Indianapolis Times, Volume 39, Number 316, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 May 1928 — Page 4

PAGE 4

The Indianapolis Times (A SCEITPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos., 214-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County, 2 cents—lo cents a week; elsewhere. 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRA NIC G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. TUESDAY, MAY 1. 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau or Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”

SCKIf’PJ-ttOH’AJtO

The Clean-Up Every one agrees that Indiana Is due for a “•clean-up.” Three months ago. thp demand was very general. It had the powerful support oE the Indianapolis Star and the Indianapolis News in this city. They, rather belatedly, but very vociferously, said that the disgrace of Indiana must be wiped out. They are not so sure now. The people are still for that redemption of the State and this is especially true of the great body of men and women who vote the Republican ticket as a matter of principle and who believe that the ideals of Lincoln and Roosevelt should be firmly defended. But as the primaries approach, the same old machine which produced those who disgraced the State is operating and is again offering some of the same men and the same sort of candidates. Senator James E. Watson was heralded as the man who could do the job. lie is making a pretense of running for the presidency. It is a matter of common knowledge that as a real candidate, he would have no support. He has a following, only through his bargainings with State candidates and because he is represented, quietly, as the representative of either Dawes’ or Lowden. Just as he was silent in 1926 when the storm clouds hovered, just as he then declared that there was nothing to investigate, he now tries to turn the attention of the Indiana voters away from the campaign for decency by declaring that “guilt is personal.” Guilt has been very personal, but the persons who have been guilty have been the ones elected and placed in power by the machine which now has its combine of candidates. Clyde Walb, who as State chairman two years ago, waged the campaign for Senators Watson and Robinson, will receive the returns this year at Leavenworth, Kan. Governor Jackson has not been invited to take an active part, in this campaign. Two years ago he was the foremost advocate of Robinson, whom he first appointed, and of Watson, with whom he had friendly political relations. Since then he has pleaded the statute of limitations to retain his liberty and—God save the mark—his job. Former Mayor Duvall was on the firing line two years ago. He now has his eyes turned to the Supreme Court and wondering whether he will go to jail or get anew trial. Six councilmen were terrorizing the police and fire departments and city employes for the machine two years ago. They bargained their jobs tnd pleaded guilty to small crimes in order to escape prison sentences. These men were the sources of power for candidates who are now asking for aid. They were all for Congressman Updike, Kvhosc written contract to deliver all patronage and the postmastersliip of Indianapolis to Stephenson, reposes in the black boxes. They were all for Watson two years ago. They were all for Robinson, into whose household went a Christmas present of a pearl necklace from Stephenson. They were all for Schortemeier when he ran for Secretary of State. If there is to be a clean-up in Indiana, perhaps some genius will explain how it can be done by a machine which profited so much from the inflflueflnflce of the “personally guilty.” The G-. 0. P.’s Only Chance It may be that the so-called leaders of the Republican party don’t want a man like Hoover as a candidate for president. We don’t know. It may be that the rank-and-file Republicans are foolish in preferring a candidate with an engineering type of mind. They may prefer a politically minded candidate, of the Harding type. We don’t know. They may like a convention that is manipulated Ipy political bosses. They may like manipulated deadlocks and secret candidates, hand picked by bosses and campaign contributors. We don’t know. They may like the payment of convention debts by scandalous deals like Tea Pot Done, Elks Hill, the Veterans’ Bureau and the Alien Property Custodian. We don’t know. They may like poker games in the little Green House on K St., and the settlement of political obligations by the distribution of Governmental favors. We don’t know. They may like Republicanism as exemplified by Sinclair, Daugherty, Fall, Denby, young Roosevelt, W. J. Burns and Jess Smith. We don’t know. But we do know this—that the great mass of citizens in this republic who qualify as Republicans, who don’t make their living out of poliltcs, but who are sincerely honest in their devotion to the political principles of Hamilton, Lincoln and the real Roosevelt, want clean, honest government in the interest of all the people of the United States. And we know also that if there is in 1928, a repetition of the midnight bedroom tactics of 1920, with the nomination of a Lowden or a Dawes, or any other candidate picked to play the selfish game of big campaign contributors, A1 Smith will be carried into the White House by one of the most amazing majorities in the history of American politics. The Republican answer to political corruption is Hoover. The way to clean house by the Republican party la to nominate Hoover. The only chance Republicans have to win is with Hoover. He may not beat. Governor A1 Smith, Jmt if Hoover can’t beat 6m{th nobody can.

The People Should Know The question oE whether Rev. E. S. Shumaker, head of the Anti-Saloon League, violated the corrupt practices act when he reported Attorney General Gilliom as oE record” will be settled in the courts. The question oE ivlicther his listing is true or false is one which should be settled before the primary. There are very many voters in this State who have in the past accepted the report of the dry leader without question and have cast their ballots upon his advice. It may he quite properly suggested to Dr. Shumaker that he owes those who trust to his advice and counsel the proof which will he a basis for further confidence and that he should welcome the warrant issued for his arrest as a magnificent opportunity to increase that confidence. In a criminal court the question can be settled by evidence, not by opinion or prejudice. Under the law, Dr. Shumaker carries the presumption of innocence into the courtroom. By bringing his charge the burden is upon Mr. Gilliom to prove, by evidence, that his record is not wet but, as he asserts, dry. He must, moreover, prove it beyond all “reasonable doubt.” There is even more reason for a trial of this case before the primaries on next Tuesday than there was two years ago for a decision of the Supreme Court on the Shumaker contempt case before the election. In this particular case, Dr. Shumaker can, in all probability, determine the time and his friends and admirers would undoubtedly welcorrie a trial which would give Ihem the evidence and all the evidence. It is not a question of vindication of either Gilliom or of Shumaker, but of truth upon which many voters may base their ballots. Postoffice Censorship Tested What right the Postoffice Department has to impose a censorship on opinions expressed on the outside of envelopes at last has come directly before the courts. The right to forbid matter which is “defamatory, obscene or scandalous” is not questioned. The right to say, “Visit our sunny Southland” is admitted. But the right to say, “Protest against marine rule in Nicaragua,” is challenged by the postal authorities and mail has been excluded because of these words stamped on the envelope. So the Postoffice Department has been dragged into court at the instance of the American Civil Liberties Union, and Judge Thatcher of the United States District Court, on April 13, listened to arguments for and against. United States Attorney 'Tuttle, who attempted a defense of the postal authorities, did not claim that the words were strictly within the prohibition of the statute, but fell back on a general argument that the words are “part of a scheme to destroy a part of the Government and undermine the loyalty of its troops.” Arthur Garfield Hays called attention to the fact that many people, including the chairman of the Foreign Affairs committee of the United States Senate, have protested against marine rule in Nicaragua, and that the administration had promised to withdraw the marines as soon as practicable. Judging from the trouble the photographers had in reaching Greenly Island, that would be a good place for an oil witness to spend a vacation.

—— ——David Dietz on Sc’cnee ■—- Mars Is Storm Center No. 38

FEW questions have received more discussion than that of the inhabitability of the planet Mars. Those who enjoy discussions will be pleased to know that the discussions can go merrily on. For the question is not yet settled. Dr. Henry Norris Russell, head of the Princeton University Observatory and research association of the

Mt. Wilson Observatory, is one of the world’s chief astonomical authorities. He sums up the recent studies of the planet by saying that they make the probability of the planet being inhabited greater But he empTiasizes the fact that the question is not yet settled because whether or not

r—r^ —I i

the planet is actually inhabited is still unknown. The planet Mars was known to the ancients. The Romans noted its reddish color and named it after their god of war. The Romans built many temples to the god of war. The planet changes its color, ranging from a reddish yellow to a flaming red. As its color grows more fiery, the planet also seems to grow larger in the sky. At times it glows like a fiery red lamp. To the ancients and even down through the Middle 9ges to comparatively recent times, these changes were regarded with fear and foreboding. In 1719 Mars shone with unusual intensity and brilliance and as a result many people were worried. Mars, terrible disasters and even the end of the world were predicted at the time. But today we know what causes these changes in the appearance of Mars. The appearance of Mars depends upon how close it is to the earth. Both the earth and Mars are revolving around the sun. Now when they are both on the same side of the sun, they will be fairly close together. But if the earth is on one side of the sun and Mars is on the ether, then they will be very far apart. The motions of Mars are of considerable interest because our chances of observing the planet are best when it makes its closest approach to the earth. Therefore, let us next consider, in detail, some of the facts about the motions of this planet.

.THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

KEEPING UP With THE NEWS

BY LtJDWELL DENNY '"|~'HIS international labor day finds the organized working class of the world divided by internal strile and with less power than at any time since the war, according to reliable reports to Washington. Labor's weakness is probably only temporary, to be followed by militant attack against the capitalist system of industry and government in various parts of the world, in the judgment of many observers. The next labor offensive—by the Communist left wing, the Socialist center, and right wing unions—is expected to center on the issue of “imperialism,” especially British policy in the Near and Far East and United States policy in the Caribbean and South America. Though the three chief “wings” of labor’s world “army” are no nearer than ever to the long-sought “united front,” they are said to be developing from different angles and for different reasons toward the same anti-imperialist tactics. For the moment, however, officials of this and most other countries are not alarmed by any immediate industrial or political threat by the relatively weak left wing extremists. n n tt TN the United States, the Workers’ (Communist) party has fallen to a membership of less than 12,000, or about half its strength of five years ago. It has lost much of its former hold on the needle trades, and is making slow progress in its attempts to “bore irom within” the miners' union. The I. W. W. retains a hold on migratory workers of the Middle West and Pacific Coast, and upon the remnant of the radical miners’ union of the Rocky Mountain area; but it apparently has no hope of becoming an inclusive national organization. The moribund Socialist party is! attempting anew birth in which the old Marxist dress of “class war” is discarded for an American “industrial democracy” aim and method. Nomination this month of Norman Thomas of early American stock and a former parson, as Socialist candidate for President, is a part of this process of “Americanizing” the party. The American Federation of Labor is led by the conservative aids of the deceased Gompers. President Green and his cabinet oppose “industrial unionism,” “sympathetic strikes.” “general strikes” and a political labor party. Injunction abuses by Federal judges are more widespread and restrictive of labor's constitutional rights than ever before, according to the A. F. of L. and nonpartisan investigators. The Farmer-Labor party of the Northwest barely survives through the loyalty of its lone Representative, Senator Shipstead of Minnesota, who has apparently decided not to run on the Republican ticket. ft tt tt IN England, the British labor party has begun to lose by-elections, though it still hopes to beat the tory government and return to power at ’.he general elections next year. Since the abortive general strike a year ago, there is wider cleavage between left and right wing British labor, with the Communist party less effective and the labor party swinging nearer the middle-of-the-road liberals. In France, the Conservative nationalist bloc of Poincare won the general election Sunday. Germany is expected in its election to swing farther toward the bourgeois Republican position, with a loss for the Communists. Similarly ; in Austria, the Socialists controlling | Vienna are unable to extend their j sway. In Italy, Spain, Portugual, Greece, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Poland and Baltic countries varying degrees of “white” dictatorship have suppressed extremist, and in some cases moderate, labor parties and union. u' n tt INVESTIGATION of alleged fraudulent leases and monopoly control by large oil companies in the rich Salt Creek field, adjoining Teapot Dome in Wyoming, has been voted unanimously by the Senate. Most of the leases were made at the close of the Wilson administration. a k tt “The most harmonious Democratic gathering in years” is the general description of the Washington meeting of leaders of that party, which chose Claude G. Bowers of the New York Evening World as keynoter and temporary chairman of the Houston convention. If any of the leaders had doubts about the nomination of A1 Smith, none was able to discover it. Ten years after the World War, Germany is the first nation to accept without reservation the United States’ draft of the multi-lateral treaty expressing abliorence of war.

Times Readers Voice Views

The name and address ot the author must accompany every contribution, but on request will not be published. Letters not .-xceeding 200 words will receive preference. Editor Times: In the Thursday issue of another Indiana daily which is so interested in the welfare of our State ana nation that it is giving about twothirds of it space to boosting Senator Watson’s candidacy will be found the following from Shelbyville, signed “Voter.” “Having had to do with Quakers during the world war. i want to ask what do you think Mr. Hoover would do if he was President, and this country should have to go to war? Would he have to resign?” And just think! What would we do? We’d be licked sure. Thanks, Mr. Voter for the tip and just in the nick of time. Congratulations, Shelbrville. READER. Frankfort, Ind.

the story of civilization Flesh Usurps the Soul in Paintings Written for The Times by Will Durant

PRE-RAPHAELITES YT'OR a century after Giotto the -*• new art produced no such towering figure again; it was an age of experiment, in which oil began to replace fresco, and perspective appeared in the work of Ucello and Masaccio. “Ah, Paolo,” said Donatello to Ucello, “with this perspective you are leaving the substance for the shadow”: how could the great sculptor know that in these shadows and distances lay the promise of Leonardo and Rembrandt? Os Masaccio we know nothing except that in a pitifully brief career 'he was bom in 1402 and died at the age of 26 he did the finest painting between Giotto and Botticelli, and contributed to the Renaissance almost brutal realism that makes him more akin to contemporary art than any of the famous figures that superseded him. Here is his “Adam and Even Expelled from Eden": the two figures, says Tainc, “are Florentines whom he has undraped, the man with slim thighs and blacksmith's shoulders, the woman with short necK and clumsy form, and both with uglyshaped legs: they are artisans... who have not led, like the Greeks, a naked existence, and whose bodies have not been fashioned by gymnastics.” These frescoes in the Church of Carmine at Florence became famous, shocking and fascinating Masaccio's age and the next; almost every great artist came to study them: Verrocchio, Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, Leonardo. Fra Angelico, Fra Lippo Lippi, Fra Bartolomeo. Perugino, and Mfchelangelo himself. But Masaccio died homeless at the age of 26, without a stone to mark his grave. How different is Angelico! There was something hard and Zolaesquc in these frescos, which did not quite express the piety of the age, nor the lust for beauty that fills the Italian soul. No wonder that we find, off on a siding from the main line of Renaissance development, a figure of compensating gentleness, a man left over from an earlier and more believing age, living in the simplicity of Francis devoting his life and his art to the order of which he was a brother, refusing bishoprics and any honor, finding his happiness in painting, over and over again, oldtyle religious figures of the Virgin and her Son. They seem a little absurd to us, these and these Crucifixions, for we no longer share Fra Angelico’s tender faith; but artists, who know better, revel in their delicacy of coloring and profound but quiet feeling; Napoleon had the grace to steal Fra Angelico’s “Coronation of the Virgin.” We cannot understand these pictures because we are once more pagan; we look for splendid bodies, but bodies here do not count, the soul is everything. With Fra Angelico we are still in the Middle Ages. tt tt tt - AND yet, even in the monasteries, the pagan influence of the rediscovery of Greece appears, and the flesh makes itself heard even in the home of the spirit. Art grows out of religion, because profound feeling longs for expression, and faith struggles to give some failform to its imaginings but art grows also, and even more aboriginally, out of desire and love, since all sense of beauty is primitively sexual; therefore a secret hostility lurks between art and piety even when piety is in command. Supernatural religion is too often ascetic and gloomy, while art wishes to be sensuous and joyful; art flourishes best, and religion worst, where the senses have been freed. So we find Fra Bartolommeo, pious Dominican monk, fervent under the influence of Savonarola, suddenly painting a nude St. Sebastian; and so like the very flesh, that women confessed it had suggested evil thoughts to them, whereupon the monk gave orders that it should never be shown again. And here is another monk, Fra Lippo Lippi, os harassed by the fires of Tartarus that in his paintings realism replaces idealism, and the body emerges from the' soul. Fra Lippo escapes periodically from his monastery to indulge in escapades with the looser ladies of Florence; his superiors were shocked, but Lorenzo understanding

‘Birds of a Feather'

love as well as faith and art, took him from his monastery and let him live in the palace of the Medici. Later he made himself a home, of a room or two, with Lucrezia Buti, and, in the intervals of her infidelity, used her as a model for his pictures of the Virgin. Lucrezia had been a nun, vowed like Lippo to chastity; the Pope recognizing the man’s genius, offered to liberate them both from their vows and marry them, but Lippo refused; the reality sufficed him without the form; and love might have bored him had it not been a sin. And so he painted—above all the “Funeral of St. Stephan,” with its glorious heads of Fra Lippo himself, and of his pupil Fra Diamente: and while he lived the life of the world —having all the tribulation of marriage without its respectabilities—he solaced himself with portraits of the saints. a tt tt Andrea del sarto. “the perfect painter” <i! pit tore senza errori), also had. a Lucrezia (Recanati), but married her piously, though she had about as muth culture and refinement as Grethe’s Christiane. She brought her father and her sisters to be supported by him, and Andrea had to work with such haste that he soon lost the perfection that had made his name. This Luc: ezia too became a Virgin under Del Sarto's brush, though sometimes the artist painted her as unblushing as she was. Francis I gave him relief for a time by summoning him to France, senza Lucrezia. but Andrew, unaccustomed to freedom, soon longed for the flesh-pots of his home, and begged permission to return. The King agreed, on the painter's promise to come back, and gave him a considerable sum to buy pictures for him in Florence. Andrea never came back, nor the money, either; Lucretzia had made herself his protectress of them both. When he died at the age of 45 she supported herself for the remainder of her life by selling his pictures; but she won some forgiveness from posterity by refusing to sell his portrait of himself—one of the masterpieces of the renaissance. In Domenico Ghirlandaio the process of secularization seems retarded; the subjects of his pictures are still almost exclusively religous. But the artist now thinks of art first and of religion second; he finds anew joy in the brush quite

Y 1 A I W |~N~ GjA"j P j E~

1. The idea of letter golf is to change one word to another and do it in par, or a given number of strokes. Thus, to change COW to HEN in three strokes, COW, HOW, HEW, HEN. 2. You can change only one letter at a time. 3. You must have a complete word of common usage for each jump. Slang words and abbreviations don’t count. 4. The order of letters can not be changed.

R. I U I S 1 H R U S -T RUNT RAN T_ W A N ~T WA u T

(Courtesy South Bend News-Times*

aside from its use as a stimulus to piety. 1 After spreading great frescoes over the walls of the churches of Santo Trinita and Santa Maria Novella at Florence, Ghirlandaio (so named because his father had been a maker of garlands) expressed the longing that he might have time to paint all the walls of the city. He paid the usual penalty of fertility, and fell into mediocrity; superior critics like Bcrenson look down upon him. and symonds thanks heaven that Ghirlandaio did not have all the time he wanted. Vasari tells a story that shows the waning respect in which the artists held the church. Domenico and his brother David were engaged to paint frescoes at the monastery of Passignano. Dr vid went first, and found the food bad; he warned the abbot that this might do for him, David, but not for his great brother. No improvement coming when Domenico arrived. David threw the soup over the monk, who served them, and “seizing the gx-eat loaf from the board, belabored him in such a fashion that he was carried to his cell more dead than alive.” When the abbot rushed down from bed, and asked the cause of this outrageous disturbance, “David replied. in a fury, bidding him begone from his sight, and declaring the talents of Domenico to be worth more than all the hogs of abbots of his sort that had ever inhabited the monastery. The abbot being thus brought to his senses, did his best from that moment to treat them like honorable men as they were.” (Copyright, 1928. by Will Durant) (To Be Continued)

BRIDGE ME ANOTHER Copyright, 1938. by The Readv Reference Publishing Company) BY W. W. WENTWORTH

(Abbreviations: A — aee: K—kin*; Q—. oueen: J— Jack: X —anv card lower than 10.) 1. What is the quick trick value Os Q J X? 2. What is the quick trick value of K X? 3. What is the quick trick value of K J 10? The Answers 1. One-half. 2. One-half. 3. Three-quarters.

This Date in U. S. History

May 1 1540—DeSoto turned westward front the coast of South Carolina. 1690—First American Congress—a conference of Governors—held. 1847—Cornerstone of the building of the Smithsonian Institutio at Washington laid. 1865—United ' States war debt reached $2,898,549,437. 1877—Horace Greeley nominated for the presidency. 1883—Buffalo Bill's wild west show first appeared.

Questions and Answers

You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or information by writing to Frederick M. Kerbv. Question Editor. The Indianapolis Times. Washington Bureau, 1322 New York Ave., Washington. D. C„ enclosing two cents hi stamps for reply. Medical and lega! advice cannot be given, nor can extended research be made. All other questions will receive a personal reply Unsigned requests cannot be answered All leters are confidential. You are cordially Invited to make use of this free service as often as vou please. EDITOR. Is it correct to use” and” before “etc?” The abbreviation ‘ etc” stands for two Latin words “et cetera,” meaning “and others.” To put “and” before it would be the same as saying “and and so-forth.' Who said “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends?” The quotation is from the words of Jesus Christ quoted in the Bible, John 15:13.

_MA V 1, 1028/

TRAC Y • SAYS: “If the Plea of Insanity as a Defense for Murder Meant Confinement in an Asylum It Would Not Look Half So Good to Defendants and Their Lawyers.”

TNSANITY as a legal defense for *- murder does not solve the social problem. So far as society is concerned, the insane murderer is more dangerous than any other kind because he is more likely to repeat. While it would be futile to punish insane people, the necessity cu confining them is obvious. The idea that acquittal for murder on the ground of insanity should include freedom is preposterous on the face of it, but that is what it is likely to include and that is why insanity is pleaded as a defense so often. a a tt Insanity Popularity j If the plea of insanity as a defense for murder meant confinement in an asy’.um, as it ought, it would not look half so good to defendants and their lawyers. Its popularity rests on the fact j that it can be used as an alibi. Under existing conditions a murderer cah claim that he was crazy I enough to kill a man without in--1 tending to, or without realizing it | was wrong yesterday, but that he I is perfectly normal today and he i can find plenty of experts to prove j it. This aspect of the situation, to- | gether with the nonchalant manI ner in which experts call each other ] liars leaves ordinary people little | choice but to dismiss the matter as j 90 per cent bunk. tt tt tt Juries Bewildered Twelve average men and women sit in the jury box, listening to highbrow verbiage and trying to make something out of it. Perhaps they can. Perhaps they can absorb, assimilate and assort the various theories, speculations and hypothetical questions that are hurled at them in an endless stream of words, i Perhaps they will be able to tell ! which set of experts represents true j science and which is throwing up | a smoke screen for hire. Perhaps | they can sift the result with exact justice, separating truth from hokum and arriving at a conclusion I which will be just. . tt tt tt Expert's Alibi Ready Take the Hickman case, for instance, in which one expert solemnly l proclaimed that pencil marks on the | body of a person afflicted wil a 1 certain type of insanity would turn | red. He said he tried the ex- ! periment on Hickman and that they j did not do so, wherefore the young j man could not be afflicted with that ] type of insanity. Lawyers for the defense demanded a demonstration in open court. Hickman stripped to his waist, the expert drew a letter “H” on his body and contrary to his assertions and expectations, the marks turned a vivid red. The expert was bewildered, of course, but not to such an extent that he was unable to find a | plausible explanation. n a tt Law Dodging Ruses In the case of George Remus, the jury acquitted him of the murder of his wife on the ground that he was insane, though State experts had pronounced him sane. After his acquittal, State experts pronounced him insane and he was sent to an asylum. Now he is trying to gel out. of the asylum on the ground that he is sane, although he was glad enough to be pronounced Insane to escape the consequences of hi* crime. Such antics may represent good law and good science, but they do not appeal to average folks as representing common sense. n n Experts Scare Public The average jury seldom takes expert evidence seriously, not because it is dumb or disinclined, but because the experts leave it no other choice. At the end of most trials where insanity is made an issue, the jury finds itself compelled to throw the expert evidence away. The trouble with expert evidence is that it can prove most any of us insane, which not only makes people skeptical but scares them. ft tt tt Await Further Proof So far as the public is concerned, it recognizes that most every human being does queer things at times and that there is probably no such animal as a perfectly sane man. It believes, however, that a good deal of this queerness is subject to individual control, that the kind of craziness which manifests itself in misconduct could be stopped with the proper will and that the idea that misconduct leads to punishment, helps folks to use their will. The public is perfectly well aware that the latest idea is to regard man as a machine, as a creature of heredity and environment, as an expression of outside influences rather than his inner self, but it accepts the idea with about the same reservations as it accepts jazz and the cubist art. There may be somethin* in the notion, the pubic prefers tc wait until the experts show a reasonable capacity for agreement, at least. How did X-ray get its name? X Is a symbol commonly used liy mathematicians and scientists lo designate an unknown quantity. When Prof. Wilhelm Conrad RoentRen of the University of Wuertz burg, Germany, discovered a nev ray in 1895, he did not knov; exactly what its nature was, so he called it the X-ray and the name has sduck even though the properties c.' th* ray have since been determined.