Indianapolis Times, Volume 39, Number 84, Indianapolis, Marion County, 17 August 1927 — Page 4

PAGE 4

The Indianapolis Times (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER) Owned and published dally (except Sunday) by The Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214-320 W. Maryland Street, Indianapolis. Ind. Price In Marlon County, 2 cents —10 cents a week: elsewhere, 3 cents—l 2 cents a week. BOYD OURLEY, ROY W. HOWARD. W. A. MAYBORN, Editor. President. Business Manager. PHONE-MAIN 3500 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 17, 1927. Member of United Press, Scrlpps-Howard Newspaper Alliance, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Newspaper Information Service and Audit Bureau of Circulations. “Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way” —Dante

SCRIPPJ-HOWAJtD

We Are Not Interested In Anarchists One of the strange things about the Sacco-Van-zetti case is that so many people fail to understand why there is such an insistent demand all over the world for se new trial. Because the men are avowed anarchists an impression seems to prevail that they ought to be executed anyhow, without bothering about the kind of trial they had. That isn’t the point at all. Whether they were Anarchists, Communists, Socialists, Republicans, Democrats, wets, drys, Protestants, Catholics, Jews or Mohammedans has nothing to do with the case, or with the attitude of many people who have no sympathy at all with anarchy, Communism or any other form of radicalism. The interest of such people Is in American justice, without the slightest regard for political or other beliefs of Sacco and Vanzetti. Nor is this interest stimulated by any concern about the former shoemaker and fish peddler as individuals. Justice doesn’t concern itself with the opinions and beliefs of individuals. It cares nothing about race, religion, creed, politics or color. The only religion involved is the Golden Rule, which says that we shall do unto others as we would have them do unto us. And what anybody anywhere on earth may think of these men cuts no figure in the minds of the many who have been demanding a fair trial. We are all concerned, however, in what the world may think of American justice, and that is why we want to be sure that Sacco and Vanzetti get justice—not because they are anarchists, but in spite of that fact. We still want to have what the founders of the Republic called a decent respect for the opinion of mankind. The entire trouble and controversy grew out of the fact that there is a wide-spread belief that Sacco and Vanzetti did not get a fair and impartial trial, and the further fact that there is a reasonable doubt of their guilt. If they were to get anew trial in open court and before an impartial and unprejudiced judge and jury, and were then to be found guilty, the world that now protests would be content to have the laws of Massachusetts take their course, even though the end were electrocution. This newspaper is vigorously opposed to anarchism, Communism and Socialism. We believe in the preservation of the family as the unit of organized society. We believe in the right of property as well as the rights of humanity. We believe in a form of government which recognizes that the State was made for man and not man for the State; so we do not believe in Sovietism or fascism. On the contrary, we believe in the right of every man to develop to the highest whatever there is in him as an individual to develop. And we believe earnestly in the Constitution of the United States as the founders made it, and particularly in the first ten amendments, known as the bill of rights. Under that Constitution every individual is guaranteed protection in certain human rights; and all that those who now demand a square deal for these two miserable anarchists ask is that they be protected in their right to justice, just as any one of us would want to be protected. , Our interest is in justice, not in two individuals who happen to be named Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. We would like to see a nasty situation cleared up so that not only all American citizens, but all people everywhere#'would respect our country as one where justice prevails. Spain Nationalizes Oil The international oil situation develops merrily. When Mexico took steps to nationalize her oil industry, the United States State Department seemed ready to declare war at once. Now comes Spain with a similar plan. Under royal decree, Spain proposes to establish a national oil monopoly. Will Secretary of State Kellogg get Just as hard boiled with King Alphonso 'as ho tried to get with President Calles? If consistency is a jewel, he will. Mexico demanded that American oil companies surrender their Mexican property titles and accept fifty-year concessons instead. Spain will demand apparently that American oil companies sell their Spanish properties outright and quit business pronto. It is true that much more American oil money is invested in^. Mexico than in Spain. But money is money, and doesn’t one dollar have just as much right,to expect protection by bayonet and battleship as another? It is true that the Mexican move affected the source of supply while the Spanish move threatens only *to affect one of the world markets. But, after all, what will it avail American companies to produce oil if they have no place to sell it? And it is to be noted that though the companies can continue to drill and pump in Mexico for half a century they will apparently have to quit selling in Spain at once, if not sooner. It is true that, even under the government monopoly, much of the 60 to 70 per cent of the Spanish supply now imported from America will continue to find its way into Spain. But there will always be danger that the government monopoly will follow the trail blazed by the Spanish Porto Pi Company and turn to the Russian fields. And, /more than that, this Spanish move will inevitably encourage other European countries, in half a dozen of which nationalization of oil is either under way or discussion. Plainly, it is up to Secretary Kellogg to unsheath his sword anew and tell King Alphonso to keep hands off. But will the secretary do it? Perhaps not. War with Mexico is one thing and war with Spain is another. German Courage The Junker monoplanes, the Bremen and the Europa, failed in the attempt to fly across the Atlantic, from Germany to the United States. The Europa did not get beyond the German coast. The Bremen went as far as Ireland before turning back. "After smelling the fogs of the Atlantic," Pilot August Loose told (he United Press, “we decided not to risk the airplane in a fight against adverse winds. W turned her nose toward home." was a wise decision and as courageous as

it was wise. The Germans took off against the best judgment of the weather-wise, and to have barged out over the North Atlantic and tried to make Chicago or New York in the face of fog and head winds would have been foolhardy. It sometimes requires more sheer courage to turn back than to go on. This was one of those times. But German aviators dc not have to prove their courage to Amercians or to the world. Better luck, old fellows, next time. One of Civilization’s Mysteries A man faces death in the electric chair. And he decides that he would rather die by the gnawing, torturous process of starvation. And when it seems that he may succeed it is reported that the gaoler, If necessary, will feed him forcibly that he may be in fit trim to die. And why? That, facing the electric chair, he may be made fully aware of the enormity of his crime so that he may not be tempted to do such a thing again? It seems not. He will be promptly dead. No, it must be for the benefit of others that he is saved to die. Perhaps so that the State, representing the people, may proclaim, “We thwarted that man. He chose to starve himself, but we crammed food down his throat so that now, with proper ceremonials, we may burn him with electricity.” A warning to those who might be tempted to commit crime. Perhaps, but probably very mysterious to those who are not civilized. Edison Becames a Burbank Word that Thomas A. Edison is to take up the quest of a rubber plant which can be grown in the United States and so give this country a rubber supply to make it independent of foreign rubber growing monopolies may strike many people as strange. For Edison is primarily a experimenter with material forces rather than with plant life. Edison as a Burbank creating anew plant is not, however, such a far-fetched conception as it might seem at first glance. Edison’s success has been principally due to his painstaking laboratory work. In developing his lamp filaments, he tried every sort of metal and fiber that could be found or manufactured. In perfecting his storage battery, he used the same method—constant painstaking trial after trial—and by the process of elimination achieved his desired results. It is just such method that will bring success in the search for a temperate zone rubber plant. The good burgomaster of Cologne told visitors the United States was the only nation able to give Europe eternal peace. Still, it would be quite a job to kill them all off. ' Women made books In the middle ages, says a headline. We saw a wedding the other day ana are moved by the thought that there still are some pretty game gamblers among them. A novelist wants to bring about a “tipless" America. He declared the practice is due to fear. When we have the next war, we’re going to let the Pullman porters do our fighting for us. When the next Congress assembles something ought to be done about the man who goes around slapping sunburned shoulders. A town In New Jersey has banned auto driving on Sunday. In other communities the drivers take care of that themselves. New York poultrymen have been advised to feed hens wet mash to stimulate production. But how about the eighteenth amendment? A French tug picked up a canoeist who had paddied across the English channel. Probably some Legionaire who rowed over for the convention. British newspapers urged assignment of Lord Balfour to the Geneva disarmament conference. Maybe somebody over there was trying to Bok peace. A pair of stockings is plural, according to the United States customs court. Some of those we’ve seen were singular. A woman In Great Britain recently was severely injured when she tripped over her skirt. Now that IS news. A Minnesota town held a lawnmowing contest. At last a chance to put young brother’s hair grease to something useful. Batching is that summer period which a man looks forward to and is darn glad when it's over. f Now that Rumania has a six-year-old monarch would you say a cat may play with a king?

Law and Justice

By Dexter M. Ket-zer

A man learned of a chance to buy a piece of property at what he thought was a very low price. He did not have enough money to pay the total purchase price, so sought to borrow enough from a building and loan association to make up the balance. The building and loan association told him that it would not be able to make such a loan for ninety days and then promptly purchased the property for itself. The man sought a court order requiring the building and loan association to turn'the property over to him at the price at which it had been sold to it. He contended that when he had told the building and loan association about the possible purchase, the company had assumed a position of trust, and had no right to go behind his back and purchase the property in its own account. The company contended it had done no more than exercise a legitimate busiHOW WOULD YOU DECIDE THIS CASE? The actual decision: The Supreme Court of Maryland decided that the company was not required to turn the property over to the man. It said that the man's application for a loan and consequent description of the property imposed no obligation on the company not to purchase it on its own account.

THE INDIAN AHOLIiS TIMES

W. E. TRACY SAYS: It Is Becoming Too Common a Habit With American Cities to Maintain Law and Order by Merely Shoving Criminals and Bums Out of Town.

CLEVELAND, Ohio, Aug. 17.—The crime record is full of bizarre titles. There has been Jack the Rippers and Lone Wolves without number, just to mention a few. It remained for Cleveland to strike the peak of originality with an “adhesive tape" bandit, and a “smoked glass’’ bandit. An “absorbent cotton” bandit would round out an immortal trinity. This does not mean that Cleveland is suffering from a worse crime wave than the average American city, but that it has taken on a singularly poetic form. Preparedness Didn't Pay Speak: ng of the crime wave and its effect., a story is going the rounds here which illustrates what often happens when the citizen undertakes to protect himself. A suburban resident, whose business calls upon him to drive about the cou.itry in a horse rig and to keep quite a bit of cash in his pocket, decided that hold-ups were becoming too numerous for him to go unarmed. He not only bought a gun. but sought to perfect himself in its use by a little practice. Having stopped his horse on a deserted byway one evening, he calmly stood up in the wagon and took a shot at a convenient tree. Not having been broken to firearms, the horse decided to leave right there, which caused the parvi of the first part much difficulty :n maintaining his equilibrium. During the performance the gun went off a second time, and the horse was shot through the head, though whether by design of accident does not appear. In an orderly region like this, no such bombardment could occur even in a far away suburb without attracting official attention, and as might have been expected, the police put in a quick appearance. After a thorough investigation, the citizen was fined $5 for carrying concealed weapons. Passing the Buck Chicago’s chief of detectives, William O’Connor, has a different cure for banditry. He thinks most of the gunmen are crazy, and whether they are or not, the possibility of being declared so is enough to scare them away. Hereafter when a bandit is caught in Chicago he will be taken before a psychopathic commission to tost his sanity. O’Connor believes that many of them will be found insane. What is more to the point, he believes that many will flee the city rather than take the chance of being found insane. An easy way for Chicago to rid herself of bandies, perhaps, but how about the places where they go? When all is said and done, Mr. O’Connor’s scheme looks like just another way of passing the buck. It is becoming too common a habit with American cities to maintain law and order by merely shooing criminals and bums out of town. Bryan B'acks Reed Charles W. Bryan, former Governor of Nebraska and Democratic candidate for the vice presidency, says that Senator Reed of Missouri is acceptable to him as the party standard bearer in 1928. This is significant because he is a dry while Mr. Reed is a wet. He clears up the situation by declaring that the American people, but especially those living in the Middle West, are too interested in economic issues to talk about j>rohibition at this time. It is his opinion that the Democratic party’s only hope consists in a program which promises relief for the farmer and from monopoly. Mr. Bryan is correct in assuming that economic issues have come to the front. Whether as Democrats or Republicans, the people of this country want their politics translated into business terms. They are tired of the vaporizing about questions which were important before the railroad, telephone and automobile came into being, but which were sidetracked by more pressing problems twentyfive or thirty years ago. They would like to have the parties discuss up-to-date affairs, if nothing else. Reed Vs, Smith As to Senator Rped’s candidacy, it is undoubtedly strengthened by what Mr. Bryan says. Bryan is not only recognized as a party leader of considerable standing, but as a man who knows the sentiment of his section. His position removes the idea that Senator Reed is sure to be opposed by all the drys. It also indicates the possibility that Reed may be selected by the West and, perhaps, the South, too, as A1 Smith’s chief opponent for the Democratic presidential nomination. What is the value of a SSO Confederate note dated 1864? Such notes are worth $1.50 per hundred notes for clean and crisp notes.

Do You Know — That during the first seven months of the year, twentythree girls made their home regularly at the Catholic Women s Association, a Community Fund agency, and fifty girls were given temporary shelter and care until they were established in other boarding homes?

Lindy’s View of the County Fair

(Kokomo Dispatch) If Abraham Lincoln were living in the State of Indiana today would he be declared guilty of contempt of court and sentenced to serve sixty days on the Indiana State penal farm? Lincoln on who knows but that such a fate ~ would befall the Great Emancipator the renal if he were living in this day when Farm f criticism, of the State’s Supreme Court, is dangerous? It is likely that Abe Lincoln would have laid himself liable to such chastisement if he were living today and believed that the court’s decisions were erroneous. For the records show that Abraham Lincoln did criticise the decisions of an even higher court than a State Supreme Court and that court was the United States Supreme Court, the highest court in the land. The decision which brought forth a vigorous and eloquent address filled with biting criticism of the highest tribunal in the country was no other than the famous Dred Scott decision of 1857. The Dred Scott decision, it will be remembered, declared that the Negro was a chattel and that he could be taken any place by his owner, whether the State into which the owner took him sanctioned slavery by its own laws or not, thus nationalizing the institution of slavery. History shows that Lincoln criticised that decision vigorously and without mincing words. He declared the decision erroneous, inferred that it had been made out of partisan bias, and asserted that it was based upon assumed historical facts which were not really true. He boldly declared that the court had been known to overrule his own decisions and that he would do what he could to get it to overrule itself in this case. But Abraham Lincoln was not arrested for contempt of court for criticising the United States Supreme Court’s decisions, though E. S. Shumaker has been arrested and sentenced to serve sixty days on the Indiana penal farm for criticising decisions of the Indiana Supreme Court. Though Lincoln came almost as close to hinting political castigation of the court as did Shumaker, he was not arrested, convicted and sentenced. One only needs to glance over history to realize that a far-reaching decision threatening to limit the

Fred Kelsey and Edward Small to Be Mulligan and Garrity in Film Version of “The Gorilla’’

Anew screen team. With the signing yesterday of Fred Kelsey for the role of Mulligan, the other half of those famous detectives. Mulligan and Garrity, in “ The Gorilla,” anew screen team will be introduced to the public. Edward Small, the man who originated the teaming of Charlie Murray with George Sidney in “The Cohens and the Kellys,” and of Murray with Chester Conklin in “McFadden’s Flats,” has come forward with anew partner for Murray in Fred Kelsey. Charlie Mur-

To the Editor: Your editorials regarding the Shumaker contempt case are well written and present the case in the light of truth and wisdom. The freedom of speech and freedom of the press, rights guaranteed under the bill of rights have been trampled on time and time again in this country, not only by courts but by over-zealous police departments and so-called law enforcement associations like the Anti-Saloon League and-other professional reform organizations. Freedom of speech and of the press, although a boasted privilege in the U. S. A., is more of a myth than a fact. From the time of the beginning of this Nation down to the present time, men who have differed with the powers that be have paid the price. In recent yea :s we have several illustrations of this case. This is expecially true during the late war, when men were thrown in jail for opposing the entry of this country into the war. Robert W. La Follette came within an inch of being thrown out of the Senate and into disgrace because he did not share the war views of the majority. Eugene V. Debs was thrown into jail because he expressed his views of warfare and its causes and consequences. In a national Demofcratic convention several years ago Senator James Reed was excommunicated because he opposed the views of the majority. Even in foreign countries where freedom of speech is more liberal than with us, men are jailed because of indiscrete remarks. We need not go back as far as Socrates and Jesus, we need not go back farther than 1914 when Ramsey

What Other Editors Think

ray was signed for the part o': Garrity some weeks ago, while th signing of Kelsey culminates a tenweeks’ search for the other half of the team. Kelsey Is a screen veteran of eighteen years’ experience as a director, actor and producer. For the past twelve years, however, he has confined himself to the grease paint and almost exclusively to portraying detectives, district attorneys and similar types. “The Gorilla” is now being produced at First National’s West Coast

Times Readers ’ Editorials

MacDonald was execrated in England, where expression is freer than with us. But, of course, that was in war. In times of peace and plenty judges and courts should be a little more broad-minded and a little more tolerant, especially in a country where all men are equal and free. I hold no brief for the AntiSaloon League or the other holier-than-thou organizations. I have no patience with the professional reformer—in fact there is no creature on the face of the earth thet 1 despise more—but when the courts of this State attempt to send a man to jail for expressing views, they are doing something which in later years may be regretted. Mr. Shumaker himself has neve:*

Questions and Answers

For what is litmus paper used? Litmus paper iS\ bibulous paper dipped into a solution of litmus and is used to test solutions to determine whether they are acid or alkaline. Litmus is a blue dyestuff made by tormenting certain coarsely powdered liches. It is turned red by acids and retoms to its original color when heated with an alkali. What is “lard oil?” A lubricating and illuminating oil expressed from lard. What makes the colors on the clouds at sunrise and sunset? Are the clouds colored on the portions not visible to the human eye? Colors of clouds at sunrise and

public’s right of freedom of speech has been made in this Shumaker case. Many have been the decisions of courts that have been freely criticised. For instance, there was the decision of the United States Supreme Court in 1895 declaring an income tax unconstitutional. There was bitter criticism by the press and from the public platform, some speakers and editors even going to length of declaring that one judge, who had suddenly changed his views, thus making a decision possible, had been bribed! But there were no arrests for contempt of court. (Rensselaer Republican) Senator Watson of Indiana, chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission, is said to be working on a bill that would continue the Federal Radio Commission as an administrative orRadio ganization and extend its jurisdiction to other agencies of communication. ana This and other moves and remarks inPolitics dicate certain members of Congress, and more particularly of the Senate, do not want to see radio administration pass from the commission to Secretary Hoover on April 23, 1928, as the radio a£t of 1927 provides. A study of the bitter fight in Washington last winter over radio control awakens doubt that the proposed changes are actuated by a desire for better radio. That fight was traced directly to the enmity of certain Senators against Secretary Hoover. Without denying his ability to handle the situation, they bitterly opposed adding to his powers. Congress should keep the history of the radio case in mind next winter and, unless it finds there are sound reasons for drasitc changes, should limit alterations of the present radio law to provisions which the commission feels should be strengthened. Radio control is a delicate and complex subject. And it is too vital a subject to be tinkered with by partisans who may be actuated solely by blind and jealous fear of the Administration or one of its agents. With few exceptions, radio listeners throughout the country are satisfied with the progress thus far made by the radio commission, but see no reason why, now that it has laid the ground work, it cannot accomplish as much as a board of appeals as it has as an administrative agency. And that is all the law contemplates.

studios, with Alfred Santell directing and Edward Small personally supervising. It will be released by First National as a special. Indianapolis theaters today offer: “The Wolf” at Keith’s, “Pollyanna” at English’s, Markwith Brothers and Eddy Eddy at the Lyric, “The Callahans and Murphys” at the Indiana, “Paid to Love” at the Circle, “Twelve Miles Out” at the Apollo, “The Covered Wagon” at the Ohio, and movies at the Isis.

respected the individual rights of citizens. He has been unmerciful in the prosecution of men arrested for violating the liquor laws. He is opposed to the theory that a man’s home is his palace and should be safe from unlawful invasion by liquor raiders. The bill of rights meant nothing to him. It Is indeed ironical that he should be caught in the trap which he so cunningly set for others. Instead of sending Shumaker to jail for thirty days for contempt of court, Indianapolis and Indiana would be better off if he was deported on grounds of being a common nuisance and a disturber of the peace. Yours very truly, CONNOR J. O’ROURKE.

sunset are due to reflection of the sun’s rays on the masses of vapor which compose clouds. In regard to the colors of the portions of the clouds not visible to the human eye the answer is that in the absence of an eye to see, no such thing as color exists. Color is the effect produced upon the retina of an eye by the transmission to it cf light rays. It cannot be said that clouds exhibit color on the sides turned away from an observer, but if an observer were present (for example, in an aeroplane) they would appear colored. Where and when was Charles Lindbergh born? Detroit, Feb. 4, 1902.

a\. ±r, iyzr

Why U Weathc?

By Charles Fitzhugh Talman Authority on Meteorology

INDIA’S WBMONSOON The climate of lia is dominated by two seasonal ds; the northeast monsoon ofter and spring, and the southwest n soon of summer and later normally brings the “\is” from midJune to mid-Septoer, and is of such vital importat to the country that when a ter on India refers to “the mofcn” without specifying which on ie nearly always means the soutesi monsoon, or the rainy season i which it is responsible. Concerning the eccfcnic aspects of this moisture-bear); wind, Mr. E. A. Chapman writes: “The monsoon is toudia what the annual overflow dthe Nile is to Egypt. If it is favom e —i. c., if the rainfall is plentiful widely distributed, a year of Sty is assured. If it fails a busies depression is sure to folow, aerops will be short, and the large jricultural element which it is estimjed makes up 80 to 90 per ctnt of;he total population, restricts its purchases to bare necessities. In daj gone by a failure of the non son meant famines, in which thouspds and even millions died of huger and pestilence. “Every walk of Indiar, life Is vitally affected by the Aonsoon. Every individual, whther Ifarmer, banker, manufactuer, foreign trader, merchant, baaar dealer or laborer, watches eaerly k>r the coming of the monsoo and fiiscuss its progress with The whole business commuity remains in a state of uncertaity until the success or failure of tht rains is established. “When the rains subsie in October and it becomes geneuiy known that they have been videspread and general, the comiunity becomes light-hearted, the sock market becomes active, merchnts commence placing orders andthe buying public loosens its pur,si strings." (All rights reset red by Science Srvice, Inc.

Mr. Fixit Grade Lines Must BeSet Before Scraping.

Grade lines must be establshed on streets before the street cjmmissioner’s force will scrape and oil the roadway, Mr. Fixit learned oday. The board of public worts awards contract for the grade Uro work at the expense of property owners along the improved street. Mr. Fixit: Please try to get our street, Gimber, scraped and oiled. It needs both. Thanking you for past services. A MR. FIXIT FAN. Nothing can be done about this until the grade line is established, Mr. Fixit: Will you please see if you can have the weeds cut on vacant lots east of Lancaster St., beginning at the 4500 block on E. Thirtieth St.? People are getting hay fever from them. There is a large sign on the lot facing Thirtieth St. A PROPERTY OWNER. Weeds on the lot. next to your property will be cut by the city forces. Mr. Fixit: Will you please help us to get the weeds out on the four corners of Thirteenth St. and Riley Ave.? They have grown as tall as a person. Not only are they a disgrace to the neighborhood, but they are not healthy. A TIMES READER. Men have been sent out to investigate this condition. They will do what they can. Mr. Fixit: I wish to call your attention to the condition in which E. Tenth St. has been left, between Ewing and Kealing Sts., by the contractors who put in the new pavement under the new elevation. They piled large piles of gravel in the street and ran over it with large heavy trucks until the surface is all cut full of small holes. This street is not very old and was in good condition, and if it is not fixed soon before the heavy traffic starts under the elevation it will soon will wear out. AN EATS SIDER. The street inspector says the contractor will be required to take care of this street. Mr. Fixit: The sign post that stood on the corner E. Merrill St. and Smith Lane has been down for some time. It will be appreciated very much by the residents of this community if the sign post was put up again. It is a very helpful one to strangers. A RESIDENT OF E. MERRILL St. The light company has been requested by the street department to put the sign up.

Brain Teasers

Anyone should be able to do fairly well on this quiz, for the answers are practically given with the questions. Correct replies are on page 14: 1. Is the Ganges a river in India, Egypt, or Persia? 2. Is Rudyard Kipling's “Gunga Din” a poem, a novel, or a short story? 3. Is amber a mineral, a fossL* resin, or an artificially produced chemical compound? 4. Is Great Salt Lake in Wyoming. Utah, or Idaho? 5. Is General Grant buried in Washington, Cairo, 111., or NewjYork City? 6. Was “Scaramouche” written by Blasco Ibanez, Rafael Sabatini, or Anatole France? 7. Is the boomerang a native weapon in the Philippines, Australia, or Java? 8. Who said, “Give me liberty or give me death.” Benjamin Franklin, Barbara Frietche, or Pa'rick Henry? 9. Is the capitol of New Zealand, Melbourne, Sydney, or Wellington? 10. Is peat a tree bark, a sod, or ft low grade of mined coal?