Indianapolis Times, Volume 39, Number 185, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 December 1927 — Page 11

DEC. 12, 1927.

aGIVILIWION

TT was religion that suggested -t drama, and Aeschylus who invented it. We have seen it poten- . tial in the festive processions of the Dionysian cult; the song and dance of the worshipers generated the chorus and the chorus generated the play. v Legend tells how Thespis, toward the end of the sixth century before Christ, selected a member of the chorus to act a special role in the religious or mythical story which formed the theme of the choral song. Aeschylus added a second actor as foil to the first, and so visualized that conflict of wills which is the essence of drama. The “Father of Tragedy” was born at Eleusis in 525 B. C. At 35 he fought in the battle of Marathon and saw his brother seriously wounded at his side. When Aeschylus died he chose for his epitaph not his achievements in drama, but his bravery in war. “Beneath this stone lies Aeschylus ... of his noble prowess the grove of Marathon can speak, or the longhaired Persian, who knows it well.” He had submitted plays nine years before Marathon, but not till he was 41 did he win a prize; success is the grandchild of failure. Thereafter he gained twelve victories—one every second year. All in all, he wrote some ninety plays, of which seven remain. “History,” as Bacon said, “is the planks of a shipwreck.? Many of them, as their author phrased it, are “slices from the great banquet of Homer,” epilogues to the great tale of Troy. Three of them constitute the “Oresteia” trilogy, which Gilbert Murray has rated as “the highest achievement of Aeschylus and probably of all Greek drama,” while John Addington Symonds considered it the greatest work in all literature. tt n tt THE first play of the trilogy, named after Agamemnon, begins where Homer left off: Troy has been taken and the victorious King is returning homeHe Is awaited rather anxiously by his wife, Clytemnestra; for this Greek premonition of Lady Macbeth has declared a moratoriifin on mo-

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nogamy in his absence and has taken Egisthus as a temporary husband.* When her conscience complains she reminds it how Agamemnon sacrificed her daughter and his, the gentle Iphigenia, to buy from the gods a little breeze that might waft his ships to Troy. Dreading the vengeance of the King, she lures him with soft speech into an inner chamber and buries a dagger in his heart. Even across the centuries and through the disturbing medium of translation the Agamemnon moves us; if we could see it acted as the Athenians did we might understand the famous remark of Aristotle that "tragedy effects through pity and terror a purgation of these passions in the hearts of the spectators.” It is true that our modern haste, our nervous activity and our moral .scepticism have spoiled us for the dong speeches of Aeschylus, his choral lucubrations and Shelleyan abstractions and presidential platitudes; we do not care for murderers whb lecture as they kill. But there are compensations. Here, for example, is our first taste and deepens the dramg, of the of that sense of fate which darkens Greeks. Tragedy, in the theory of Aeschylus and his countrymen, begins with hybris presumptuous insolence, some shameless violation of human decency. Zeus * (or, in Napoleon’s phrase, the “nature of thirtgs”) brings retributive justice to every crime and to all excess; meden agan (nothing too much) is the lesson of Greek drama as well as of Greek sculpture and Greek philosophy. And this solemn sense of inescapable retribution gives a dignity to Attic drama which seldom comes to the modern theatre. The pursuing furies that avenge all guilt weave many acts and many plays and many generations into one web of crime and inevitable expiation. Tantalus, insolent with wealth, steals the nectar and ambrosia of the gods and gives them to Pelops to eat; Pelops, his son, slays the offspring of Hermes; Niobe, his daughter, proud of her twelve Children, sees them turned into stone, and herself becomes a symbol of sorrow and a monument to grief; Atreus, Pelops’ son, comes upon, his wife in adultery with his brother Thyestes, kills Thyestes’ children and serves them up to him at a banquet; his son Agamemnon kills his own daughter to advance a commercial war; Orestes, son of Agamemnon, kills his mother for murdering his father. . . .

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No story of crime was ever richer in horror and blood; no Jeivish prophet or Hindu sage, preaching the coming of Karma or Jehovah’s wrath, could better the moral of the tale,' We catch a glimpse in it of the barbarisih that never completely died among the Greeks, the hate apd cruelty and intolerance that for a time incarnadined the world. a tt nobler is the early masterpiece of Aeschylus, the Prometheus Bound; here we rise from a local to a universal theme, from a narrative of primitive horror to a symbolism that reaches into the very heart of the human tragedy. The hero of the play, so loved by Goethe and Shelley, was honored in Hellenic legend as the discoverer of fire and the consequent initiator of Greek civilization. In a remarkable passage Prometheus (i. e., the fore-knower and teacher) tells how he brought civilization to mankind; to this day, as Professor Osborn says, it is a fairly accurate description of the origings of human culture:— “List to the deeds I did for mortals; how, being fools before, I made them wise and true in aim of soul. And let me tell you—not as taunting men, But teaching you the intention of my gifts— How, first beholding, they beheld in vain. And, hearing, heard not, but, Jike shapes in dreams, Mixed all things wildly down the tedious time, Nor knew to build a house against the sun With wicketed sides, nor any woodcraft knew,

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CHE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

But lived like silly ants beneath the ground In hollow caves unsunned. There came to them - No steadfast sign of winter or of spring Flower-perfumed, nor of summer full of fruit, But blindly and lawlessly they did all things, Until I taught them how the stars did rise And set in mystery, and devised for them Number, the inducer of philosophies, The synthesis of letters, and besides, The artificer of all things, memory, That sweet muse-mother. I was first to yoke The servile beasts in couples carrying An heirdom of man’s burdens on their backs. I joined to chariots steeds that loved the bit They champ at—the chief pomp of golden ease. \ And none but I originated ships, The seaman’s chariots, wandering on the brine With linen wings. And I—O miserable! — Who did devise for mortals all these arts. Have no device left now to save myself.” —Mrs. Browning's Translation. For just as in Hebrew story Eve was punished for seeking knowledge, so Prometheus is denounced by Zeus for bringing down to the earth the holy fire which, in primitive belief, belonged to the gods r and to expiate his crime (when has not knowledge been a crime, and truth a heresy?) he is chained, at Zeus’ command, to a rock on the heights of 4he Caucasus. (Copyright. 1927. by Will Durant.) *>. (To Be Continued.) Koosier in Mc-vie Cast Bit Times Kvcrial COLUMBIA CITY, Ind., Dec. 12. —James Wilcox, son of Mr. and Mrs. Clinton Wilcox of near this city, is in the cast of “The Drop Kick,” a motion picture now being shown here. He is one of nine university boys in the cast.

RHODES WINNER HELD HIGH STUDENT HONORS Harlan Logan, Bloomington, Excelled Scholastically and in Athletics Bit United Press BLOOMINGTON, Ind., Dec. 12. Harland Logan, announced in Swarthmore, Pa., Sunday, as winner of Indiana’s Rhodes scholarship, has a record in scholarship and athletics declared by directors of Indiana University to have been seldom equalled. Logan is the son of Dr. and Mrs. W. N- Logan, Bloomington and was graduated with highest honors from Bloomington High School and Indiana University. At the university he won membership in Pht Beta Kappa, national honorary scholastic fraternity, and received his degree of Bachelor of Arts with thpr high distinction. He now has almost completed his work at the university for his master of arts degree. In athletics, Logan has also made a brilliant record. He played three years on the high school basketball and track squads and won the captaincy of the freshman basketball squad at I. U. He was a unanimous

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choice for all-conference basketball forward in 1924-25 and was second high-point scorer in the Big Ten that year and acting captain of the Indiana team. ANYTHING MIGHT OCCUR Dance Hall Proprietor Cannot Help Patrons’ Conduct, Court Holds. Bit United Press LANSING, Mich., Dec. 12—Just because a girl in nothing less than a bathing suit chooses to dance on a public floor and because others bring liquor to the place and drink it while there, in spite of attempts of the management, is not sufficient reason to close the place, the Supreme Court ruled here. The dance hall, operated by Frank Shoonmaker, at Fisher Lake, had been on trial as a nuisance, following the occurance of the above related incidents. The court said that Schoonmaker could not control the actions of others and was not to blame for them. Hasn’t a Bit of Asthma Now Says Wheeze and Cough Entirely Gone. Tells What Did It. For th? benefit of asthma sufferers, Mr. Charles Dean, 910 Vi Virginia Ave., Indianapolis, Ind., tells how he got rid of this stubborn disease. Mr. Dean says: “I began having asthma in 1912. Kept getting worse, and couldn’t do a day's work. I would wheeze and choke and if I walked a square, I had to lean against a post and rest. In October. 1923, I began taking Nacor. Relief came very prordptly, and I continued to Improve, gaining 13 pounds in weight. I feel perfectly well again and Nacor is the only medicine that ever brought me relief, v Hundreds of other sufferers from asthma, bronchitis and chronic coughs have reported their recovery, after years of affliction. Their letters and a booklet of valuable information about these diseases will be sent free by Naeor Medicine Cos.. 413 State Life Bldg., Indlauapollß. Ind. No matter how serious your case, call or write for this free booklet. Tt may give your whole life anew meaning.—Advertisement.

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