Indianapolis Times, Volume 35, Number 289, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 April 1924 — Page 4

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The Indianapolis Times EARLE E. MARTIN. Editor-In-Chief ROY W. HOWARD, President ALBERT W. BUHRMAX, Editor WM. A. MAYBORN, Bus. M^r. Member of the Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance * • * Client of the United Press, the NEA Service and the Scripps-Paine Service. * • • Member of the Audit Bureau of Circulations. Published dailv except Sundav by Indianapolis Times Publishing Cos.. 214 220 \V. Maryland St.. Indianapolis * • • Subscription Rates: Indianapolis—Ten Cents a Week. Elsewhere —Twelve Cents a Week. * • • PHONE—MAIN 3500.

THE SENATE AND THE PRESIDENT mHE controversy between the President and the Senate presents three principal points. First : Whether Francis J. Heney, or any other attorney, appointed by a Senate committee may legally be paid by any Senator or private person or from any source except the Senate’s own funds. Second: Whether investigation of a Government department violates the laws against search and seizure, whether court procedure must be followed and whether, if anything of a criminal nature is suspected, investigation must cease and the matter sent to a grand jury. Third: Whether the progress thus far made by the Couzens committee is entirely destructive and whether all examinations by Congress of how the money it votes to executive departments is expended; how the laws are administered and construed for execution; and what Government employes who are paid out of money provided by Congress do for the salaries they receive. As to the first point the President has a clear law on his side. During the war Congress sought to head off the “volunteers” who rushed to Washington to help spend the proceeds of the Liberty loans. The law forbade anybody working for nothing in an official capacity, or from being paid by anybody but the Government. This law resulted in the dollar-a year device, under which the war industries board functioned. The members received a regular annual salary of one dollar and took oath to accept no other pay. This point is only technical, and the Senate can cure it by authorizing the Couzens committee to employ an attorney. As to the second point it would appear that the President has fallen into an error that has been chronic among politicians and office holders for a century and that has been acutely episince the war. The error is that a public office is the private property of the office holder. It isn’t. There is no invasion of private rights when a public servant is asked to give an accounting of his official acts. There is no private title to office. President Coolidge held the “private right” theory in the Denby and Daugherty cases when he said in effect that before a public officer could be suspended or dismissed the burden of proof lay upon somebody to establish actual criminal misconduct. This theory of public service lies at the root of the present day scandals. Its origin lies in the relation of invisible government to visible government. In effect campaign contributors buy office for political parties and politicians. They get their money back through special privileges, and the office holders having paid their campaign debt, proceed to exploit their remaining power for their own and their party’s benefit. That is, if public office is bought and paid for, it is private property. If this theory and practice can be demolished, a reign of law and decency will supplant a reigff of graft and privilege.

As to the third point. In the first place, Mellon's companies are not being “picked on.” Couzens. himself one of the largest taxpayers of the country, shared the general belief that the complex tax laws were being administered under a multitude of treasury “rulings,” some of which were made by men who were incompetent if not worse; that great taxpayers were able through employment of “experts” and otherwise to secure undue favors. That the Administration of the law was unjust. Tax returns may only be given out by order of the President or with the consent of the taxpayer. The committee asked President Coolidge to allow them to inspect typical returns and to trace some of the hundreds and hundreds of millions of dollars that were refunded and other ,hundreds of millions that were allowed as deductions, k The President refused this. I Mellon then offered—in the heat of a controversy with Couz■qs—to get companies in which he was interested to permit infection. As Secretary of the Treasury he could not give the committee these tax returns and records, but as owner or controlling stockholder he could authorize himself as Secretary of the Treasury to do so. So the committee could have at least such tax records as Mellon personally controlled. Couzens agreed and the returns of three companies were submitted—the Gulf Oil Company, Standard Steel Car Company and the Aluminum Company of America. Each was typical of a large class of taxpayers, and Mellon was asked to secure permission from all the other corporations in which he was a large, not to say dominating stockholder. He replied that if the committee would specify the corporations he would urge them to comply. The committee replied that it didn’t know all the “Mellon corporations,” but if he would furnish a list it would select typical ones for study. This made Mellon pull back on bis offer, and it was at this point that the Ileney incident came. Couzens has been suffering from a malady that saps his strength and causes him great suffering—gall stones, lie was unable to carry on the work of the committee. He was intensely interested in it. He says he can do a lot to straighten out the tax tangle. He has more money than health or strength, so he asked the committee to appoint Frank Heney its attorney, saying he would pay Heney himself. Here is where he fell afoul of the forgotten dollar-a-year statute. But as to the claim that Couzens’ work has been A entirely destructive,” both the President and Mr. Mellon himself must be wholly misinformed. As has been said the three big Mellon companies were typical. One is a great oil company; one is a great manufacturing concern and one is a great mining and smelting concern with' a typical flock of subsidiaries. The returns of the first two corporations have been studied and some astonishing things have been learned. Not scandal at all, but facts as to how the big taxpayers deal and are dealt with. For example, in the oil company a remarkable and intricate system of allowances and deductions were uncovered showing how previous tax laws relating to the oil business must be rewritten if oil is to be put on the same basis as other business concerns. Study of the car company showed that though the company delivered no war material to the Government until after the war was over, yet it has been allowed a tax authorization of $3,071,450 on a total investment of $5,942,150| '•flip car company—typical of thousands of concerns which I

FARMERS OPPOSED TO FORD PLAN Manufacturer Would Not Sell i. ! Muscle Shoals Fertilizer at Loss, This is the first of a series of articles by Congressman Bu-ton on Ford’s Muscle Shoals offer. By THEODORE E. BURTON Member of Congress from Ohio mF THE Government would turn the Muscle Shoals proposition upside down, retain title and control of the dams and steam plants, sell power to Mr. Ford at wholesale rates on a twenty-year contract, and let him do as he pleases with regard to the manufacture of fertilizer, I wouldn’t care what kind of a deal it might make with him for the nitrate plants and connected property. The difficulty in dealing with the so-called Ford proposal lies in the fact the main issue is completely masked behind a smoke screen of doing something for the farmer. Now I will go as far as any onh in any scheme to utilize the power at Muscle Shoals 'or manufacture of fertilizer of which the farmers are in urgent need. Our average yield of wheat per acre is far below that of England, France, or Germany, one of the main reasons being the absence of sufficient fertilizer. No Fertilizer at I/oss It is said if Ford gets Muscle Shoals he will be obligated to- sell fertilizer at some ridiculously ow price, and it is also alleged for this reason the farmers of the country’ demand the project be turned over to hint, regardless of terms. Asa matter of fact, neither the Ford Corporation nor any one else who may get Muscie Shoals is going to make fertilizer there at a loss. Mr. Ford is not going to make it unless he can make it at a profit. He has said so quite bluntly to the Secretary of War. By this I do not mean there is no possibility of making fer tilizer at Muscle (Shoals cheaper than :t can be made anywhere else. Nor do I mean there Is any particular reason why the Government, if it wants to do something for the farmer, should not subsidize somebody to try it. Government Helpless What I do mean is under the terms j of this proposed contract the Ford j Corporation can either make fertilizer j or not, as it pleases, and the Govern- j ment will he absolutely helpless. In the debate on the floor of the! House it was said repeatedly if the Ford Corporation violated the piovi-j sion which, it was alleged, hound It : to make fertilizer, the Government! could recover through the courts. Pos- j sihly it might secure revocation of ! the power leases, hut a proposed , amendment which provided a general penalty of forfeiture in case the corn - ■ puny failed to manufacture fertil.zer. was voted down. Farmers Not Unanimous Furthermore. I do not believe the j farmers of the United States ore by any means unanimous in a demand that this deal go through without the ; dotting of an or the crossing of a "t." I only know of one farmers’ organization that has been at all ac tive in the matter and this Is tho! American Farm Bureau Federation : with a possible membership of about 400.000 farmers. The National Grange with 600,000 members, has not indorsed the Ford offer. The National Board of Farm Organizations with over 600.000 members refused to indorse it. The National Council of Cooperative Marketing Associations with over 500,000 members have ignored It. Tho Farm Congress has res sted every effort to approve the Ford plan in its present form. Tom Sims Says: Among our most prominent missing people are several bank robbers. Men who take things too seriously don’t get away with them. The first shock absorber was a pedestrian. Radio is dangerous. A man in New York who proposed to n girl by radio was accepted immediately. People who Jump at conclusions! often get the wrong ones. There’s always room at the top for the cream. A Thought A foolish sgn is a grief to his father, and bitterness to her that hare him. —-Prov. 16:20. * • SOU pity a man who is lame or blind, but you never pity him for being a fool, which is often a much greater misfortune.—Sydney Smith.

supplied or prepared to supply war materials —has already received its “soldier bonus” audits, “adjusted compensation.” Such information will be useful to Congress in deciding whether the country can afford to pay a compensation to the human soldiers who fought the war. If they can’t have anything because the dollar soldiers have cleaned out the Treasury, whj r —that is vital and valuable information and not scandal at all. The aluminum company’s returns have not yet b<>en studied by the committee, but if returns of all the Mellon corporat’cm that are typical of a class could be studied, Congress would know a whole lot more than it does now about how their tax laws are working out. And bow to enact laws that will bear equitably upon the whole Nation. The only bit of “scandal” that carne out was an official memorandum that circulated in the Treasury Department, which called attention to the fact that one certain corporation was a “Mellon company.”*There is no scandal even in that, if it can be explained. Meantime, it is up to Congress to pass laws for the collection of billions of dollars of taxes each year and to pass other laws for the spending of that money. It is the public’s job to pay those billions; the Treasury’s job to collect those billions and the Administration’s job to spend those billions It is inconceivable that the Congress, representing the peoph who pay the taxes, should not properly know ail about how they are collected (or remitted) and spent. And that is the point at issue between the President and th? Senate.

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

. UNUSUAL PEOPLE. Twins Win ♦ Honors

M’“ "1 ARY and Margaret Schindler, twins and 17, won the high—l est honors in their graduating class at Riverside school in Milwaukee. The photographer didn’t know which was which when he took their pictures. Perhaps their mother could tell us—hut, frankly, we don’t know either and it doesn't make much diffnrence. anyway—they look so much alike Jes’ Sentiment By HAL COCHRAN f IUST two little shoe* that see j I I ragged and torn, are held as a L. tl —l memory sweet. Os many black buttons these objects are shorn; frotn age, they no longer are neat. And yet, as T se them, I drift to the past —some twenty-odd long years ngo. These shoes are an echo that always will last —that mean* a lot more than you know. Back there in the days when the shoe soles were blight, a little tot walked them around, and all of the buttons were fastened on tight—though some now are missing, I’ve found. , These two little shoes taught a child his first step; they taught him to Riddle and creep. But now in a closet for years they have slept—to me, in a memory sleep. For son has grown up and he’s taken more strides. And that Is the reason, l guess, why sentiment says that his tiny tot shoes really started him out to success. (Copyright, 1924, NEA Service, Inc.) Test Yourself Because every one spends money every day this is a test which nil should be able to pass successfully. These problems are similar to the ones that you run up against in real life. Try them on yourself and your friends: 1. How much change would you get from a one dollar bill after buying forty-five penholders at the rate of three for 6 cents? 2. If you bought two spools of thread at 17 cents a spool and three cards of buttons at 16 cents a card, how much change would you get from a one dollar hill? 3. Ts basket hall uniforms cost $2.60 each and basket ball shoes cost $1.25 a pair, how much change will there be from three $lO bills when uniforms and shoes have been purelumed for the sever. 4. Ts gasoline Is 23 2-3 cents a gab lon, how much change would you receive from a $6 bill after buying six gallons? Answers: 1. 25 cents; 2. 2 lcents; 3. $3.76; 4. $3.58. Joseflna A native teacher in Manila sent in her resignation to the director of education as follows: Dear Sir: I have the honor to resignate as my works are many and my salary are few. Besides which my supervising teacher makes many loving to me to which I only reply “Oh. not! Oh, not!”- —Very respectfully, Joseflna. —Boston Transcript.

ELEMENTS STARTED IN ' HYDROGEN Scientists Believe Complex Atoms Evolve From Simple Ones, By DAVID DIETZ Science Editor of The Times Copyright by David Dietz. T 1"" IHE study of radio-active substance has led to interesting I- theories about the evolution of matter. For it is difficult to observe the regular structure of atoms and molecules and the definite regular disintegration of radio-active substances without feeling that some unifying evolutionary process must underlie the various phenomena. The outstanding fact about radioactive substances is that the positive electrons are always expelled in groups associated with negative electrons so as to form the so-called alpha particles or nuclei of helium atoms. This has led many scientists, including such men as Dr, W. D. Harkins of the University of Chicago, to believe that helium plays a very fundamental role in the evolution of matter. Evolved From Hydrogen According to this view, all atoms were evolved from the hydrogen atom and the helium atom. The helium atom being evolved itself, however, from the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom, it will he re- ! membered consists of a nucleus of one positive electron. One negative elec- j tron revolves around this nucleus. It j is the simplest of all atoms. Four hydrogen atoms would then form a helium atom. The four posi- : tive electrons and two of the negative ; ones would form the nucleus of the j helium atom while the remaining two I negative electrons would revolve j around the nucleus.

Atoms of the other elements are thought to have been evolved from combinations of helium atoms in most cases or in some cases from combinations of helium and hydrogen atoms. Just how these combinations would occur, scientists are frank to say at the present time, they do not know. However, Harkins and some others think that such reactions may he going on In the stars or the sun where the conditions of temperature and pressure are exceedingly high. The union of four hydrogen atoms Into one of helium would release tre mendous amount of energy. It Is thought Pome scientists think that the great amount of energy continu ously radiated by the sun may originate in such reactions. There Is also speculation along another line. Uranium and thorium, the two substances from which all other radio-active substances are supposed to have evolved, are tho two heaviest atoms known. In time, the disintegration of these substances results In their transformation into lead. I,ead Is “End Product" Lead Is therefore considered as an “end product” of uranium and thorium. Some scientists think that all the elements known today are the "end products" of heavier elements of radio-active natures which once ex lsted. Another Interesting subject ,1s the transformation of one element into another. The old alchemist tried unsuccessfully to turn Iron into gold. It Is within range of probability that the modern scientist may some day learn to knock electrons out of the nuclei of elements. If he did. he j would succeed in doing what the! alchemist failed to do. Sir Ernest Rutherford has sue- j ceeded to some extent in getting j hydrogen from a number of substances ! by bombarding them with alpha particles. A fourth line of interesting speculating is the amount of • locked In the atoms of matter. Most scientists believe that ts we oould tap and utilize this energy, the atomic energy of a few ounces of matter would exceed the heat energy of all the coal In existence upon this earth. Next article in series: “Synthetic Chemistry. Family Fun .Sister’s Feller Thinks “Do you always think of me?” "Well, not exactly always, but whenever I think of anything I think | of you."—Kasper, Stockholm. Says Ma to Pa “I don’t see why you are having so ! much trouble getting reliable serv- j ants.” 'T'm not having any more trouble than the Washington government.” —Ex. Bobby Posted ■ “You know, Bobby, everything we give to another will be returned to us twofold." “Sure; I give the kid next door the measles and caught the mumps and whoopin’ cough from him.”—Detroit News.

Interior Decoration

Do you want to make your home beautiful without straining the family pocketbook? There is nothing mysterious or awespme in the principles of interior decoration. Any man or woman can learn the essentials of the subject, and adapting the materials available to the home he or she must live in, make it a more beautiful, restful and charming place to occupy. Our Washington Bureau has prepared for you an

CLIP COUPON HERE INTERIOR DECORATING EDITOR. Washington Bureau, Indianapolis Times, 1322 New York Ave., Washington, D. C.: I want the bulletin INTERIOR DECORATING, and enclose herewith 5 cents in loose postage stamps for same. NAME ST. & NO. OR R. R. •• -• i / CITY STATE L WRITE CLEARLY—GIVE FTJLA, ADDRESS

Use Daily Until Health Is Restored

EX-SOLDIER IS BOOSTER . FOR BONUS Times Readers Address Editor on Various Subjects in Open Forum, To thr Editor of The Timm Just a few lines in answer to Mr. Allen of Zionsvllle, who still believes that the cx-servlce men received enough pay while overseas. Yes, I am a booster for an ex service man's bonus, and I don’t knock any one who asks for justice. I served overseas and served In the trenches. My wife and I bought Liberty bonds. Also, Mr. Allen, the majority of the men in the service bought liberty bonds to help the cause along. Perhaps you had to eat a mixture of barley and oats for brend. but you didn't have a*thing on us, as we lived mostly on French bread, so if they try to convince you that the wheat went to the service men, please tell your informer that somebody lied to hint My father was a Civil War soldier and received only sls per month at the time of his death in 1915. If Uncle Bam has to engage In an other war he will find all the ex service men ready to answer the call to the colors, and I wonder how many people who are knocking the bonus will be ready to answer the call. EX-SOLDIER. Red Cross Needs To the Editor of The Times It Is good to learn that Indianapolis women are taking/nore interest than ever in tho work of the Red Cross. There is much to be done in the seven branches of the Indianapolis Red. Cross and the 700 volunteer members will prove a boon to humanity. The blind are especially In need of patient, willing individuals who will read and write for them and give them encouragement. The organization evidently realized this when they appointed Mrs. Stuart Dean chairman of a department to acquire and write books for these unfortunate individuals. A READER. About Crows To the Editor of The Times The writer nas long expected the State would sooner or later place a bounty on crows. In some parts of the State they gather by the hundreds in fields during harvest time, and no doubt such numbers do consume much grain. The biggest loss, however. Is the destruction of the sprouting grain in spring. Nevertheless, .t ’.s pleasant to see a few lazy crows fly slowly across the fields, to heai - their cawing in the early morning, and it is with a twange of regret that we contemplate their destruction; but as they are a menace to song liirds, we must sooner or later chocsa between the two. NATURE LOVER.

authoritative 6,000-word bulletin on the subject, written not for those who have money to spend on employing an interior decorator, or to purchase the various expensive books on the subject, but designed to offer helpful suggestions to Mr. and Mrs. Everyday Citizen who have a moderate sized house and purse, and who wish to furnish and decorate the former as attractively as the latter will allow. Pill out the coupon below if you want this bulletin:

Ask The Times You can get an answer to any tion of f*t or information by writing to the Indianapolis Times Washington Bureau. 1322 New York Ave., Washington. D C., inclosing 2 cents in stamps for reply. Medical, legal and marital advice cannot be given, nor can extended research be undertaken. All other questions will receive a personal reply. Unsigned requests cannot be answer-id. Ail letters are confidential. —Editor.

Who were the Jewish Senators in the Federal Congress? Judah P. Benjamin, Simon Guggen- ! helm. Joseph Simon, Isador Rayner, ! Benjamin F. Jonas, and David Levy | Yulee. What causes excessive thirst after eating much salt or sugar? The excess of salt or sugar arrests the secretions of the mucuous membrane and the resulting dryness is relieved by water which will dilute and carry off the excess salt or sugar. How much wool is produced annually in the United States? It is estimated that about 273.000,000 pounds were, produced in 1923. What do the four H’s represent in the term 4 H Club? Training of head, hands, health and heart are the objects of the club. What States are in the cotton I belt? Virginia, North Caroline, South j Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida. Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas, and Missouri. What were the Huguenots? French Protestants of the 16th and 17th centuries. What causes the bubbles in a glass of* water? The air in solution coming out of solution. What effect has singeing on the growth of the hair? None; the hair is port of the “outer skeleton" and in this respect resembles the nails. A hair is solid, and contains neither nerves nor blood. There can be no advantage in this process. What is the recipe for gluten bread? One cup water, 1 egg white. 1 cup cream, 3 cups 40 per cent gluten flour, teaspoon salt, t.j yeast cake. Scald cream and allow it to cool. When lukewarm add the dissolved yeast cake and the salt. Add slowly half the flour, beating constantly. Beat the egg white and fold it in. Gradually add the remaining flour. It should be a thick/batter, stiff enough to drop from the spoon. Beat thoroughly and lea.ve In a warm place to rise. When double its size, bake in a moderately hot oven for 50 to 60 minutes. What is Christian Science? A system of moral and religious instruction. based on the principles formulated by Mary Baker Glover Eddy, and combined with a method of treating disease mentally. As presented in Mrs. Eddy’s “Science and Health,” Christian Science is based on teachings of Scripture which it interprets, giving the Christ principle and rule in Divine metaphysics which heals the sick and sinner. It explains all cause and effect as mental aid shows the scientific relation of man to God. Where and what was the “Free State of Van Zant”? At the time of the secession of the Southern States from the Union Sam Houston was Governor of Texas, and was much opposed to secession. He was, therefore, deposed and the State i seceded. A band of admirers of Houston rallied around him and formed what they called the Free State of Van Zant because they did not want to secede with Texas. This name has clung to Van Zant County, Texas, to this day. Can black bears be successfully trained? No.

Heard in the Smoking Room

HE other smokers all demanded a true one from the doetbr, : who had listened to every ! yarn, without more than a smile. “Well," lie responded. recently 1 was called to the bedside of Mrs. Jim Fogarty, a notorious scold. 1 found her in serious condition and, turning to Fogarty, who was standing by with serious face, said, ‘She's In a very high 'fever, Fogarty.' “ 'She's bln that for years,’ said Fogarty.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 16, 1924

RADIO FANS GET BEHIND DILL’S BILL \ Measure Prohibits Charging of Copyrighting Fees to Broadcast Music. Times Washington Bureau, 1.122 Xeic York Are. rirpjASHIXGTON. April 16.—One of \X/ the most popular bills before ■ y Congress now is that of Senaj tor C. C. Dill. Washington, prohibit- ■ ir.g the charging of copy-right fees for the broadcasting of popular music over the radio. One day last week 7,200 telegrams were delivered to Senators urging support of the bill. One Senator alone | received 500 of those telegrams. Music publishers contend the broad ! casting of music hurts sale of their j publications. Testimony does not bear j out their contention. One independent ; publisher, who for ten years has been J trying to put over a certain song, I said there was no demand at all for ! the piece until It was broadcast first I from a Pacific Coast station. Since then he has been unable ;o print copies fast enough to supply the demand. Contrary to opinion of members of the music “trust,” this publisher welcomes the radio as a sure means of popularizing appealing tunes. Broadcasters say payment of royalties is unfair for the reason they do not profit by their services—in fact, they broadcast at a loss. Lenten Prayer Daily Lenten Bible reading: and meditation prepared for Commission on Evangelism of Federal Council of the Churches of Christ In America. WEDNESDAY Tho Sufferings of Jesus Read Mt. 26:36-46. Text: 26:42. My Fathe.r if this cannot pass away, except I drink it, thy will be done. “In the suffering of Jesus' soul over the wrong-doing of men, we have an everlasting expression V the suffering that, constitutes one element in the vast will of the heavenly Father. If there were nothing else but suffering it would be a picture of weakness, but it is the suffering of strength.” EMDITAfION: Freely to offer one's best self to another and be refused brings disappointment and pain; the more one has offered the greater the pain. Jesus offered men that which they sorely needed, but they refused and set themselves to believe that he was evil rather than good. Yet he went the whole way of %he Father’s will. If he must give his life he would give it in the same spirit that he manifested in all his days of the flesh. PERSONAL QUESTION: Am I weaker or stronger because of my sufferings? PRAYER: Our heavenly Father, may we also win character through obedience. Let us believe in thine infinite resources. Let us have faith that it is thy will to bestow on us that which our soul needs for Its purification. When the way is dark, lift thou the clouds that we may see. When w-e become confused, give us the assurance of thy voice, and when alone, the comfort of thy presence, through Christ. Amen. (Copyright, 1924 —F. L. Fagley) 50-50 With Hubby “Going already, dear? Why It's awfully early.” “Yes, but I want to get there before my husband. It's my turn to scold t( right.”—Boston Transcript.

“Os course, first thing, the woman a thermometer, told her to put it under her tongue and not try to speak. Some three minutes passed with the woman quiet and speechless, when Fogarty leaned >over to me and whispered, What’s the cost of that glass dingus, doctor?’ “ ‘Oh,’ I replied, ‘about a dollar and a half.’ “ ‘Begorral they work fine,’ replied Fogarty. ‘Ye* have me order for a doaen of thlxa.' **