Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 10, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 May 1928 — Page 4

PAGE 4

SCKI PPS-HOWA.JU>

Real Duty for Council City council, having “saved” daylight for Indianapolis, now is faced with a duty far mor* imperative, one of a thousandfold more benetit to the citizenry. That duty is approval of the .$1,710,000 bond issue for city hospital, where crying need is manifested daily for greater facilities for treatment of patients. The late lamented council used this bond issue as a political football, holding up a project of inestimable value to the welfare of Indianapolis. The need for new buildings at city hospital grows every day. Old buildings at the institution are a fire and health menace. Facilities for treatment of patients with contagious diseases are absolutely inadequate. The powerhouse is little better than a relic, of great potential danger. Scores of patients must be treated in their homes, under the “out-patient system, because of overcrowded wards. In the face of all these handicaps, the hospital staff is doing a great work, recognized by medical leaders all ovver the country. It is time that the council act. No more important work is before it. If Nicaragua Were in Europe Supporting Secretary of State Kellogg's invitation to Trance, England, Italy, Germany and Japan to join us in a pact to outlaw war, Professor de Madariaga, formerly director of the Disarmament Section of the League of Nations, suggests that the Secretary's plan be used as a basis for an international parley. Proof, de Madariaga—now of Oxford University —does not sec the Kellogg plan as a completed project, but rather as the first important stsp toward something of vast consequence to the world. Secretary Kellogg obviously can not mean what his words seem to mean, the professor points out, so the thing to do is for the nations to get together at a conference and investigate the "implications and possibilities’’ of his scheme, “First of all,” says de Madariaga, in the London Times, “what Goes a state actually renounce when it renounces war as an instrument of national pol.oy ? Merely aggressive war. Whether Washington likes it or not, ‘aggressive war’ and ‘war as an instrument of national policy’ mean very much the same thing lor practical purposes. The two terms differ only in that ‘war as an instrument of national policy’ is the vaguer of the two, and therefore the more dangerous ...” “It is evident,” he continues, "that a state which offers to renounce all but defensive wars (and that is what the American proposal means, despite its, in appearance, unqualified condemnation of war) renounces nothing at all so long as it retains the right to define when It is fighting a defensive war. . . . “The fact is that, in most perfect good faith, states are wont to consider that any and every war they lecl inclined to fight is a defensive war. “At the very moment when it offers Europe and a!! the nations of the world a pact renouncing war as an instrument of national policy, the American go\ - eminent is engaged in operations in Nicaragua which many people, both in the United States and abroad, consider as a war. . . . “This fact eloquently shows that a mere pact renouncing war (whatever that may mean) as an instrument of national policy (whatever that may mean) is not going to prevent a nation from undertaking operations which a considerable proportion of the world may be unable to discriminate from war. Something more is wanted. . . . “The Nicaraguan case has not led up to an American war because there is no American nation strong enough to stand up to the United States. . . . An identical situation in Europe would have led to a European war and almost certainly to a world war. “Europe, therefore, can not accept as practical politics a pact which events show her to be compatible with armed intervention in a foreign country.” The League of Nations covenant, the writer points cut, specifically bars all wars of aggression and stipulates “that every pacific means must be employed to settle disputes of every description which may arise between states.” Thus the Kellogg plan represents two steps in advance. First, the Kellogg pact calls for specific ratification by governments and parliaments and, second, “it would add to the declaration of the members of the Eeague the plighted word of the United States.” Neither Europe nor Japan will for a moment underestimate the importance of this step, the professor Warns. But, he adds, the United States should not overestimate it, because “their move is in the nature of a beginning.” The first step is hardest, professor. After that they come easy. Auto Tax Off Four million purchasers of passenger automobiles Will be saved some $66,000,000 during the next year through repeal of the Federal tax of 3 per cent on the manufacturer’s selling price. Senate and House have agreed to abolition of this •levy in the tax bill now in conference, which is expected to receive the signature of the President. Repeal of the tax should stimulate the automobile Industry and the entire country will benefit, opponents of the lewy did not stress this feature in their appeals for relief, but it was testified before committees that even small price reduction greatly had increased sales. The automobile manufacturers considered abolition of the tax of greatest importance, because of their constant efforts to bring prices down to the lowest possible levels and to increase output. The Treasury opposed repeal of the tax, but was overruled. Users of automobiles have paid into the Federal treasury more than a billion dollars in the last ten years. At the same time they have been taxed by the States in excess of $700,000,000 a year. They have paid gasoline taxes running as high as & cents a gallon, license fees, and personal taxes. The

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The IndianuDolls Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion Cc.nty, 2 cents—lo cents a week; elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. WEDNESDAY. MAY 23. 1928." Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaner Enterprise Association. Newspaper Intormation Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

average car user pays from $32 to $45 a year in special levies, depending on where he lives. Opponents or the tax on automobiles contended, and with considerable degree of justice, that it was unfair to single out automobiles from among all other manufactured products for special assessment. The automobile no longer is a luxury. It is a necessaiy means of transportation, and an essential part of business. Cheap automobiles in addition mean that more persons can enjoy pleasures of and this is no inconsequential consideration. Congress did well to wipe out the tax. A Profitable Study Today the delegates to the Indiana Electric Light Association are meeting in this city. These gentlemen have control of the furnishing of one of the great utilities. They furnish the heat and the light to the State. They have an opportunity to scrutinize the result of a monopoly as against competive methods of operation. In this city, particularly this newspaper, has advocated the metnod of monopoly. It believed that this system was economic and that if it were properly safeguarded, through it, the people would receive the best service at the lowest rates. This newspaper believed and advocated that a merger be accomplished, not through political methods, but through the advice and counsel of the commercial bodies that represent the interests that are the largest consumers and which purchase the largest amounts of power end heat. It is through them that new industries are fostered and grow. The system has been in operation for more than a year. It can now be seen whether it works or not. Its success or failure can be demonstrated. The Times suggests that the delegates to this convention can most profitably study what has been done, what accomplishments registered, what defects have appeared. Electricity in reality is a public utility. Let's sec ■what has happened. Let's see whether The Times was right or wrong. The men to study the results are the experts who deal with these things as a matter of their daily work and livelihood. The Times believes that the accomplishments more than justify its position. The physical combination of two plants has been a gigantic task. The removal of unsightly poles has been a real benefaction. The engineering problems have not been small. These delegates should look into the matter. Perhaps this city has pointed the way to public benefit througn private ownership publicly controlled. Does Lobbying Pay? There has been a 101, of lobbying at this session of Congress. The power interests have been the most active group, seeking to forestall an investigation of their propaganda and financing methods, and to defeat Boulder Dam aid Muscle Shoals legislation. They worked in the capital by direct appeals to members of Congress, and operated in every community in the country in an effort to build up public sentiment, in support of their views. Other private interests also have sought to influence legislation. The principal rallying cry has been "no government in business.” In the face of this, the present session of Congress has done more in support of Government ownership than any other in years. Both houses have approved Government operation of Muscle Shoals, and the manufacture of either fixed nitrogen and fertilizer or both. This perhaps was the greatest victory proponents of Government ownership ever have achieved. The House has provided for continued operation and expansion of the Government barge lines, and the Senate regards the measure with favor. Both houses are debating Boulder Dam, with better chances of passage than ever before, if not in the present session, then in the short session beginning in Dccemoer. Investigation of the power industry, against which the greatest lobby in hisory was organized, is proceeding in an efficient manner, and revealing valuable information. All of which raises the question: Does lobbying pay;

Dietz on Science The Chinese Were First

1 . No. 57 ' MODERN navigation, whether of the sea or air, would be impossible without the compass, While early records are not entirely clear, it appears that the compass was first understood by the Chinese, The Greeks were aware of the existence of natural magnets or loadstones as early as 700 B. C., but they did not know how to use them for compasses. According to legend, the Chinese understood the directional property of the loadstone in 2634 B. C. The legend is an interesting one, for it ascribes to the same date the smoke screen, which we usually think of as a modern military invention. It seems that in the reign of Ho-ang-ti, the emperor's troops attacked the rebel leader Tchi-yeou on the plains of Tchou-lou. The rebel leader w%s getting the worst of it and, accordingly, raised a great* smoke to confuse the emperor and escape capture. But Ho-ang-ti, according to the legend, constructed a chariot, which pointed to the south, and so gave him the knowledge of directions which permitted his troops to pursue and capture the rebel leader. The legend undoubtedly gives too early a date for the "south-pointing cart." Ho-ang-ti was the outstanding figure of early Chinese history and it was common to ascribe all sorts of things to him. Some authorities, however, do believe that the “south pointing cart" was used as early as 1100 B. C. The accompanying illustration shows a southpointing cart. It consisted of an ordinary two-wheel cart upon the front of which was mounted a small pivoted figure of a man with outstreched arm. A piece of loadstone was placed in the arm with tlieresult that the figure turned like a compass and the arm always pointed south. This device was introduced into Japan about the seventh century of our present era, and continued in use in both China and Japan until the fifteenth century A. D. The compass, as we know it today, dates to about the eleventh century A. D., when the Chinese made a rude sort of compass consisting of a needle floating on water or hung by a thread. The Chinese had learned that if an iron needle was rubbed upon a loadstone, the magnetic properties were transferred to the needle. 1

* ■ . • " ■

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LLDWELL DENNY PRESIDENT COOLIDGE is making the decision which will fix the issue of the Kansas City convention and which may determine the candidate and fate of the Republican party for the next four years. He is expected to veto the Mc-Nary-Haugen farm relief bill. This threatens to split the Republican convention as liquor and religion disrupted the Democratic forces four years ago. though the result may be less costly. Ex-Governor Lowden. leading anti-Administration candidate, and his friend, Vice President Dawes.! leading dark horse candidate, have defeated the President in Congress by putting through the MeNaryHaugen bill, and now stake their success at Kansas City on this issue. The President has a choice of | signing 'the bill, thereby preserving I party unity, robbing his opponents J of an issue, and assuring Republican j victory at the polls in the Middle | West next November. Or he can repeat his veto of last year, and. together with the Administration candidate. Herbert Hoover, fight it out with his own party at Kansas City and with the Democrats in November. It is assumed that Coolidge intends to send a veto mes age to J Congress within a day or so. The Lowden-Dawes-Watson-Curtis coalitions expect this veto, and is ; making its convention plans accordingly. The leaders mean to "play politics” with the issue. tt an T OWDEN announces he does not want the nomination, which would mean defeat in the election, unless the party declares for farm relief. But when it comes to playing politics as a game, it is hardly a secret that Coolidge is no novice.' Perhaps no political campaign was ever conducted with greater skill than the Coolidge campaign of four years ago. Then his problem was to disarm the Democrats, who were trying to use the issue of alleged political corruption. He succeeded. His friends now expect the President to outmaneuver the Lowden-Dawes alliance, which is trying to use McNaryism as a club ! to control the convention and grab the nomination from Hoover. Again he has a choice of tactics, j He can pursue his past tactics of i ignoring the issue which the opposition chooses, and of drawing the attention of the convention and the electorate to other issues, such as "Coolidge prosperity.” Or he may surprise everyone byreversing his tactics, accepting the opponents issue, and boldly proclaiming himself and Hoover better and sounder friends of the farmer than Lowden and Dawes. The President and Hoover's managers apparently are considering seriously the wisdom of this latter course. it a a THE President may go beyond the mere negative act of vetoing the McNary-Haugcn bill, and take the positive step of demanding that Congress come to the relief of the farmer by passing the present bill without the “unconstitutional” eualization fee provision. By such action, he would try’ to i put the responsibility on the opposition for any failure of farm relief legislation. Then when Congress I refused—as it doubtless would re- 1 fuse, because of time limitation, if no other—to enact the Coolidge form of the bill, the President and Hoover would be in a position at the convention and in the campaign to bid for the farm vote with the following argument : “We are committed to any sound system of farm relief. We tried to enact a law creating a Federal farm board and a $400,000,000 revolving fund for use of co-operative organizations in the marketing of surplus agricultural products. “This was blocked by the LowdenDawes faction, who deliberately left the farmer without relief, to make a political football of an ’’unconstitutional” equalization fee which [ they knew the Presideht could not accept and which was passed for the purpose of a veto.” a tt a WHILE * the cables on the German national election stress the victory of the Moderate Socialists, who polled 9,000,000 of the 30,000,000 ballots, and with an increase of twenty-four, raised their total of parliamentary seats to 152, Communists believe their gains were more significant. Communists won fifty-four seats, an increase of 20 per cent, the largest gain of any party. This Communist success robbed the Socialists and the so-called Weimar coalition of the six parliamentary votes necessary for a majority. Asa result, the Communists hold the balance of power, and the only way the Socialist and liberal parties can form and maintain a Government is to make an alliance with the middle-of-the-road People’s party of Foreign Minister Stresemann. Though a Socialist will be Premier, Stresemann is expected to continue at the foreign office and be perhaps the dominant factor in the new Government. Communists are gratified especially by the German election, because they think it marks the turn in party fortunes, after the almost universal losses during the last three years. In what opera is “The Anvil Chorus?” Verdi’s “II Trovatore.” Who was the first President of the United States bora after the country had declared its independence from England? Martin Van Buren. How do the Canadian National Railway lines compare in length with the largest railway system in the world? The largest railway system in the world is the New German Railway Company, 33,000 miles in length. The Canadian National Railways has a total mileage of 21,844 miles.

Just Sign on the Dotted Line, Please!

-<ss*—— _. '. ''' '

Italy's Commercial Power Crumbles Written for The Times by Will Durant

THE final stage in the process of separating the theatre and the Church came with the growth of comedies. These had been at first mere interludes between religious or serious plays, and were at first called "Interludes.’’ or later, "Farces” (from farcire, to fill in). The humor is at first of the rough excretory sort so dear to Rabelais; but in the comedies produced in Italy during Renaissance the humor was sharpened with wit, and the acting was improved by the development of professional actors; the name for this theater, Commedia dell' Arte, meant that the actors were artists, that they guaranteed a happy ending, and that their skill could be relied upon to improvise dialouge If the author would give them merely a scenario. Some of these Italian actors definitely “created" parts that were to remain in various comedies for centuries, like Scaramouche and Pulcinella <Polichinelle, Punch'; Moliere was to inherit these characters. and much of their traditional dialogue. Nothing could have been more characteristic of the exuberance and fertility of the Renaissance than this secularized comedy, the source and inspiration of modern comedy in almost every country of Europe. And yet the very independence of the church which the Commedia dell Arte shewed, the satirical nature of its wit, the earthly character of its humor, its appeal to the simpler classes of the population rattier than to the aristocracy or the higher in the passing of th e pseciecftßV. in the passing of the specific Renaissance spirit. One by one the conditions were created which were to put an end to Italy's greatest age. a tt a THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION BUT the greatest cause of all was the loss of Italy's supremacy in finance and trade. In 1453 the Turks took Constantinople, and bit by bit conquered the maritime empire of Venice; in 1516 they took Damascus and Cairo, and made themselves masters of both land and sea routes between Europe and the east. At once the nations of the west began to seek other means of reaching the Orient. Portugal and Spain had already made such efforts, in the hope of diverting trade from Italy; and it was they who undertook the most audacious ventures in the opening of new routes. The voyages of Columbus were but a small part of the peninshula s enterprise; and perhaps the motive of the most famous of discoverers was not merely to find anew way to the Indies, but to open new markets to Spanish trade and conquer new regions for the Catholic faith. But when, in 1499. Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa to India, the motive was simple and obvious; Italy was to be displaced as the main port of exit for European shipments to the East. Strange to say, the.end was attained, but not as Spain and Portugal had planned, and with no permanent good to the Peninsular. It was in America, rather than in the “Indies,” that these nations w r ere to find their transient wealth and glory; and the prize was to be snatched from them within a century after its conquest. But although France, Holland an England soon dominated Spain and Portugal in the exploitation of the new continent, the effect on Italy was as her enemies had intended; the currents of trade ceased to flow mainly over the Alps to Italian ports. They passed by Sicily, or along the Atlantic coast, or across the ocean, in the ships of the northAtlanticm nations; and the wealth of both the Americas and the East flowed into the coffers of Spain and Portugal, then of France and Holland and England. tt tt a THE financial center of the world migrated from Florence to Madrid, Paris. Amsterdam and London, the Fuggers of Germany replaced the Medici of Italy, and the Italian Renaissance was deprived of its economic base in one of those

impersonal but ruthless movements of invention and trade which'dominate the larger processes of history. The Reformation was an incident in this emergence of the north; it would have been impossible but for the wealth that had made Germany and England at once independent and jealous of Italy. Its success stopped the flow of northern gold into papal coffers, and sadly reduced the sinews of the Renaissance: great art works were out of the question for a suddenly impov-

Mr. Fixit Hears of a Nuisance That * Can’t Be. Helped.’

Let Mr. Fixtt. The Times’ representa(ive at city hall, present your troubles to city officials. Write Mr. Fixit at The Times. Names and addresses which must be Riven will not be published. Presence of “prehistoric vehicles drawn by old horses and mules” on city streets on Sunday was deplored today in a letter to Mr. Fixit. Dear Mr. Fixit: I have lived in Indianapolis four years and am anxious to do my bit to make it the cleanest and most beautiful city in the U. S. A. We can not all live in beautiful modern homes but we can have things clean and respectable. No matter how poor we arc we can have a little lawn and a few flowers and prevent papers from collecting on the yard. The place I moved into last spring was a regular dump but by summer it. was as pretty as any home in the neighborhood. But there are other things besides homes which mar the city’s beauty. There are unsightly prehistoric vehicles loaded with coal, ice and other things drawn by old nags, passing through our neighborhood streets all day Sunday. It really mars the Sabbath atmosphere. Do you think something can be done about it? ' C. Z. Police Captain O. D. Thomas advised Mr. Fixit that there is no law to prevent peddlers from using the streets on Sunday except, the "blue laws.” There is a legal question as to the authority to convict for delivering commodities on the streets. Next time you see such a vehicle report it to police. Mr. Fixit knows of no statute which would enable police to clean the streets of unsighly wagons and trucks.

Daily Thought

For many are called, but few are chosen. —Matt. 22:14. AND how his audit stands whd knows, save heaven.—Shakespeare. What is the nationality of Luis Firpo? How old is he? He was born Oct. 11. 1896. at Buenos Aires. Argentina. His father w’as an Italian and his mother a Spaniard.

Amateur Photography

Spring is here; summer is coming; and the amateur photographers are getting their kits ready for the pictures ahead. The Times Washington Bureau has just put into print one of its interesting bulletins covering elementary instructions in photography for beginners. It tells about types of cameras for various purposes, lenses, proper exposures, developing, printing, enlarging and mounting. If you have never done anything but take snapshots and carry the film to a photographer to be developed, this bulletin will tell you interesting things about how you may carry on all the processes of photography yourself. Fill out the coupon below and send for it. CLIP COUPON HERE AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR, Washington Bureau, Indianapolis Times. 1322 New York Avenue. Washington, D. C. I want a copy of the bulletin AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY and inclose herewith five cents in loose, uncanceled. United States postage stamps, or coin to cover postage and handling costs.’ NAME STREET AND NUMBER CITY STATE I am a reader of The Indianapolis Times.

erished papacy, and for a church driven to a fight for life and death. The Council of Trent (1544-64) put an end to the delightful and humane paganism that had grown up in the Italy of the Renaissance under an indulgent church; it tightened the bonds of both dogma and morals, and destroyed the spirit in which art and science had flourished. The Inquisition spread its snares, the “Index Expurgatorius” was directed to prevent the circulation of heretical literature. The church reformed and saved itself, but the Renaissance was lost. The turn of the tide from Italy to the north found its first dramatic incident and symbol in the capture and sack of Rome by a German army in 1527. It was almost a renewal of the ancient barbarian invasiors; for though the soldiers were Christians, they were no longer Catholics; the mighty eloquence of Luther had infuriated hem against the vices and unbelief that the Reformer had seen in Rome. When Pope Clement VII fled from the Vatican to the fortress of Sant’ Angelo, and from its walls saw the German army rob and kill and destroy unhindered the population and the art of the ancient capital. it was a sign of the future, the beginning of the end of the Renaissance. (Copyright. 1328. by Will Durant) (To Be Continued)

Times Readers Voice Views

The name and address of the author must accompany every contribution, but on request will not be published. Letters not exceeding 200 words will receive Dreference. Editor Times: I notice by the papers that we are to have the council dictate when we should sleep and eat. Why not let it go ahead and start an absolute monarchy, whereby we common folks, who haven’t any money to spare for golf sticks, or for any other "high falution” amusement which Springsteen and the other five desire for a favored few, will be punished for talking above a whisper. The past council, with all its corruption, had a better eye for business than the present force. Why, these folks will be the laughing stock of the citizens of this fair city! The mayor, who shows a little common judgment, ought to have his salary raised for vetoing such a bill. Now that you have started on the betterment of the community, include this in your program and I wouldn’t doubt that you will have the best of the citizens behind you. The sun will come up and go down just the same as always. Let us stay with the sun. R. CLYDE NEILL.

-■-A •

M. E. TRACY SAYS: “The Problem Not Only for Chicago, but for the Entire Country to Solve Js How to Restore a Sense of Common Honesty in Official Life.”

SOME folks of a speculative turn bought Interborough Rapid Transit stock after a Federal Court had sustained the company’s plea for an increased fare. They ignored the fact that it was a law court, or took it for granted that the higher court would agree. Higher courts and lower courts are not always so accommodating in which case those who depend on the lower court get left. Interborough Rapid Transit went down some 10 points, after the Supreme Court ordered a stay of the 7-cent fare, giving other folks of a speculative turn their chance to clean up. Sometimes the rise and fall of stocks is due to better reasons, but more often than not, the fluctuation is based on little, except a hunch. a a a Bears to Get Chance During the last four months the American people have been engaged in the pleasant pastime of blowing bubbles on Wall Street.- - Not only the Federal Reserve Board, but most of the leading bankers have realized the danger of such gambling, and have tried to stop it. For the very reason that we have seen too much bullishness, we are likely to see too much bearishness. a a a A Hero of Science Because life is man’s basic right, disease is his worst enemy. Without life, liberty means nothing and the pursuit of happiness i<s impossible. This much it is necessary to understand in order to appreciate the work of men like Dr. Hideyo Noguchi who died In Africa last Monday, a martyr to his profession, a voluntary victim of the struggle to improve human health. By birth lie was a Japanese and by profession a scientist, but in his ; aims and ideals he was a citizen of (#3 world and a servant of humanity, which is something that j can be said of very few. Dr. Noguchi might have made a great fortune, as well as a great l name. His superior intelligence was I supplemented by a stupendous j capacity for work. At any time j during the last ten years, he could | have cashed his knowledge and reputation for a prince's ransom j and passed the remainder of his life not only in ease, but without loss of ! honor. That he pursued abstract science to uncover basic principles for other men to apply, shows that he possed a deep character, as well as a deep mind. That he lost his life in the effort, shows the kind of risk he took and the kind of courage with which he faced it. tt m Cost of Knowledge Science is built on sacrifice. It not only costs to learn things, but the things we learn involve i more cost. Every new trade is the product of study and experiment, and every new trade has its secrets. Thousands of men have gone hungry to perfect the automobile and other thousands are being crushed to death under its wheels. Who thought when the radium watch came into existence that it would bring with it another fatal malady? The battle for health includes not only the repression of old diseases, but the struggle to overcome new ones. Whether this machine age has bred new tribes of germs, it has created the opportunity for accidents and injuries which did not exist before. The more we know, the more responsibility we must assume. Increased power for evil goes with increased power for good. a tt it Profits in Clime If organized business is good for other industries, it is also good for | crime, as the report of the Illinois 1 Association for Criminal Justice | with regard to conditions in Chi- ! cago plainly reveals. "The reign of power of real ; leaders of organized crime in the | city of Chicago," says the report, “is longer and more secure than I that of many of our college presi- ; dents,” and, it might have added, pays better. That the business pays well is suggested by the charge that a coalition of gambling rings, bootleggers and political has made an anuual net profit of $13,000,000 during the last twenty years. The discouraging thought is not that criminals should organize and flourish, but that they should be able to corrupt the law enforcing machinery. The problem not only for Chicago, but for the entire country to solve is how to restore a sense of common honesty in official life. Organization of vicious elements is made possible not so much be--cause of their power, as because they are not being combated In a square, straight-forward way. Back of the dive, the speakeasy, the debauched primary and the oil scandal, lurks the sinister shadow of graft, corruption and official dishonesty.

This Date in U. S. History

May 23 1683—Appeal to the king in matters involving less than 100 pounds sterling forbidden in Virginia. 1701—William Kidd, American pirate, executed. 1788—South Carolina ratified the Constitution. 1912—U. S. House of Representa- • tives passed the Panama bill.