Indianapolis Times, Volume 34, Number 25, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 June 1921 — Page 13

SOUND METHOD PUTS IDLE LAND ON PROFIT BASE Nation’s Agrarian Problem May Be Solved by Logical • v Plan. FARM HOMES FOR ALIENS WASHINGTON' —The problem* of ■what to do with the immigrant, of crowded cities and of idle farm lands can all be in a measure solved by a project for giving the immigrant every opportunity to obtain a farm as soon as he arrives in America, in the opinion of the new Commissioner General of Immigration, W. W. Husband, as expressed in an exclusive interview. Mr. Husband has not yet perfected his plan for doing this, but will soon begin holding conferences with his colleagues for that purpose His general idea is to use uncultivated lands in private ownership, under some commercial arrangement, with Government supervision or cooperation. The immigrant is not to be given a ready-made farm, but aid and iriftruction in clearing waste land, as the pioneers did. The farm is to be paid for in long installments While there Is wide disagreement as to how the thing should be done, all students of the agrarians problem of this country agree with Mr. Husband that the great need is for some system by which the man with little or no capital, who Is capable of farming, may get hold of land on snch terms that he can make a living out of it. “The Lamigrant." according to the new Commission General, “ought to be the logical element in our population to restore the balance between rural and city population. A considerable part of the normal immigration of the United States is a farming population that knows nothing but farming. These people hold the love of the soil as a native Inheritance, and their hope is to own a few acres of land and some stock. I hake visited the peasants of various countries of Europe. I have eaten with them, and slept In their houses, and I know that land Is their dream and ambition. That is one big thing. You have not got to teach the Immigrant to love the land.'* Mr. Husband went on to explain that his desire for land ownership does not lead the immigrant to seek a farm for himself when he comes to this country, because in recent years friends and relatives who have preceded him have not gone to farms. The immigrant comes here more or less dependent on others of his race to help him. He follows the example of these others, and settles down in New York s East Side, or in a New England factory town, and starta vend lug or working in a factory. No matter what his race may be. the foreigner is timidly clannish and clings to the program mapped out by those who came ahead of him. ■ALIENS WILLING TO FARM. Mr. Husband holds that the qualities that make these immigrants follow the leadership of others will attract them to the farms, once the tide is deflected from the cities to the land. '“When Immigration was largely from northern Europe,” he says, “the alien who landed here made straight for the farm. Then southern and eastern Europe began to send more Immigrants coincident with the enormous industrial development of the United States, beginning about ISSO. In 1&80, 70.5 per cent of the population of this country was rural, and then began the drift to the cities from the farms and from Europe, until last year the rural population was only 4&0. The trend toward the city would have existed anyway. But the mUilons who have come from Europe since it started have very largely contributed to It. "In this period we hare developed a wonderful industrial system and the Immigrant has been a big factor in its success. We owe him a good deal. But more immigrants continue to pour in from Europe, and there is a constantly decreasing opportunity for them in the dries. They are merely increasing the d.ff ulty of an already diffieu’t situation. “We will probably have lmmig-stion in the future as in the past, and we must soon do something to attract the aliens to sections where they are needed

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and where they can make a fair living.” The remedy proposed by the commissioner lies in the millions of acres of waste land in this country. There are no longer enough desirable homesteads on Government land to supply many Immigrants. It will have to be a commer cial proposition based on the untilled Lands in private ownership. With hard work this land can be converted Into good, one-man farms. But there must be hard work, because the farmer who takes the land must begin as the homesteader does. He probably will have to build bis house and barn. He will have to prepare the soil. But tbit is no more than pioneers, immigrs nts and native-born Americans, have been doing all over the country 1n the years when it was being developeed. The iol> should be easier now. with parcel post, mail order systems, railroads and practical Government assistance. GOVERNMENT MIST HELP. Mr. Husband feels that If the Government dees decide to help the immigrant get a start on a farm, the work should be carried further and an extra eflort made to help him achieve success. That ] is, he thinks the county agent and the home demonstration branch of the De partment of Agriculture should give the foreign farmer and his wife special atten- j tion. The children's bureau can also help him, and local and State agencies can look out for the sanitation of his farm and the education of his children. First of all, however, Mr. Husband feel 6 that the foreigner should not be shunted off to a piece of land where he can only catch sight of the smoke from his nearest neighbor's house on a clear day. This isolation has been a discomfort that mtfffy homesteaders have had to endure. Isolation is especially distasteful to the immigrant and will undoubted’y be avoided in planning the new homestead project. Waste land can be found in the crowded East as well as in the West. A large tract of land at a considerable distance from existing farms would probably, If turned over to the Immigrants. be divided among a number of them, so that they would not feel shut out from other people. A whole colony of foreigners, however, it not so desirable from the Americanization point of view, as a few mixed in with American farmers. People in different parts of the country have begun to write to Mr. Husband saying that there is land In their localities which would be suitable for farm development. and offering to cooperate with the Government and the new settlers. Though no definite plan has been formed, letters have come from such widely distributed States as Florida, Michigan. Utah, North Dakota, Kentucky and Maine. A railroad official has written to say that the railroads ought to cooperate in such a plan. An Italian tank official offered to loan money to Italian immigrants for land investment, and other organizations have written expressing interest dr offering suggestions. The first step contemplated is to get together officials of the Labor. Agriculture and Interior Departments to formulate a working plan and to see If existing Government machinery is sufficient to carry it out. If not. It will be necessary for Congress to pass a‘law giving the necessary authority, and perhaps providing some funds, .before anything can be done. If it is worked ont as Mr. Husband sees It, the Immigrant farm plan will be under the general direction of the Government, even though It Involves a commercial deal between the owner of the land, the immigrant, and either a bank or the United States Treasury. Somers’ Funeral Will Be Tomorrow Special to The Times. KOKOMO, Ind., June 10.-—The funeral of Orlando A. Somers, former national commander of the G. A. R„ will be held at 4:30 o'clock Saturday afternoon. It will be a memorial service and permit of burial at sunset, in accordance with his wishes. William A. Ketcham. national commander of the G. A R, and Judge Hebert Mcßride, both of Indianapolis, have been asked to deliver eulogies The pallbearers will be members of the Sons of Veterans camp and. honorary palibearers, former State commanders of the GAR. Mr. Somers was the guiding spirit in the erection of th“ soldiers' monument in Crown Point cemetery this city and designated the plot exclusively devoted to the burial of soldiers.

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MACHINE GUN DANCE SYMBOL WAR EMOTIONS New American School of Dancing to Express Soul of Nation. METHODS OF ANCIENTS WASHINGTON, D. C.—“ The Dance of the Machine Gun” was recently enacted by a young man at a local amateur performance before a highly edified audience. In this artistic effort the young man took something distinctly modern and tried to interpret the emotions which it would arouse in a sensitive beholder, Just as the early Greeks, the early Egyptians, the American Indians and many other ancient ‘and primitive people have interpreted the familiar and striking fea- | t’Jres of their lives in dance. Opinion was divided as to the merits of the yonng man's performance. It was in fact rated all the way from the sub-' lime to the ridiculous. But it had to be conceded tlat he Vvas an artistic pioneer

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of a high order. Ever since certain stage stars popularized interpretive dancing In this country some years ago, the vogue of it as an art has been spreading. There are schools of interpretive dancing in nearly all of our cities. Plump ladies dance to get thin and thin ladies dance to ge fat, and all of them dance, of course, to express their souls. In addition to the women, there is a small and courageous band of male dancers. Those are the real martyrs of the cause, for, although David in the Bible danced for the Glory of Jehovah in the face of his wife’? disapproval, solo dancing has now come to be regarded as primarily a feminine art. Solo dancing by couples, of ■ course, is an entirely different thing, being a form of communal courting, and a lineal descendant of the social orgies of savage tribes, and not an artistic effort at all. * SOME POSSIBLE THEMES. But the Important point Is that this brave young man of the machine gun dance was trying to Invent an American and modern Interpretive dance, and so get away from the imitative character of all our dan es. Just as our architecture In this country is a grotesque mixture of Greek, Gothic, English and Italian with dabs of Oriental, so our Interpretive dancing has been imitative of Greek, Egyptian and Hindoo efforts. In neither is there anything original, anything “100 per cent American ” Now our literature just recently Is showing strong signs of Indigenous originality,

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and our architecture, dancing and other arts should be able to follow suit. If the young man's mechanical notion was followed out, we should have likewise the dance of the steam drill, the dance of the steam'shovel, and above all the dance of the steam roller, which would afford special opportunities for the heavy talent which is so abundant in dancing circles. But the new American school of dance should express the soul of the great: American people rather than the mere mechanical externals of Its industrial technology. For example, opposed to the famous of the ancient Romans we should have the prohibition dance. The Imagination fairly riots with possible details. Likewise the dance of the blue laws would surely be one of our masterpieces, embodying the very soul of our traditional puritanlsm. Imagine also dances which interpreted the spirit of a great American amusement park, and think of the effects which could be wrought in a dance of election night, or a dance of the Red Peril. Does it strike you as ridiculous? It is by just such interpretations of thtlr national and racial life that the ancient raised the dance to a plane of equality with music and painting as an art. And it Is by our failure to Interpret ourselves that we have let it degenerate into jigging and clogging. We are at a disadvantage in creating a dance form typical of our period, because dancing has held almost no place in our l,vec as a rile or for self-expression. In the beginning of the race, the primitive

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man began spontaneously to imitate the attractive rhythm of the waves or grass In the wind. Then rhythm became an accessory to worship, tad for centuries, savages, Egyptians, Greeks and Hebrews danced before their altars. But in the early medieval times religious dancing began to lost favor, nntll now ony in Spain, among clvlllued nations. Is there any religious dancing, and even there it has survived by evasion of an edict, religion, with indoor services, has no p'ace for the ecstatic dance. OUR UN RHYTHMIC LIVES. Nor do our amusements and occupations lend themselves readily to rhythmic mimicry. We are told that the Greek maidens played knuckle bones In their dances, and the Indians have arrow, bead, feather and spear dancer.!, symbo'lc of their interests. But when we take modern . parallels—golf, the automobile, machinery and airplanes—rhythmic possibilities have seemed negligible. Yet it may be that the fault Is In ourselves. Adelaide Genee, the famous ballerina, is noted for her remarkable dance of the hunt. Why not a dance symbolic of the motorist? Or ia it that we are so close to the automobile that we can not tee in It the picturesque qualities that we note at once In the Roman chariot? Any tyro at dancing could give you a chariot dance Amateurs get their Ideas of free dancing from accounts' saying that the Greeks danced spontaneously and did not spenCS long periods training for their festival

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dancing. The point overlooked is that the Greeks had strict physical training in gymnasium, and generally the heritage of a strong physique to begin with. The average person today can with difficulty hold a pose on one foot for ten seconds. Yet to express lightness in dancing, the individual must have the power to put his body into positions that are really easy and graceful. For us, who lack the heritage of the Greek, this means hard work. But the casual devotees of art flutter along, trying to build a top story of bacchanals and Amazon dances on a wobby foundation. Another scarcely understood fact is that the Greeks used in their dances the natural ways of expressing emotions that are used in real life. When jealousy, grief, hatred, and love are strong enough, even the fingers, eyes, and shoulders respond with certain reactions. Isadora Duncan understood this. She found the Greeks inspiring because their dancing expressed emotions In ways which seemed to her natural and beautlfuL HeT aim was for the dance to interpret some aspect of life just as a poem or painting does, not to Imitate Greek poses for the sake of doing a :lassic dance. Many barefoot dancers, however, have wandered from this ideal of art. They take it that the same geetures can be used in every dance and that so long as a step is graceful it is appropriate. This leads to the confused waving of arms and legs with which so many dancers greet the “Hungarian Rhapsody” and

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Chopin’* "Funeral March” alike. Then, too, we have the other extreme of Greek dances produced with a deadily precision that reduces them to tHa Inspirational level of a Swedish clap dance. Greek dancing has been most popular with us because, in dancing, ae in other things, we have more in common with the European than with the Oriental. Egyptian and Hindu dancers with angles, elbow*, contortions and Turkish trouser* have added a dah of the exatic to our artistic efforts, but their vogue has been limited. Strangely enough, the American Indian has never figured to any extent in onr revivals of different style* of dancing. Yet the primitive Indian put religious and emotional expression in his dances no less than the Greek. The form of the Indian dances Is often attractive. It la a mistake to tblak of them as nothing bat monotonous leaping in a circle wltg grunts from the chorus. Indian dancing should appeal to ue. too, because of It* symbolic and dramatic qualities. Asa people, we respond most quickly to dancing that tells a story. We seem to be drawing more or less inspiration from the various peoples who made of dancing an art. We have this for a foundation. And now that the rhythm of machinery has been put into the language of ’ 1 dance of one pioneer, it is possible tht a school may grow up and that we have descriptive and dramatic dancing with modern theme*. It may be the beginning of an American dunce art.

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