Indianapolis Times, Volume 34, Number 108, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 September 1921 — Page 3

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

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At the right one of the ginnt excavator* which the South Australian state government Is nsing to further its irrigation schemes along the Murray River. These excavators travel by means of caterpillar traction such as was used on tanks during the war. They are driven by the same steam engine which operates the excavator. The channels which are afterwards used to carry water from the river into the dry districts are dug by these excavators and later smoothed out by scraper* pitied by hprsee. The reclamation of swamp lands along the river is also started by excavators which throw up the banks of dirt between the river and swamps which later are drained and become fertile fields. At the left one of the concrete-lined channels which carry the waters of the Morray into the arid lands which otherwise would not be productive because their average rainfall Is not more than eight or ten inches a year. The state Is back of all irrigation, builds dams und reservoirs, digs the channels and charges the settlers for water equaling twenty-four Inches of rail a year.

Adelaide., south Australia, AUSTRALIA.—When it wns decided to establish a colony in South Australia in 1834 It was proposed to make Jt a model affair which should profit by &r o mistakes which had marked the other settlements of the continent la the South Pacific. For oue thing, there was a keen desire on the part of many British to have one of the settlements of the new lend consist of free inhabitants only and to forbid convicts from being sent there when they were deported from England or from coming there after they had served their terms in the penal areas. There also was another s-heme of making South Australia a republic of England In that there should be a leisure class of gentlemen and landowners •with servants and laborers who should be prevented from becoming Independent by putting the price of land In South Australia so high thut the laborer could not afford to buy it and set up for him self. This scheme was carried out in part in that it was ordered that no land be sold for loss than twelve shillings (three dollars) an acre. The re-

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For 1,730 miles the Murray River, whose source Is In the snow-clod heights of Mt. Kosciusko In New South Wales, is navigable. The last five hundred miles before it empties into the sea passes through South Australia. Boats drawing only a few feet of water do a large business hauling supplies up and down the stream. Some wheat comes down to market In this way. although fruit makes up most of the cargoes, for the lands, served by the Murray, produce exceptionally fine fruits of all kinds.

ceipts were put Into a fund with which It was proposed to bring out from F.ugland a selected class of immigrants. DISCOVERED BY CAPTAIN STURT. The discoveries of Captain Charlea fiturt, whose adventures read like a romance, pointed to the southern part of the new colony as a rich land capab'e of great development and the first set tiers went there. In 1836 they picked the site of what now is Adelaide, but not until Col. William Light, the first surveyor-general, had examined the the coast of South Australia, and the various small port* of Spencer's Gulf. The early settlers of South Australia were progressive and of a high type, characteristics which still mark the people of the state. In the years since It was founded the state has led the way In all forward movements of the whole country and has to its credit some remarkable rchievements. Since it gave up the control of Northern Territory in 1911 it has had an area ,of 243.2-14.800 acres, of which more than half is occupied. Because of its peculiar situation in the central southern part of the commonwealth it is the connecting link between the ea6t and west coast*. It is virtually Impossible to cross Australia at any other part becauae of the great desert which lies to the north and west of South Australia. STATE’S CLAIM TO FAME.

Sonth Australia's claim to (>m lias In the fact that it was the first Australian state to tax unimproved land values, to grant suffrage to all men, to give women the vote, to adopt the secret ballot which is used in the United States under the name of the Australian ballot, to put into effect the Torrens system of land registration by which title always ts kept clear, aUo to make provisions for its poor and wayward children and for building the first line of railroad in the country. That its people were progressive was indicated early In the history of the state. Realising the wonderful possibilities of its rich lands, they arranged for bringing overland cattle and horses from New South Wales, over trackless mountains, unknown forests and across strange rivers. It was the occasion for a great celebration when the first herd, numbering 535 head, made this dangerous trip with the loss of only four animals. From this humble beginning has grown the pastoral industry of the state, which has now 270,000 horses, 350,000 cattle, 7,000,000 sheep and 80,000 hogs. In spite of its richness of soil and favorable farming conditions South Australia has the same problem which confronts her sister states —that of getting more people Into the country. Os her population of 470.000, more than half, or 256.000, are to be found In the capital, Adelaide, and suburbs. The original theory of * having rich landholders and poor laborers didn't work out. The landlords were far more Interested In speculating in the lots laid out for the city of Adelaide than they were In farming, and the immigrants who had been brought out to do the work demanded big wages, and when they did not get them, went to other parts of

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more wheat” Is the cry of all South Australia, for it has been found that the soil of the state is particularly adapted to the growing of grain and that the state's wheat has a color and flour that is not equalled elsewhere in the commonwealth. The climate being dry, the wheat la harvested mostly by tomblned strippers and thrashers which le*ve th® straw standing. However, it is excellent to fertilise the ground and before plowing Is begun the straw is burned and the ashes turned under the soil. <5

West by Southwest New Zealand, Australia and South Sea islands 3Y W. D. BOYCE. Organizer and Leader of The Old Mexico Research and African Big bam Expeditions, author of “Illustrated South America,” "United States Colonies and Dependencies" and “The First Americans—Our Indians of Yesterday and Today.”

Australia where land was cheap and they could become owners themselves. Those who stayed behind were kept alive through relief works established by a kind, but misguided, governor. The habit of flocking to towns and letting the country go hang seems to be an Ausiralian characteristic and nowhere is it shown more than in South Australia. That its people get along thus

is a tribute to the richness of the land. The state government has done many things to encourage a drift away from the cities. Its land laws are more liberal than those of any other state. It offers good land at reasonable prices, either on lease with the right to buy later or by outright purchase. It gives forty years In which to pay for them and makes exceedingly easy conditions for the settlers. It also advances the money for Improving! lands and for building homes. AUSTRALIA AGRICULTURAL PARADISE. In spite of its big city population South Australia claims it is the agricultural paradise of the commonwealth. It has 2.500.000 acres in grain, mostly wheat; 600,000 acres in orchards, viue-

AustraUa still uses sacks for the handling of It* wheat In bulk. The grain Is sacked at the thrasher and in sacks it stay* until it reaches the flonr mills which are its ultimate destination. Right after harvest the movement of the grain to the shipping center* is slew, so the hag* of wheat are plied in great stacks, covered over with roofs of galvanized iron and left to await movement by rail. This is only a fair-sized stock with 250 000 two-bushel bags, piled together. It Is located at Wullaroo, South Australia.

yards and gardens and 1.500,000 acres either lying fallow or sown In grass—a total of more than 4,500,000 acres under cultivation. When It is realized that the rainfall over the state is sufficient only in certain portions and that much o.* the land has to be irrigated, the wonderful farming prosperity of South Australia is all the more remarkable. Wool is, o f course, the principal product because of the great flocks of sheep which rang** the plains and hills of the interior, but wheat is another. Even as early as 1851 wheat from Sonth Australia had taken first tion with the wheat of the rest of the world. Today, because of its color and grade, it is eagerly sought for mixing with inferior qualities. Over ten years the wheat yield of the State has averaged more than 24,000,000 bushels a year. The average yiild per acre—ten and onehalf bushels—over that period doss not look high in comparison with the average yield of America and the Argentine Republic, but the very low cost of producing wheat in South Australia must not be forgotten. The wheat growers of the State have been very well satisfied

with the price they have received, which in the last ten years has averaged $1.13 a bushel. A large part of South Australia is well adapted for the raising of sheep and cattle. Its pasture lands are rich and grass and fodder are available the year around. There Is no severe winter weather as the United States and Canada knows winter. Snow is to be found only it the highest parts and the winter months mostly are rainy but without the cold which requires putrtng up the stock and feeding it. A large proportion of the farmers combine wheat-growing with sheep and dairy cattle and this has given rise to a large export trade In sheep, mostly lambs. SHEEP ONCE WERE ALMOST A PEST. There was a time when sheep were almost a pest In South Australia. When the price of wool was off many farmers had flocks that were too large to keep with profit and yet could not dispose of them. There are Instances where whole flocks were slaughtered because U “ost

more to keep them than their wool would bring. Then New Zealand made a success of shipping frozen meat to England and Australian sheep raising again became profitat.le, for raising sheep for meat as well as for wool became general. Eighteen million dollars worth of wool was exported from South Australia last year. When I was about to leave the United States on this trip a friend suggested that I eat all the apples I could hold then as I would not find any in Australia. When I return I am going to make It a point of telling him that never in my life have I tasted better fruit of all kinds than T found in South Australia. Its grapes, both blue and white, are delicious; Its apples and peacbe* and pears have a splendid flavor. Practically every kind of fruit of the sub-tropi-

cal and temperate places of the earth thrive in South Australia and Its hills produce fruits of North America that look and tasto equally as well. In the irrigated districts of the Murray River fruit-raising and drying is the basis of ona of the large export trades of the State. Apples and oranges, particularly, thrive there. Because it has not been found easy to ship grapes across the sea there is a large raisin Industry. Its pastures have made South Australia a great dairying country and cooperative butter and cheese factories are to be found ail over the state. In connection with the slate produce department at Adeli lde the government maintains a butter factory which buys the cream direct from the dairies. Much butter is shipped to England each season. White Tygbornt are the most, favored chickens in the state and the breed has been brought to greater perfection in South Australia than in any other part of the world. Asa result the state Is the greatest exporter of poultry and eggs in the commonwealth. This produce, like all other, is handled through the state, which has erected at

INDIANA DAILY TIMES, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15,1921.

Adelaide freezing, canning and preserving works, a butter factory and byproducts factory. These businesses have been entered to give the farmer an opportunity to dispose of his produce at the beat prices. The produce department will undertake to ship and sell in London, through a trade commissioner, all of the produce which the farmers do not dispose of by oth<r means. It will take the live sheep, kin and.freeze them and sell the meat and wool and by-prod-ucts. The state freezing works, the most modern In all Australia, have a capacity' of 8.000 head of Bheep a day and a cold storage plant where 200,000 carcasses can be kept at a time. If the farmer is hard up the department will advance him money on the produce entrusted to it for sale. This advance usually Is three fourths of the amount which It is estimated the produce will bring on the market.

IRRIRAUING ARID ARE \S COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT. Above it was mentioned that the government of South Australia was engaged In the development of irrigation In the Murray River district. This Is one the most comprehensive schemes of Its kind south of the equator. The Murray is the largest river In Australia. It starts from the snow-clad heights of Mt. Kosciusko, in New South Wales, 7,206 feet above sea level, and wanders along 8,212 miles, of which the last S<XJ miles are in South Australia. For a distance of 1,750 miles it Is navigable. In South Australia the Murray offered a double problem. It runs through low-lying country and on either side great areas of pnarsh land were unsulted for anything. Beyond these marshes there were great tracts of land which would prove most suitable for agriculture if they but had some of the water which was going to waste along the Murray. So the government went to work to do tnvo things—reclaim these lands which were under water and take the water and put it where It would be of some use. For many miles along the Murray dikes ware thrown up on the banks of the river channel und then the lands behind these dikes were drained. Their rich soil at once attracted settlers. Then the government established reservoirs and- .uto them pumped water from the Murray. At frequent intervals tlieee reservoirs are emptied into concrete irrigation canals which are spread in n network over the arid areas. It Is ectiraatsd that the water supplied to these dry lands is equal to twenty-four Inches of rainfall a year. When won; which Js about completed has been

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finished some 60,000 acres will have been made productive as a result of irrigation. These lands are given out under perpetual lease in blocks of ten to fifty acrej and 300 acres of high land suitable for sheep Is given to the holder of each block. A visit to one of tho vineyards neat Adelaide proved most interesting. Acres upon acres of vines, trelised to about the height of a man, stretched away on either baud and men and women, armed with • hears. worked among them clipping off the bunches of grapes. The grapo season lasts about three months and grape pickers are paid sls a week. They drop tho clusters In cans, which are emptied on squares of sacking at the end m the rows. There they are loaded in wagons and hauled nwuy to tlie crushing plants. Wine making is one of the big industries of South Australia, both blue and white grapes being used. Suloons In the State are required to close at 6 o'clock in the evening, and as a result there is a growing industry in unfermented wtues. grape Juice and other flavorings of fruit for soft drinks. Drying of fruit by means of the sun is carried on on a large scale, particularly in Renwick, one of the irrigated districts of the Murray River. Mucli of the dried fruit is shipped abroad, the journey from Australia to other lands 1 fling too far for shipment of fresh fruit. Perhaps no spot of the State is richer than the southeastern portion, where of Adelaide to Petersburg, where the rail road that runs to the Broken Hill

It Is Iron In The Blood That Makes Iron Muscles

Like These— rJj Physician Explains a Secret of the Qy f, / /=. Great Power and Endurance of m I | Athletes Tells How Organic Iron Helps Build Rich, Red Blood and Revitalize Wornopt. Exhausted Nerves 'against odds unless j y ' There are countless numbers of men today ffjJ* ,f j ~ who at 40 sre broken In health and steadily TjS/I. '/./ •i-iw/g going downward* to physical and rre> tal de- RgS f cvj cay." aayj Dr. John J. Vnn Horne, formerly mHL v Medical Inspector and Clinical Physlcaln on W9L/ Wf the Board of Health of New York City. "Yet ■ there are thousande of the same men who ,E "if undergo a most remarkable transformation the l moment they get plenty of Iron Into their %F*k7 blood to give Increased energy and endurance." im y / MJa T? But be sure the Iron you take Is organlo Iron *suSfjr *l reCIS and not metallic Iron which people usually , rßKfr >•.•MaiJ&tr I ,lr. Irfan* take. Organic Iron Is like the Iron In your KWjg uacuuu blood and like the Iron In spinach carrots and mKR/, _ apples, while metallic Iron Is Iron just as It ffSHgA; *V comes from the action of strong acids on small Xmfw pieces of Iron. Organlo lr< n may be had from 'i i m jX your druggist under the name of Nuxated Iron, WBJiY V,, / . 'aoi ' ■ ftjEl Nuxated Iron represents organic Iron In such WKjjKjJ '7O/ '..f a highly concentrated form that one dose Is Wife tIM estimated to be approximately equivalent (In .iwfyx organic iron content) to eating half a quart of Vfajuf Vlnach or one quart of green vegetables. It Is vVVr-'J \ like taking extract of beef Instead of eating If you are not strong or well you owe It to W yourself to make the following test: See how long you can work or how far you can walk “ without becoming tired. Next take two fivegrain tablets of Nuxated Iron three times per day, after meals, for two weeks. Then test your strength again and see for yourself how

much you have gained. Many an athlete or prizefighter has won the day simply because he knew the secret of great strength and endurance, which come from having plenty of iron In the blood, while many another has gone down to Inglorious defeat simply for lack of Iron. MANUFACTURERS' NOTE: Nuxated Iron, which is recommended by Dr. Van Horne and other physicians Is now being used by over four million people annually. It Is not a secret remedy but one which ts well known to druggists everywhere. It ig put up in tablet form and you can swallow the tablets or eat them

MIIVATCniUDnftHNRICHES THE BLOOD-GIVES nUAMI Cl//1 nUU YOU NEW STRENGTH AND ENERGY

exceedingly heavy crops of potatoes, onions, cereals and fruit are gathered. Unfortunately, the land is subject to floods, but the State government is spending more than $1,200,000 on a drainage scheme that will rid the land of Its surplus water and open up thousands of acres for occupation. To get Into the real wheat-growing belt of South Australia you go north out

The champion milk and show rows of lhe state of South Australia. Both belong to (he herd of Mr. Peter Mood of Linden Park, near Adelaide, a herd, which by the way, includes both the present and past champion milkers of the state. Maid of Linden, the present champion, I* a Jersey. 6 years old, which, 135 days aftor calving, was giving forty-two pounds of milk a day according to government figures. Bramble of Linden, tli* beauty whose every appearance In file show ring has meant a victory. Is a 4-year-old Jersey and oue of her owner's prides. mines, Just over the New South Wales border, connects with the North and South line between Port Augusta and Oodnadatta. Petersburg is the place through which moct South Australian wheat passes on Its way out of the back country. Along the railways which cross there you see Mg stacks of wheat In sacks awaiting their chance to go down by rail. The stacks are covered with corrugated iron as a protection from the weather. That is the way Australian wheat is handled—ln sacks. At one or

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Orapce are one of the principal products of (south Australia, both the blue and white varieties growing to large sisea. They have a delicious flavor, but so fur no way hoe been found to ship th* fruit oversea* In good condition. So the vine-growers of the stuta turned their attention to currants and South Australian currant* und raisins now grace the table** of many an American and European home. The top photograph shows grape* being dried In the sun, although In some places more modern drying method* prevail. Grape picker* make about sl4 a week. Tho day the lower picture was taken the thermometer stood at 119 degrees In the shade and flies annoyed you by the thousands, bnt these pickers did not seem to mind either the heat or tho flic*.

two ports grain elevator* have been tried out and others ro doubt will speedily follow. But mostly the wheat is sacked at the thrashor and in sacks it remains until it is emptied et the flour mill. I have seen whole trains of wheut on the little narrow-gauge railways which bring the golden grain down out of the central part of the State diminutive little open freight <-nr* piled with sacked

like candy. Each tablet of genulne Nuxated Iron la stamped as follows and the words Nuxated Apl Iron are stamped Into each bottle, -A. so that the public may not be led Into accepting Inferior substitutes. It is easily assimilated and doesn't Injure the teeth, make them black nor upset the stomach. The manufacturers guarantee successful and entirely satisfactory results to every purchaser or they will refund your money. It is dispensed in this city by all good druggists In tablet form only.

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grain and covered with tarpaulin. Around Peteraburg there Is an annual rainfall of thirteen inches, and by the addition of phosphates the ground will yield up to twenty bushels of wheat to the acre, which Is more than the State average. But further north In what th 9 maps used to show a desert and which the early explorers branded aa unfit for cultivation, there has come about a great transformation by the discovery that underneath thousands of acres of land there lies a vast underground supply of water, which has soaked through the porous soil and been caught by the rock strata below. Wells bored from eighty to two hundred feet tap this supply and make possible the cultivation of tho ground. For real dry farming, however, the people who live on Yorke's Peninsula, which Juts out of the South Australian coast line like a huge boot, take the prize. The rainfall there Is slight, but the limestone soil Is well adapted to wheat growing and the peninsula farm ■ ers have learned how to make their land produce as high as thirty-five to forty bushels to the acre. In what is known as the Plnnaroo district, toward the Victorian border, it once was thought that there never would be any agriculture. There are no rivers there, not even streams that can be dignified by the tame of creeks, but subartesian water was found more than two hundred feet under the surface and what was thought to be a desert now is a country of tanks and wells—and wheat. “Ninety Mile Desert,” so-called, Is ninety miles long by fifty miles wide and 1t has almost three million acres'which have been made subject to cultivation by boring for water and finding it. One man tried to raise wheat there in 1896

BP KTITHS 38th Vaudeville •JT • I\Ll 11l O Anniversary Hsld Over by Popular Demand—Greatest of All Vaudeville Attractions SINGER’S MIDGETS World’s Biggest Show of Little People—3o Tiny Artists and Actors—--3 Elephants—2s Ponies—ls Dogs—lo Scenes. A Surrounding Show of Featured Stars. FLORENZ ADELAIDE AMES & WINTHROP Presenting a Thumbnail Revue, “Alice in Blunderland” JACK BENNY ARTHUR BARAT A MUSICAL MONOLOGUE AERIAL NOVELTY EDW. FURMAN and Wm. NASH “SCORING TOUCHDOWNS ON THE GRIDIRON OF SONG” SECOND BIG FEATURE ATTRACTION ALLEN RODGERS and LEONORA ALLEN Two Favorite Young American Singers, Dudleigh Vernor at the Piano AESOP’S FABLES | PATHE NEWS DON’T LET THE CHILDREN MISS OUR BARGAIN MATINEE

Rthe two best BETS w lALTO & BROADWA Y OVAUDEVILLE-PHOTOPLAYO I i THERE’S A REASON • “

CUIkaBOimWsB. ALL NEXT WEEK STARTING SUND.^^I^ RPGERf vnUH

“AFTER THE SHOW” -with- | Mtig Jack Holt and Lila Lee vs

Richard Barthetmess

“EXPERIENCE”

and succeeded. Others have followed him and It is only a question of time before the whole jf that country will be producing w'heat. A railroad runs up there now, a suie sign that South Australia places grtat faith in the future of that once deserted part of the State. Eyre's Peninsula, too, has two lines of rails which tap n country that has been proved to have water at a shallow depth. More than three fourths of the peninsula's 15,000.0)0 acres can be made to produce wheat, the experts say. All that South Australia needs is the people to tackle it. That is the story of South Australia’s

Constipation Vanishes Forever

Prompt—Permanent—Relief CARTER’S LITTLE LIVER FiLLS never fail. Purely vegetable —act surely but 8- 1 ” “ [CARTER'S] Stop after* JBPITTLE dinner dis* 4¥iver trees— cor* M Hqii a rect indiges* B fc—jLgjSE tion; improve LHHHR9BOHKSI the complexion brighten the eyes. Small Pill— Small Dose—Saudi Price

AMUSEMENTS.

MOTION PICTURES.

*Gircle the^tre *4 ' o u ml *4 t* t~ /n < *s*l 9 _ J* . . i''..

agricultural efforts. In the next article 1 will tell you about ita other resources. Next week Mr. Boyce will tell of the Industrie* of Sooth Australia and what tho St uto government does to promote progress. It will be Interesting to neb how far tho government controls transportation and pub.ic improvement and utilities organizations and what relations government control has to the present high standing of South Australia.

AMUSEMENTS.

vL, n- ENGLISH’S •TVjL * TONIGHT, 8:15 v iAnd A,i Week, IfninMnr The Droll Musical Comedy Hit, “Abe Martin” /;/ S A It’* a Mirth-Quake Imli/ i'iii \\ of Laughter, Based fj | U j&i \\ on Kin Hubbard's /.1 u nF! Famous Brown flljj * County Character Creation. dstji Matinees Wed. I *1 and 4at. I Price*:. Afternoon. 50c to SI.OO. Evening. 50c to $1.50.

NEXTWEEKs^ ti^t SEAT SALE TODAY. Second Edition of Last Season’s “Century Midnight Whirl," a Hit of Hits in Indianapolis. THE § STAR WUSICAL INTOXICANTU ; BKUARD CABLE V BLANCHE BING \ CUAS. WNMNGER \ f MNONA MINTED \ \ \QQ 'JAY GOULD 1 ocJ tWe, I |TTWa“ MILLIONAIRE'S JfiV CHORDS p _ ppirre NIGHTS—SOc to $3.50. riULLO MATINEE—SOc to $1.50.

mmc PEARLS OF PEKIN Os Pretty and Stately Models in * Song and Dance Revue. J. K. EMMETT JR., MARY RYANf AND COMPANY 6 OTHER BIG £% NEW ACTS O Dancing in the Lyric Ballroom Afternoon and Evening.

■ a SHI HURT *■**■ MuraT ion (Friday. Saturday Mat. and Xite The .Musical Comedy KISSING TIME I Music by iTan Caryll 1 Book by George V. Hobart prices—Tonight. 50c. 75c. sl, $1.50, $2 I Matinee Saturday. 50c, 75c, sl. sl2lO. |

park ;s:; Miss NEW YORK Jr. A Bevy of Pretty Girls —•— MOTION PICTURES.

r AS IT WAS PRESENTED AT $2 A SEAT LOEWS STATE OFFERS D. W. Griffith’s WAY DOWN EAST FOR AFTS. EVES. 30c50c BOX SEATS, sl.oo— lncluding Tax.

fUbmiAa Entire Week BEBE DANIELS In “ONE WILD WEEK” ROY SANDS AND FRANCES JOHNSON IN SONG SCENES FROM “APrLE BLOSSOMS." AI St. John in “Small Town Stuff.” FOX NEWS WEEKLY Get in on the Alhambra’s World Series Baseball Contest. It's tows talk! Witness the great national game series at our expense. For particulars see Mr. Young, Third Flow, Lyric Theater Building. fniri TODAY and Rest of Week WILLIAM RUSSELL “SINGING RIVERS” Comedy. "NINETY DAYS Off U7T

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