Indianapolis Times, Volume 34, Number 6, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 May 1921 — Page 6

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Jfotoana Sate Stones INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. Dally Except Sunday, 25-29 South Meridian Street. Telephones—Main 3600, New 28-351 MEMBERS OF AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS. t . , M (Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, G. Logan Payne Cos. Advertising ounces (New York, Boston, Payne, Barns & Smith, Inc. NOW Mr. Thomas C. Howe has gone to Washington—not to dictate, bnt perhaps to explain how it happened that he is not dictating! THOSE THIEVES who stole a box of eoap from a freight car may hare been considering the advisability of making their own "suds." TAKING ADVANTAGE of limited appropriations to clean up the prohibition enforcement department is a nice way to eliminate some misfits. THERE SEEMS TO BE a question as to whether Greencastle desires the State Reformatory any more than it enjoys the State Penal Farm! THE PURPOSE of Mr. Shank’s demand for Mr. Lemeux’s resignation baring been accomplished, there la some reason to believe that it might be withdrawn! MR. BARRY’S TALK to Shortridge patrons would indicate that ho has no more regard for the board of which he Is a member than the patrons have for the faction to which he belongs! COMMISSIONER SHANK’S ARGUMENT that 90 per cent of the affected taxpayers are willing to pay for Improved roads certainly entitles the projects to some consideration. Without Restraint! The announcement of Chairman Wasmuth that the Republican organisation will remain neutral In the election on our constitutional amendments la a good piece of political strategy. The truth of the matter la, of course, that these amendments, framed by the Goodrich administration as party measures, are so repugnant to so many Republicans that the party cannot undertake to force them on the public without causing dissension. Like everything else in the Goodrich administration that was tolerated for the sake of party regularity, the constitutional amendments were looked upon by many Republicans as of doubtful value. Now that Goodrich has been eliminated from the leadership of the party In the State there are many Republicans who no longer feel compelled to strangle their opinions. These Republicans appear to have been more numerous than was generally believed. At least, the group Is powerful enough to cause Mr. Wasmuth to refrain from antagonising it In the name of the party. However, considerable good will come of the announcement that the adoption or rejection of the amendments Is not to be advocated by the party organization. The voters will be free to exercise their Judgment on the tax question, which Is really the only Important one raised by the proposed constitutional amendments. The question at issue appears to bo whether the State will continue to struggle along under tax regulations that are admittedly unjust and undesirable, or whether It will go to the other extreme and abandon all constitutional limitations, throwing the taxing power into the Legislature, there to be subjected to the influences of various lobbies and all politics. Manifestly, the question should not be entangled with a question of party alliances. Much can be said in favor of the amendments proposed on the tax question. Much can also he said against the advisability of removing the present constitutional restrictions. And It Is indeed gratifying to learn that those who desire to talk either way are to be permitted to do so without restraint by a political organization.

‘The Play’s the Thing’ * Was not the Bard of Avon correct when he made one of his characters exclaim, “The play's the thing,” and is not the play a great factor in life today? All the moral suggestion that many people now get, even on Sunday, comes from the screen of motion pictures, and lucidly, all end with the triumph of right, and with a supposed moral, at least. The drama is bo rich in historical Incidents that really it should be approached with reverence, but actors are not regarded as preachers for they are quite human and they would resent any ecclesiastical classification. The Passion and Miracle plays that almost predate the English language as we know it, first appeared in churches. Before them pageants were given, generally on some Biblical subject. Today little dramatic societies are giving pageants and producing plays, everywhere, while wonderful motion pictures show eminent actors in world famous pieces, for a very nominal price. Indianapolis is enjoying, In addition, two companies of players who are here for the summer. In these companies are many finished actors, stars of reputation, who brave the heat of summer to entertain the lovers of the drama and who stage excellent drama, of the highest order. The motion pictures have educated the public to see great efforts and wonderful scenic effects, but action by a live person Is not supplanted, nor can the delicate inflections of the voice be substituted by any vision of the eye. The actor is here to stay. The Pot of Gold The pot of gold to be found somewhere, perhaps at the foot of a min' bow, is as elusive as ever. Buried treasure very seldom appears to repay efforts towards recovery, but its appeal to the imagination is still strong. The congressional Investigation into the Bergdoll escape—when the drafted soldier was permitted to leave prison to obtain hidden gold, was one of the latest call* of the yellow metal. It proved a disappointment to every one excepting tpe convicted draft dodger and his chauffeur. Both eventually got to Germany. The buried treasure of Captain Kidd —the wealth hidden under the sea—to say nothing of secrets of other pirates and bold robhers, all continue a call to the imagination and would allure seekers as of old, if wisdom had not decreed the fallacy of their allurements, through the paths of science. There Is a work going on which appeals strongly to this phase of human nature. It is the task of salvaging ships at sea This is dangerous, but if a recovery is accomplished, the courts decree a good reward and even if a ship is mortgaged, It may be sold to pay for salvage. The effects of the submarine warfare furnish abundant material on which to work for years. Occasionally, however, a pot of gold is found at home. The striking of oil, la an instance, and indeed its history transforms the real into romance and proves truth stranger :han fiction. The literal finding of burled treasure is something that seldom occurs, and why should it? Should one reap where another has sown? Another Step The doubting may as well have faith and the halting go forward, for the wireless telephone is arriving and although someone may listen in, this new achievement of science seems destined to grow more and more into use. Recently an inventor asked for a franchise in Chicago, to furnish wireless phones and telegraphs, while in Schenectady, N. Y., the home of many electrical institutions and Inventions, student members of the Union College Radio Club rigged a wireless phone to a baby carriage and furnished lullabys all over the town by that method. Marconi, inventor of the wireless telegraph, says that soon telephonic communication may be established across the Atlantic without cable or wires. The old telephoning can reach Cuba, at present, and words have passed from Europe to America, but not in such a manner that they could be called a conversation. So the wireless, when finally perfected, will be welcomed as a necessity. There are those today who remember when living in the country meant isolation, when the doctor was summoned by courier and final]? came on horseback. People die today as they did then, although the physician responds by high powered automobile to a phone call and takes not onetanth of the time. When the public can locate a train that Is lata, or communicate with wifely at home, or elsewhere, simply by taking an instrument out of the pocket and sticking part of it in the ground and Che rest in the air and then talking; one step nearer real sport win been reached.

£#e Public Trust of New Zealand. IS An Institution That Should Be Adopted By Each Os Our States

By W. D. BOYCE. IT ALWAYS is necessary to go to any country to get a correct viewpoint of its political organization, business institutions, living conditions, climate and products. About the only thing I ever had heard about New Zealand before 1 came here was that she was hell bent toward state socialism and was following the Japanese system of having the government own all the land and only lease It to the people who live on it. This condition does not exist In New Zealand and the people and the government tend less and less In this direction th:m any other British possession. No doubt the reports were started by the | big trusts and corporations the world over which feared the effects of the ex- j ample New Zealand was setting In effectively reaching their operations. This cointry learned early that yon cannot reach the big trusts and corporations through legislation and that state com petition Is the only way huge profits and domineering dispositions can be stopped. The postofflre, railroads, telegraph* and telephones are the only completely government owned, controlled and operated businesses In the country. That Is because they are natural monopolies and must be operated as state monopolies to reduce costs. There are three shining examples of businesses Into which the government has gone In competition with private business, has cut costs S3 1-3 pei '**"♦ to the public and has made big profits for : the government Itself. They are the Are Insurance company, the life Insurance company and the public trust business. In no case are they a State monopoly. ESTABLISH STATE public tecst orncit. Every man or woman who during his or her lifetime Baves and accumulates any property Is most anxious how it Is to be administered after hU or her death, so that the proceeds may reach those of their relations for whom they have saved without being dissipated or lost through Irresponsible trust companies or banks. The cost of administering many estates Is almost equal to the amount left. Trost companies and banks which act as trustees frequently pile up charges against the estate through employing big attorneys to look after this and that and while a man may think he Is leaving something to hts family he would be shocked If he could come back to life a few fears after he dies and discover that he had only left an estate to be squandered In administration. This Is the experienco which the early New Zealanders had and within twentyfive years after they had organized n government of their own they had established a state trust offtc®, not as a state monopoly, but as a government enterprise in competition with the same lines of business as conducted by corporations and private Individuals. The government being back of the state trust office, the public took no risk and a man could die knowing that wiiat he had left would not be lost, also that the charges would be much less than If he had left It to some private Individual, attorney, bank or trust company to settle up bis estate. The Tubllc Trust Office of New Zeeland was constituted In 1872, by the pub-

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This l* otv of the belles of Wtsts, the Maori Titlafr near Ketorna. Hut, sad to relate, she Is doomed to an early death, for tubervnloels, whii'h has carried off many memb-ti* of her family, has It# grip on her. Tobertnlitie is one of the disease* to which tlx Maori was subject long before civilisation came to the islands. lie trust office act of that yeat. It waa the first institution of lta kind and has served a* a model for the creation of other public trust offices la various parts of the British Empire. The Consolidated Fund of the Dominion Is liable to make good any loss which the pnblic trustee, if he were a. private trustee, would be lieb'e to discharge. The head office U located at Wellington, the seat of government, and there are fourteen branch offices throughout the Dominion, administered by deputies to the public trustee. BOARD DIRECTS PUBLIC TRUSTEE. In connection with the office there is a board, to whose directions the public trustee Is subject, and which also acts In an advisory capacity In respect to all snch matters relating to the administration or business of the public trust office as may be referred to it by the public trustee or by the Minister of Finance. This board controls the investments of moneys from time to time in the common fund of the Public Trust Office or otherwise In the hands of the Public Trustee and available for investment. The office ia designed mainly to af-

Thls 1# the most common kind of evident In New Zealand railroading. The tracks wind through se tunny bill* that It la not übomsl for earth •adi reck slides to black the rail#.

INDIANA DAILY TIMES, THURSDAY, MAY 19, 1921.

The main building of the Public Trust Office at Wellington, the capital of New Zealand. Both Inside and outside It Is very much like the average American office building, and the offices are splendidly furnished.

ford, at low rates of commission, a 1 secure and convenient recourse la every case whore a person residing In either New Zealand or abroad dual res to make a will or to appoint an agent or attorney In the Dominion. In addition to administering the estates of deceased persons and acting as attorney or agont the office Is required to undertake vurlona other duties. Tor Instance, the public trustee administers the estates of all Insane persons for whom no guardian has been appointed. He also administers various reserves throughout the Dominion that have been set apart for the henoflt of the native race, as well as dealing with unclaimed lands and unclaimed property. The custody of all the department superannuation funds Is placed with the public trust®*, who also administers many of the 1 rger relief funds subscribed by the public to allevt ate distress as the outcome of mining and other disasters. The public trustee also has duties In connection with land settlements, educational reserve*, bankruptcy, shipping and seamen, war regulations snd convicts' estates. Tho public trust office Is a i department of the government service and 1 the security and fidelity of the adminI lstratlon Is guaranteed by statute, the l Stats being pledged to maintain the Integrity of capital funds placed In the public trust office, either without any direction for investment or to be Invested at the option of tbo public trustee in any of the securities In which, unless expressly prohibited, he may Invest all capital. All moneys coming Into the office, unless expressly directad to the contrary by the will or instrument of the trust, fall into what Is called a common fund, sny deficiency In which must be made good by the State. The money In this common fund Is Invested by the public trustee In first-class securities and the Interact thn* earned enables a common rate of Interest to be fired snd regularly credited to all estates for which funds are held.

ENTIRELY DIVORCED FROM POLITICS. This system of investment results in trust funds earning as much as well conducted bank stocks. The public trust office has no Interest whatever In tho earnings of the trust fund* but only In the commission for final distribution and settling up of the trust, which Is from to 3 per cent on principal and earnings of the whole estate. This public trust corporation 1# entirely separated from politics and goe* along Just like a private institution. It own* Us own buildings, pays the same government and local taxes and postage that any private Institution pays. The only different# 1* that Its rail ability and responsibility Is guaranteed by the government and Its customers take no risk. The employes are under civß service and while they are not receiving as high salaries as If they were working for some private concern they are sure of their Jobs as long as they aro doing faithful and efficient work. The public trust oflce was not Intended originally to be a profitable corporation, but th# great confidence which the public has In It throws nearly all business In New Zealand to it and lta net profits now are oror $300,000 a year. The public trust oflce is most admirably managed by J. W. Macdonald, deputy of the public trustee and a high claws attorney. This Is an institution that should be adopted by every State In the United States. RISK COMPANIES HAD OWX WAY UNTIL 1908, Until 1908 the fire insurance companies doing business In New Zealand had a monopoly of writing all fire Insurance policies. They had got together, there was no competition In rates and the public vras paying entirely too much for fire Insurance. The Rt. Hon. Richard Seddon, who then was and had been for some time

In this rase a passenger train ram# along Just as the slide occurred and the engine nd twe coocfeae were derailed. Beyond • general shaking up, there were at# #sn#l*le#.

Office employee In Now Zealand are treated differently from those In America. In the forenoon on 1 afternon n halt is called on work and everybody adjourns to a refreshment room where tern is served to the workers.

prime minister of New Zealand, believed that the only way to regulate fire Insurance rates was through state competition, not a state monopoly. A commission was appointed to investigate the queatlon. Seddon, however. Insisted upon rarllament Incorporating a fire Insurance company, backed by the state. The proposition carried by a small majority. The new state company began doing business by hiring from the old established companies the best mon they cou'd lift and paying them very good salaries. The company did not start with the Idea of having a cheaply conducted, politically controlled business Institution, which nsually Is the reason for the failure of any business In which municipalities, states or nations engage. . The first year the new state-owned fire Insurance company cut the rate 10 per cent nil around. The old established companies met that rate and redneed It still further until the rate on many classes of risks was 83 per cent below what it had been when the government entered the business. The government promptly met this cut and there has been no reduction since In rates by either the government or the privately owned. Incorporated companies. For the first tsn years after th# government fire Insurance company started

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This 1# the way the town of Hamit lon, one of th# important secondary centers of the North Inland, Is protected from fire. In the mountain country It is iwy to get water pressure that will throw a stream over the top of the highest building they have in the Dominion. In the fiat country, like that around Hamilton, tower# like these are eroded upon tho highest spots. Note the peculiar construction of tlie tower, which hii* )teams of steel and concrete Inside, but only a shell between the posts of tho enter wall.

every known trick of trade by monopolies and combined Institutions was practiced against it. First, the old companies refused to carry any Insurance for anybody who dealt with the government company. If a man or concern took out a policy with ths government company, Immediately every Insurance company In the Dominion of New Zealand canceled every policy they had for this man or concern. While this was vary hard on the new cotnpanay It alao was very shortsighted on the part of the opposition because British spirit of fair play does not permit the practice of boycott, and thousands of persons placed all their insurance with the new company. LLOYD’S COMES TO ITS RELIEF. This gava the new company larger Unas of Insurance than it wa* safe for one cotnpanay to carry on a lot of buildings, manufacturing plants or linos of business, and it became necessary to reinsure, for it Is contrary to the policy of any sound Insurance company to carry more than SIO,OOO to $20,000 on any one risk. That was where the old companies thought they could throttle the new company, and this was the hardest proposition which it had to overcome. At this Juncture the great so-called Lloyd’s insurance of England came Into play and underwrote all of the Insurance which the government fire Insurance company of New Zealand wanted to pass on to other companies. For ten years this condition existed. Then the old Insurance companies doing business tn New Zealand got enough of It. Today they underwrite from the government company the same as they do from each other. The government company now does the largest fire Insurance business In New Zealand and has made a profit, which it has on hand as a surplus, of over $1,000,000. Three - fourths of this surplus is Invested In high class securities. The original charter under which the government company operates provided that whaa tt had earned sufficient pies-

Government Saves Peoples Noney,—6y Competing Wifli Insurance Companies ° ~ v i

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Uodflehing off a wharf near Dunedin. New Zealand Is a great fish country and Its waters abound with many specie*. On a holiday tho wharfs and Jetties are thronged with

its to give Its capital enough to be quite safe, profits should he returned to ths policy holders. The company now Is believed to have reached that point and fire Insurance In New Zealand will soon take another drop. Alth( ugh this Is a government owned and backed Insurance company and policies are guaranteed by the government and employes are nnder civil service—which Insures their positions whether the government changes from one party to the other or not—political Influence doe* not reach It and the company Is purely a business lnstltntlon, well managed. Although the company Is a government owned, backed and guaranteed corporation, It paid an Income tax of SBO,OOO to the government last year. It has also every other tax and expense a privately owned company would have, even down to the postage stamps It uses. There are six branch offices In New Zealand cities where the company owns It own buildings, and has salaried employes. It also has agents on commission In every town and township in the Dominion. Every Ptnto In tho United States should have a fire Insurance company of it* own. No doubt this would result in an average saving of 25 per cent In the cost of fire Insurance to the people of such States as no combination as now exists between all insurance companies eould then hold up rates. In ISR4 I was running a country newspaper In th# territory of Dakota. I had a $1,500 mortgage on the plant and two SI,OOO fire Insurance policies. My newspaper office burned up, then It was discovered that one of the Insurance policies was bad and I had to borrow money to leave the territory, owing atlll SSOO on the mortgage. Had I been Insured In n Government Insurance company I would not have been broke. The moral Is obvious.

I.IKEWISB TAKE UP lira insurance. The first parliament, called a congress for New Zealand, was held In IS&4. For twenty-five years after that old and new settlers kept up life Insurance policies In the home country. In IMJO-b there came a great smash In life insurance companies in Great Britt.in, and many went under and policy holders lost their life savings. It was then In tho year 1870 that the government of New Zealand started the government owned, controlled and guaranteed State Life Insurance Company. All other life insurance companies were permitted by the government to do business, but so many of them were bad that the public could not discriminate and threw its business to the State company until now It carries over flfi,ooo policies, bearing an nnunl premium income of $2,000,000 and with a total sum of Insurance payable at death of $70.000.0n0. And this In a country with only 1,300,000 population! The company has accumulated assets of $30,000,000. Outside of the buildings which it owns and occupies in various part of the the dominion, the money is Invested In mortgages on property and in government bonds and a large sum Is kept as cash on hand. If there had been such an Institution, backed by tho Government, in the United States at the time the president of a big New York life insurance company gave a monkey dinner to a number of men Interested In the company and policyholders whore naked dancing girls performed In the center of tho big round table—l daro say there would have been Quito an exodus to the government owned, controlled and guaranteed life Insurance company. In fact, only a few years ago life insurance companies in the United States became so rotten that a modest young lawyer named Charles Evans Hughes, who afterwards became Goverror of New York and nominee for the presidency of th United States, won the everlasting praise of the public by forcing their prosecution. The life insurance companies of tho United States are today, and have been for many year, a menace t# business through the enormous funds which they control and can use to bolster up some trust combino. The rates are entirely out of proportion to the risks they run and profits they make and the only way they over can bo regulated or controlled will be through the United States furnishing healthy competition. ACCIDENT RATES SET BY SALE. The Government life insurance company here does not regulate the price on

Perfect Mixing Insures Uniformity

ufaSriESl) 'HIHUHBfgr maw by laM&i Yli AJftUMaSAA. wTh# Economy Fatal tor Floor#.

men and boys trying to hook * big one, although most of the cities engage In the fish business with trawlers and soil the catch at ridiculously low prices at public markets.

life policies. That is a matter of competition. But on accident insurance It does establish the rate, charge and conditions under which policies are issued, through a special act of Parliament and all companies doing accident business msut conforn to this universal law and conditions. The life Insurance buslnoss In New Zealand Is very profitable. The average life from birth to death of the white New Zealander la nine years longer than the average life of the white man or woman In the United States. Os course, nobody objects to paying their life Insurance, even if they have to live nine years longer than In the United States to collect. On th# other hand, the government! writes an endowment policy whereby by ! paying so much money at once to the company or so much a year for a speci- | fied time the policy-holder can pull down an annuity of so mnch a year or quarter as long aa he lives. This, J. H. Richard- ! son, the life Insurance company commls-1

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One wouldn’t gueß to look at thorn that thie couple is more than 60 year* old. The woman is one of the famous Maori guides, while the old chap is one of tile village characters at XYhaka. If one saw him dan-<-Lng In the halt*, the war dance, and her putting on one of the motion dances of the women, one would he surprised at their agility nnd sprightllneas. Maoris are not oonsldrred good risks by the Insurance companies, because is a rule, they do not live long. The government life insurance company will graat them policies only on condition that if they live to be M they will settle on the basis of what they leave paid In as premiums.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

(Any reader can get the answer to any question bv writing THE INDIANA DAILY TIMES INFORMATION BUREAU, FREDERIC J. BASKIN, DIRECTOR, WASHINGTON, D. C. This offer applies strictly to Information. The bureau cannot give advice on legal, medical and financial matters. It doe* not attempt to settle domestic troubles, nor to undertake exhaustive research on any subject Write your questions plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and enclose 2 cent* In stamps for return postage. All replies are sent direct to the inquirer.) HISTORY OF COTTON. Q. When and where and by whom was cotton discovered? D. W. A, A. Ths oldest known cotton-producing country is India, where for thirty centuries the plant has been grown and Its fibre manufactured. For 100 years before the Christian era, cotton was well known In what was then the civilized world, the writings of the Greeks and Egyptians plainly Indicating the knowledge of the value of this fibre. Columbus found It In the western world, although not so extensively cultivated as in the East. TRAINING FOR WAR WIDOWS. Q, I am a widow of the World War. Would it be possible for me to receive vocational training from tha Government? J. N. W. A. It Is provided tn a bill passed January SI, 1921, that widows of Americans who were killed in tho war are entitled to such training. OAB USED FOR AIRSHIPS. Q. What kind of gas Is used in airships and how much does.lt take? F. L. B. A. Tho Air Service of th# War Department says that hydrogen or helium gas

in BURDSAL’S Paints

Accurate proportioning and thorough mixing by machinery insures uniform color and body in every brushful of SAL’S Paint. Paint mixed by hand could never be so perfectly balanced so long wearing, so permanent as BURDSAL’S—even though the same pure materials were used. Because of its uniformity, BURDSAL’S Paint flows evenly and easily, which cuts the labor cost to a minimum. And it covers more surface—gives better protection. "Wherever you use paint, BURDSAL’S is better. Sold by all good dealers. Paints for Ewry Purpose

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J. W. McDonald, deputy ot th* Fublic Trustee, who manages tit* Public Trust office. In addition to administering estates and noting aa attorney or agent, the office ha* various other duties a* a dtparisneni of the government service.

sloner advises me, is not very profitable, because the people live too long. Th government company does not cava ftif i much to Insure the Maoris, or native yce, and will not take a risk where they . ave to figure on a Ufa over forty-flvq .fears, while the average life of a white person in New Zealand Is 59 years. I've now told you about three lines ot competitive business In which tho government Is engaged. These government companies hare three advantages from thv start: First, the absolute confidence of the public. Second, no capital was Invested fat the business as the government guarantee was sufficient. ' Third, the men hired by the government to run these corporations ware able and experienced men who know when they left the employ of the regular companies that they could not go back and must make the government companies go. How long will It bo until the politicians In the United States will be free enough from corporation influence to establish healthy State competition and bring tho trusts and combines to time? Echo answers, “When?”

is used In airships. Helium la net ©a the market, but hydrogen gas can b# obtained from a number of manufac* turers in steel cylinders. In practical ballooning, it has been customary to us# a balloon of around 20,000 cubic feet, using hydrogen, in order to carry on© person, ballast, etc. AUTHORSHIP DOURTFUI*. Q. Who wrote ’ Two Noble L. O. 8. A. The authorship of this play lsf doubtful. It was produced in 1625 and published In 1634 m the work of' Fletcher and Shakesp ire. It was probj ably written by Mass uger, and Fletcher with Rowley. ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN SHIP. Q. Which was the first electrically' driven battleship? C. O, ' A. This distinction Is given to tha X7J S. S. New Mexico. OXFORD EXAMINATIONS. Q. When are examinations taken fop aB. A, degree at Oxford? F. M. \ A. At Oxford the examinations tor* B. A. ore three in number. The first, responsions, colloquially known at smalls, is taken at or before matricula- 1 tlon. The second, moderations, known as mods, occurs after one or two years, according to whether the candidate seeks honors In it or not, and two years late* comes the finals or greats. LESSON IN FORESTRY. Q. To settle an argument, do tree#) grow around the outside or Clear! through th# trunk of the tree? D. O, XX A. The Bureau of Forestry saya that* trees grow around the outside. Every year a ring of wood is added on th# tree.