Indianapolis Times, Volume 39, Number 132, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 October 1927 — Page 4
PAGE 4
SCRIPPJ-HOWAJiIt
Hear Him Tonight The Times urges every citizen to go to Tomlinson Hall tonight and listen to Mayor John Duvall, still mayor in spite of the fact that his resignation has been demanded by practically every civic organization. It is the duty of every citizen to inform himself on public affairs and then decide in the utmost fairness as to his own influence and opinion upon them. It is just possible that Mayor Duvall may have something of importance to divulge and if he has, he should be given an opportunity to have the fullest and most courteous hearing. That the mayor is under conviction of crime Bz<d that a jury has decreed that he should Bpend a month in the county jail and be disfranchised for a period of four yerrs is only an added reason for giving him a hearing. He may be more convincing before an audience than his attorneys were before a jury. . There are many things which Mayor Duvall could tell in which the people are very much interested and perhaps a very large audience will be a factor in inducing him to full and complete frankness. He will, perhaps, explain why he was very active in having the Legislature pass a law which would prevent the people of this city from obtaining the City Manager form, which they very much desired, until the close of his administration. Perhaps he will explain his own attitude toward that office and tell frankly why he believed that it was necessary to have special legislation to protect him in his office. It is unfortunate that the mayor is the only speaker of importance. There are others whom common gratitude would suggest should be at his side, defending him if he intends to make a defense. The meeting, of course, will be incomplete if United States Senator Arthur Robinson is not also given a chance to defend the mayor and the mayor’s organization. It is a matter of common knowledge tßat the influence of the city administration and especially of George V. Coffin, the Senator’s friend and the mayor’s close adviser, were very powerful in obtaining the nomination of Robinson and his subsequent election. The mayor will do him wrong if he neglects to give to the Senator an opportunity to demonstrate that he always stands by his friends. All that is promised, however, is a speech by the mayor himself and the mayor is entitled to a public hearing. The citizens should listen and listen with open mindedness to any explanation he may have as to his refusal to comply with the demands of the thousands of representative citizens who are asking him to resign for his city’s good. This city has never refused a fair hearing to any man. Sometimes it has been rather difficult to obtain declarations from public officials. Sometimes it has required the drastic method of grand jury indictments to force answers that should have been given publicly long before. But ( the mayor announces that he has something to tell the citizens and the citizens should, lor their own interests if not for the sake of that spirit of fair play which is the new keynote in Indiana, accord him the privilege. So once again, The Times urges the citizens to attend this meeting and see for themselves what happens, listen to what the mayor has to say, and then draw their own conclusions.
Tell the Governor Governor Jackson has in his possession a demand of the City Manager Committee that he call a special session of the Legislature. Very properly they believe that the State owes to Indianapolis the right to rule itself and to set aside the fraud practiced upon it by the Legislature when that body set aside its contract with the present administration under which it went into office. The administration went into office under laws which permitted this city at any lime to substitute the City Manager system for its services. The people have voted five to one for such a change. Its operation was delayed by a law which delayed the effectiveness of the vote until 1930. That, in itself, should be a sufficient reason for the special session. It is no answer that the session would prove costly. The action of the Legislature in that one law is costing Indianapolis in money many times every month what the session would cost. And that burden was placed upon it by the Legislature. But there are other reasons for the session. The mere changing of Mayor Duvall for some other person, and that seems very probable in the light of his conviction of crime, will not remedy the situation. There would still be left in power the city council, whose actions in office have' been a matter of continuous disregard for public welfare. The members have apparently- preyed upon the legitimate business of the community in
The Indianapolis Times (A SCBIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 314-220 W. Maryland Street. Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marlon County. 2 cents —lO cents a week; elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD GURLEY. ROY W. HOWARD. W. A. MAYBORN. Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE—MAIN 3500. TUESDAY. OCT. 11, 1927. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way.”— Dante.
devious ways. Its members have most apparently used their powers of office to blackmail jobs from the mayor in his present predicament. They have been a constant disgrace and a constant menace. One other reason exists in which the whole State is more than interested. Since the Stephenson secrets hidden in his “Black Boxes” have come into the possession of the grand jury it is imperative that the Legislature conduct the investigation it refused last winter. The Governor may be assured that there would be no protest from any citizen if he should call a special session for that purpose alone. The reputation of Indiana as a courageous State is worth much more than the session would cost. The Governor is hesitating, apparently. Perhaps he would not hesitate if every citizen who is interested would take the trouble to call upon him either in person or by telephone to give Indiana a chance to be honest and give to it the opportunity to face the world with a clean §late and a clean face. Call him up today. Not So Simple As It Is Bloody Despite reassuring official message from Mexico City, it is perfectly apparent that Mexico today is passing through a grave crisis. Next August Mexico is scheduled to elect a successor to President Calles. Former President Obregon, a close friend and supporter of Callus policies, would seem to have the inside track, so a revolt has broken out to settle it with bullets instead of ballots. Beating the revolutionists to the draw and shooting from the hip, so to speak, President Calles undoubtedly gained the upper hand. One candidate, General Serrano, was captured and summarily executed, while General Gomez, Obregon’s other opponent, has taken to the tall mesquite. All of which sounds bloody but simple. But it is not so simple. It is becoming more and more apparent that a revolution of formidable proportions, financed by anti-Calies-Obregon parties both north and south of the Rio Grande, was in making when Calles discovered the plot and called the turn. So : it is too much to expect that the revolutionaries will give up the ghost without further ado. While optimistically worded dispatches continue to reach this country from the Mexican capital,'promising an end to the trouble in forty-eight hours, and describing General Gomez as in fuil flight with no more than a few score followers at his side, from other sources—not always reliable, we confess—come reports of almost an entire nation in revolt with anywhere from 10,000 to 30,000 adherent with General Gomez alone. These tales may be simply the expression of the desire, rather than the facts, but it is certainly to be expected that all the forces opposed to President Calles and his regime will hit now if they can. A significant development is the sudden appearance in New York City of a “Gomez headquarters.” And it is no less worth noting that the first statement given out from this junta was a denial that Gomez had been responsible for the revolution. If that is true—if General Gomez simply intended to make an honest to goodness race for the presidency against Obregon and Serrano—why the headquarters in New York? Furthermore, while Gomez propagandists were busy in the American metropolis denying revolutionary intent, Adolfo de la Huerta, leader of the revolution' against Obregon when Obregon was President, was announcing from his home in Hollywood a formal alliance with Gomez to overthrow the Calles regime, which is mighty quick work. The arm of coincidence is notoriously long, but this seems to be stretching it too far. One day all is serene with an orderly political campaign in full swing and no one contemplating mischief. The next sees a full-fledged revolt with revolutionary juntas, propaganda bureaus, armed alliances and what not in full swing 3,000 miles away. That, we can not help feeling, is somehow putting a little bit too much' strain on the imagination. We hold no brief for Calles, Obregon or any one else in Mexico—in fact they have acted with a sudden sickening and terrible ruthlessness which only a real revolt against the Mexican government can justify. But developments during the last two or three days, more even than any word from Mexico City, tend to confirm Calles’ assertion that a revolution was about to break when he saw it and struck first. A London specialist advises women to blow bubbles for beauty. Bubbles are pretty, but what’s a person going to do with ’em? Here’s Dora again. She wants to know why men are so eager to win air derbies when they’re hardly the wear—at least for winter. Parisian style dictators say the curves are coming l back. Danger ahead!
Law and Justice By Dexter M. Keetet
A man bought a motorcycle for his 15-year-old son. He permitted the boy to operate it on the public highways contrary to a State tatute forbidding the operation of motor vehicles by children under 16 years of age. The boy ran down and seriously injured another child, and his father was sued for damages. The father claimed that he was not liable because of the well established principle of law and that a parent is not liable for the negligence of a minor child. Lawyers for the boy who had been run down contended the father was liable because he had violated the law In allowing his boy to operate the motorcycle. This fact, they said, made him liable for damage done by his son in operating the machine. HOW WOULD YOU DECIDE THIS CASE? The actual decision: The Supreme Court of Wisconsin held that the father was liable for the damage resulting from his son’s operation of the motorcycle because he knew of and consented to a violation of the law.
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
M. E. TRACY SAYS: We Do Not Tolerate Military Supervision of Elections in This Country ' and We Should Not Impose It on Other Peoples.
Congressman La Guardia of New York, suggests that a committee of civilians supervise the Nicaraguan elections, and Secretary of State Kellogg replies that the idea already has “suggested itself to this department.” Both are to be congratulated. We do not tolerate military supervision of elections in this country and we should not impose it on other peoples. Teapot Dome Ruling The tribunal from which there is no appeal—the Supreme Court of the: United States—has annulled the Teapot Dome lease. This is the lease that was granted to Harry F. Sinclair’s Mammoth Oil Company, and that started all the oil scandal. Besides annulling the lease, the court declared there never was, any legitimate reason for the secrecy with which Fall is said to have surrounded it and that the lease was not made to prevent drainage of Teapot Dome through privately owned oil fields. Princess Is Heroine There are few human tragedies, but lead to something good and beautiful in the end. One effect of Prince Carol’s frivolous career is to make a heroine of his former wife, the Princess Helen. Instead of souring on life, as many a woman might have done under similar circumstances, §he turns to humanitarian work for solace. ’ i She has founded a school for Red Cross nurses in Bucharest, a home for wayward girls and dispensaries for sick children and indigent mothers. End of Scott Tragedy The suicide of Russell Scott brings to an end one of the most remarkable tragedies of modern time. His and heroic wife takes a philosophical view when she says that self destruction may represent the happiest possib'.a ending, and when she consents to have his brain analyzed by alienists. Whether Scott was guilty of the crime charged against him, or whether his mental condition can be determined by a post mortem examination, he was a remarkable man, and something of value may be learned by a study of his brain. G, 0, P, Leaders Restless Senator Norris nominates Senator Borah as a Republican candidate Yor President in 1928. and Senator Borah replies by nominating Senator Norris. This is an idle exchange of compliments, but significant neverthless. Corn belt Republicans, as represented by Norris, Borah, Nye, Lafollette and Brookhart are restless. Definitely opposed to the renomination of President Coolidge, they have little more use for other Easterners. The Mellon - Hughes - KelloggLongworth theory of government dees not appeal to them and never has. Since the late Theodore Roosevelt gave it expression fifteen years ago, it has been nothing less than a smouldering fire. Some day it is going to break forth and do for another Democrat what it once did for Woodrow Wilson. 'Radical' Westerners It has become a habit to refer to western Republicans as “radical," chiefly because they believe in farm relief, flood control an". Government ownership of water power. They cannot see why corn is not just as deserving of protection at the hands of the Government as aluminum, or why it is more heretical to dam a river than to dredge a harbor. Need Protection Policy When this Government was founded, nine-tenths of its people were farmers, and felt able to take care of themselves. They “protected” manufacturers and commercial enterprises because the latter seemed so helpless. A century has seeen conditions reverse themselves. Manufacturers and commercial enterprises have become more than selfsustaining, while farmers have been relegated to the foot of the line. Calles Should Act Regardless of where one’s sympathy may lie, it is obvious that if President 'Calles does not want a real revolutipn on his hands, he would better get Gomez, and get him now. Calles, like every one else who has held power in Mexico, survives by grace of an organized minority. In his case, as in every other, there is enough latent antagonism toward the government to produce revolution. All it needs is a leader with sufficient prestige. Prestige is but the matter of a a few days, a few successes and a few millon dollars. The few days easily can be supplied by the incompetence of government commanders. In such a case the few successses would come as a matter of course. As for the few million dollars, there are “interests” that would be more than glad to come forward if they felt they had a reasonably safe bet.
Playing Both Ends Against the Middle
Robert St. Clair Catches the True Spirit of the Dreams of Merton Gill in *.Merton of the Movies
A certain divine wistfulness was read into the character of Merton Gill by Glenn Hunter when he created the name part in "Merton of the Movies.” Hunter made one feel that terrible tumult of mind and soul that Merton passed through when he discov-
ered that he was not a great worth while dramatic actor of the screen, but instead a mighty funny guy with a corking comedy face. And so Merton must be judged when others play the part. Robert St. Clair is playing Merton in the Berkell production this week of “Merton of the Movies” at the Colonial. St. Clair dees capture that nervous sincerity
Robert SL Clair
of Merton. He was a little slow’ getting into action on Sunday night, but after the strain of the first few minutes, I realized that St. Clair had a definite conception of Merton and I felt sure that Merton would be very much Merton for the rest of the show. It is a difficult trick to register sincerity when the entire background is just the opposite. And yet St. Clair does overcome that handicap and it is St. Clair's Merton who holds vour interest through the entire play. St. Clair plays Merton with a beautiful understanding of the dreams, ideals and hopes of the lad who wanted to d(K bigger and better movies for art sake alone. While watching St. Clair, I had the feeling that the spirit of Merton was very close to the actor because St. Clair knew how to project in an honest way the despair of the lad who was brave enough to dream and then go out into the world and try to make those dreams real. St. Clair is giving an all round performance this week. He is not good in just one scene, but he is consistently good after he gets started. And it is all the more enjoyable because St. Clair is not trying to be another Glenn Hunter. He is attempting to create Merton r,s a human being and he succeeds.’ Another sparkling fine performance this week is the Montague Girl of Miss Alney Alba. It is this girl of the movie lot who understands Merton and who tries to keep him a dreamer. Miss Alba catches the wise spirit of the girl who fights for an ideal and ends up with a lovable boy for a prospective husband. A pretty performance as done by Miss Alba. Sidney Jerome makes the role of Jeff Baird, the low comedy producer, a character that stands out in the play. Easily the best work that this man has given up with the Berkell eomuany. Adelaide, Melnotte is good in two widely different roles. There are many others in the cast, including Herbert Dobbins. William V. Hull, Bernice Marsolais, J. F. Marlowe, Larry Sullivan, Milton Byron, Idabelle Arnold and others. The four acts and several scenes have been nicely mounted. “Merton j>f the Movies” remain on view all week at the Colonial. JEAN HERSHOLT IS, A MIGHTY GOOD “DEACON” Have always been mighty fond of “Alias the Deacon” because it is good huirtin hokum. Here is a story that makes one feel a little bit kinder toward the world and all people. Here Is a Pollyanna play that one at times would like to see ring true to ones enemies. It was to be expected that the Universal movie version of “Alias the Deacon” would rather emphasize the prize fight theme of the story which is a side light of the stage version. And yet these fight scenes are made am integral part of the movie
BY WALTER D. HICKMAN
version and they are handled in a most human way. Jean Hersholt is cast as the “deacon” who gets rich brothers around him and then takes away as much cash as he needs from the dear souls. His method is by cards and he attends many "meetings” with his “dear brethren.” But the “deke” always has a pleasant human and honest use for all of his “collections.” Hersholt is giving a fine performance. June Marlowe and Ralph Graves handle the love element and they do it mighty well. You recall that Stuart Walker this summer presented “Alias the Deacon.” The film version is the movie feature of the current bill at Keith’s. The vaudeville part of the bill seems to indicate that this might be "national piano” week because three out of five acts use a piano. The opening act is a posing act in which a white Arabian mare and some beautfiul English setter dogs take part. Charles Derickson is a “dramatic tenor” who seems to specialize in volume. He is assisted by Burton Brown, a concert pianist. Charles - O’Donnell and Ethel Blair have a slapsitck comedy called “The Plasterers” in which knocks and falls are dished up in large numbers. Hal Jerome and Gloria Gray specialize in melody and comedy along eccentric lines of delivery. Hugh Skelly and Emma Heit offer a revue. Skelly makes the mistake in trying to be a comedian too often. On view at Keith’s all week. DE SYLVIA TOPS BILL AT THE LYRIC The Apache dance seems to be the roughest kind of dance and the way the girls get thrown around makes one wonder how they keep from getting killed. Jack De Sylvia flings his partner from him, in one of their dances, and she turns sideways and head-over-heels all at the same time and hits the floor all “spraddled out.” Jack De Sylvia and his “Ladies of Fashion” present a fantasy of fashion in eight scenes. He uses one girl that sings as the central flgi ve and groups the dances around her. Feathers are the predominating mode in the revue and as a climax he shows that his girls are a diamond mine. The revue opens with a rush and closes with a bang. The changes are so fast that you can hardly keep track of them. The show is indeed dazzling. It is one of the biggest things that has yet come to the Lyric. It is worthy of the theater’s fifteenth birthday. There were seven children in his family and he said that the cause lay at the door of his father, who owned a bird store and had a stork in it. She knew then why she was the only child in her family. Her father only had a canary. Bronson and Gordon present more comedy in their act “Bulletins” than has been seen on the local stage for a long time. Personally I don’t care much for acrobatic troupes. Their scope is too limited and after one has gone over the bag of tricks several times it gets tiresome seeing them again. The six members of the Hungarian troupe do something different from the cart wheels and tumblings of the usual acts of this iknd. Practically the entire work is done off the ground man. He supports all the members of the company, at different times, from his feet. It is a very worthy while act. - “? Yes” is the name of the act that Lera and Spencer present. Spencer plays the accompaniments on his banjo and Lera supplies the nut stuff. Their cleverest bit is the playing of several well known musical numbers on the banjo and comb. The act is forced too much for the results "that it gets. The Stratford Comedy Four get their quartet over in a novel way. The name of the act is “The Teacher” and the action is built.around the school room. Part of the lessons are sung and the rest are bur-
lesqued. There are quite a number of real laughs in this act. Stoddard and Brown have a lot of wise cracks and some fair exhibition of musical skill in their act. It is not so different from the usual run of such things however. I missed “The Rickards” presentation. News reels and comedies along -with a Will Rogers travelog completes the bill. At the Lyric this week. (By the Observer.) ■ LOOKING OVER NEW SHOW AT THE MUTUAL Shows like everything else, run in cycles. That the old order changes is truly demonstrated in the advent of “Hello Paree” which is now on view at the Mutual. Margie Pennetti and Lee Hickman are the featured players in Hon Nickels show. While most prima donnas have passable voices, that or Miss Pennetti is exceptionally good. Lee Hickman is the leading comedian of the piece, and while some of the cracks are a little “raw” " •) doesn’t have to depend on “dirt” to get him by. Billy Schulz is his foil and a good pair they make. Hickman plays tramp comedian and Schulz is the dialect man. Some of the skits that are included in the repertoire of the company are new while others have been used time and time again, but still get a laugh. The costumes of the chorus are artistically designed and fit in with the dances. The dances, when I saw them, had a lot of “kick” to them. It was burlesque like the kind grandpa used to see. Included in the cast are Ida Shaw, May Jenson, Joe Mack and George Hunter, who assist the principals in a most able manner. Many of the song and dance numbers are the more popular songs of the day that every one sings and whistles, which makes the show more of a “family affair.” “Hello Paree” now on view at the Mutual. (By the Observer.) Other theaters today offer: “The Way of All Flesh” at the Indiana: “Underworld” at the Circle; "The Life of Riley” at the Ohio; “Mockery” at the Apollo, and, movies at the Isis and Rivoli. LOOGING OVER “SEX” MOVIE AT THE MURAT Produced by St. S. Millard, the movie “Is Your Daughter Safe?” tries to explain the dangers and pitfalls that beset the path of the girl of today who is without guidance. The picture is sensational in that it goes farther in its expose of houses of ill repute than has any previously shown here. It is the story, as toiq, by a doctor to the Governor of Illinois, of a girl who was lead off the straight and narrow path by a man who offered his assistance when she was destitute. The man was a “runner” for a madam in the “red light district.” And then, when the girl is of-T----ing herself for sale to any passerby, she comes upon her childhood sweetheart. Wishing to marry, the girl goes to the doctor who tells her that she is physically unclean. The outcome of it all was that she kills herself. The film is propaganda of a kind that is intended to stamp out the results of certain social evils. In connection with the film there are slides that are intended to convey, more forcefully than by word of mouth, the “visitation of the t'ns of the fathers.” Vivian Winston plays the “girl” in the picture and Jerome Young the “boy.” The ‘beast” who perpetrates the white slave trade is Harry Roquemore. Owing to its nature, the picture, it is said, must be segregated audiences. “Is Your Daughter Safe?" is on view at the Murat this week. (By the Observer.)
OCT. 11, 1927
Mr. Fixit Worries of a Pedestrian Are Unburdened in Letter.
Let Mr. Flxlt, the Times’ represcnUtlve at cltv hail, present your troubles to city officials. Write Mr. Flxlt at Ths Times. Names and addresses which must be given, will not be published. Worifts of a pedestrian were unburdened today in a letter to Mr. Fixit: Dear Mr. Fixit: My nerves are shot. Visions of death in the near offing are ever before me. Frequently I awaken with a start, finding myself in the act of jumping out of bed. And all because of your traffic system—if you have one. Now I am npt a grouch. Generally speaking, I am a Kindly soul and I want to get along in the world, at peace with my neighbors. But this traffic thing has just about got my goat. I stand on a curbing and wait for the traffic policeman’s “Go” sign. He gives it. I step from the sidewalk and an automobile comes whizzing around the come.' without warning. Too late to turn back, I dash for the middle of the street, only to be cut off by a street car. Then—- “ Pee-wee,” say the traffic whistle and the sign is against me. I stand there with autos and busses and trucks and all the other vehicles imaginable dashing to my right, dashing to my left, dashing in front of me, dashing behind me. Cold perspiration stands upon my brow. My knees tremble, my hands shake as though with the palsy. “Pee-wee” says the traffic whistle. Ah, the sign again is with me. I start for the sidewalk, an auto dashes around the other comer and heads me off. By the time I reach my destination I am a nervous wreck. I am anew arrival in Indianapolis. I want to be a good citizen of your beautiful and progressive city. But, Mr. Fixit, won’t you please do something about this traffic tangle, lest I perish of sheer nervous excitement. What your great city needs is a system that would give some recognition to the rights of pedestrians. And say, Mr. Fixit, I would be more than glad to kick in on a fund for traffic whistles that have some note other than “Pte-Wee.” S. J. N. Traffic Captain Lester E. Jones told Mr. Fixit he had struggled with the problem for years and several attempts had been made to get city council to pass a "Jay walker’s” law with teeth. The present system was established by city ordinance. Jones said the turning of street at so many downtown corners added to the traffic jam. “As far as whistles are concerned we use the best in the country,” Jones said.
Questions and \ Answers
You can get an answer to any question of fact or information bv writing to The Indianapolis Times Washington Bureau, 1322 New York Ave., Washington, D. C„ inclosing 2 cents in (tamps for reply. Medical, legal and marital advice cannot Be given nor can extended research be urmeriaken. All other questions will receive a personal reply. Unsigned requests cannot be answered. All letters arc confidential.—Editor. Is Ruth Mix, who plays in the movies, any relation to Tom Mix? She is his daughter. When was the railway built that runs from Jaffa to Jerusalem? In 1892. The lint was dismantled by the Turks during the war and had to be rebuilt. Has the United States ever been completely out of debt? In 1834 President Jackson announced the extinction of the national debt and in 1838 the surplus in the Treasury was divided among the States. This is the only time in its history that the United States has been out of debt. What causes frost? When the temperature is 32 degrees F. or below, the moisture in the air freezes on plants and other objects near the surface of the earth where the temperature is colder. Frost is really ice, but the particles which are very small, separate from each other in such a way as to reflect rays of light, which accounts for the white appearance. Which is the shorter route across the Atlantic, the northern or southern? The northern route is shorter because a straight line from point to point on a globe or sphere )• the shortest distance between two points. It appears longer on ordinary maps, because they are Mercator projections, which exaggerate the size of northern areas. By measuring a lobe representing the earth with a piece of string, one end of which is at New York City and the other at Liverpool, London or Paris, it will be seen that It passes over what is the northern route for trans-Atlantic steamers, or nearly so. In summer time, Atlantic liners take the southern route to avoid icebergs which come down into the north Atlantic during the summer season. •
Stage Verdict LYRIC—Jack De Sylvia presents a fine revue of fashions and dance with his company of Ladies of Fashion. Dressed In feathers and brilliants it is a brilliant act in eight scenes. KEITH’S—The main event at Keith’s this week is the movie version of “Allas the Deacon.” They have made a mighty human movie out of this stage hit. COLONIAL Robert St. Clair has caught the real spirit of Merton in “Merton of the Movies.” A most human and interesting performance. Good support.
MURAT—“Is Your Daughter Safe?” is being shown to women m the afternoon and to men at night. MUTUAL has Lee Hickman, Margie Pennetti and others in the cast.
