Indianapolis Times, Volume 38, Number 270, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 February 1927 — Page 1

FINAL EDITION

VOLUME 37—NUMBER 270

13 ARRESTED HERE BY DRY RAIDERS

List of Dead at 24 in Western Storm

THOUSANDS HEAR REED RAT UP. Bu United Press KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb. 16. “Reed Dinner” of the “light* Tenth” ward, one of Missouri’s most powerful Democratic organizations, turned out to be the largest and most significant political banquet in the history of Kansas Cjty last night. It was rocked by a bedlam of enthusiasm when eminent State politicians unofficially nominated United States Senator James A. Reed their favorite for President. While more than 1,200 loyalists were cheering Reed and speakers were eulogizing him as “the Patrick Henry of this generation,” and “greater than Andrew Jackson,” Reed was speaking in Indianapolis. “Harry*M. Daughter}-—as corrupt a wretch as ever crawled across the page of time. . . . "The man who will corrupt a ballot commits treason to the Unite 4 States. . . . “The red line of corruption runs through the Capitol of the Nation and across the White House grounds. . . . These and similarly stirring phrases, today still rang in the ears of thousands who heard United States Senator James A. Reed of Missouri before the Indiana Democratic Editorial Association dinner at the Claypool Tuesday evening.

The text of Senator Reed’s address is printed on Page 4.

The speech was broadcast over by The Times with co-opera-Hbn of the Indianapolis Power and Uight Company, Beadle Elected E. P. Beadle, Rockport, Ind., today was elected president of the association, succeeding Thomas McCulluogh, of Anderson. Beadle has been first vice president of the organization. Other officers elected were John Day De Prez, Shelbyville, first vice {.resident; Miller Ellingliam, Ft. Wayne, second vice president; Dick Heller, Decatur, secretary, and John Faulkner, Michigan City, treasurer. Heller was formerly treasurer. The midsummer meeting will be held at Wyandott Cave, eleven miles from Corydon, at call of the pres, ident. The meeting is generally held some time in June. Exposed Corruption Reed, the man who exposed corruption in many State primaries last year, based his address upon a plea for a return to governmeal guarantee of fundamental human liberty. He cited the foundation of human liberty upon which Thomas Jefferson wrote many of the first laws of the Nation, and then showed how corruption fastened upon the Government. He charged that corrupt interests gained their strongest hold upon the Government after the death of Abra-. ham Lincoln when protected industries, fattened by the warn, insisted that the tariff barrier be kept up,” They promised to let the bars down when industry got on its feet. They ■ever have let go,” Reed declared. speaker charged that the Reparty has been kept by corrupt money interests since the Civil War. Citing specific instances of proven Borruption since the days after the Revolution, when it was shown that stock in a bank was given Congressmen to vote for a banking Ineasure sponsored by Alexander Hamilton, down through the years to the late Newberry, Teapot Dome md primary scandals, Reed declared that such trampling upon rights of th ordinary citizen were on a par with the more specific infringement )f sumptuary legislation. To Elect Beadle , He urged the Democratic party to stop seeking the votes of blocs by trimming its sails to catch every wayward wind and to run up the Hag of true democracy, to become Ihe champions of human liberty, to 'nsist that no law shall tell a man what to eat, drink, wear, think, write or say. More than 700 persons heard Reed it the Claypool. President Thomas McCullough, of the editorial association, presided. Dr. F. S. C. Wicks delivered the invocation. Mrs. A. P. Flynn, Democratic State chairwoman, ind R. Earl Peters, Deomcratic State chairman, spoke. It was expected that Edmund P. Beadle, vice president, would be slevated to the presidency of the association today. PELL MEASURE PASSED Pell bill, which met defeat in Indiana House of Representres Tuesday, was reconsidered toiay and passed, 88 to 0. Motion to reconsider the measure, which provides for disposition of surplus war chest funds, was made by Representative Addison Drake IDem.), Sullivan, minority floor leader.

Wind, Rain and Snow Sweep California —Slide Kills Eleven. Bu United Pre*e SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 16.—With the death toll mounting steadily as reports of additional storm dayiage came in from all sections of the State, California was swept by wind, rain and snows today. In snowslidfes, traffic accidents, train wrecks and other catastrophes at least twentyfour persons have met death during the past twenty-four hours. Eleven persons, ten men and a woman, were killed in an avalanche which buried a construction camp far back in the Sierras. Six of the bodies had been recovered today when fresh snowstorms swept down and forced cessation of the rescue work. It was considered improbable that any of the remaining victims could be alive. The engineer and one unidentified man were killed when a Union Pacific overland limited went through j a bridge near Whittier, Cal. At- ; tempts to lift the dining car, deep in the swirling torrent and learn whether any one else was killed were unsuccessful this afternoon. While rains swept the State, bringing the total precipitation in most sections to far over normal, high seas lashed the coast and imperiled shipping. Few boats were venturing forth. The San Francisco pilot boat Adventuress crept back through the Golden Gate after a night’s battle with the storm, in which a foremdst was swept away and other damage done. At Ventura, north of Los Angeles, a river burst its banks and endangered thirty families in an automobile camp. Summer cottages along the ocean were tied to trees in some sections, while other light structures were swept from their foundations into the sea. High winds blew through San Francisco early today, breaking windows in some sections, blocking street car traffic and doing other damage. At Richmond, across the bay, the wind reached the proportions of a small cyclone, wrecked a small office building, blew a garage into the bay and tied up electric and motor traffic. Laurel Canyon, a beautiful retreat on the outskirts of Hollywood, sustained a landslide which was reported to have crushed one or more houses. A woman and child were rescued with difficulty. Train service was demoralized throughout the State. Only one line was operating out of Los Angeles. San Diego was completely cut off from the rest of the State, having no railway, highway or wire communications. Gunmen Hard Hit in Senate Bill Gangsters who have played havoc with machine guns, bombs and airplanes in neighboring States, will be especially taken care of in Indiana if a bill introduced in the Senate today by Senator Russell B. Harrison (Rep.), Indianapolis, is passed. The bill provides that the possession of a machine gun, poison gas or bombs, by others than civil and military authorities, shall be deemed a felony and punishable by from one to five years imprisonment. Using such weapons, in automobiles, airplanes and the like will carry a prison sentence of from two to ten years.

LEAGUE OPPOSED TOUT. 01 BILL Members of the Beech Grove Civic League today presented to the Legislature a resolution asking defeat of House Bill No. 196, which provides horse thief detectives with authority of constables. The resolution was drafted by a committee composed of Thomas A. Gill, Bert Wilhelm, Edward Dux, W. J. Hubble and Jesse Rowbottom, following a mass meeting Monday night. The bill was described in the resolution as being “vicious and should be defeated.” “Under this bill, which does not require any qualification except citizenship, and ten morons, ex-convicts or other undesirable citizens could receive authority to carry arms and have police powers,” the resolution reads. MINE PARLEY MENACED fn United, Press MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 16.—Disruption of the coal mine wage scale conference was threatened today as delegates prepared to consider the proposal of Ohio and Indiana operators for arbitration by a commission. W. *H. Haskins, leader of the “insurgent” group of operators, warned that the commission proposal made yesterday was in the nature of an ultimatum and that hq might lead a bolt from the conference if it is turned down. The proposal provides for appointment of a commission of impartial members representing the public as well as miners and operators. •. ■ < - .. •

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TIMES PHOTOGRAPHERS ‘BATTLED’ TO GET THIS GRAND JURY PICTURE

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Members of Hie present Marion County grand jury: Left to ri^lit —Deputy Prosecutor William H. Sheaffer; I/e Williams, Camby, Ind.; Charles Wheeler, 1717 N. Talbott St.; Claude A. Achey, fill K. Twenty-Sec-ond St.; John D. Collett, 25 E. Thirty-Third St.; Charles L. Clark, 2511 Station St., and S. S. Sutton, Camby,

CONVICT ACCUSES THREE IN MURDER

Bu United Preee COLUMBUS, Ohio, Feb. 16.—After four years behind the walls of the Ohio Penitentiary, John Spires today caused the arrest of three persons for whose crime he claims he has innocently suffered. Spires caused the arrest of Newton rfdcGraw, wealthy Portsmouth business men; Charles McGraw, a cousin, and Mrs. Nellie McGraw Dixon, the -;irl for the love of .hem he claims he went to prison to save her father from disgrace. The three arrested, charged with connection with the murder and robbery of Robert F. Morris of Cincinnati and Nashville, Tenn., wer# held at Chlllicothe, Portsmouth and West Union following investigation of the unusual story told by Spires, who has served four years of a life sentence for the crime.

MURDERER OF WIFE DIES ON GALLOWS

Bu United Preee SHAWNEETOWN, 111., Feb. 16. Joe "Peck” Smith was hanged by Gallatin County authorities here today for the murder of his wile. He was pronounced dead by six physicians at 11:35, six minutes after the trap had been sprung. It was the second hanging ever conducted in Gallatin County. The other was in 1878 when Norris Middleton was executed for the murder of his wife, a crime similar in every detail to Smith's. Smith was calm in the face of death. Although he had to be assisted to the gallows by his attorneys, once there he regained composure and spoke in a clear voice. "If the people of Illinois and Gallatiii County want to take my life this way I am satisfied. I am innocent, but hold malice toward no one.” The black hood and noose were adjusted by Mort Hunter, who has

FISTIC CHALLENGE ISSUED IN HOUSE

Bu United Press WASHINGTON, Feb. 16.—A challenge for a boxing bout in the Houe gymnasium was issued in the House today by Representative Dickstein (Dem.), New York, to Representative Blanton (Dem.), Texas, who promptly agreed to. “go this eVening if the gentleman from New York wishes.” The challenge was the climax of a floor discussion of yesterday’s near riot in the House District of Columbia Committee involving Representatives Blanton and Bloom, New York,'and others. Representative Gallivan (Dem.), Massachusetts, introduced a resolution for a "boxing board” to govern future tilts between members, while Representative Carew (Dem.), New York, offered another resolution for joint committees of the House and Senate to superintend “bouts, fights and duels,” between members of the two bodies. Blanton claimed that in yesterday’s bout with Bloom he had only grasped the New Yorker’s wrists. “Well, you wouldn’t grab my

INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY, EEB. 16, 1927

The girl, Nellie McGraw, married since Spires sacrificed himself for the love of her. Spires first told authorij ties that he had taken responsibility ’ for the crime to save his sweetj heart's father when he learned that j the girl had married while he was in J prison. For tiiree years prison of- \ flcials have quietly investigated the ! circumstances. | They caused the arrest of McGraw, his daughter ad*Jiia cousin -JWtterday. When arraigned at Portsmouth on charges of murder the thrwwere ordered held under $20,000 bail each and were immediately removed to separate jails for safekeeping. Morris was killed in June, 1923. lie was robbed Os |2 ,000. Hla body was taken to Brush Creek near West Union, where It was found some days later. Spires was arrested in July and sentenced in December, 1923.

executed fifty-three men. The trigger releasing the tra p door was pulled by Sheriff George Green. The jury that found Smith guilty deliberated only fifteen minutes. Mrs. Smith was found beaten and clubbed to deal h lr. her bed on Nov. 2. Three neighbors summoned by Smith himself made the discovery and reported to authorities. 1 - They received telephone calls from Smith that "something had happened” when they at the Smith home, the murderer was sitting in the yard drunk. Throughout his trial and subsequent imprisonment. Smith protested innocence, saying that two atrangers who invaded his home were responsible for the murder. Smith’s father is reputed to be wealthy, but is said to have denied his son money for defense at the requent of his second wife, who, coincidentally, Is a sister of the murdered woman.

wrists,” interrupted Dickstein'as he issued the challenge to the gymnasium bout. This exchange was ended when Representative Beedy (Rep.), Maine, made a point of order that the debate was out of order, adding that the talk was “getting to be a disgrace to the House, when we have one member challenging another to go over to the gymnasium to fight.” CHINESE WAGE BATTLE Bu United Pres* SHANGHAI, Feb. 16.—Heavy fighting was reported today in the vicinity of Hangchow and a Cantonese victory over the defending army of Marshal Sun Chuan-Fang would put the nationalists at Shanghai’s door. While reports arrived of the battle in the Province of Chekiang, south of Shanghai, 1,700 British Indian troops from the Punjab arrived and marched through the city before returning to their ship.

Foreman Collett Thought Investigation Business Too Serious. While a highly amused crowd of about seventy-five persons cheered the “contestants” this morning Times reporters and photographers and John D. Collett, foreman of the Marlon County grand jury, staged an amateur track and field meet on the courthouse lawn. The prize was a picture of the grand jury—something Collett has kept newspapers from getting for several weeks. When two photographers attempted to snap the grand jurors as they came out of the Delaware Ht. entrance of the courthouse, Collett lunged at one. The reporter dodged. The next fi’teen minutes was a comedy of dodging, twisting and chasing by Collett and the photographers in which these camera men got "several very fine specimen* of their'skill at notching subjects on the run. They have been filed. Finally, both sides out of breath, a truce was declared, and Collett consented to pose with the other Jurors. Collett declared he did not want his picture printed because “this grand jury Is a serious matter. Some one might see that picture and decide to bump me off.” Meanwhile the grand jury has not resumed the inquiry Into Indiana political corruption, as per recommendation of the last grand jury. The Jury visited Julietta, county hospital for the insane, and Sunnyside Tuberculosis Sanitarium today.

PANIC AVERTED BY TACT OF FIREMEN Extreme quiet on the part of firemen early today averted a panic at the Central Insane Hospital, W. Washington St. Patients in the women’s dormitory were unaware that a fire broke out in the adjoining dining room and kitchen at 2 a. m. Firemen, under Captain W. L. Osborn, Engine Company 18, called by a night watchman, sized up conditiohs, silenced the motors and glided up to the dining room. Using hand extinguishers they put out the blaze with little loss and no noise. A window frame and wall were afire. A dishcloth, placed on a steam radiator, is believed to have Ignited. A policy emergency squad, headed by 'Lieut. Fred Winkler, answered the alarm, but were not needed. Other than a few attendants, no one knew of the fire. CANNING BILL PASSED The Worley-Storen bill passed the House of Representatives Tuesday by a vote of 71 to 25. The bill provides for the seizure and destruction of adulterated canned goods. William Storen (Dem.), Jefferson and Scctt, a canner and co-author of the bill, declared that at present Indiana "is being overrun with ‘bootlegged’ canned products." The bill, he said, was necessary to public health. Representative Lonzo L. Shull (Rep.), Howard and Tipton, declared the bill favored the large canners and would prove ruinous to small concerns. Representative Arthur L. Hiatt (Rep.), Madison, a canner, opposed the bill. Representative Robert E. Worley (Rep.), Vigo, co-author of the bill spoke in favor of It. WOULD EXEMPT CHAMBERB Exemption from taxation of all Chambers of Commerce in Indiana was proposed in the House of Representatives today In a bill introduced by Representative Edward J. Braun (Dem.), Allen. A similar bill was defeated in the Senate.

Outside of Marion County 13 Cents Ptr Week. Stacie Conies

U. S. LIQUOR PROBE HITS OFFICIALS A sweeping Federal probe of booze irregularities in northern Indiana counties, involving several county officials, and which has resumed in the suspension of four State policemen, was announced here today by George L. Winkler, deputy prohibition administrator. Evidence will be presented the United States grand jury, which meets Feb. 23. Announcement of the police suspension was made by State Police Chief R. T. Humes. Mass of Evidence „ .. A mass of detailed evidence has been gathered by Chicago agents. The Chicago men were assisted by several prohibition officers under Winkler. Startling disclosures will be made, Winkler said. Defendants will be accused of conspiring to defeat justice and violating the liquor laws by accepting bribes. Winkler would not go into detail on the system under which the alleged graft was taken. Four Suspended The suspended State policemen are: Lieut. Ralph White, Whiting; Charles W. Butterfield, Valparaiso; Arthur Brookman, Hammond, and William Gardner, Gary. White had charge In his district. Humes said he did not know whether the four policemen are involved In the Federal Investigation. The men were Suspended three weeks ago on order of Secretary of State Frederick E. Schortemeier when It was learned the United States dry agents were Investigating the alleged graft in their district, he said.

torso is not my DAUGHTER, SAYS ELKHART FATHER BULLETIN Bu United Preen MT. VERNON, Ind., Feb. 16. A telegram to the Mt. Vernon Democrat from Mrs. Jeremia Pedroza, Chicago, late today said that Mrs. John Fieder, formerly Mrs. Fred Neumann of Mt. Vernon, died Tuesday in a Chicago hospital, following an operation. It was thought the torso of a woman found at Sou.li Bend was that of Mrs. Fieder. Bu United Preen SOUTH BEND. Ind.. Feb. 16.—The latest theory as to the identity of tne headless, armless body of ar woman found on the banks of St. Joseph river here was exploded today when Porter Davis of Elkhart said the torso was not that of his daughter, Mrs. Julia Neumann Fiedler. Tuesday, Fred Neumann of Mt. Vernon wrote police here that the woman, his former wife, had divorced him and gone to Elkhart to marry another man and that both she and the man were missing. Neumann gave a description of his former wife which tallied with that of the torso. He also said she had certain scars on her body. Davis, wh£n he viewed the body, declared that although the scars on the torso were similar to that on his daughter’s body they were not placed similarly. Possibility that the victim was Mrs. Fiedler was also knocked out when it was established that she had remarried In Elkhart on Jan. 10 and had been seen the following day. Chemists say the body had been dead for at least five months. Meanwhile the inquest will be held this afternoon at 4. A verdict of murder is expected. A grand jury investigation has’’ been abandoned. VISITED BY “GHOST” Husband Reports Mysterious Knocking on Door and Queer Voice. By United Press m MT. VERNON, • Ind., Feb. 16- — Although South Bend police today abandoned a theory that the torso of a woman found there was Mrs. Julia Newmann Fiedler, former wife of Fred Neumann here, Neumann today clung to his belief that it was her body. Neumann wrote police at South Bend, reporting the mysterious disappearance of his wife after she had divorced him to go to Elkhart to marry another man. When his wife disappeared he consulted a fortune teller, he said. She told him: “Your wife will return. She will come knocking on your door in the night and you will hear her calling you.” Since January Neumann said there have been mysterious knocks on his door and has been awakened by a voice calling for him. He lives here with his two daughters, aged 5 and 8.

LATE MARKETS

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Federal Agents and Deputy Sheriffs Take Nine—Police, Working Alone, Hold Four. Thirteen persons were rounded up by dry raiders here today and raids were still going on this afternoon. Fifteen deputy sheriffs and Federal prohibition agents, under direction of Deputy Prohibition Administrator George L. Winkler and Sheriff Omer Hawkins, made nine arrests.

Police Raids In the police raids Lieutenant Claffey and Sergeant Barge said they found 225 gallons of wine at the home of Frank Lugar, 760 Haugh St. He waa arrested. Landis Wood, 31, and Frank Cobb, 45, 322 Sanders St., were arrested on blind tiger charges, and Mrs. Bertha Cobb, 45, of the same address, charged with interference with the proper procedure of tho law. Sergeant Cummings and squad attempted to enter the house after reading a search warrant to Mrs. Cobb and she refused to let them enter, they said. They broke down the door and found a still, three gallons of whisky and two gallons of mash, they said. Evidence gathered by five "under cover” men served as a basis for arrest warrants. Woman Held Police, working by themselves, raided two places and made four arrests. John Klarlch, 30, 25 S. West St.,

$187,000 BOOST FOR STATE BUDGET BILL

The Hsuse ways and means committee and the Senate finance committee, which have Jointly been considering the $48,000,000 bienhial apProposes Etiquette Ban on Cocktails Bu United Preee EVANSTON, 111., Feb. 16—Cocktall drinking is to be made a matter of bad etiquette, national officers of the W. C. T. U. announced today. The move will start Friday on the anniversary of the birth of Frances Willard, Mrs. Ella A. Boole, national president of W. C. T. U. announced. The campaign to make the surreptitious cocktail bad form will be national, she said. To that end Mrs. Boole has sent copies of a letter from Mrs. Gordon Norris, New York society leader, to all W. C. T. U. organizations in the country. Mrs. Norris’s letter explains that she never serves cocktails because she considers It bad taste. In addition to Mrs. Boole's letter, Miss Cora Frances Stoddard of Boston, director of scientific temperance education, is sending a letter which says that serving cocktails Is a midVictorian custom and should be "relegated to the antique shop along with pewter mugs and Georgian candlesticks.” Duel to Death in True Movie Style Bu United Preee _ _ . UNIVERSAL CITY, Feb. 16.—A thrilling movie duel on the Universal studio lot with real guns and without cameras clicking, left one motion picture man dead today and his adversary in jail suffering from a flesh wound. George Emerson, animal trainer, is dead. George Wonderley was taken to Jail, where he was treated for a wound in his hand. Friends of the two declared that a feud starting sixteen years ago when both were cowhands on the same ranch, was the cause of the fatal shooting. A movie "prop” street formed a Wild West setting for the duel. Gambling houses, saloons, dance halls and hitching posts formed the background when the two "shot it out.”

AUTO BODY FIRM ACQUIRES PLANT Mlllspaugh & Irish, auto body manufacturers, 730 E. Washington St., have purchased the main plant of the Midwest Engine Company, Martlndale Ave. and Nineteenth St., for $280,000, It was announced today. The firm expects to operate the Mid-West as part of their body building Industry. There are twentyfive buildings on the property, occupying more than twenty acres. SEEKS HOSPITAL SITE An appropriation of SIO,OOO Is requested in a bill introduced into the Indiana House of Representatives by Representative Harry V. Brown (Rep.), today for purchase of u tuberculosis hospital site in southern Indiana. HOURLY TEMPERATURES 6 a. m 55 11 a. m 61 7 a. m 56 12 (noon) .... 61 8 a. m 58 1 p. 61 9 a. m 60 2 . mp 61 10 a. m.j,.... 61 3 p. 60

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was the first arrest in the Federal raids. Ton Yelisl, 48, same address, was hold for questioning. George Greyak, 42, of 430 W. Pearl St., said by agents to be a distributor of alcohol, was arrested. A woman and two other men were takes Into custody at Greyak’s place. They gave their names as Katie Basteyech, 40; Nick Greyack, 50, 4J9 W. Court St., and Henry Mickwych, 42, of 625 W. Washington St. Not at Home Officers hold a warrant for James Henry. 438 W. Pearl St., but failed to find him. They arrested Edward Lockwood, 67, alleged bartender. Twenty gallons of alcohol and 218 quarts of beer were confiscated, officers said. Horace Stuck. 39. of 1105 Pleasant Run Blvd., was arrested. Three gallons of alcohol and 100 quarts of home brew were found on the premises. Oscar Simms, 88, of 2661 Shelby St., was next on the list. Simms conducts a poolroom.

propria tlon bill, will recommend additions totaling $187,300 to the bill when It goes to the House of Representatives Thursday, It was learned today. The committees added a SBOO salary increase for the Supreme Court reporter to the budget measure. They also favored an additional I $15,000 for the Central Indiana HosI pital for the Insane, and $75,000 for the Northern Indiana Hospital for the Insane in addition to the amounts recommended by the State budget committee.

$332,950 REPAIR. 'AT MARKET, PLAN Plans of Architect Frank B. Hunter for remodeling Tomlinson Hall and city market at a cost of $332,950 were considered this afternoon by the board of works. Hunter's plan was attacked during the Shank administration. President Roy C. Shaneberger declared the figure too high and the board made a Junket to Inspect the market. Mayor Duvall and Market Master Earl Garrett urge the Improvement. City council la to appropriate funds. The plans called for $50,000 for Improvement of the basement and installation of restaurants and comfort stations. It Is proposed to spend $155,950 for redecorating Tomlinson Hall, roof repairs, new chairs and concrete balconies and $125,000 for redecorating and repair of the market. An effort will be ma4e $• remove fire hnzftrfe STATE CLOSES * MELLETT CASE Bu United Press CANTON, Ohio, Feb. I.—The State rested its case against Ben Rudner, with the murder of Don R. Mellett, editor, this afternoon. Dan Pfaff and Stanley Slagle, alleged to have been interested with Rudner in a bootlegging enterprise, were the concluding witnesses for the prosecution. They testified to conversations with Pat McDermott, convicted of the murder, which involved Rudner. 900 Telegrams on City Manager Bill Nine hundred telegrams were received today by Representatives French Clements, Charles L. Lafollette and Herbert F. Grimwood asking that these members of the Vanderburg County delegation vote for the “mayor protection bill” in the House of Representatives. But few of the 1 messages were opened. The first one to catch the eye of Grimwood was a message from O. Lillicrap. He, too, wants the law changed so that mayors cannot be voted out of office by the city manager plan before their term expires. Lilicrap was recently ousted aa deputy sheriff of Vanderbur* County. None of the Evansville members who paid for the messages. All were worded alike.