Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 14, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 May 1928 — Page 4

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Drunken Drivers Whatever division of opinion there may bq as to the wisdom of the present prohibition laws, there can be none concerning the law which says that those who drive automobiles while drunk shall be placed in jails. This law is not a dry law nor a prohibition law, but stands on the same level as the one which forbids the promiscuous shooting of guns in crowds. To many persons who wish to think through on the question of prohibition, the one argument for its adoption in this country is the fact that this Nation owns most of the automobiles, which, under their present State of development and wide ownership make sober driving a real necessity. Gasoline and liquor, especially bootleg liquor, form about as deadly a combination as the devil has ever invented. The long list of accidents can be traced very largely to the fact that some driver has had his brain twisted and turned with the modern poisons hfcat go under the name of hootch or whisky. The driver who runs away from an accident, an act which is a felony under the law, is more often than not a drunken driver. This is a Nation of autdmobiles. In no small degree its permanent prosperity depends upon the industry. The use by wage workers is one of the miracles to people m other lands and the amount of time saved in transportation, to say nothing of the incidental opportunities for pleasure and recreation, is a big factor in making the United States the outstanding industrial Nation. A few prison sentences might serve as a reminder to men who own automobiles that they owe something to the general public, at least to the extent of refraining from driving while under the influence of liquor. This country, literally on wheels, must be made safe for the automobile. The drunken driver is a menace not only to life but to every factor of our industrial life and the sooner he finds himself on the penal farm the safer and the better for those who have some decent regard for the rights of others. Too Much Shooting The manner in which Chief of Police ■Worley handled the matter of the policeman who shot a youth apparently engaged in nothing more serious than a midnight adventure will commend itself to the public. He charged his own officer with manslaughter. The increase in shooting by officers of various sorts can be traced to prohibition and the fanaticism of those who believe that the only law in this country is the dry act. Prohibition agents have been defended when they have fired upon innocent persons, always on the theory that in these days nothing is sacred and that dry officers should shoot first and investigate later. Chief Worley has shown commendable zeal in checking real crime and his “hard-boiled order” against hold-ups and stick-ups has had a salutary effect. ' But there is a wide difference between going after and getting thugs and gunmen who menace life and property and shooting down timid boys who are afraid of disgrace. No man should accept a place upon any police force unless he is sure that he Tias enough judgment to know when not to use his gun and enough courage to use it when necessary. Promiscuous shootings by police and prohibition agents have become altogether too frequent. The President and Muscle Shoals President Coolidge’s first inclination will be to veto the Norris Muscle Shoals bill because he will believe that it puts the Government in the power business. The President holds to the belief that the Government ought not tq compete with private capital except where an unusual condition exists. ( Because an unusual condition does exist, not only at Muscle Shoals, but in the power industry, we urge the President to consider carefully before rejecting the bill that Congress has labored for seven years to place it in his hands. Muscle Shoals was started during the World War at cost of more than $100,000,000. Its usefulness as a munitions plant ended with the war’s termination. Since then the Government has had this expensive plant on its hands, a problem which Congress has wrestled with in vain until this session. Congress tried to lease Muscle Shoals to private interests, but that failed when those interests attempted to subsidize themselves at the Government’s expense. When no satisfactory lease or sale could be effected, Congress turned to the Norris plan of Government operation. The Norris bill is not a quickly-darn measure. It represents a compromise of the best ideas advanced by Congressmen who have studied this problem for years. The President may think the power industry deserves special consideration. If so, after the disclosures by the Federal trade commission, this is a poor time to extend it. The fertilizer interests have no legitimate protest Itft. The Government will not manufacture a marketable fertilizer and its intention to experiment and

The “Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPFS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sundav) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 314-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marlon County, 2 cents—lo cents a week; elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. PRANK <3. MORRISON. Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. MONDAY, MAY 28. 1928. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Inlormation Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

to manufacture fixed nitrogen in its own plant can not harm that industry. Creek development is a necessary attachment to the Muscle Shoals bill. The Government must keep this site for navigation and flood control purposes, regardless of the power advantages involved. The objections of certain Tennessee interests can be ironed out with later legislation. If the President vetoes the bill, what will be gained? The same Congress can adopt it again in December. With some slight changes, it can get almost a twothirds vote in either House. By a veto the President only would delay what eventually is going to happen. And, in the meantime, he would send his party’s nominee into the sampaign this summer under a terrific handicap. Explaining such a veto from the stump would not be easy. Democrats “Want” Coolidge Senator Pat Harrison, a conspicuous leade. among the Democrats, says that the President’s veto of the McNary-Haugen bill means that Coolidge will be a candidate for renomination. It is not unlikely that the wish in Harrison’s case is father to the thought. For it is easily understandable that Harrison and Democrats generally would welcome Coolidge as the opponent. Coolidge’s greatest single asset is his reputation for sincerity. The public accepts him as a man who says little but who means what he says. He is respected for that, even by those who oppose his policies. Should he at the eleventh hour consent to be a candidate, that asset of sincerity would be destroyed. His “do not choose to run” statement, taken at face value up to now, would be revealed as weasel words. ge immediately would throw himself open to attack as an equivocator, a maker of slick phrases, a language shaver, a word juggler. And all the structure of admiration that has been built up as a result of his firm adherence to his purpose and his respect for the third term tradition would fall apart. We reiterate our often expressed belief that, since he made his declaration in Black Hills last August, Calvin Coolidge never has had the slightest intention of changing his mind. Furthermore, we think that he is a smart enough student of public reaction to realize the vulnerability of his position m event of such Change. The inexplamable thing about the whol; situation is the child-like faith with which some supposedly shrewd politicians in his own party express themselves as believing Coolidge would be the strongest of ail Republicans in a battle against A1 Smith. His reputation for sincerity shattered, he would be the weakest. Lindy’s Wit It begins to appear that our old friend Lindy has a sense of humor. A friend recently told how he and two other pals of Lindy spent an evening with the latter in New York not long ago. They made the evening uncomfortable' for the aviator by persisting in singing the song “Lucky Lindy.” Lindy begged them to desist, but they grinned and kept at it. Next day Lindy piloted hem from New York to Washington in a big cabin plane. They had hardly taken the air before he began to guide the ship into an up-and-down, rocking horse motion. The three friends were not good airmer; they soon became extremely seasick. They plead :d with Lindy to put the plane on an even keel. Lindy turned around and grinned. “Now let’s here you all sing .‘Lucky, Lindy,’ ” he ordered. And sing it they had to, all the way to Washington. Score one for the trans-Atlantic aviator's sense of humor. The best recruit for the army is a married man, says a recruiting officer. Probably because he knows how to mind. A Washington inspector finds that it’s all a myth about taximeters being nervous. One of these days somebody will find out a taxicab driver is a reformer. David Dietz on Science

Compass Is Improved

No. 61 THE first great name we meet in the story of the development of the compass is that of Petrius Peregrinus. The great philosopher, Bacon, in his “Opus Tertium,” said that there were but two perfect mathematicians. He named them as Master John of London and Master Petrius. Perigrinus wrote what is the oldest known European treatise upon the subject of the magnet. Its title

Syger, we know. was his friend and neighbor. This letter later became known to many of the learned men of the time of Peregrinus and had a profound influence upon later centuries as well. For example, Peregrinus told how to find the poles of a piece of lodestone or magnet. The first method he gives is to cut and polish the lodestone until it forms a perfect sphere. A needle is then placed upon the stone and a circle drawn around the sphere in the direction indicated by the needle. The needle is then placed in another position and the process repeated. The intersection of the two circles gives the poles of the lodestone. He then goes on to say that the needle is more strongly attracted at the poles than elsewhere £nd that a simpler method of locating the poles is merely to locate the spots where the needle is attracted with the great force. Perigrinus also pointed out the well known rule that opposite magnetic poles attract, that is, the north pole of one magnet will attract the south pole of another. He does not state the other well kiown fact that like poles of magnets repel each other, but it does not seem possible that he had not noticed it. The greatest work which Perigrinus did was to design a number of compasses of improved type. He introduced the use of a card under the needle with the directions marked upon It. He also designed methods of pivoting the needle.

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LUDWELL DENNY eqr'HE United States government, which started out to get an antiwar treaty, has now decided that a half loaf is better than none. Anew note is being prepared by the State Department, attempting to reconcile the original American proposal and all the reservations made by France, Great Britain and the Dominions, Germany, Italy and Japan. The first Kellogg plan aimed, m words at least, completely to “outlaw” war as a national policy. It now is clear, cn the basis of the foreign replies, that the only treaty to which the powers are prepared to agree at this time is one which makes little, if any, change in the status quo. The only remaining question seems to be whether the limiting reservations are to be written in the body or preamble of the proposed treaty, or are to be given effect through some other diplomatic method, such as an exchange of notes, supplementing and interpreting the treaty text. Washington diplomats and those of most other powers prefer that the reservations not obtrude themselves in the treaty itself. a a a r T''HESE reservations turn on three different issues, including the right to wage defensive war, the right to apply sanctions under the League of Natlons-Locamo European security systems, and the right of powers to “protect” certain undefined spheres of influence. In reply to hostile unofficial American comment deploring the reservations of other powers, it is stated abroad that the State department never intended to go as far as a literal interpretation of the text of its anti-war plan seemed to indicate. The United States’ naval program is sufficient proof that it had no intention of renouncing so-called defensive war, and the present Marine occupation of Nicaragua and Haiti is proof that this Government will fight to defend its claimed special interests in the Monroe doctrine area, it is said abroad. Although Secretary of State Kellogg made no exception for defensive war in his original proposal, and specifically declined to accept the French amendment to that effect, he later made a speech in which he said the right of national defense is inalienable and is not to be touched by his anti-war treaty. This later Kellogg interpretation chiefly was responsible for Great Britain’s acceptance of the plan in principle. 000 Tj'NEMIES of the plan and of the Kellogg method say that all nations in going to war claim to be fighting in self-defense and thus would suffer no restraint whatever under the Kellogg treaty. They add that progress toward permanent peace is through the very difficult but necessary attempt at treaty definition of “aggressive” war, rather than by ignoring this problem of definition. The second set of reservations apply to obligations of the other powers under the league and the Locarno systems to act in certain circumstances against an offending nation. None of the European Governments is willing to throw over the machinery which .they have developed, however inadequate it may be, in favor of a binding anti-war treaty. The United States, with the natural protection of two ocean barriers, is not directly in need of such security pacts or of their perpetuation. But the State department tends to take the position that the European nations, being bound already by the systems, and further international agreements must of necessity make room for such regional arrangements. The thitd reservation. raised formally by Great Britain, concerns the right of a power to protect undefined regions which that power considers necessary to its own ultimate safety.. The British note pointed out that the United States itself asserts suen a right, that is, under the Monroe Doctrine. As an opposition group in England states, the net effect of the antiwar treaty and its supplemental reservations therefore may be to extend and sanctify “Monroeism” as an accepted international systejn. : bub WITH his veto of McNaryHaugen farm relief bill already creating a major political issue on the eve of the Republican convention, President Coolidge today studied the Norris Muscle Shoals bill for Government power operation, to which he has objected. Because of the long and successful fight which has brought the bill to the White House, and because of the Federal trade commission revelations of power “trust” lobbying and school propaganda activities, some of the President’s advisers believe a veto would be very costly politically. A1 Smith, the probable Democratic presidential candidate, who has fought the power “trust” in New York State, would use a Muscle Shoals veto as a campaign issue against the Republicans, it is suggested.

was a most formidable one, “Epistolata Petri Peregrin! de Maricourt ad Sygerum de Foucaucourt militem de Magnete.” Let us unravel that title. It tells us that the treatise took the form of a letter “on the magnet” written by Peregrinus to Syger de Foucaucourt. Peregrinus was a French nobleman.

This Date in U. S. History

May 28 1672—First declaration of war among the colonists; Boston against the Dutch. 1754—Washington commanded a force that fought the French in Pennsylvania. 1843—Noah Webster, lexicographer, died. 1893—Chicago World’s Fair first opened all day Sunday, despite protests. 1912—Marines landed In Cuba to protect American interests.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

THE Protestant Reformation was an effect of the Commercial Revolution. That great change from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic as the most important channel of European trade brought strength adn national consciousness to the Atlantic States and as their pride and power grew it was temporal that they would rebel against the domination of even their temporal affairs by the Papacy. Some of them, like France and Spain, persuaded the church to yield its earthly prerogatives gracefully, made their peace with her, and offered the protection of their rising might; others, like Germany and England, preferred to shear her of her wealth, and cure her corruption, by seceding from her fold and establishing national religions. The Religious Revolution was an incident in the birth of the modern state.. The background of the picture is the rising bourgeoisie. We have seen the successive elements of their mounting power in the growth of an economic surplus, the development of trade, industry and towns, and the facilitation of exchange by money, credit, and the extension of commercial routes. The fly in this ointment was the feudal aristocracy, who impeded trade at every turn with exorbitant tolls, and perpetually disordered with baronial wars (like the Wars of the Roses in England) the territory through which commerce was obliged to pass. When, in the natural development of difference and inequality, one baron became stronger than another, and qne estate vassal to it, the merchant's and the Jewish financiers allied themselves with this central power, preferring one robber to a hundred. The long struggle of the king, supported by the middle class against aristocracy, laid the basis of that alliance betweemgovernment and capital which is one of the main threads of modern history. 000 THIS centralization of political power had by the sixteenth century raised certain States— Spain, France, and England—to a position which rivaled, within their borders, the power of the church. Germany had been and had ceased to be a State; as the chief member of the Holy Roman Empire she had once been powerful; but the war between emperors and popes had broken down this unity, and left the Empire no more than a geographical expression, and the emperor a potentate without power. When Luther came Germany was a conglomeration of nearly three hundred little States, each with its ruling family, and united only by a common subordination to the seven .electors who had gradually usurped the authority once held by the emperor whom they chose. As these nations grew to political self-consciousness they fretted more and more under the domination of the church. First of all they disliked the church because it was a State within a State, with its own courts and laws, in which the enemies of the State could find refuge in defeat. They looked with suspicion and envy upon the wealth of the church, which owned one-third of the land in Europe, and had in its churches and monasteries and papal coffers riches beyond those of all of these northern States cobined. They suffered from the power of the interdict assumed by the pope, by which he could release subjects from allegiance to their king, and so subject him to the church’s will; in 1511, for example, Julius II ex-com-municated the King and Queen of Naples, and offered their kingdom to any one who cared to come and take it. Above all, the States mourned the flow of gold from their lands to Italy: the tithes took a goodly part; another part went into the “annates”—payment of one-half the revenue of any church office in the first year of anew incumbent; another part went in such collections as “Peter’s Pence”; another disappeared with the pilgrims who went to Rome and came back shrived but penniless.

THE STORY OF CIVILIZATION Waldo's Followers Die by Sword Written for The Times by Will Durant

Getting No Nearer, Fast!

TIME and time again the popes appointed Italian favorites to ecclesiastical benefices in the northern States; sometimes the same man was appointed to several benefices, most of which he never saw, but whose income went down across the Alps to finance the luxury, the gayety, and the art of the Renaissance. What did the northern “Barbarians” (as the Italians called them) care about art? They lived in a cold climate under hard conditions, which made for domestic privacy and a stem morality; religion was to them an inspiring and uplifting truth, rather than an alleviating beauty; they expected the pope to live like Christ, instead of inhabiting great palaces meretriciously

Questions and Answers

You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or Information by writing to Frederick M- Kerby, Question Editor. The Indianapolis Times, Washington Bureau. 1322 New York Ave., Washington. D. C.. enclosing two cents In stamps for reply. Medical and lefal advicecannot be given, nor can exended research be made. All other questions will receive a personal reply. Unsigned requests cannot be anstvered. All leters are confidential. You are cordially invited to make use of this free service as often as vou please. EDITOR. How are the locks of the Panama Canal operated? The machinery operating the locks of the Panama Canal is run by electric motors, each having its own generating plant and being operated separately from the others. The locks are filled and emptied through a system of culverts. The main culvert, 255 feeet in area, extends the entire length of er.ch wall; and there are several smaller culverts communicating with the lock chamber through holes in the floor. These are controlled by valves, which are opened at the upper end and closed at the lower end for the purpose of filling a lock, the process being reversed for emptying. The average time for filling a lock and emptying the locks is about fifteen minutes. Strong fender chains attached to powerful springs are placed at each entrance to prevent damage from ships. A floating caisson gate permits repairs to be made on the permanent locks and bottom sluices. Which has the lower altitude, the Desert of Sahara or Death Valley, Cal.? Death Valley is 276 feet below sea level; the Desert of Sahara is estimated at 150 feet below sea level. What is birds’ nest soup made of? The nests of the Saiangane, an East Indian swift. These birds breed in large numbers in sea-fronting caves, and attach their small cupshaped nest to the rocks in the dark interiors of crevices and caverns. The nests are composed chiefly of the glutinous saliva produced by the bird with a small mix-1

Amateur Photography

Spring Is here; summer Is coming; and the amateur photographers are getting their kits ready for the pictures ahead. The Times Washington Bureau has just put into print one of its interesting bulletins covering elementary instructions in photography for beginners. It tells about types of cameras for various purposes, lenses, proper exposures, developing, printing, enlarging and mounting. If you have never done anything but take snapshots and carry the film to a photographer to be developed, this bulletin will tell you interesting things about how you may carry on all the processes ol photography yourself. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR, Washington Bureau, Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York Avenue. Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY and inclose herewith five cents in loose, uncanceled, United States postage stamps, or coin to cover postage and handling costs. NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

adorned with paintings and statues of nude women and pagan deities. This immorality and worldliness might have been tolerable, had it not been so expensive; it was the high cost of religion that stirred the north to revolution. Like every great dawn it had its chanteclers. In 1170 Peter Waldo, a rich merchant of Lyons, abandoned his wealth, preached to the people a' return to poverty and simplicity of Christ, and denounced the luxury and venality of the clergy; in 1209 his followers were massacred at the instigation of Pope Innocent III; in 1487 their final remnant was put to the sword by King Charles VIII of France at the behest of Pope Innocent VIII. (What’s in a name?) (Copyright, 1928. by Will Durant)

(To Be Continued)

ture of foreign materials such as bits of straw and feathers. How many blast furnaces are in operation in the United States, and how many does the United States Steel Corporation operate? What is the record production of a blast furnace? At the beginning of 192(5 the United States Stel Corporation had 112 blast furnaces out of a total of 385 in the United States. The Iron Age for Jan. 6, 1927, states that a new high tonnage was reached when No. 6 furnace, Duquesne Works, Carnegie Steel Company. Pittsburgh, Pa., produced 1,035 tons in twentyfour hours. If an alien woman married an American citizen on July 19, 1922, is she still an alien? The law providing for separate citizenship for married women did not become effective until Sept. 22, 1922, consequently American citizenship was acquired by marriage prior to that date. What Is the largest railroad station in London, England? Waterloo Station, which has 1,180 trains daily and an area of 24'4 acres. When did the legislature take the auto license fee off the county gravel road and put it on the State ■ highway? The new r State highway law was passed in 1919 making this change. What is the largest newspaper in Seattle, Wash.? Post-Intelligencer.

Daily Thought

He shall rule them with a rod of iron.—Rev. 22:18. THE man who prates about the cruelty of angling will be found invariably to 1 beat his wife. —Christopher North.

MAY 28, 1928

M. E. TRACY SAYS: “More Than One Young Man Has Taken a Wrong Path Because He Found His Foot on the Gas, and More Than One Decent Politician Has Become a Demagogue Because of the Cheering Crowd.”

THE “embattled farmer” has become an object of interest to politicians. Very soon he will become an object of flattery and wheedling. His supposed disappointment at the !?,ilure of the Mc-Nary-Haugen bill is too good a bet to be overlooked. Besides, campaign promises are the easiest things in the world to make. The plan of the “embattled farmer” to march on Kansas City 100,000 strong and, perhaps, on Houston, will receive every possible encouragement. Politicians could ask for nothing better. It relieves them of the necessity of seeking him out. At Kansas City, he will be told just why it happened, and just what good things he can expect if the Republicans are kept in power. At Houston he will be told just how much better the Democrats would have done by him and just what a solid friend he has in Governor Smith. The “embattled farmer” should be able to win satisfactory platform planks from both conventions and possibly a candidate for the vice presidency. They call the issue thus raised “farm relief,” but what they should call it is “political relief.” It relieves the Republicans from talking about oil and primary scandals and the Democrats from talking about prohibition. 000 No Word of Nobile Four days ago Nobile flew over the North Pole. The whole civilized world not only knows about it, but knows that he is in trouble. Just another example of the swift gait human progress has struck. A generation back no one had found the North Pole much less flown over it. Peary reached it in 1909 after a gruelling journey by dog sled over hundreds of miles of ice and the world did not learn of his discovery until months afterward. The flying machine and flying thought have changed life for the explorer. The man who goes far these days not only goes fast, but does not need to isolate himself. The sky contains no obstacle to travel communication, except our ignorance. The ability to make use of it marks the dawn of anew day. 000 Rule of Temptation Amazing as it may be, what men can do is still of less importance than what they will. Why does a Nobile seek the Pole, why does a Richard Reese Whitten ore commit murder, why does a Mu; solini want to be dictator, why does a Mrs. Knapp spoil a brilliant career for the’ sake of a few hundred dollars? It is not the airplane or radio that spells the difference bet’, een good and evil, but the conception of what is right. Are we paying enough attention to that conception? Temptation goes with power. More than one young man has taken a wrong path because he found his foot on the gas, and more than one decent politician has become a demagogue because of the cheering crowd. There probably never was a time in human history when character needed so much emphasis in education. . It is obvious that mens’ discretion has not developed as fast as their ability. Science has put unusually sharp instruments in their hands. The next, task is to learn how to use those instruments wisely. 000 Reign of Vice Recent events in the United States justify such thoughts. We have been wallowing not only through a wave of crime, but. through a waiter of political scandals. We have impeached more Governors during the last fifteen years than during the previous fifty. < For the first time since this Government was established we have seen three cabinet members forced out under fire. Our second largest city has passed through such a reign of vice as shocks the world, and our largest is entering on a great ivestigation which promises all too much. Eight or ten years ago we thought we had reached the peak of political debauchery in the Lorimer and Newberry cases, but they seem colorless besides those of Vare in Pennsylvania and Frank L. Smith in Illinois. Prohibition and woman suffrage, which were supposed to correct many ills, have not fulfilled exceptations. Law enforcement In connection with the foimer has become a national disgrace, while the latter has not contributed that moral strength which it promised. The conviction of Mrs. Florence E. S. Knaop, former secretary of State in New York, for grand larceny is peculiarly depressing. Here was a woman apparently fitted for high office, an educated woman who had held responsible positions, a woman whom not only her own sex, but all people regarded with great respect. Her election as secretary of State four years ago was held as an event. She was the first woman to be chosen for a state-wide office in New York, and was heralded, along with Governor Miriam Ferguson of Texas and Governor Nellie Ross of Wyoming as one of the three pioneer women to hold high office. Her elevation was under the most auspicious circumstances. Seemingly, she faced a rose-strewn pal’n. with a career which offered splendid opportunities, but few risks. Yet here is this woman, college graduate and dean of a university convicted of stealing public funds and facing the possibility of spending from five to ten years in prison