Indianapolis Times, Volume 38, Number 39, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 June 1926 — Page 1
Home Edition The Third Dispatch On Events Leading to American Independence Is Printed On Page 12.
VOLUME 37—NUMBER 39
COUNCILMAN STARTS TAX SLASH MOVE Albertson, Finance Chairman Promises City Levy Will Not Be Increased. TO CUT OFF LOAFERS Says Departments Are Overloaded With Man Power. The city tax levy will not mount higher _han $1.05, the rate for 1926, next year. O. Rav Albertson, city council finance committee chairman today made that promise to Indianapolis Times’ readers. Albertson charged that the city is “overloaded with man power.” He is investigating to verify further his contention that the present political form of city government produces too much loafing and too great expenditure. Even Lower, Maybe ' v ' Albertson hopes to discover facts that will induce heads of a number of departments to reduce 1927 estimates lower than 1926. “A private business would never tolerate the loafing on the job I find exists in the city hall and other centers governed by city officials,” Albertson said. “Yet many of the departments where work is light for employes will demand more money next year. “Well, there's nothing to prevent their asking, but the question 1b what will they get. One Works, Nine Loaf “Right after the park board meeting I attended Thursday I went out on a job where board employes were sent and found one out of ten men working and the others resting. “A few days before I found a gang of city workmen loafing in a truck.” The stand of Albertson • against an increase in the tax levy is significant, inasmuch as the law provides Mayor Duvall shall submit the budget when prepared direct to the committee of which Albertson is chairman. Buser to Cooperate That Albertson will receive cooperation was indicated by City Controller William C. Buser. "We propose to cut the estimates to the bone,” Buser said. “However, we believe that this well not impair efficient operation of the department because money saved from useless expenditure in one department will be utilized to bolster the finances of another branch that has been crippled seriously.” . The budget for the streets department probably will be increased because of belief that appropriations for repairing and oiling were too low this year.
ENGINE BLOWS UP THREE DIE; CRASH Express Crashes Into Wreckage—Score Injured. Bv United Press KINGSTON, R. I„ June 26.—The crack New York, New Haven & Hartford train, the Cape Codder, crashed into the wreckage of a freight train a mile and a half west of here today. The boiler of the freight engine had blown up a few minutes previously, killing three members of the crew. Several of the cars of the freight had been derailed and the express engine plowed into them, going off the tracks and down a slight embankment. Two members of the crew of the passenger engine were injured. The three members of the freight crew killed were Engineer W. J. Moulton, Fireman John J. Mulvaney and Head Brakeman George C. Hathaway. The cause of the boiler explosion was not known. Nearly a score of passengers were injured when the %leeper turned on its side, but none, was seriously hurt, reports here said. Ambulances and physicians were sent from Kingston i'giidb Westerly.
Woman Chases Two Impostors Two impostors, representing themselves to be Times’ reporters, are going about the west side attempting to gather information about Prosecutor William H. Remy, it was learned today. Mrs. Miller Middaugh, 152 N. Blackford St., said the men, in company with a west side gangster, called at her home FViday afternoon and attempted to bulldoze her into saying something against the prosecutor. She said she ordered them out and they left in a large, expensive automobile. The Times has no reporters answering the description of the impostors and has authorized po one to use its name In such a self me.
The Indianapolis Times COMPLETE REPOET OE WORLD-WIDE NEWS f SEB7IOB OB THE UNITED PR B 8,8
GIRL, 4, IS BURNED AT PLAY; DIES Climbs on Stove to Get Matches While Mother Sleeps. Stealing quietly from her bed early today to play with matches in the kitchen, Augusta Bell, 4, daughter of Mr. and Mrs William Bell, 2237 Station St., was fatally burned when the matches ignited setting fire to her night gown. The child climbed on a chair and then onto the stove where she obtained the matches. A brother, Wiliam Jr., 6, came into the room and saw his sister’s clothing afire. He summoned the mother, who extinguished the flame with a blanket. The mother had gone back to bed after fixing breakfast for Her husband, employed at Riverside golf course. The girl died at city hospital this afternoon. Mrs. Oscar Moore. 2315 Station St., whose son, Walter, 6, Vas fatally burned in the same manner three years ago, went to the Bell home and comforted the mother. WITHOUT GRAND JURY Remy May Ask Court for Special Body Next Week. Marion County is without a grand jury. With the discharge of the six jurors this morning by Judge James A. Collins of Criminal Court, there is nobody to sit and hear evidence in felony charges and return indictments until the new court term begins next Thursday. Prosecutor William H. Remy said he may find it necessary next wek to ask the court to order a special grand jury to hear some matters which he may present. MAYOR - ™ SEE CAR MEN Organizers And Attorney to be Received by Duvall Monday. Mayor Duvall will receive Ifrank P. Baker, attorney for union street car workers, and organizers at 2 p. m j Monday at the City Hall. Duvall said he suggested Wednesday to Robert I. Todd, Indianapolis Street Railway Company president, that he consent to arbitration of contentions between the company and the men before the public service commission. Todd, he said, agreed to call him later and give an answer. Todd, he said never called him.
BOY, IMPRISONED, STILL DEFIES LA W Better Be in Penitentiary if ‘A Fellow Can’t Enjoy Himself on Outside,’ Says Youth, 15.
By Clyde G. Byers “If a fellow can't enjoy himself ,on the outside, he might just as well be in the penitntiary.” After a night in Detention Home, a. 15-year-old boy today thus defended his desire for “a good time,” even if he goes to the penitentiary getting it. Juvenile Judge Frank Lahr Friday sent the youth to Detention Home to see if the imprisonement would changes his views when he was brought into court with three other boys, one of whom had stolen an automobile and taken the others on a joy-ride “Didn’t it hurt a little to be marched off to bed with these other law breakers, last night? Didn't
REMY MAY SEEK CROUCH’S RETURN Still Wanted for Quizzing in Haag Murder Case. Prosecutor William H. Remy considered starting proceedings to extradite Hilton "Pizzy Wizzy” Crouch from Illinois after a conference with Detective William Rugenstein today. Grouch, charged with automobile banitry in Chicago after a pay roll robbery there, confessed to Rugenstein, it is reported, that he help rob two Duesenberg Mbtor Car Company messengers of $4,300 in a dar- 1 ing stick-up on W. Washington St. bridge April 28. Police want Crouch brought here for grilling in the investigation of the slaying of Wilkinson Haag, May 17, at Green Mill Gardens. Though Crouch advanced an alibi about his whereabouts at the time the drug company official was robbed and slain, police believe he may be able to shed some light on the crime. Another suspect in the Haag case also is being sought by the police. CONTINUE LIQUOR~~3UIZ Supplemental Investigation to be Made of Knox County Conspiracy. Supplemental investigation of the Vincennes. Knox County liquor con■spiracy will be made by the Government, Alexander G. Caven, deputy United States district attorney, indicated today. A careful check-up of will be made during the summer and finding placed before the Federal grand jury next fall, he declared. Data also will be collected against all pl&caa in and near Vincennes whera liquor was sold, in preparar tion for abatement proceedings.
JIM BOWS TO CAL IN FARMSCRAP Watson Withdraws Motion to Permit Vote on Fess Substitute. OPEN SPLIT AVOIDED Presidential Victory—Small Hope for Bill, However. Bv United Press WASHINGTON, June 26.—The threatened open break of the Wat-son-Dawes-Lowden-McNary wlfig of the Republican party from leadership of the White House was temporarily smoothed over today with a victory for President Coolidge. Senator Watson (Rep.), Indiana, acting floor leader of the farm quartet, withdrew his potion in the Senate which would have prevented a vote upon the Coolidge plan of farm relief embodied in the Fess amendment to the cooperative farm bill. . Defeat Certain The action was taken’ ostensibly as a courtesy to Coolidge, although it is virtually certain the measure will be defeated by the opposition of the rebilious wing. It had previously been pointed out to the farm bloc rebels that if President Coolidge’s message favoring the Fess plan was not accorded at least the courtesy of a vote in the Senate the bloc revolt might prove a political bomerang in some sectio**. That argument proved effective overnight, cooling the spirits of the enraged bloc members, who only yesterday afternoon were verging on adopting Watson's resolution thereby riding rough-shod over the President’s wdshes. White House officials were visibly pleased when they received word of the farm bloc's action, but formal comment was refused. Watsan said he had no desire to foreclose debate on any proposal made by the President c-f the United States, although he might disagree with the President in regard to it.
you worry about your mother, home crying? He was asked this morning. Slept Good “I slept just as good as anytime," he replied. “Being here doesn’t what you’d call worry me, it just makes me madi” “You’re hard-boiled all right, aren’t youT’ he was accused. Then thd boy, \yithout a trace of smart-aleckry, defended ills position. “No, I’m not hard-boiled, but it seems to me if a fellow’s only got a right to be out till 9 o’clock, if that’s as far as liberty goes, he might just as well give up and let them do anything they want to. "Now. when I’m out at night, I never hurt anybody." Without a hint of contrition in his manner, the boy, his hair neatly parted—even his finger nails were clean—argued every question as to the soundness of his reasoning. “I know 9 o’clock’s curfew time, but that isn’t right. Things don’t commence to begin ‘till around 11 o’cfock,” He explained things were “riding around and talking with the fellows, and just ordinary things.” I>aw, but Not Right “I’ve thought it out. It might be law, but it isn’t right, there isn’t any fredeom to it, and I’ll tell the judge, so.” Judge Lahr imprisoned the boy for two weeks, after the youth argued the question of obeying the curfew law in court. "I told the Judge that every fellow had a right to a good time, and if he worked and didn’t have a chance to get it before 9 o’clock it was all right to get it later.” The judge informed the lad he probably would be punished unless he changed his reasoning before being brought back to court. “I told the judge just what I thought, and I still think it,” by said. He was courteous to his questioners and showed no signs of nervousness. Pal Changes Mind In sharp' contrast, his pal, a 16-year-old boy, who supported him in his defiance of the judge Friday, and who was separated from him, being sent to the county jail to revise his mental processes, was ready to promise and do "anything” to get out. “I guess I was just trying to show off,” he said. “I don’t like this idea of being cooped up.” ASKS $25,000 DAMAGE The H. P. Wasson & Cos., was named defendant in a $25,000 damage suit fijed in Superior Court Five today, by Margaret A. Pierce. Complaint charged that the plaintiff was injured March 20, when the door of one of the defendant’a elevators struck her. / ■
INDIANAPOLIS, SATURDAY, JUNE 26,1926
GRAND JURY CHARGES GRAFT B Y POLICE, ELECTION FRA UD
HHu /1 • -y .-■}, Smmt a Jm m a ix o 1 ! IbhhwP --■> Jr n >: mi ’ * ' /'* ** Sj&Mfc ;f ; \. t ‘ Vi ’’ V ? .'" • U.
The Marion County grand jury (left to right), Judson M. George, Frederick S. Sickcls, Lemuel M. Ed wards, George C. Hitt, Medford B. Wilson and John M. Cookerly; (standing) Deputy Prosecutor William 11. Sheaffer.
CENTRAL MEXICO STRUCK BY FLOOD; 387 KNOWN DEAD Total Life Loss Reported as High as 1,000 —20,000 Homeless. Bv United Press MEXICO CITY, June 26. 300 to 1,000 dead are reported in a flood which devastated the city of Leon, and surrounding country in central Mexico, according to dispatches received here today. Three hundred and eighty seven bodies have been recovered, at Leon, dispatches said and relief parties searching ruin? of hom;s there believed many others Were still buried in the mud brought down by the raging Gomez River. Estimates Vary Estimates of the probable death list varied. Dispatches from Silao said between 300 and 600 were dead. Railway officials here in telegraphic communication with Leon estimated the toll may reach 800 to 1.000. Reports say 20,000 persons have been driven out of the lower section of Leon* Waters of the Gomez River stood between seven and ten feet high in parts of Leon. It was said many persons were swept downstream ‘ with the flood and workers believe the bodies may never be recovered. Families Buried In many places entire families were buried in the collapse of mud houses. Authorities predict the loss in commerce, agriculture and industry will reach seven million pesos. President Calies has sent five thousand pesos to Leon for relief work, while organizations through the country began a campaign to raise funds for food and supplies.
KESSLER BLVD. WORKMAY STOP Board Considering Abandoning Extension Plans. j.bandonment of all future work on Kessler Blvd., is under contemplation by the park board, Mayor Duvall said today. Duvall denied the board has decided to re-route the boulevard, but said members are not satisfied with arrangements of the old board. Duvall said he questions the legality of many step # s undertaken by the Shank administration board, and that only verbal agreements have been consummated with many persons along the proposed route. Rerouting of Pleasant Run Blvd. east of the Belt railroad to enter Christian Park, is also propoied by the newly constituted park board, John E. Milnor, president, said. The old board routed the boulevard west of the Belt from Prospect St., up Keystone Ave., and then around the north side of the Citizens Gas Company’s plant. 0 FIREMEN SHOW SKILL Station No. 3 Demonstrates Before Insurance Representatives. Practicing, members of the truck and pumper companies at Fire Station No. 3, 1136 Prospect St., demonstarted speed and skill in six spectacular tests today for a delegation of insurance company representatives. The truck company, composed of five men. loaded onto their truck, started the motor and maneuvered the awkward machine out of the station in five seconds. A 35-foot ladder was raised and four mfs'n scrambled onto a roof thirty feet high in 22 seconds. The ladder was lowered in 6H seconds. Lieutenant Tschaegle heads the company.
Further Investigation of Situation Urged in Final Report —Alleges Some Officers Accepted Bribes — Commissioners Are Criticised. Declaring that some members of the city police force have accepted bribes from criminals, the Marion County grand jury In its final report to Criminal Judge James A. jCollins today urged that the next grand jury continue an investigation of police “to the bitter end, no matter where its slimy trial may lead.”
The grand Jury also cited corrupt < practices in the recent primary and urged that the next jury “indict the guilty persons engaged in this dirty business.” Very Good. Says Judge Collins complimented the grand jury on the wav it had done its duty, and c-haracterizfed the report as "very good.” “I am sorry this grand jury must be discharged, but law provides it shall serve only me term," the court said. Referring to the police situation, the report said: "Disagreeable as it Is to us, we are compelled to say that some members of the city police force have proved unfailthful to their trust, in that, whi’e taking pay from the city for their services as guardians of the public, they have accepted bribes from ‘criminals and protected them from interference in their unlawful occupations. "Slliintion Bad" “Enough evidence has been presented to us to warrant us In saying that the situation is had and that grave qonseqtiences will follow unless this investigation is pursued to the bitter end, no matter where its slimy trail may lead. We sincerely trust that our succes'ws, with more time io their disposal than we have had, will carry this matter to a finish and indict the guilty persons engaged in this dirty business, if it possibly can be done." Police Chief Claude F. Johnson in reply said he would welcome an investigation of the police force. “I have no criticism whatsoever to make of the outgoing grand jurors, and I hope the incoming Jurors will be men of just as high integrity. I feel they did as much as they could with what they had. I welcome an investigation and I hope there will either be a conplete exoneration of the police or some definite charges made against them. No indict fhents were returned by the grand jury because the Federal officials have been investigating the Indianapolis police situation for several months. Prosecutor William H. Remy explained. An open breach developed between Remy and Chief Johnson several weeks ago when Remy, in a public address, charged that politicians so controlled by the police force that they were able to transfer efficient officers from bootleg districts. Johnson denied the charges and struck back at Remy by removing ( sum to Page 2) PLAN 275 CEREMONIES Legion Post to Commemorate Signing of Declaration. Two hundred and seventy-five American Legion posts of Indiana will join 10,000 other post throughout the nation at 3 Sunday afternoon July 4 in commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence 150 year ago. Tradition fixes the time the Declaration was signed at 4 p. m* eastern standard time. Bach of the Indiana ceremonies will be precisely at this hour. The roll of fifty-six signers of the document will be called, and at the end of the roll call the audience will repeat “The American’s Creed.” NEW BIDS PROBABLY New bids probably will be asked on the State’s supply of automobile tires for the current year when the State purchasing board meets July 21, Jt was indicated today by Daily E. McCoy, secretary of the board. At its last session the board deferred action on bids then on file. About $20,000 worth of tires are used annually. TWO DIE IN STORM Bv United Press CHICAGO, June 26.—Two men were killed by lightning, and many basements in the city were flooded during a sudden rain and %lectrio atorm here Friday night. i .... J • ' ' • -
MOTHER OF 8 OUSTED AT MARKET Standholder Charges Food Dumped Into Gutter— Drive Renewed. The drive to oust old standholders at the city market was renewed again today. Mrs. Sarah Cohen, 813 Maple St., who has maintained a stand for eight years and who is the mother of eight children was today s victim. Under direction of John Lowan, assistant market master, fifty dollars worth of vegetables she had purchased early today were thrown into the gutter when she refused to yeild her stand at 157 N. Delaware St., Mrs. Cohen said. Explains Ousting Earl Garrett, a ward chairman in the Coffin political ring, who is market master, created considerable discussion a few weeks ago when, at a board of safety meeting, he explained ousting of a market concessionaire by declaring that he did not support the administration in its political battles. , Since that occasion board of safety members have received a number of complaints from persons whose market stand permits have been revoked, but have delayed announcing the result of their investigation. Council Takes Hand City councilmen took a hand in the discussion concerning Garrett’s alleged high handed methods through Introduction of an ordinance abolishing the office held by Garrett and Lowman. • ... The majority faction councilmen have demanded that the board dls .miss Garrett, but the understanding is that no ohange will occur until a place is found for him in another department. Ask Discharge City Councilmen will demand that the board of safety discharge Garret, at its next meeting Tuesday, Boynton J. Moore, council president, announced. “Garrett must go," said Moore. "Unless the board moves Tuesday, council will pass the ordinance abolishing the positions of market master and assistant, which we have before us. INDIANAPOLIS SELECTED New Thought Alliance to Hold 1^27 i Convention Here. International New Thought Alliance convention of 2500 people will be ‘'held here in June 1927, Henry Davis, Chamber of Commerce convention bureau manager, announced today. Mrs. M. G. Powell, Indianapolis, attending the New York convention, has informed Davis of the selection of Indianapolla as next year’s convention city. Mae Murray to Wed Prince of Georgia Bv United Press LOS ANGELES. June 26.—Mae Murray becomes a "Princess'’ tomorrow when she marries David Diyani, who says he is the Prince of Georgia. a little kingdom in the Russian Caucasus. The wedding vriil be at Santa Barbara. Prince Divani. handsome blonde youth of 27, won the film beauty after just three weeks of ardent courtship following an introduction at a house party given by Pola Negri. *- ' - e". ■'* * .ft A aft ■Vi, iff
Enlered as Seoond-clans Matter at PostoCTlo*, InuiauapolU. Published Dailj Except Suuday.^
HIGHWAY TRIALS DELAYED UNTIL NEXT SEPTEMBER Ex-Judge of Shelby Circuit Court Selected Aid to Prosecutor. Delay of the trial of persons indicted in connection with alleged misuse and sale of used World War materials by the State highway commission until next September, was announced today by Prosecutor William H. Remy, who said Alonzo Blair, ex-Judge of Shelby Circuit Court, has agreed to assist in the prosecution. Blair will be unable to take up the case before August. Criminal Judge James A. Collins indicated the cases will be set for September. Set for Thursday State Examiner Ijawrence F. Orr and Remy agreed on Blair, on recommendation of Collins. Trial of C. Whaley, machine dealer, charged with grand larceny growing out of the highway scandal, had been set for Thursday. Remy said he will ask a continuance. Whaley returned here from Richmond, Va.. today to confer with his attorneys Frank Symmes and John Robbins, regarding the trial Thursday. Conspiracy Charged Trial of John D. Williams, highway commission director, Georg'Bartley, former equipment superintendent, and Earl Crawford, former commissioner, and Morris and Victor Goldberg junck dealers, charged with conspiracy to embezzle had been ret for July 12. The Goldbergs were to he tried on separate indlctmen charging grand larceny July 6. JARDINE ISSUES DENIAL Answers Resolution Adopted by Senate. Bv United Press WASHINGTON, June 26.—Denial that he had been in any way connected with the Chicago “Round-up College of Scientific Grain Price Forecasting” was made today by Secretary of Agriculture Jardine In a message to the Senate, responding to the Caraway resolution for information on that point. A Chicago paper, according to Caraway, had advertised that Jardine would lecture to the college, revealing Important information how to gamble on the grain markets. AND THE BOTTLE BROKE So Police Arrested Mail With Hand Bag on Booze Charge. A man dropped a small hand hag In the doorway of 872'4 Massachusetts Ave.. today and started fleeing when observed by Sergeant Rielly and squad. A broken bottle and a quart of alcohol were in the hand hagg. Caught the man gave his name as Roy Vernon, 32, of 309 E. McCarty St. He was charged with blind tiger afld transporting liquor. Upstairs police found three dozen bottles of peer on ice. PONDER - RESTORING - PAY Kettle-borough Will Leave Unless Action Favorable, Report. Members of the State legislative finance committee today were considering a request to restore the salary of Charles Kettleborough, head the State legislative bureau, to $5,000, its former level. Kettleborough* salary was cut to $4,000 at a previous meeting of the committee. In case the committee acts unfnborably on the request it Is understood Kettleborough will ask for immediate action on his resignation, filed several Months ago. HOURLY TEMPERATURES 6 a. m...... 58 10 a. m...... 68 7 a. m. 59 11 a, m. w . 65 8 a. 60 12 (noon) 64 8 a- 62 1 p. 65
Forecast Fair and continued cooler tonight. Sunday fair with rising temperature.
TWO CENTS
REED GEES HOF SHUMAKER Indiana Saloon League Books Turned Over to Senate Committee. KLAN MAY BE QUIZZED All Contributions Over SSOO • to Be Looked Over. By Roscoc B. FTcinlng Time Staff Correenundent l WASHINGTON, June 2#,—Records of the Indiana Anti Saloon league, showing receipts and disbursements for each of the lust several years, were turned over to the Senate primary Investigating commlttee today by Wayne B. Wheeler, general counsel of the national AntiSaloon League. Wheeler obtained the records from the Rev. E. S. Shumaker, Indiina superintendent. $392,795 Total. The books showed the Indiana League has raised $212,795 since 1920 with disbursements totaling $386,175. Figures by years follow. In 1920 the organization collected $93,308 and disbursed $90,737. in 1921 it collected $46,299 and dlsbursed $44,851. In 1922 figures were $54,056 and $53,241; In 1923 they were j $54,928 and $54,237; in 1924 they were $61,899 and $60,547 In 1925, they were $52,134 and $61,498, and the first five months of 1926 tht totals were $30,176 collected and $30,064 expended. Itemized accounts show that the money went for salaries of field agents, contributions to the national organization, and payment of speakers’ expenses. The comrpltte recessed after receiving them, and will not take up League affairs again until the accountant has completed his wick and reported. Klan Faces Probe Senator Reed, qbf.irmun, also announced an accountant would he sent by the committee not only to Westerville, Ohio, national league headquarters, but to State lesguo headquarters wherever it seemed necessary. The accountant will he instructed to take the names of all persons contributing over SSOO yearly to the league, Reed sal 1. Reed also announced that the Ku* Klux Klan would be Investigated, if any one presents evidei cs that this organization or any otter has spent money for political purposes It is expected this trail may lead to Indiana. Reed also announced that other dry and wet organizations, Including the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, will he examined. JUNES TRAIN HEAVILY GUARDED Plot to Blow It Up Rumored —Special Patrol Out. Bv United Pre ABOARD GOLDEN STATE LIMITED, NILAND, Cal.. June !■— Following reports o fa plot to blow up the train bearing Aimeo Sempls McPherson back to Los Angeles, a special engine was ordered out today to patrol tracks from Yuma Ato Los Angeles. M Officers, armed with sawed off snot guns, rode ahead of the engine In motor cars. The Southern Padfto has sent twenty men ahead to guard the train. Throngs greeted the evangelist at every’ station. “Praise the Ixrd—the diy resurrection has come," she repeated time after time. Meanwhile, searching parties hava found two shacks resembling description of that in which she said sho was held prisoner. One was on American soli. The other in M rim. Plaster casts of footprint* around the shacks were taken.
5. P. C. A. Versus W.C.T.U. Bv Times Joeeial NEW YORK. June 26.-Th* latest prohibition problem 1® Bingo. Bingo Is not to be confused with bevo. It is not a soft drink, but an English bulldog, owned by William Y. Daly of the Cunard lines. On the way over from England this week. Bingo became sea-sick. Nothing helped until his master tried a nip of nest brandy, Bingo, not the m&e'er, taking the brandy. The chi'* was effective. Since arriving in the United States, however. Bingo has re fused to eat without a nip of brandy for an appetizer Moreover. the bulldog scornful! wrinkles up Its no* at Ameri-can-made substitutes Daly doesn’t want Biago to starve to death. It ap r oxrs to w *ru? nf & ?. C. /. versus
