulce bellum inexperto" he indites a telling pacifistic tract; war is sweet to those who have not experienced it, who have §een it not in the trenches but on parade. a a a HE thought his allowance was too small for his stature now, and told the Bishop, vainly, that, being a genius, he deserved a better wage. ”No man can write as he should,” he said, “without freedom from sordid cares ... I am at this moment little better than a beggar . . . . . But how many ignorant asses roll in money.” He had no skill in thrift, and knew a thousand ways of spending money. A rich lady promised to help him, but delayed. “She can supply those hooded lechers, the monks; she can find nothing to make leisure for a man who can write books worthy of posterity.” What genius could bear up without egotism? He taughi Greek to keep himself alive, and found enough students at least to keep him in wine, though he was too much of an artist to get drunk. His reputation for learning spread abroad, and Henry VIII

Amateur Photography Spring is here; summer is coming; and the amateur photographers are getting their kits ready for the pictures ahead. The Times Washington Bureau has just put into print one of its interesting bulletins covering elementary instructions in photography for beginners. It tells about types of cameras for various purposes, lenses, proper exposures, developing, printing, enlarging and mounting. If you have never done anything but take snapshots and carry the film to a photographer to be developed, this bulletin will tell you interesting things about how you may carry on all the processes of photography yourself. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR. Washington Bureau, Indianapolis Times. * 1322 New York Avenue_Washington, D. C. I want a 'copy of the bulletin AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY and inclose herewith five cems in loose, uncanceled, United States postage stamps, or coin to cover postage and handling costs. NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or Information by writing to Frederick M. Kerby, Question Editor. The Indianapolis Times. Washington Bureau, 1322 New York Ave.. Washington. D. C„ enclosing two cents in stamps for reply. Medical and lc? gal advice canndP be given, nor can extended research be made. All other auestions will receive a personal reply Unsigned requests cannot be answered All leters are confidential. You are cordially Invited to make use of this free service as often as vou mease. EDITOR What duties does the president perform at a club meeting? The president takes the chair and calls meetings to order, receives and submits reports and propositions, puts motions before the club, announces the results of votes, sees that the club observes the rules of order, posts the club on points of order or practice, and when so ordered appoints members on committees. • What is the name of the engineer who built the Brooklyn bridge? John Augustus Roeftling, an American engineer was appointed chief engineers of construction. He. prepared the platis and began the construction, but while engaged in the work he was injured and died of lockjaw. His son Washington Augustus assumed his father’s position as supervising engineer and successfully completed it in 1883. He died July 21, 1926. What are the boundaries of “The Great American Desert?” They can only be indicated in a general way. The outer limits are the Rockies and the continuing ranges in New Mexico and Texas on the east and the Sierra Nevadas

joined the scholars of England in inviting him to London. He came, charmed Colet and Sir Thomas More with his witty Latin, and took England by storm in the fashion of Oscar Wilde. His tastes, however, W'ere impeccable; and he made no moral mistakes in gender. “The English girls,” he writes a friend, “are divinely pretty . . . . They have a custom which cannot be too much admired. When you go anywhere on a visit the girls all kiss you. They kiss you when you leave; they kiss you when you return, Go where you will, it is all kisses; and my dear Faustus, if you had once tasted how soft and fragrant those lips are, you would wish to spend your life here.” (Copyright, 1928, by Will Durant) (To Be Continued)

Daily Thought

There is no fear in love, but perfect love casteth out fear.—l John 4:18. A HEART once poisoned by suspicion has no longer room for love—Kotzebue.

Questions and Answers

and Cascade ranges on the west. It includes a country over 700 miles across in the broadest part and extends from British Columbia to the Mexican frontier, where it continues southward covering a large section of that country. Only part of this Urge area is actually an arid waste. What was the first picture in which Ben Alexander appeared? His first part was that of the little brother in "Hearts of the World” produced in 1918. Do monkeys breed m captivity? Many species do not breed in captivity, but ring-tailed monkeys do. What was the fastest time made oy the Pony Express? According to computations based on historical records the fastest time was 10.7 miles per hour With what countries does the United States not have diplomatic relations? Russia apd Turkey. Has Mme. Curie ever been awarded the Nobel prize? In 103 the Nobel prize for physics was awarded to H. A. Becquerei and Pierre and Mme. Curie. Mme. Curie received the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1911.. Who was Mrs. Grundy? A character in Morton’s comedy “Speed the Plough,” tthe wife of a lucky farmer, who was envied by “Dame Ashfield,” a neighbor who continually exclaims “What will

iIAY 29, 1928

<n i M. E. TRACY SAYS: “We Americans- Have Not Only Gone Bach on Our Own Traditions in Order to Keep Out Russian Propaganda, but We Have Thrown Away Our Chances to Educate Russia in Our Oivn Theories of Government.”

ENGLAND, France, Germany and Japan, having indorsed the Kellogg plan to outlaw war by treaty, and its general acceptance having been thus practically assured, the question arises as to whether Russia will be allowed to become a party to it. Every one knows how that question will be answered. Russia is not wanted at the world’s council table, even to help peace. Her ostracism has become the fashion. That, more thi ,n anything else, explains why Russia continues Bolshevist. Universal antagonism has not, only driven the Russian people to ' unite around the red regime, but has deprived them of those contacts ( with the outside which represent tho ' one hope of their enlightenment. In order to exclude Russia rt propaganda, the world has closed’ the door on its own voice, has prepared the way for red rulers to justify themselves in allowing the Russian people to hear nothing but red doctrines. We Americans are among ths worst offenders. We have not only gone back on our own traditions in order to keep out Russian propaganda. but we have thrown a#ay our chance to educate Russia in our* own theories of government. Had we swapped propaganda openly and frankly, we could have presented facts which would have made the red dream look like thirty cents. Instead, we have built a wail which leaves the Russian people na alternative, except to feed on the twaddle that is passed out to them from Moscow. a a a Bar Russian Film How far the campaign against Russian propaganda has gone in this country is vividly illustrated by the barring of the film “The End of St. Petersburg,” in New York. When Mr. Hammerstein, the distinguished producer, procured the film from the Soviet authorities, he was warned that Will Hays had declared that it could never be exhibited in America, but regarding it as something of a masterpiece, he refused to be deterred. Last Friday night the picture was privately shown to Mr. James Wingate, head of the department of motion pictures of the New York State Department of Education, and two women, who decided that a scene and several titles were objectionablie on the ground that they contained Soviet propaganda. Asa result of this decision, Mr. Wingate has refused to issue the necessary license, and Mr. Hammerstein will not be allowed to run the picture unless he succeeds in pursuading the former to revise his opinion. This is one way of protecting the moral and political system of America—a way for which our forefathers had little use, but which twentieth century leaders seem to) think is absolutely essential. In the opinion of those who founded this republic, the best way to promote a good idea, or kill a* bad one. was to give it full publicity. They considered the American people well able to take card of themselves when it came to! propaganda. Indeed, the republic was founded on the theory that plain, ordinary people can do that) very thing. Even in the midst of a world of monarchies, when the United States stood forth as the one and only republic, our fathers never considered it necessary to bar the propaganda of kings and aristocracies. Only since we have become th greatest nation on earth and democracy the general vogue, has it been thought necessary to protects us against pamphlets and brocures, tt tt tt Communist Candidate ! The National Broadcasting Company takes a sane view with regard to propaganda in putting William Z. Foster’s speech on the air. , Foster is presidential nominee of the Workers’ Communist party. Its is not much of a party, and Foster does not stand much chance of ! election.

Mrs. Grundy say?” She has become a symbol for society in general; a tyrannical censor of morala and a stickler for conventional propriety. What business Hid President Grant enter after his term as President expired? After a triumphant tour of Ilia world he entered the banking business in New York. He also wrote his memoirs. He died in 1885 at the age of 63. How can lead be removed front the barrel of a rifle? Remove powder fouling first by means of sal soda solution and then close one end of the barrel and in- . troduce a small amount of mercury. Close the other end of the barrel and let the mercury come in contact with all parts of the inner surface. Remove the mercury and mercurylead alloy, and clean with a swab. W'hat baseball player holds ths record fotrhe greatest number of scoreless innings pitched in a world series. The late Christy Mathewson who pitched twen ;'-seven scoreless innings in the world series, of 1905. Where are the headquarters of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals? 50 Madison Ave.. New York. ' When did the twentieth century begin? Immediately after nttdnight of Dec. 31, 1900. /