Indianapolis Times, Volume 40, Number 2, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 May 1928 — Page 4

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What Was Back of It? A United States Court of Appeals in Cincinnati has decided that Mrs. Alice Gray Kales of Detroit, is entitled to return of $2,627,000 additional taxes she paid two years ago upon her profits of 19X9, when she sold her stock in the Ford Motor Car Company to Henry Ford. This decision follows that of the United States Board of Tax Appeals that Senator Couzens and others who sold out to Ford at the same time need not pay $30,000,000 additional taxes. Mrs. Kales chose to pay her assessment and go to court to ask its return. The Couzens group contested payment. The two decisions —that of an appeals court and of the appeals tax board—coming so close together, show that there was little real basis for the Treasury’s attempt to collect the huge additional sum. They lend point to Senator Couzen’s contention that the attempted assessments were to be a fine for hia political irregularity and a punishment for his investigation of the Internal Revenue Bureau. They should encourage the Senate to authorize the investigation asked by Senator La Follette of the circumstances surrounding the whole transaction. The Pacifist Bugaboo “The voice of the pacifist is certainly vociferous In the land,” ironically remarks the Army and Navy Journal, ridiculing the World Conference on International Justice,” to be held in Cleveland from May 7 to 11 under auspices of the American Peace Society. What gives a certain importance to this periodical’s opinion is the fact that it claims to be the “spokesman of the services.” True friends of the Army and Navy very properly will object to this being represented as opposed to any sincere effort in the direction of international justice and world peace. For the day that American public opinion becomes convinced that the services are opposed to legitimate efforts of this kind, that day can be chalked up as bringing genuine disaster. What will be done at Cleveland we have no way of knowing. The purpose of the American Peace Society, as defined by itself, is “to prevent the injustices of war by extending the methods of order and reasonable settlememnt among the nations, and to educate the peoples everywhere to realization of international justice, fair play and law.” We, have known many Army and Navy officers in our time, but we yet have to hear one oppose honorable peace. President Coolidge has urged world peace alcng these lines repeatedly since he came into office. Secretary of State Kellogg now is attempting to outlaw war and recently he signed a treaty of arbitration with France, having some such idea in mind. It may be that peace through international justice is Just a beautiful dream which imperfect humanity never will quite realize. Certainly it sometimes seems a long way off, which Is why this newspaper yields to none—not even to the Army and Navy Journal—in its advocacy of an adequate national defense. Nevertheless, that is no reason why we should not try, with all our might and main, to achieve it, and no one should hamper such efforts by their jeers, the services’ friends least of all. While, we repeat, we lack the faintest idea of what the Cleveland conference will accomplish, it has our best wishes. President Coolidge is honorary chairman of the national centennial celebration committee—the American Peace Society is 100 years old this year —and we do not remember ever having heard him called a pacifist. Representative Theodore E. Burton of Ohio is chairman and not only has he been in Congress many years, but various American presidents have appointed him to represent the United States abroad, admittedly with credit. A vice chairman is Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War, under whom millions of doughboys enlisted to fight in an overseas war. Peace lovers, yes, but no pacifists there. Among the world statesmen invited to attend are Sir Austen Chamberlain, British minister of foreign affairs; Aristide Briand, French foreign minister; Gustave Stresemann, German foreign minister; Ignace Paderewski, former premier of Poland; Count Paul Claudel, French ambassador; Sir Esme Howard, British ambassador; Baron De Martino, Italian ambassador, and many others, some of whom will be present and some not, but none of whom, to our knowledge, has a pacifist reputation. On the whole, we feel confident that our Army and Navy officers need not cancel their orders for summer uniforms because of the Cleveland parley. Their jobs are safe a little while longer, regardless of what their "spokesman” may say.

China Ablaze Once again a highly explosive situation, extremely dangerous to international peace, is flaming up in China, where the bloodiest civil war in years is raging between the North and the South. Fighting has broken out between the Japanese and Chinese at Tsi-Nanfu, capital of the province of Shantung, and reports have it that some fifty Japaneses soldiers and civilians have been killed with approximately 600 casualties among the Chinese. Gravity is added to the incident by reason of the fact that several days ago the Southern, or Nationalist, Chinese charged that Japan was attempting to block their drive on Pekin, now only 275 miles away across an inviting plain. The world even then was warned of possible "untoward developments.” Whether there is any truth in the charges or not, at least some color is lent them by the attitude of the Japanese. Jekln is the headquarters of Marshal Chang Tso-Lin, Northern dictator, for years recipient of the open support of Japan, from which country he has been supplied with money and munitions, along with military and financial advisers. Shortly after the Nationalist drive northward got under way, about 6,000 Japanese troops were hurried Into Shantung, a large proportion of them being stationed at Tsinanfu. Whereupon summary orders were issued to both Chinese factions not to molest the Shantung Railway —the 260-mile branch line collecting Tsinanful with Talngtao, the Shantung port, where Japan claims special Interests — and to keep the trains running and apMt to foreign travel. Such an order manifestly was difficult for the ftationlist general, Chiang Kai-Shek, to keep, even

The Indianapolis Times . (A SCBIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and publiched daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents—lo cents a week; elsewhere. 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON. Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. MONDAY, MAY 14. 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

had he been willing to comply. For Shantung and its capital, stood right in the middle of his road to Pekin, the goal of his drive, and it was a strategic necessity for him to-control them. So Tsinanfu w T as occupied by the Nationalists several days ago.' And, according to first reports emanating from that city, perfect order prevailed. Then came the news of the sudden clash with the Japanese, the Chinese claiming the Japanese were obstructing their legitimate war moves, the Japanese asserting the trouble was begun by Chinese looters. Whatever brought it on, the incident can and may develop into something far more serious. Already propagandists are broadcasting the impression that the events of Tsinanfu were of an anti-foreign nature, though this version fails utterly to dovetail with General Chiang Kai-Shek’s explicit orders at the beginning of the that foreigners and their property were to be respected scrupulously. Nor should we forget that at the time of the Nanking inciaent, last year, we heard the same thing. We were urged to join the other great powers in giving the Chinese a licking, because they were about to massacre all foreigners. Everybody now knows this was sheer buncombe. Nevertheless, the present situation is brimful of peril. Two Chinese forces are contending for the possession of Peking, the capital, and when foreigners some of them armed, thrust themselves in between, they are inviting trouble, to say the least. When There’s a Fight On Various organizations interested in citizenship are getting busy again, in an earnest effort to get out the vote. Disturbed by the fact that about half of the eligible voters in this country usually fail to vote, an educational campaign is on to teach voters their duty. While these educators in citizenship mean well and have the best of patriotic intentions, it seems 1 to us they are going about it in the wrong way. Few | voters will take the trouble to vote just because somebody tells them it is their duty. Not many of us like to do something as a duty. We prefer to do the things we want to do, and don’t i think it is anybody’s business whether we do them or not. Voters will vote when they want to vote. They will want to vote when there is something they want to vote for or against. Many get more of a kick out of voting against somebody or something than out of voting for them. Often our hates are more vigorous than our loves. People will vote when there’s a real fight on, either between men or principles. Lots of them won’t vote when they don’t know what they are vot- , ing for or against. Many of them don’t know the ! difference, if there is any, between the two parties. Some of them don’t see anything more interesting or exciting in a political campaign than a scrap between two sets of political machines for jobs. There may be a big vote next November, but not because of preaching at voters that it is their duty to vote. It will be because two positive and high-class individuals are rival candidates. If Hoover and Smith are the candidates it will be a hot campaign, the voters will become interested, get stirred up and go to the polls to vote for or | against Hoover or Smith; and there won’t be much ! interest in the two platforms. It will be more the interest some people show in a fight between two heavyweights. The human animal still loves a fight. Storks were frozen in a recent blizzard in Poland, says a dispatch. Sometimes the stork gets a chilly reception in this country, too.

■ David Dietz on Science Cruising Five Oceans No. 49 ON May 1, the non-magnetlc ship Carnegie sailed away from the Seventh St. wharves of Washinton, D. C., under the command of Capt. P. J. Ault. It will be three years before the Carnegie returns to Washington. During those three years, the Carnegie will steer a zigzag course up and down the five oceans of the world. Studies of the utmost importance to the world will be made during those three years. There will be

THE. CA&NtC'll ' .

their effect upon life in the ocean will also receive careful attention. The Carnegie sailed under the direction of the department of terrestrial magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Dr. Louis A. Bauer is director of the department and Dr. John A. Fleming is assistant director. The department maintains a large laboratory in the city of Washington. In addition, it maintains a number of smaller laboratories and field stations in various parts of the world. This writer has visited the Washington laboratory of the department on a number of occasions, viewing the research work in progress and talking about the problems being studied with Dr. Bauer, Dr. Fleming and other members of the staff. He has also visited the Carnegie and talked with Capt. Ault. During the next month, this column will be devoted to telling about the work of the department and his staff, the history of the Carnegie's past voyages and the plans for the present one. The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism is only one of the many activities of the Carnegie Institution in Washington. Among its other important activities are the Mt. Wilson Observatory in California, the Desert Laboratory at Tucson, Ariz., the Geophysical Laboratory in Washington, the Nutrition Laboratory in Boston and the Department of Embryology at Baltimore. It has many investigations under way and research workers in many parts of the world. Dr. John C. Merriam is president of the Carnegie Institution. One of the most interesting researches under the direction of the institution in recent years has been the archeological investigations, headed by Dr. Sylvanus G. Morley, into the ancient Hayan civilization of Central American.

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LUDWELL DENNY THERE is as much public disagreement over Secretary Mellon’s statement supporting Hoover’s presidential candidacy as there was over the Coolidge I-don’t-clioose statement. That is natural, because Mellon and his seventy-nine | Pennsylvania delegates hold the bali ance of power and probably will pick ! the winner at Kansas City. I Hoover’s friends interpret the j statement to mefen that Mellon I definitely is out for Hoover and that therefore the race practically is over. a tt tt The anti-Hoover alliance—LowI den, Dawes, Curtis, Watson —say the real meaning of Mellon’s words is j that he expects to draft Coolidge. | This conflict of interpretation is ! stimulated by the fact that Mellon | made two statements—one formally, | and the other informally—to the ! press. In the first the Secretary of the Treasury, addressing the joint meetiing of the Pennsylvania State Republican committee and national convention delegation, said: “We hear much talk of the various candidates and of their policies. ! Among them all Mr. Hoover seems i to come closest to the standard that we set for this high office, between now and the convention, however, I recommend that we hold ourselves unpledged and uncommitted to any particular candidate.” Most of this statement was devoted to praise of Coolidge policies and the necessity of making them the platform for the next campaign. a a Later, Mr. Mellon, under crossexaminat on by correspondents, Is reported to have said: “It is not certain that Mr. Coolidge will not consent to the use of his name. The President may be a candidate.” Hence the interpretation of Senator Jim Watson of Indiana, favorite son candidate and member of the anti-Hoover alliance, who said. “Doubtless if Secretary Mellon were unreservedly for Herbert Hoover’s nomination, he would have said so in unequivocal terms, and would have insisted upon an endorsement of him by the delegation . . . Secretary Mellon delivered quite a eulogy on President Coolidge, and, putting the various parts of the statement together, I construe it to be in effect an endorsement of President Coolidge by Secretary Mellon and literally a request for his nomination.” Balancing this are the interpretations of Senator Borah and Senator Norris, who have presidential endorsements of their own States, that Mellon’s statement seems to ndicate he is for Hoover.

OUT of this confusion certain factors are fairly plain to neutral observers: 1. In suddenly breaking his policy of silence and naming Hoover j as the best present candidate, Mellon has given the Hoover candidacy the biggest boost since the Ohio and Massachusetts primaries, and has more than counter-acted the psychological effect of Hoover’s close defeat under heavy odds in the Indiana primary. 2. In insisting that Coolidge policies must continue the party platform, Mellon has blackballed not only Lowden and the western favorite sons campaigning on the anti-Coolidge platform of McNaryHaugen farm relief, but also Vice President Dawes. 3. In approving Hoover, but definitely refusing to commit his delegation to Hoover’s candidacy, Mellon has left the dooropen for a possible Coolidge candidacy. 4. This statement is curiously parallel with the statements and acts of President Coolidge. designed to eliminate himself from the race in favor of the leading candidate, Hoover, but which do not prevent definitely the President from running if an “emergency” arises. It would appear that both the President and Mellon are aiding and Will continue to aid Hoover, in the sincere hope and belief he will get the nomination. But it also appears that, if through some unexpected development at Kansas City. Lowden or Dawes were to become dangerous contenders, the President might be called on by Mellon to “rise to the emergency.” If this is a correct estimate of the situation, and it is difficult to find any other tenable explanation for Mellon’s support without commitment for Hoover, the Hoover managers have reason to be much happier about it than their enemies.

studies which are not only important for the scientists but important t o the navigator, the fisherman and the economist. Flue tuations of the compass will be studied and mapped. Fluctuations in the atmospheric electricity will also be studied. Conditions in the ocean and

This Date in U. S. History

May 14 1501—Amerigo Vespucci sailed on third voyage along coast of Brazil. 1787—National Constitutional Convention assembled at Philadelphia. 1804—Lewis and Clarke started on their exploration of the northwest. iß6l—Mail w r as withdrawn from a number of southern routes.

BRIDGE ME ANOTHER (Copyright. 1928. by The Ready Reference Publishing Company) BY W. W. WENTWORTH

(Abbreviations: A—ace; K—king: Q—queen: .?—Jack; X—any card lower than 10.) 1. In determining the value of your hand, why is your position at thre table important? 2. Is J X normal expectancy? •3. Is a singleton Q normal expectancy? THE ANSWERS 1. Hand increases or decreases In value, depending upon whether you v.an play through declarer or whether he can finesse through your high cards. 2. No. - j 3. NO, A

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

NICOLO MACHIAVELLI met Caesar Borgia at linola in June, 1502. The Duke was in the midst of his boldest campaign; he had routed one army after another, captured one stronghold after another, subjected one city after another to his iron sway; within a few months he had conquered half the peninsula, beating a dozen petty States into one kingdom, and dreaming of a united Italy. Duke Valentino, Caesare or Caesar Borgia, was the bastard son of Pope Alexander VI; an ex-Cardinal who had renounced holy orders for the delights of war and murder. Giorgione (is it?) has painted him for us; black-haired, black-bearded, black - moustached. black - eyed, handsome and terrible, his clenched fist symbolizing him, and his gaze j fixed upon a distant' purpose which will justify to him any means. One of the governors whom he leaves over subjected cities abuses the power delegated to him; the next morning the governor lies in a gutter cut in half. Four captains take advantage of a temporary relapse in Borgia’s for- , tunes, rebel against him, and conspire to betray him to the enemy; he discovers the plot, invites them to a conference, surrounds them, kills them piecemeal, and hangs their bodies, naked, in the street. Others he treats more leniently, giving them, at a feast, a venenum atterminatum, a gentle poison timed to work only after several hours have elapsed. tt a a AND Machiavelli, who is only a philosopher, w'hat is he doing with such a man? For he is all the world different from the conqueror; he has the face of a saint, though the appearances are deceptive; certainly a meditative face, given to pondering even in the midst of action! if he, too. loves a life of action it is wistfully and enviously, as one who knows that nature has troubled him with too much thought for decisive leadership. Intellectuals are like madmen; they dream of being Napoleons. He is of good family, though his name (originally Malchlavelli) means Bad Nails; his father was a member of the landed aristocracy but preferred obscurity in Floience

1. The idea of letter golf is to change one word to another and do it in par, or a given number of strokes. Thus, to change COW to HEN in three strokes, COW, HOW, HEW HEN. 2. You can change only one letter at a time. 3. You must have a complete word of common usage for each jump. Slang words and abbreviations don’t count. 4. The order of letters can not be changed.

Machiavelli Prays for Armed Italy

BI A B [~Y~ i i ~D~ Q j U L

l | o | v nr _L 1 V E. _L 1 C E_ LF G K s i “cTk 1

Bringing in a Gusher

THE STORY OF CIVILIZATION

Written for The Times by Will Durant

to a desolate supremacy in his village. Nicolo is now forty-two, for three years he has been secretary of the committee of Ten on War, and in general secretary to the Republic of France. Already his head is a little bald, and his hair considerably gray; for as the most conscious man in his city, knowing all history and all politics, lie is already marked w r ith cares of office, and an excessive knowledge of the ways of men. A slightly cynical, but not bitter, smile runs between his thin lips and his small bright eyes; it is quite a human, not a Machiavellian smile. His friends will tell you that he is the best story-teller in Florence; he has in this field the dubious reputation that Lincoln will have, ana desenes it better. The \axer ladies of Florence frequently entertain him. And * ow what does he say to this embattled buccaneer whose doings he has been sent to report? Does he denounce him as a villian against whom Florence must arm to preserve its liberties? No. “He is a right splendid and magnificent Prince,” Nicolo to the City Council; “in arms so enterprising that there is no great deed but seems small to him; and in glory or gain of a state he resteth never, nor knows peril or weariness; he comes betimes to a place, when no man knows yet what enterprise he leaves; of his soldiery he is'loved, and of the best and most picked men of Italy; these things make him triumphant and redoubtable, combined with unending good fortune.” o ss ti THERE is only one thing in the world that Nicolo admires more than Borgia, and that (barring himself) is Italy; “I love my country more than my very soul.” And what he hates most is the disunion of Italy, its division into a score of “sovereign” (i. e. warring) states; he perceives the coming of

Marian Leader-Tribune The Democratic party wants Frank Dailey as its candidate for Governor. The majority of the peaple of Indiana want him. The tremendous lead which he received in the recent primary is an indication of his popularity. He did not get a majority of votes cast, but, with the large field of candidates, such a showing would have been almost impossible. There were in some counties almost as many candidates as there were voters. But the sensational plurality of Mr. Dailey is convincing to the rank and file of the party, including those who voted for other candidates. It should be convincing to the opponents of Mr. Dailey. All of them should gracefully retire in favor of the popular choice, and in the convention vote to make his nomination unanimous. Frank Dailey is ejean, courageous, capable, honest and industrious. He is a great lawyer and he is even more, a great citizen. He is just the man needed to redeem Indiana, and his election will turn anew page in the history of the State. Once again, when this happens, we can hold our heads and our shoulders erect and be unashamed. The situation Is a challenge to the opponents of Mr. Dailey in the primary. They have an opportunity to do a great, patriotic service to their party, to the State and all the people of the State. Wo believe John E. Fredrick, second to Mr. Dailey in the voting, will be among the first to appreciate his responsibility and his duty. Mr. Fredrick would have been an ideal candidate. He would have easily won with different conditions. But the people believed Frank Dailey is the best-qualified to deal with the present intolerable situation. And the Democrats, Mr. Fredrick among them, realize the great opportunity which is facting the party in the coming election. As one ol those who voted lor Mr.

nationalism, of great states like Germany and France; he invites the formation of a compact patriotism in the north, and asks what Italy will do in the hour of attack and invasion ’if her people have learned to love and defend only a small portion of her soil? What would he not give to make Italy one? Being at heart a Rabelaisian heretic, he does not for a moment consider the possibility of uniting Italy under the papacy; on the contrary, he believes that the policy of the popes, “to divide and rule,” to maintain pupal ascendancy in temporal by playing off one Italian state against another, has been the central cause of national disintegration; and beneath this he sees a cause still more fundamental, and that is the Christian exaltation of humility. “Our religion has glorified men of humble and contemplative life, rather than men of action. It has placed the summon bonum in humility, in lowliness, and in contempt of earthly things; paganism placed it in high-mindedness, in bodily strength, and in all other things which men make strongest. And if our religion requires us to have any strength in us, it calls upon us to be strong to suffer rather than to do.” Asked, over an inn-table, what his plan for Italy was, he traced on the cloth a banner with this strange device; “Italy united, armed, and unfrocked.” He prays for a standing army, every citizen with a gun; for a nation defended not by cowardly mercenaries, but by men fighting for their homes; and for a leader who will discipline these individualistic Italians into some obedience, some unity, and some power. He is the Nietzsche of the Renaissance, and Caesar Borgia is his Napolean. (Copvrljjht. 1928. bv Will Durant) (To Be Continued)

With Other Editors

Fredrick in the primary, the writer feels he has a right to be candid, and to present the state of facts as he actually believes them to exist. We hope the very sincerity of our appeal will impress every candidate for governor in the recent primary.

j&our

STORY OF THE MAPLE It is said the sugar of the maple was first discovered by the squaw of Woksis. a mighty hunter. One day when her kettle of meat overturned in the fire, she was fearful her lord would be angry at the delay, and filled the kettle with maple sap from a trough near by instead of running to get water for it. To her dismay the sap boiled down and the meat was a sizzling, sticky mess, ruined she feared. But Woksis munched away on it in silent delight and then made haste to tell the other braves of the wonderful sweet discovered by his squaw. The hard or sugar maple produces not only sugar but an excellent lumber much in demand for flooring, particularly in such places as dance halls, bowling alleys, skating rinks and shops. In the United States there ?ire thirteen species of maples. Os these sugar maple is by far the most important as well as the most abundant. Other maples of commercial importance, commonly called soft maples, are silver maple, red maple, boxelder and big-leaf maple. Some 200 uses of maple have been listed. Figured maple, including bird’s-eye, wavy and curly maple, is highly prized for furniture, interior finish and musical instruments. In 1924, 35,000,000 pounds of maple sugar were produced from some 15,000,000 trees, j

MAY 14, 1928

M. E. TRACY SAYS: “The Propaganda Coming From Rome Represents a Far More Serious Threat to Our Institutions Than That Coming From Moscow

DY a majority of nearly four to one, the Italian Senate passed a bill which deprives the people ol their right to expect deputies to Parliament and assigns that important task to corporations of trade unions. The bill must pass the Chamber of Deputies to become a law, but no one doubts that it will. Mussolini has gone far enougli with his program for the destruction of democracy to make public opinion of no consequence even in the legislature of the land. What he says is law. Letting it be confirmed by Parliament is a mere formality. tt tt tt El Duce, the Despot Mussolini does not relieve it democratic Government. “Popular sovereignty,” lie describes as a “dire fiction.” Tho right of universal suffrage appeals to him as of small consequence, and the constitution, he puts aside as an “empty sepulcher,” when it interferes with his plans. He crushes those who disagree with his views, either by pointing cut the commercial success of his administration, or with a dose of castor oil. Like most men of his type, he believes in despotism because he wants to be a despot, making no allowance for the circumstances which created the opportunity for his appearance, or what will happen when he passes out of the picture. His ideas of what a Government should be do not extend beyond the kind of Governments he has found it possible to run. Having become a dictator, he assumes that dictatorship is the proper thing. Jt n a War for Democracy? Is it not curious that a war “to I save the world for democracy” I should result in two such formidable anti-democratic experiments as j Mussolini and Bolshevism? Is it not even more curious that while able to recognize the latter in its true character many Americans should be blind to the object cf the former respecting the kind of government in which they have been taught to believe? If anything, Mussolini is more undemocratic in his philosophy than was Lenin, and has been more successful in setting up institutions designed to discredit it. tt ts a Success for Tyranny Italy may have become, prosperous under Mussolini’s management, but if so, nothing of great, importance has been proved, except that a well ordered despotism is better than chaos. Admitting that Italy needed a strong government, it might have come through , strong democratic leaders as well as through a tyrant. tt tt Future Rule in Doubt The chief point to remember regarding Italy’s present condition is that Mussolini happened to step on the stage at a psychological moment and that by nature he happened to be an autocrat. The happy economic result thus far accomplished by his administration should not blind any one to the unhappy political results which are bound to ensue. In the long run, people love liberty better than any other human possession and will sacrifice moro to gain or regain it. a a tt Same Old Story Italy is no more infatuated with Mussolini today than France was with Napoleon 125 years ago, nor has Musso'ini offered more convincing preof of his ability to organize and rehabilitate a demoralized country. His chatter about the failure of democratic government, the futility of universal suffrage, the inefficiency of popular rule and the folly of party systems is all old stuff. He is saying nothing that most European statesmen did not say when the United States was established ana he does not say it half as well. • tt tt tt Just the same, a good many Americans are impressed with his arguments and still more impressed by the way he has helped business. The propaganda coming from Rome represents a far more serious threat to our institutions than that coming from Moscow. For every parlor Bolshevist in the United States, there a dozen parlor fascists, and the worst of it is they belong to classes of people who ought to know better. tt tt a Test of Endurance Democracy is still on trial not only in Europe but right here. Great as tills Nation has become, it has not finished its career. Having proved its capacity to progress, it must now prove its capacity to endure. The temptations of tyranny are much stronger and subtler than those of liberalism. It requires little imagination to realize that we are gradually yielding to them. Blacklists, censorship and inhibitions, not only as practiced by various societies and organizations, but as they are creeping into our law, show plainly which way the wind blows. Easy enough to keep the Constitution and wave the flag on the Fourth of July, but can we hold the doors open for a free conscience and a free expression of puDlic opinion, or will we get scared in some tense moment, bang them shut to keep out the noise, hide under the bed and go the Mussolini way?