Indianapolis Times, Volume 39, Number 308, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 April 1928 — Page 4
PAGE 4
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SCRIPPJ-HOWAJtD
Let’s Not Get Off on the Wrong Foot At last the Nicaraguan canal project is showing eigns of life. Almost any day, now, it is expected to reach the floor of the Senate through a resolution framed by Senator Edge, chairman of the committee on interoceanic canals. It already has been ordered favorably reported. .This resolution would authorize the secretary of war to take the necessary steps to determine, first, the most practicable route across Nicaragua; second, the approximate cost of such canal; third, “the cost of acquiring all private rights, privileges and franchises, if any, pertaining to such route,” and, fourth, the possibilities and cost of enlarging the Panama canal to meet the future needs of interoceanic shipping. Senator Edge is of the opinion that the Panama canal will be outgrown within ten years and has told President Coolidge that he favors digging a second canal, across Nicaragua, rather than enlarging Panama. In this he is in line with modoern thought and Jiis resolution is calculated to start the project going. But while the New Jersey Senator is headed in the right direction, is he not overlooking an extremely important diplomatic, or international, angle in his resolution? He speaks of finding out “the cost of acquiring all private rights,” etc., but he either altogether omits mention of the public rights of Costa Rica, Honduras and Salvador, else leaves this phase of the matter too ambiguous to be relished in that part of the world. In other words, it is almost certain that any canal route across Nicaragua would follow the San Juan River for about eighty miles. This river is the boundary between Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Thus, in so far as this particular stretch of the proposed canal —3 concerned, Costa Rica has as much to do with it £as Nicaragua. Furthermore, a naval base in the Gulf of Eonseca forms part and parcel of any Nicaraguan canal project, and Salvador and Honduras have rights in the gulf as paramount as those of Nicaragua. In fact, when the United States acquired the canal and naval base rights from Nicaragua in 1916, the Senate, before it would ratify the treaty, expressly stated that “nothing in said convention is intended to affect any existing right” of Costa Rica, Salvador or Honduras. Thus it occurs to us that if Congress desires all the information necessary to an intelligent discussion of a Nicaraguan canal, first of all it should seek to find out just what the claims of those three republics are and how they can be settled. Moreover, it would be the diplomatic thing to do. Latin America already is accusing us of riding rough shod over her W'ishes, and even her rights, in such matters, so we can not be too circumspect in the present instance. Senator McKellar of Tennessee just has introduced a Nicaraguan canal bill which is more specific regarding the rights of the Central American nations involved. The Senate would do well to incorporate at least that part of the Tennesseean’s measure in the Edge resolution if it intends to pass it. If w'e are going to cut a canal across Nicaragua—and we should—then let’s not start off on the wrong foot.
What Is Patriotism? It there is any way of finding out just what patriotism neans, it might be a good idea to have an authoritative definition. We had a sort of notion that an American citizen could go about his regular business in times of peace, do his duty as a citizen, pay his taxes and his debts, take good care of his family, obey the law and be a pretty acceptable patriot. And then if his country got into war he could do his bit, whether it was buying Liberty bonds, contributing to the war chest, or joining the army, if he was of the proper age for soldiering. Whether his parents, grandparents, or great grandparents were born here or somewhere else didn’t seem to have any important bearing on the matter of his patriotism. It didn’t make any difference what political party he belonged to, or in what church he worshipped God. When one can work or quit, go or stay, be lazy War, the Spanish-American War or the World War, we didn't ask him whether his ancestors fought with Washington in the Revolutionary War, in the FrancoPrussian War, or any other old war. We didn’t hire chemists to analyze his blood to see whether it was red, blue or yellow. If he hung the Axnerican flag outside of his house on the Fourth of July, Armistice Day, Christmas, New Year’s or any other day, we didn’t really care whether it was hung precisely according to flag etiquet or not. The spirit was all right, and that was the main thing, despite any techical error of form. We didn’t expect every American patriot to stand out on the sidewalk in front of his house every morning, noon and night and shout at the top of his voice; “I am a patriot.” If he was on hand and willing when his country called and patriotism was needed, that was enough. We didn't demand a diploma or other credentials, any more than we inspected the color of his skin,, the party tag he wore, or the religion he professed. So it makes us a bit tired when self-appointed, self-anointed censors undertake to tell us how to prove our patriotism and show our reverence for our country and our-flag. We are strong for patriotism, for national defense, for preparedness, for an adequate army and navy, and for loyalty and devotion to our immortal Declaration of Independence and our Constitution. But we are not strong for any class distinctions as to American patriotism based on heredity; and we can’t subscribe to the fiction that nobody can be 100 per cent American unless some ancestor fought in the Revolutionary War, landed on Plymouth Rock, or belongs to the Sons or Daughters of Somebody who did something worth while. Each member of every one of the hereditary societies of sons and daughters of somebody must stand on his own feet in this day and age, and none of them or all of them put together has any right to sit in judgment on the patriotism or Americanism of any of their loyaL American neighbors. * Neither the army nor the navy, neither Congress nor the President, is official custodian of American patriotism. Every loyal American citizen is the custodian of his own patriotism as he is of his own con-
The Indianapolis Times, (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published daily (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos . 214-220 W Maryland Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Price in Marion County. 2 cents —10 cents a weekelsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. FRANK G. MORRISON, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. SATURDAY, APRIL, 21, 1928. Member of United Press, Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. Newspaper Enterprise Association, Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”
science; and he neither wants nor needs the officious, meddling and annoying supervision and censorship of the sons and daughters of anybody. First Engineer Since Washington Washington, the first President, was a civil engineer. , If Hoover should happen to be the next President, he will be the first engineer to occupy the ofHce since Washington. Os the twenty-nine individuals who have been President, twenty-two were lawyers. The first Harrison studied medicine, - but never practiced. Taylor was a cotton planter. Grant was a farmer and real estate dealer. Garfield was a teacher and lawyer. Roosevelt was an author. Johnson stood off by himself, being at one time a journeyman tailor. Wilson was both lawyer Mid educator and Harding was an editor and publisher. It’s a long jump from Washington to Hoover, but there was not another engineer in between. What this country needs now after the World War is what it got in Washington after the Revolutionary War—the engineering type of mind, the builder. The Lady in the Outfield It does seem, sometimes, as if this onrush of women into jobs that have always been traditionally men’s is never, never going to stop. The latest is the worst. Out in lowa a girl has just won the position of rightfielder on a high school baseball team. It’s a regular high school and a regular team; it just happens that the girl is a better player than any of the befys in school. The team, right now, is made up of eight boys and one\girl. That is the sort of thing that makes the male blood run cold. If women can win places on baseball teams nothing is safe. How quaint and old fashioned sounds the old plea that woman's place is in the hornet Woman’s place, nowadays, seems to be wherever she darn pleases to have it. Spring and Traffic Deaths Spurred by a mounting toil of accidents, police in a big middle western city are staging an elaborate “drive” on traffic offenders. A score of extra motorcycle officers are patrolling the streets, and tickets are being handed out at a rate of more than 150 a day. This “drive” will last one month. It’s a good idea—but why end it in a month? Sooner or later we will have to realize that our big city, traffic problem needs the attention of augmented traffic squads all the time, day in and day out. Our total of traffic fatalities is a frightful thing. Every large city owes it to its citizens to double its traffic squad and put on a “drive” that will last 365 days of the year. College Men’s Pay Dr. John A. Tigert, director of the P’ederal Bureau of Education, reveals the fact that a college education has a direct effect on the pay envelope. College graduates, he shows, average salaries between $1,400 and $5,000 yearly. For high school graduates the average runs between SBSO and $2,400. For men with only grade school education, the average is S6OO to $1,500. Dr. Tigert didn’t mention it, but a college education gives a man one more advantage. A man witif a trained mind, broadened by contact with many phases of culture, can enjoy his life more. Not only can he make more money; he can be happier while he is making it. Air Cures for the Deaf Col. John K. P. Scott, 84-year-old Civil War veteran, has been deaf for years. But the other day a friend took him for an airplane ride from Gettysburg, Pa., to Washington; and when the ride was ended the aged soldier discovered that his hearing had been restored. He was so delighted, news dispatches say, that he danced and shouted with glee. There have been other stories of deaf persons who regained their hearing after airplane rides. Cannot some medical research organization provide funds fo/an exhaustive investigation of the possibilities of this as a regular treatment? It is important to know whether we have not stumbled upon anew cure of great value. A prominent hotel man who died recently received his first instruction in English from a bartender. Education isn’t what it used to be.
-David Dietz on Science.
Peril in Lauding
No. 30-
LET us assume that all obstacles to sending a rocket to the moon have been overcome. Let us forget, for the moment, that a majority of scientists regard most of those obstacles as at the present moment. Now then, what would happen to the man who traveled to the moon in such a rocket? His trip would be a spectacular method of suicide. For once the rocket entered the gravitational field of the moon, it would fall faster and faster toward the surface of the moon. The moon’s surface is marked with great holes that look somewhat like extinct volcanoes. Astronomers call them craters. Most astronomers, however, do not regard them as extinct volcanoes. They think rather, that they are great holes which were caused by meteors striking the surface of the moon in the early days of the moon’s history. Meteors are great chunks of rock afloat in space. When one enters the earth’s atmosphere friction burns it up and we see a fiery trail across the sky which is popularly called a “shooting star.” The meteors which struck the moon must have landed with tremendous velocity to have caused the great holes known as the craters. It Is thought possibly that larger meteors existed in the early days of the solar system. It may also be that these craters were formed before the surface of the moon was entirely solid. The rocket striking the moon would then bury itself in the rocky surface of the moon, resulting in the formation of a miniature crater. The passenger would never live to tell the story. But since we are engaging in speculations, let us make one more supposition. Let us suppose that the rocket was equipped wittfi some device which would permit the passenger to land easily. Let it be said at once that it is impossible to think at the present moment what'that device would be. It could not be a parachute because a parachute depends upon an atmosphere and the moon has no atmosphere. It would have to be some sort of a brake which would slow up the motion of the rocket and counteract the force of the moon’s gravity. Let us see then what our visitor to the moon would find if he landed safely upon its surface.
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
KEEPING UP With THE NEWS
BY LUDWELL DENNY THE PRESIDENT’S sharp rebuke of Republican “drafters’ today increased Herbert Hoover’s chance of getting the nomination. Mr. Coolidge does not choose to let politicians use him as a possible candidate after he formally has withdrawn. With Butler of Massachusetts and Hilles of New York, chairman and vice chairman of the Republican national committee, trying to revive another so-called “draft Coolidge” movement, the President announces publicly that such a movement would “embarrass ’ and “compromise” him. Mr. Coolidge did not name the offenders, but he put the rebuke in the form of a curt letter to the chairman of the Massachusetts Republican committee, where Butler is boss, and referred specifically to New Y(*k, the Hilles’ stronghold. Hoover supporters charge that the Butler-Hilles tactics disguise an attempt to deadlock the Kansas City convention with uninstructed delegations, and then hand pick some dark horse candidate like Vice President Dawes. tt tt a The President’s letter is stronger than his "I do not choose” edict, and his subsequent withdrawal statements to the Republican national committee and the Wyoming State committee. “Reports have come to me,” said the Coolidge letter, "that some persons in Massachusetts are proposing to write in my name as a candidate for President at the primaries on April 24. Such action would be most embarrassing to me, and, while appreciating the compliment that is intended, I request that it not be done. “My name is being used in other States in a way that is contrary to my wishes. I have heard that in New York it has gone so far as to be claimed such use is with my tacit consent. "In my own State, to give any countenance to a movement would tend to compromise me and lend color to the misrepresentations that apparently are being made in other States. “I am. therefore, sending you this public declaration of my position and requesting that such attempts be discontinued.” Mr. Coolidge just had read long stories in New York and other newspapers describing efforts of the Hilles-Butler group to use A1 Smith’s reported gains in the Democratic race as an excuse for running the President against his word and will. tt an THIS new White House move, strengthening the candidacy of Hoover, who is seeking the nomination on a Coolidge platform, is believed to have offset somewhat the recent gains of the LowdenDawes anti-administration forces. Though Hoover generally is conceded to be far in the lead, most political observers think the Republican nomination is in doubt and may remain so until far into the Kansas City convention. If the President vetoes the McNary-Haugen farm relief bill, as expected, and is unable to comhis dispute with Congress over the flood control bill, Lowden may get enough protest delegates to reduce Hoover’s lead and throw the convention balance of power to Secretary of the Treasury Mellon with his Pennsylvania and other delegates. Hoover advocates claim Mellon's support, and there are increasing signs that this may be true in the end, but Mellon has not declared himself publicly and may not make up his mind until the convention. a tt While the President was writing his letters, Sackett of Kentucky, was delivering in the Senate an hour’s eulogy on Hoover as the farmers’ friend. He was replying to attack on the commerce secretary by Senator Norbeck, Republican, South Dakota, and certain farm organization officers. Norbeck, a Lowdenite, said Smith could beat Hoover. • tt tt tt DEMO CRATIC charges that Coolidge prosperity is largely a myth, and that 4,000,000 persons are unemployed, are revived by Senator Wagner of New York, A1 Smith's friend and aid. In a Senate speech be pointed out that the recent Labor Department figures of 1,874,000 represented only the increased unemployment since 1925. He introduced measures for better statistics, for joint Federal and State unemployment bureaus, and announced preparation of a third bill for long-term planning of public construction to meet unemployment needs.
BRIDGE ME ANOTHER (Copyright, 1928, by The Ready Reference Publishing Company) BY W. W. WENTWORTH
(Abbreviations: A—ace; K—king; Q—nuecn; J —jack; X—any card lower than 111.) 1. In bidding, what value should you place o na doubleton in the dummy if dummy does not contain normal expectancy? 2. Os what value is a blank suit in dummy if it contains X X in trumps? 3. Os what value is a blank suit in dummy if it contains X in trump? The Answers 1. None. 2. One trick. 3. One-haif trick.
Daily Thought
When I was a child I spake as a child—l Cor. 13:11. tt tt tt IS the world all grown up? Is childhood dead? Or is there not in the bosom of the wisest and the best some of the child’s heart left, to respond to its earliest enchantments?—Lamb. _ .. , „
r r \
Michelangelo Dies in Midst of Work
INEVITABLY, friction grew.- Unable to work except with a free hand, Brunelleschi feigned illness and stayed at home. Soon the work stopped, and the wardens of the cathedral came to Brunelleschi and reported, “Ghiberti will not do anything without you.” “But,” said Brunelleschi, “I could do it well enough without him.” The wardens saw, as Vasari puts it. that Filippo was sick only of the desire to work alone, and they promised that Ghiberti would withdraw. But Ghiberti did not. Brunelleschi then proposed that the work should be divided into two parts, one to be directed by Ghiberti, the other by himself. The proposal was accepted, but soon the wardens saw that Ghiberti was a great sculptor but only a middling architect, and that his half would have to be undone. They made Brunelleschi sole director of the work, and content at last he produced a masterpiece. The dome he built for the cathedral at Florence became the model for the dome of St. Peter, and though Michelangelo improved upon the original, there is a stern simplicity about the earlier dome which led Vasari, though liimself an architect and friend of Angelo, to say “that from the time of the Greeks and Romans to the present, there has appeared no more excellent or admirable genius than Filippo Brunelleschi.” With Julius II the center of Renaissance architecture passed from Florence to Rome. When he decided to rebuild St. Peter’s, he thought only of the art problems involved; he never dreamed that the undertaking would be the indirect contributory cause of the reformation. * He called first upon Bramante da Urbino, who had made the Belvedere wing of the Vatican, with its magnificent interior and famous winding stairway. Bramante now drew a spacious design for anew cathedral, and work was begun on it in 1506. But his plan called for more money than Peter's Pence had in hand, and the work stopped till the peddling of indulgences under Leo X brought in the requisite gold, and divided Christendom. tt tt u THE work was resumed, but not till the papacy of Paul 111 was it carried on with any resolution. The pope had heard Michelangelo criticise the design of Bramante for the cathedral; now he made the natural retort, and asked Michelangelo, could he do better? The old artist did not care to accept the challenge; he was 62 now, and had thought that his work was done. The pope tried to bribe him with a generous stipened, but the unaccountable Angelo, who cared for nothing but art, religion, Vittoria Colonna and Tommaso Cavalieri, refused the stipened, and undertook the work. To the end of his days he devoted himself to the new task unpaid, saying that he had now consecrated himself to God. He labored on St. Peter’s intermittently for twenty-seven years, and yet even at his death it was incomplete, and had to be finished from the wooden model which he had made . With all the care that was lavished on the dome, it is already in danger of collapse; an American architect recently warned that the vast weight—of almost a million tons—must soon fall, unless serious defects are repaired. The design was good, but the workmanship of the contractors, and the materials which they sup*plied, were far below the mark which Angelo wished to set. He writes to his aides, after being cheated time and again with inferior materials, “I beg of you, from this, time forward, by the authority which I hold from the pope, not to accept anything which is not suitable, even though it comes to you from heaven.” The spirit was willing, but the flesh was weak. Through all this labor and preeminence jthe artist lived in a simplicity that was almost destitution. He had money; he supported his father and his brothers, helping them to rise to the rank of nobles in Florence; and he left 9,000 gold crowns at his death. But he himself led the life of a /
Spring Tonic
THE STORY OF CIVILIZATION
Written for The Times by Will Durant
pauper. At Bologna he stayed with three assistants in one room, and slept with them in one bed. He had no taste for personal adornment, and cared less than Socrates for cleanliness. He slept for so many nights with boots and clothing on that when at last he removed his boots the skin came off with them. He ate little, and preferred the coarsest and simplest foods; he shunned physicians, and refused medicine; and lived to the age of 89. o a a HE was a solitary spirit, without comrades or recreation. “I have no friend of any kind,” he said, “and I do not want any. Do you not know that there are sciences which demand the whole of a man?” He was as independent as one might be in those days of poison and cold steel. One pope said he used always to invite Michelangelo to a chair, knowing that he would sit down anyway. He was irritable because he hated the small things of life, and grudged every moment taken from his work. Great artists suffer like manual workers condemned to the most arduous and perilous tasks; and their races in old age are marked like the faces of mothers of large families. Buonarroti accepted his genius as a terrible fatality which much be
Questions and Answers
You can get an answer to any answerable question of fact or information by writing to Frederick M Kerby. Question Editor. The Indianapolis Times. Washington Bureau. 1322 New York Ave., Washington. D. C.. enclosing two cents in stamps for reply. Medical and legal advice cannot be given, nor can extended research be made. All other questions will receive a personal reply. Unsigned requests cannot be answered. All leters are confidential. You are cordially Invited to maice use of this free service as often as you please. EDITOR. What is the meaning of the Latin phrase, ‘Tax vobisum?” “Pcacp be with you.” Where was William Haines, the movie actor, born? In Staunton, Va., Jan. 1. 1900, and educated at the Staunton Military Academy in Virginia. What is the normal ami present strength of the United States Coast Guard Service? The regular strength of the Coast Guard Service is 340 officers and 5,000 enlisted men and war-
R I A I I [FT .—.—-A- —— 1 " D j R 1 O 1 P~
1. The idea of letter golf is to change one word to another and do it in par, or a given number of strokes. Thus, to change COW to HEN in three strokes, COW, HOW, HEW, HEN. 2. You can change only one letter at a time. 3. You must have a complete word of common usage for each jump. Slang words and abbreviations don’t count. 4. The order of letters can not be changed.
Ml 1 INIE M I It, E M OIL E M__o_L JD gIoIIIP’
borne, a flame which burned within him and w - ould consume him; it would have been better, he said, to have been a maker of matches, and to have lived the life of the people. He did not marry, and for the same reason that he cultivated no friendships; “I have only too much of a wife in this art of mine.” He developed a profound attachment for Vittoria Colonna, one of the most cultured women of the Renaissance; but it was only a Platonic love, almost sexless. If he was moved to passion it was chiefly for the male body; he did not care for the gentle beauty of women; and when he wrote love poems it was to a handsome youth, Tommasco Cavalieri. His sonnets which John Addington Symonds has translated with affectionate care, are among the treasures of Italian literature. He lived through three generations, carrying too long what seemed to him the burden of life. He died in 1564, acknowledged by all as the greatest artist that his country had ever had. In the same year Shakespeare came. It was a sign that the Renaissance had died in Italy, and had been reborn in the north. (Copyright, 1928. by Will Durant) (To Be Continued)
rant officers. Under special legislation passed since prohibition the number has been temporarily increased. At the present time there are 417 officers, regular and temporary; 9,890 enlisted men, and 863 warrant officers. It maintains 277 life saving stations averaging five or six men each, stationed on the coast and one inland waterways at points advantageous for quick response in need. What is the minimum height and weight of an applicant for the railway mail sendee? They must be at least 5 feet 4% inches tall and must weigh at least 135 pounds. Who invented spectacles? Probably the Chinese. Alhazen, an Arab writer, mentions them in the 11th century, and Italian monks in Pisa and Florence used them in the 13th century. Eye glasses were invented toward the close of the 13th century by Salvino d’Armato. Who employs the tenders for the beacons used to guide airships? The tenders are part time employes, either farmers or hired men who live on the property where the beacons are located. The position is not under civil service but is a contract performance. The duties occupy only a few hours a day. What is “The Apple-of Sodom?” A fruit, sometimes called “Dead Sea apple,” that was produced on trees that grew on the site, of Sodom. According to Josephus and other ancient writers, “it was beautiful to the eye, but turned to ashes when plucked.” It is sometimes identified with the solanum sotlomeum of North Africa. Can flower and vegetable seeds be bought from the Government at Washington? . No.
This Date in U. S. History
APRIL 21 1775—0n hearing of the battle of Lexington, Israel Putnam of Pomfret, Conn., left for Boston, Mass., making the trip, it was said, in eighteen hours on the same horse. 1831—Black Hawk Indian War commenced. 1862 —Confederate Congress at Richmond, Va., broke up. 1898—War began between Spain and the United States. 1914 —Marines landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico. 1919—Victory loan campaign opened.
AHULL 21, luUo
. M. E. TRA CY SAYS: “Germany Is Better Off So Far as Taxes Are Concerned Than Any of the Allies and Faces Brighter Prospects for Wiping Out Her National Debt.”
THE idea of debt cancellation hats been laid on the shelf, but the idea of using German reparations to pay what the allies owe us and letting your Uncle Sam hold the bag has not. This was made very clear by the mass of figures and facts which Winston Churchill, Chancellor of the Exchequer, some time ago presented to the House of Commons The time he took to prove that Germany is in better financial condition than any allied nation could be justified by only one purpose and that is to set the stage for the proposition of a big bond issue on her part to raise cash for the allies and settle her reparations bill. It goes without saying that there is no market for such t. bond issue except in this country. tt tt tt German Debt Lowest The astonishing part of it is that Mr. Churchill does not misrepresent the situation. Contrary to what everyone expected ten years ago, Germany Is better off so .far as taxes are concerned than any of the allies and faces brighter - prospects of wiping out her national debt. Exclusive of reparations, Germany owes $1,100,000,000, as compared to j a British debt of 38 billions, a j French .debt of 19 billions and an American debt of 18 billions. This astonishing achievement was j made possible by deliberate deflation of the mark, which was sene down and down until the German government was able to pay off a thousand-dollar pound for two bits. The process made thousands of rich people poor, but did not make the millions of poor people any poorer. It is a vivid illustration of how easily the money class can be mulcted and how quickly a people can recover, provided the earning power of the masses is not interfered with. it tt it Allies Need Cash Even with the reparations bill, fixed as it has been at $26,000,000.000, included, Germany's debt is stffl not as gi’eat as that of England and only a little greater than that of France. -It is unfair to include this amount, however, since the allies do not expect Germany to pay it in full and do not desire her to do so as if they have to wait sixty-two years. What the allies want, and what they need, is cash. They would be more than willing to write off two-thirds of the reparation bill, if not more, if by so doing they could lay their hands on six or eight billion dollars in real coin of the realm. tt tt it U. S, Stands Firm In those good old days of relief and dreaming that followed the Armistice, the allies consoled themselves with the idea that whatever else happened, they could pursuade Uncle Sam to accept Germany's reparation notes in payment of what they owed him, but it took them only a little while to discover that Uncle Sam was a hardheaded business man in spite of his liberality and idealism. The fact that a thing cannot be accomplished one way, however, does not mean that it cannot be accomplished at all. While a German bond issue to raise money to pay the reparation bill in cash bears little resemblance to the idea of handing the United States reparation notes in exchange for those of the allies, it amounts to practically the same thing because such a bond issue as the situation requires could not be absorbed anywhere, except in the United States. Hot that the idea of such a bond issue for such a purpose is either wrong or impractical, or that it might not offer the best possible solution of a financial snarl which is interfering with complete restoration of commerce and industry, but that the American people should have no illusions as to what it implies if asked to consider it. That they will be asked to consider it seems almost inevitable. tt tt a Need Moral Security The question of whether bond are good rests on the question of whether there is dependable security behind them. Dependable security is not only a matter of visible assets, but of moral character, earning capacity and financial ability. Whether German bonds would be better than French notes is noi, to be decided by emotions and memories incident to the war, but hinges entirely on the relative attitude of the two countries toward paying what they owe. Remiss as Germany might have been in her reparation account, she has done far better than France has in meeting American obligations. It is more than possible that a way can be found to satisfy everybody by the absorption of a huge German bond issue in this country. , 'r : 7- -■ , Cash from’America would enable Germany to settle the reparation account and the same cash would enable , thp allies to settle their American debt§, while America, though she put up the cash, would actually be owed less than she is today. When was Justice Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court appointed and when did he assume office? He was appointed by President Wilson and assumed office June 5, 1916.