Indiana Palladium, Volume 11, Number 50, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 26 December 1835 — Page 1

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EDITED BY MILTON GREGG.

Jiii ii i-Kii m ' mi VOUi. XII. HO PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY If "MIsE, . 2. C.lilIJEROV. President's Messaere. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS, December, 183.. Concluded ffonx our IasL These impediments to the expedition of much duty in the General Land Office, induce n:c to submit to your judgment, whether some modification of the" laws relating to its organization, or an organization of a new character, be not called for, at the present juncture, to enable the office to nceomplish all the ends of its institution with a greater degree of facility and promptitude than experience has proved to be practicable under existin" regulations. The variety of the concerns, and the magnitude and complexity of the details occupy-in-antf dividing the attention of the Commissioner, appear to render it difficult, if not impracticable, for thrt officer, by any possible assiduity, to bestow on all the multifarious subjects, upon which he is called to act, the ready and careful attention due to their the .Legislature shall ccUthimbv a law providing, or enabling him to nrovide, for a more regular and economical distribu tion of labor, with the incident responsibility, among those employed under his direction. The mere manual operation of affixing his signature to the vast number of documents issuing from his office, subtracts so largely from the time and attention claimed by the weighty and complicated subjects daily accumulating in that branch of the public service, as to indicate the strong necessity of revising the organic law of the establishment. It will be easy for Congress, hereafter, to proportion the expendt ture on account of this branch of the service to its real wants, by abolishing, from time to tirno, the offices which can be dispensed with. The extinction of the Public debt having taken place, there is no longer any use for the offices of Commissioners of Loans and of the Sinking Fund. I recommend, therefore, that they be abolished, and that proper measures be taken for the transfer to the Treasury Department, of any funds, books, and papers, connected with the operations of those offices; and that the proper power, be given to that department for closing finally, any portion of their business which may remain to be settled. It is incumbent on Congtess, in guarding the pecuniary interests of the country, to discontinue, by such a law as was passed in IS 12, tli3 receipt of the bills of the Bank of the United States in payment of the public revenue, and to provide for the designation of an agent, whose duty it shall be to take eharge of the hookg and stocks of the United States in that institution, and to clone all connection with it, after the 3d of March, 1826, when its charter expires. In making provision in regard to the disposition of this stock it will be essential to define, clearly andstrictlv, the duties and powers of the officer charged with that branch of the public service. It will be seen from the correspondence which the Secretary of the Treasury will lay before you, that notwithstanding the large amount of the stock which the United States hold in that institution, no information has yet been communicated which will enable the Government to anticipate when it can receive any dividends, or derive any benefit from it. Connected with the condition of the finances, and the flourishing state of the country in all its branches of industry, it is pleasing to witness the advantages which have been already derived from the recent laws regulating the value of the gold coinage. These advantages will be more apparent in the course of the next year, when the branch mints authorized to be established in North Carolina Georgia, and Louisiana, shall have gone into operation. Aided, as it is hoped they will be, by further reforms in the banking systems of the States, and by judicious regulations'on the part of Congress, in relation to the custody of the public moneys, it may be confidently anticipated that the use of gold and silver, as a circulating medium, will become general in the ordinary transactions connected with the labor of the country. The great desideratum, in modern times, is an efficient check upon the powers of banks preventing that excessive issue of paper whence arise those fluctuations in the standard of value, which render uncertain the rewards of labor. It was supposed by those who established the Bank of the United States, that from the credit given to it by the custody of the public moneys, and other privileges, and the precautions taken to guard ngain6t the evils which the country had suffered in the bankruptcy of many of the State institutions of that period, we should derive from that institution all the security and benefits of a sound currency, iind every good end that was attainable under that provision of the constitution which authorizes Congress alone to coin money and regulate the value thereof. But it is scarcely necessary now to say that these anticipations have not been realized. After the extensive embarrassment and distress recently produced by the Bank of the United States, from which the country is now recovering, aggravated ns they were by pretensions to power which defied the public authority, and which, if acquiesced in by tlie People, would have changed the whole character of our Government every candid and intelligent individual must admit that, for the attainment of the great advantages of a sound currency, wc must look to a course of legislation radically different from that which created such an institution. In considering the means of obtaining so important an end, we must set aside all calculations of temporary convenience, and be influenced by those oniv which are in harmony with the true character and the permanent interests oi the uepuonc. ve must recur to first principles, and see what it is that has prevented the legislation of Congress and the States on the subject of currency, from satisfyin the public expectation, and realizing results corresponding to those which have attended the action of our system when truly consistent with the great principles of equality upon which itreets,and with that spirit of forbearance and mutual concession, and generous patriotism, which was originally, and most ever continue to be, the vital element of our Union. On this subject I am sure that I cannot be mistaken in ascribing our want of success to the undue countenance which has been afforded to the spirit of monopoly. All the serious dangers which our svstem has yet encomuerca, may oe iraceu 10 uic the United States against the Government for the last four years. Happily they have been obviated for the present by the indignant resistance of the people; but we should recollect that the principle whence they sprung is an ever active one, which will not fail to renew its efforts in tbearne and in other forms, so long as there is a hope of success founded either on The inattention of the people, or the treachery of their representatives, to the subtle progress of its influence.

resort to lmplieu powers, anu me use oi corporations , , . t uu ......... ... - clothed witK privilege, the effect of which is to hasten the certainty with which the great body of our advance the interests of the few at the expense of citizens never fail to repel anattempt to procure their the many. Wc have felt but one class of these dan- sanction to any exercise of power inconsistent wuh it, t f the lealous maintenance of their rights Unuersucu

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ILAWREIfcXJIEBUEMSM, (E A.) SATURDAY, DMEC1EM1BHEIR. S6,

The bank is, in fact, but one of the fruits of a system at war with the genius of all our institutions a system founddd upon a political creed, the funda mental principle of which is a distrust ot the popular will as a safe regulator of political power, and whoso great ultimate object, and inevitable result, should it prevail, is the consolidation of all power in our system in one central Government. Lavish public disbursements, and corporations with exclusive privileges would be its substitutes for the original, and, as yet, round checks and balances of the constitutions the means by whose silent and secret operation a control would bo exercised by the few over the political conduct of the many, by first ac quiring tliat control over the labor and earnings of the great body of the people. Wherever this spirit has effected an alliance with political power, tyranny and despotism have been the fruit. If it is ever used for the ends of Government, it has to be incessantly watched, or it corrupts the sources of public virtue, and agitates the country with questions un favorable to the harmonious and steady pursuit of its true interests. We are now to see whether, in the present favorable condition of the country, we cannot take an effectual stand against this spirit of monopoly, and practically prove, in respect to the currency, as wel1 as other important interests, that there is no has been heretofore practised. The experience of another year has confirmed the utter fallacy of the idea that the Bank of the United States was necessary as a fiscal agent of the Government. Without its aid, as such, indeed in despite of all the embarrassment it was in its power to create, the revenue has been paid with punctuality by our citizens; the business of exchange, both foreign and domestic has been conducted with convenience, and the circulating medium has been greatly improed. By the use of the State banks which do not derive their charters from the General Government, and are not controlled by its authority, it is ascertained that the moneys of the United States can be collected and disbursed without loss or inconvenience, and that all the wants of the community, in relation to exchange and currency, are supplied as well as they have ever been ! efore. If, under circumstances the most favorable to the steadiness of the money market, it has been found that the considerations on which the Bank of the United States rested its claims to the public favor, were imaginary and groundless, it cannot be doubted that the experience of the future will be more decisive against them. It has been seen, that, without the agency of a great moneyed monopoly, the revenue can be collected, and conveniently and safely applied to all the purposes of the public expenditures. It is also ascertained, that, instead of being necessarily made to promote the evils of an unchecked paper system, the management of the revenue can be made auxiliary to the reform which the Legislature of several of the States have already commenced in regard to the suppression of small bills, and which has only to be fostered by proper regulations on the part of Congress, to secure a practical return to the extent required for the security of the currency, to the constitutional medium. Severed from the Government as political engines, and not susceptible ot dangerous extension and combination, the State banks will not be tempted, nor will they have the power which we have seen exercised, to divert the public funds from the legitimate purposes of the Government. The collection and custody of the revenue being, on. the contrary, a source of credit to them, will increase the security which the States provide for a faithful execution of their trusts, by multiplying the scrutinies to which their operations and accounts will be subjected. Thus disposed, as well from interest as the obligations of their charters, it cannot be doubted that such conditions as Congress may see fit to adopt, respecting tiie depositcs in these institutions, with a view to the gradual disuse of the small bills, will be cheerfully complied with; and that we shall soon gain, in place of the Bank of the United States, a practical reform, in the whole" paper system of the country. If, by this policy, we can ultimately witness the suppression of all bank bills below twenty dollars, it is apparent that gold and silver will take their place, and become the principal circulating medium in the common business of the farmers and I mechanics of the country. The attainment of such a result will form an era in the history of our country which will be dwelt upon with delight by every friend of its liberty and independence. It will lighten the groat tax w hich our piper system has so long collected from the earnings of labor, and do more to revive and perpetuate those habits of economy and simpiicity which are so congenial to the character of republicans than" all the legislation which has yet been attempted. To this subject I feel that I cannot too earnestly invite the especial attention of Congress, without the exercise of whose authority, the opportunity to accomolish, so much public srood must pass unim proved. Deeply impressed with its vital importance, the Lxecutive has taken all the steps within his con stitutional power, to guard the public revenue, and defeat the expectation which the bank ot the United States indulged, of renewing and perpetuating its monopoly, on the ground of its necessity as a fiscal agent, and as affording a sounder currency than could be obtained without such an institution. In the performance of this duty much responsibility was incurred, which would have been gladly avoid ed, u the stake which the puuhc had in the question could have been preserved. Although clothed with the legal authority, and supported by precedent, I was aware that there was in the act of the removal of the deposites, a liability to excite that sensitiveness to Executive power, which it is the characteristic and the doty of freemen to indulge; but I relied on this feeling, also, directed by patriotism and intelligence, to vindicate the conduct which, in the end, would appear to have been called for by the best interest of my country. The apprehensions natural to this feelings that there may have been a desire, through the instrumentality of that measure, to extend the Executive influence, or that it may have been prompted by motives not sufficiently free from ambition, were not overlooked. Under the operation of our institutions, the public servant who is called on to take a step of high responsibility, should feel in the freedom which gives riee to such apprehensions, his highest security. When unfounded, the attention they arouse, and the discussions they excite, deprive those who indulge convictions and entertaining no doubt that my con stitutional obligationsdemanded thesteps which were taken in reference to the removal of the Deposites, it was impossible for ma to be deterred from the path of duty by a fear that my motives could be misjudged or that political prejudices could defeat the just consideration of the merits of my conduct. The result has shown how safe is this reliance upon the patriotic temper and enlightened discernment of the" People That measure ha9 now been hcfoiu them, and has ftoood the test of hll the severe anlysis which its

$3 PER YEAR, . ..33 PJ2 CENT. DISCOUNT MADE ON ADVANCE, OR lGi ON

general importance, the interests it affected, and the apprehensins it excited, were calculated to produce: and it now remains for Congress to consider" what legislation has become necessary in cousequenct. I need only add to what I have, on former occasions said, on this subject generally, that in the regulations which Congress may prescribe respecting the custody of the public moneys, it i3 desirable that as little discretion as may be deemed consistent with their safe keeping should be given to the executive agents. No one can be more deeply impressed than I am with the soundness of the doctrine which restrains and limits, by specific provisions, Executive discretion, as far as it can be done consistently with the preservation ofitsconsti tutional character. In respect to the control over the public money, this doctrine peculiarly applicable, and is in harmony with the great principle which felt I was sustaining in the controversy with the Bink of the United States; which has resulted in severing, to some extent, a dangerous connection between a moneyed and political power. The duty of the Legislature to define, by clear and positive enactment, the nature and extent of the action which it belongs lo the Executive to superintend, springs out of a policy analagous to that which enjoins upon all the branches of the Federal Government an abstinenco from the exercise of powers not clearly granted. In such a government, possessing only limited and specific powers, the spirit of its general administration cannot be wise or just, when it opposes the reference of nil doubtful points to the great source of authority, of the States and the People; wh se number and diversified relations, securing them nainst the influences and excitements which may mislead thoir agents, make them the safest depository of power. In its application to the Eexcutive, with reference to tha Legislative branch of the Government, the same rule of action should make the President ever anxious to avoid the exercise of any discretionary authority, which can be regulated byfCongres?. The biases which may operate upon him will not he s likely lo extend to the representatives of the People in lh;U body. In my former message, to Congress, I have repeatedly urged the propriety of lessening the discretionary authority lodged in the various departments, but it has produced no effect, r.s yet, except the discontinuance of extra allowances in the Army and Navy, and the substitution of fixed salaries in the latter. It is believed that the same principles could be advantagiously applied, in all cases, and would promote the efficiency and economy of the public service, at the same time that greater satisfaction and more equal justice would be secured to the public officers generally. The accompanying Report of the Secretary of War will put you in possession of the operations of the department confined to his cafe, in all its diversified relations during the past year. I am gratified in being able to inform you that no occurrence has required any movement of the military force, except such as is common to a state of peace. The services of tho army have been limited to thci" usual duties at the various garrisons upon the Atlantic and inland frontier, with the ex cent ions stated bv the Secretarv of War. Our small military establishment appears to be adequate to tho purposes for which it is maintained, and it forms a nucleus around which any additional force may be collected, should the public exigencies un fortunately require any of our military means. The various acts of Congress which have been recenlv nassed in relation to the arm v. navo imj - - proved its condition and have rendered its orgaization more useful and efficient. It is nt all times in a state for prompt and vigorous action, and it contains within itself the power of extension to any useful limit; while, at the same time, it preserves that knowledge, both theoretical practical, which nd oration nnd experience alone can fiive: and which, if not acquired and preserved in time of neace, must be sought under great disadvantage 1 ww in time of war. The duties of the Engineer Corps pres3 heavily upon that branch of the service; and the public in terest requires an addition to its strength. 1 he nature of the works in which the officers are engaged render necessary professional knowledge and experience, and there isnoeconomy in committingtothem more duties than they can perform, or in assigning these to other persons temporarily employed, and too often, of necessity, without all the qualifications which such service demands. I recommend this subject to your attention and also the proposition sub mitted at the last session of Congress and now renewed for a reorganization of the Topographical Corps This reorganization can be effected without any addition to the present expenditure and with much advantage to the public service. The branch of duties which devolves upon these officers is at nil times interesting to the community and the information furnished by'them is useful in peace and inwar. Much Ios3 and inconvenience have been experienced in consequence of tho failure of the hill containing the ordinary appropriations for fortifi cations which passed one branch of the National Legislature at the last session, but was lost in the other. This failure wjs the more regretted not only because it necessarily interrupted and delayed the progress of a system of national defence projected immediately after the last war, and since steadily pursued, but also because it contained a contingent appropriation inserted in accordance with the views of the Executive in aid of this important object, and other branches of the national defence, some portions of which might have been most usefully applied during the past season. I invite your early attention to that part of the report of the Secretary of War which relates to this subject, . .. tv . 1 I I and recommend an appropriauon sumcieniiy iioeral to accelerate the armament of the fortifications, agreeably to the proposition submitted by him, and to place our whole Atlantic seaboard in a complete state of defence. A just regard to the permanent interests of the country evidently requires, this measure, but there are also other reasons which, at the present juncture, give it peculiar force, and make it my duty to call to the subject your special consideration. The present svstem of Military Education has been in operation sufficiently long to test its usefuluess. and it has eriven to the army a valuable body of officers. It is not alone in the improvement, disciplino, and operation of the troops, tint these officers arc employed. They are also extensiply engaged in tho administrative and fiscal j concerns of tlie various mitters confided to tho War f

Department; in the execution of the staff duties, usually appertaining to military organization; in the removal of the Indians' and in the disbursement of the various expenditures growing out of our Indian relations; in the formations of roads, and in the improvement of harbors and rivers; in the construction of fortifications; in the fabrication of much of the materiel required for the public defence; and in the preservation, distribution, and accountability of tho whole; and in other miscellaneous duties, not admitting of classification. These diversified functions embrace very heavy expenditures of public money, and require fidelity, science, and business habits in their execution; and a system which shall secure these qualifications is demanded by the public interest. That this object has been, in a great measure, obtained by the Military Academy, is shown by the state of the service, and by the prompt accountability which has generally followed the necessary advan' ces. Like all other political systems, the present mode of military education, no doubt, has its imperfections, both of principle and practice; but I trust these can be improved by rigid inspections, and by legislative scrutiny, without destroying the institution itself. Occurrences, to which we o? well as all other nations are liable, both in our internal and external relations, point to the necessity of an efficient organization of the Militia. I am again induced, by the importance of the subject, to bring it to your attention. To suppress domestic violence, and to repel foreign invasion, should these calamities overtako us, wo must rely, in the first instance, upon the great body of the community, whose will has instituted, and whose power must support, the Government. A large standing military forco is not consonant to the spirit of our institutions, nor

to the feelings cf our countrymen; and the lessons of former days, and those also of our own times, show the danger, as well as the enormous expense, of these permanent and extensive military organizations. That just medium which avoids an inadequate preparation on one hand, and the danger and expense of a large force on the other, is wli3t our constituents have a right to expect from their Government. This object can be attained only by the maintenance of a email military force, and by such an organization of the physical strength of the country as may bring this power into operation, whenever its services are required. A classification of the population offers the most obvious means of effecting this organization. Such a division may bo made as will be just to all, by transferring each, nt a proper period of life, from one class to another, and by calling first for the services of that class, whether for instruction or action, which, from ge, is qualified for the duty, and may be called to perform it with least injury to themselves, or the public. Shonld the danger ever become so imminent as to require additional forcf, the other classes in succession would be ready for the call. And if, in addition to this organization, voluntary associations were encouraged, and in ducements lnld out for their formation, our militia would be in a state of efficient service. Now, when we are at peace, is the proper time to digest and establish a practicable system. Tho object is certainly worth the experiment, and worth the cxpensp. No one appreciating the blessings of a republican government, can object to his share of the burden which such a plan may impose. Indeed, a moderate portion of the national funds could scarcely be better applied than in carrying info effect and continuing such an arrangement, and in giving the necessary instruction. We are happily at peace with all the wolrd. A sincere desire to continue sof and a fixed determination to give no just cause of offence to other nations, furnish, unfortunately, no certain grounds of expectation that this relation will bo uninterrupted. With this determination to give no offence is associated a resolution, equally decided, tamely to submit to none. The armor and the attitude of defence afford the best security against those collisions which the ambition, or Interest, or some other passion of nations, not justifiable, is liable to produce. In many countries, it is considered un is recollected that tne reopie arc me sovereign power. Our Government was instituted, and is supported, by the ballot-box, not by the musket, Whatever change awaits it, still greater changes must be made in our social institutions, before ... I I 1 ' I f I riiir nn i iin cverpm ran v n i in nnv cai form, i SUOieci, I JMll llillJiesscu viiu mo niiiiuiiam-u uj a 1 - , , r.i prompi ana enic.e.u org.iu. ii yi u, ...... ..B. rrL - 1 r .. : 1. 1 : .. 1 ... 1. 1 1 lie piuu ui removing uio auui iw,u. j. cumc wiiu yet remain within tho settled portions of the United States, to the country west of the Mississippi river, approaches its consummation. It was adopted on uie most mature consiaeraiion oi tne conauion oi thU rarr 'nnd nnoht to be nersistcd in till tho nhipc.t is acoomplished, and prosecuted with as much vigor . , 13 I J as a just regard to their circumstances will permit, and as fast as their consent can be obtained. All preceding experiments for the improvement of the Indians have failed. It seems now to be an estab lished fact, that they cannot live in contact with a civilized community and prosper. Ages of fruitless endeavors have, at lengw, nroogm us to a knowledge of this principle of intercommunication with them. The past we cannot recall, but the future we can provide for. Independently of the treaty stipu at ons nto which we have entered w th ' .,;ko ,k. .,c.,fW,.,a " , , ".:: I J " : ZT: : , J nave ceueu . us, uuuiie w. uuuui t..c ...u.-i uu.y of tho Government of the United btates to protect, and, if possible, to preserve and perpetuate the scattered remnants of this race, which aro left with-J in our ooraers. in uie uiscuarge oi mis amy, an pxtensive region in the West has been assigned for their permanent residence. It has been divided into districts, and alloted among them. Many have nlrady romnvnd. and others aro nrpnarinrr tn m with the exception of two small bands, living in f j w r i e t Ohio and Indiana, not exceeding fifteen hundred persons', and of the Cherokees, all the tribes on the I east side of tho Mississippi, and extending from I Lake Michigan to Florida, havo entered into engagements which will lead to their transplantation, j The nlan for their removal and re-establishment I is founded upon the knowledge wo have gained of thir characior and Inbits, and has been dictated by a spirit of enlarged liberality, A territory exceedin extent that relinquished, hits been granted toj each tribe. Of its climate, fertility, and os pacify

safe to put arms into the hands of the people, and aVau" l,cl,u luur Fucur mouon me proinstruct them in tho elements of military knowl- r-L nf rnnH! ? which attracted the consid- , - , , , J . eration of Congress at its last session, respecting edge. 1 hat fear can have no place here, when it the enlistment of boy. at a suitable age in the scr-

HALF YEARLY PAYMENTS.

US3K5. WO.. 5. to support an Indian population, the representa" lions are h'ghly favorable. To these districts tho the Indians are removed at the expense of tho United States; and. with certain supplies of clothing, arms, ammunition, and other indispensable articles, they are also furnished gratuitously with provisions for "the period of a year after their arrival at their new homes, til that time, from the nature of tho country, and of the products raised by them, they can subsist themselves by agricultural labor, if they choose to resort to that mode of life ; if they are upon the skirts of tho great prairies, where count less herds of buffi lo roamj and a short time suffices to adapt their own habits to the changes which a chango of the animals destined for their food may require. Ample arrangements have also been made for tho support of schools: in some instances council houses and churches are to bo erected, dwellings constructed for the chiefs, and mills for common use. Funds have been set apart for tho maintenance of the poor; the most neccessary mechanical arts have been introduced, and blacksmiths, gunsmiths, wheelrights, &,c. are supported among them. Steel and iron and sometimes salt, are purchased for them and ploughs, and other farming utensils, domestic animals, looms, spinning wheels, cards, &c. are presentod to them. And besides these beneficial arrangments, annuities arc, in all cases, paid, amounting, in some instances, to mora than thirty dollars for each individual of the tribe, and in all cases sufficiently great, ifjU3tly divided and prudently expended, to enable them, in addition to their own exertions, to lire Comfortably. And as a stimulus for exertion, it is now provided by law that "in all cases of the appointment of intrepreters, or other persons employed for the benefit of tbo Indians, a preference shall be given to persons of Indian descent, if such can be found who are proporly qualified for the discharge of the duties.1 Such are the arrangements for the physical com fort and for the moral improrement of the Indians The .necssary measures for their political advancecement and for their separation from oar citizeu have not been neglected. The pledge of the United States has been given by Congress, that the country detsined for the residence of this people, shall be forever secured and guarantied to them.' A country, west of Missouri and Arkansas has been assigned to them into which the white settlements are not to be pushed. No political communities can be formed in that extensive region, except those which ar established by the Indians them selves or by the United State for them and with their concurrence A barrier has thus been raised for their protection against the encroachments of our citizens, and guarding the Indians, as far as possible, from those evils which have brought them to their present Condition. Summary authority has been given, by law, to destroy all, ardent spirits found in their country without waiting the doubtful result and slow process of a legal seizure. J consider the absolute and unconditional interdiction of this article.among these people, as the first and great step in their melioration. Halfway measures will answer no purpose. These cannot successfully contend against the cupidity of the seller and the overpowering appetite of the buyer. And the destructive effects of the traffic are marked in every page of the history of our Indian intercourse After the further details of this arrangement are completed, with a very general supervision over them, they ought to be left to the progress of events. These, I indulge the hope, will secure their prosperity and improvement and a large portion of the moral debt we owe them will then be paid. The Report from the Secretary of the Navy, showing the condition of that branch of the public service, is recommended to your special attention. It appears from it, that our naval force at present in commission, with all the activity which can be given to it, is inadequate to the protection of our rapidly increasing commerce. This consideration, and the more general ono which regards this of the national defence as our best security against foreign aggressions, 6trongly urge the continuance of the measures which promote its gradual enlargement, and a speedy increase of the force which has been heretofore employed abroad and at home. You will perceive, from the estimates which appear in the report of the Secretary of the Navy, that tho expenditures necessary to this increase of its force, though of considerable amount, are small compared with tho beneSts which they will secure to the country. As a means of strengthening this national arm, 1 Vip. In this mnnr a nnrsprv ofRlf iJfiil nn,l hibodied seamen can be established, which will be of the greatest importance. Next- to the capacity to put afloat and arm the requisite number of ships, is the possession oi tne means to man them emciently: nnrl rttIf cno m a lioftetf. .oT.nl,rwl mA llil. nk . ..v..... -....j v,uli,uiuu w ,.1110 w ject than the measure proposed. As an auxiliary to the advantages derived from our extensive eommer1 : , , r . , ... ciiii iiiariut;, iiwouiu luruisu us wim a rcsuurce am , enough for all the exigencies which can be an- " t c Dated- Cons der nrr the state of our resources. jt cannot be doubted that whatever provision the liberality and wisdom of Congress may now adopt. with a view to the perfect organization of this branch o. our service, win meet n.u appruuauuu u. an tiaooco of our citizens. By the Report of the Postmaster General, it appears that the revenue of that department during tha year ending on the 30th day of June last, exceeded its accruing responsibilities $236,206; and that the surplus of the present fiscal year is estimated at $476,237. It further appears that the debt of the department, on the 1st day of July last including tho amount due to contractors for the quarter then just expirea, was aoout $i,ub4,8i, exceeding the avail abJc means about $23,700: and that, on the 1st in Btant about 07,U77 of this debt had been paid, ffJS'jSi out PostaTe accruing before July, and ' v"fc rrr . , , fLj Pents are included $67,000 of the old debt duo to Dars. After making these payments, the depart mcnt had $73 nQO in bank on the first instant The pleasinrr assurance is rrivn w th .fonnrtment ia entirely free from embarrassment, and that, by collection of outstanding balances, arid using tho -ei surplus, me remaining pornw w. wc uaun. debt, and most of the other debt, w ill probably bo PaJ in April next, leaving thereafter a heavy amount to be aPP!i in extending the mail facilities of the nnro..n. f". Ze-tinrr nt ft i I mil f fa it im mtnt tA !, iaer. iB - -- -w. . Mho ,mnt w;m be able to sustain with rfert convenience an annual charge of $300,000 for the sjinnort of new routes, to commence as soon as they can be established and put in operation. The measures adopted by the Postmaster Gencral to bring the means of the department into action. and to effect a speedy extinguishment of its debt. as well as to produce an efficient administration of its affairs, will be found detailed at length in his jsMc and luminous report. Aided Ly a reorganizition on the pri provisions i:i t ncinles sui"Tstcu. ana ?ucn saiuisrv tha laws rejiuUting &vililUl'3tTatlvO

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