Indiana Palladium, Volume 11, Number 37, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 26 September 1835 — Page 1

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By V. HI. Cole fc E. Curtis.

VOL. SC. rrnm he Trivate Correspondence of the Nat. InteUisencer. MICIIIIXIMACLVAC, Aug. 12, 1835. Captain Back passed the Sail It St. Mario some ' days ago on Jiis return from iiis arduous undertaking, and full of health and spirits: He is hurrying home with his portfolio full of fine drawings, and some of which he showed at tho Sault, and has acquired a vast fund of jnformation concerning the ccoranhir'and natural history of the "5 f3 - . . r I'll 11 1 Arctic regions nil ot which no nas nau , for nuhhcation since he has received . !. U1 n- r- i ro.fninPncc'c intelligence of his friend Captain lvo s safe arrival in England. A more gen erous act of devotion than he has given to that friend is not to he found in

human rceorus n MM " -- " Jnation j requisition, from the very conin! v nenetrated to within GO miles olj ... r i . ' i ! c nam j)ciiLir,utu iu idition. of its existence can reward the i ja

human records. It appears that he li-

the monument crccic.n.j l:"V TJisunassinff few without exciting the

but was prevented rcacning n uv mu fields of ice resembling a raging ocean ... suddcnlv frozen, lie ten. in wuu u band of Eskimaux who had no Lnmvlnlcrn of white IIlCIl, and OI1C ofllis expuisitc drawings represents Captain Hack. advanctniT unarmed upon this m. -v ' - - - band, whilst the Chief of the band who! had raised Ins spear to striKe mm 10 the ground, struck with the touching appeal of man to man, drops it to the ground, and, with hand, welcomes him. So that it-appears there is in the breast of the rudest savage, a sympathetic chord, which vibrates when a master like Back touches it. A mere physical man would have gone to this in terview armed ; would have quarrelled ! and perhaps lost his life and those of his party. Capt. liack s. oook win uc a most interesting one, and I dare say, far superior in descriptive interest to the work of his friend Ross. He found among his letters at the Sault, one from Sir John Franklin, who tells him, if he uses diligence, he will get to London before Ross' work is out. So great is the general admiration of back, that he was received w ith a salute at the Sault, the first Post lie has seen for a long and severe period, and he expresssed his very great gratification at it. It is as cold here as at the end of October, and fires are quite as necessary. It was at a talk of Ojibwas yesterday, when the Chief said "he hoped the agent would give them clothes and food.lbr the winter was coming on." The wild goosberries arc not ripe, and cherries arc yet sour. The country is universally healthy. Mississippi Fashions. A letter from Vicksburgh, published in the NewOrleans Commercial Advertiser, describes the following scene: "A Mr. Sharkey, cousin of the chief i- 1 K.-J.l,. rnennn. justice oi our c?iiut .uiu niuij i' table, incurred the displeasure of Ma dison county, because, as a magistrate, he had caused the discharge of some suspected men, in the custody of a guard from Madison. The next night the same guard being reinforced, came down to take Sharkey. He prepared himself for them ; and fought so well as to kill one, and wound another, and kill and wound two horses of the assailing party. He escaped that night, and next morning gave himself up to n party of friends, who carried him to Clinton. I was in the room where he fought from, the casement of the window, the bedclothes, the pillows, chairs, and wall of the room were littcrallv riddled. A charge of buckshot rent the pillow upon which the head of the child was placed. His wife, before the attack commenced, ran into another room, leaving the child asleep in the arms of her husband. He fought like a hero, until he discharged all his weapons, and had his right hand cut off by a shot, lie wouiu nre, ana men throw clothes and pillows over his babe. When the assailants retreated, he then iled himself. The Madison county folks now say they will have him; and the people of Hinds arc resolved to defend him. Should an attack be made, a civil war must ensue. When I left Hinds, the citizens were arming and rallying in his defence." MARTI X VAX IlURi:X. To form a just estimate of the talents of a man, the time and circumstance ofliis entrance upon the stage, must be taken into account. A period like the American revolution, furnishes a full demand for everv variety of talent, and

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ensures the worth of fame often more than commends him with the service rendered. Many of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence were men of talents, perhaps superior to some of our statesman, on whom the charge of the public interest at present devolves, yet the names of the former will go down to distant times with a distinction to which our present actors in the most quiet state of things, can , never nope 10 ruucn. jlius u& j i ri should he. Tlie patriots of those day . . r . . never none to reacn. a ins is as n more honorable for themselves and gloriously for their country performed, and that too in the best manner. crisis that puts all the talent in the en- - ; - VJ 1 lllJ lltllll 1 ym BurQn cQm menced his career at the bar, had, to n vnnnrr tnnn ita flill clmrn nf difllP.llIties. The political arena, particularly inhisnativestafe. presented nocommon obstacle to ayoung aspirant. About the time of his commencing life, the republican party in the State had acquired a decided and secure ascendancy: politicians of high distinction for talent, aided by powerful family influence, fought successfully and stood before him. He had nothing to bring him before the public but his -legal profession, and to secure success in that, but his powers of mind. It will be admitted, howev(hc of mi tcd subjects, in his period, opened wider ranges for the success of le?ral genius, than most of in n ' . the Union. A few years anterior to ; this period, the law for permitting the entail of landed estates, to the eldest son, had been repealed and the statues respecting the titles to lands held by parents from the crown, by heirs in common, were so modified as to render it expedient for all parties interested to have tlicir titles adjusted within a limited time. The adjustment of these complicated disputes furnished a wide field for the more able and distinguished members of the bar. Mr. Van Buren found the most profitable field for the exercise of talent and reputation, occupied by able agents when he became a member of tlie corps, yet the field, from the very condition of its capaciousness, presented room for another. That room he occupied and improved to the advancement of his own reputation not more than to the reputation of the bar to which he was a member. He became within a very few years one of the most able land lawyers in the state and this, under circumstances which would have disheartened ordinary minds. Dis cussions of this kind, as is well known to professional men, even involve a systcmatic mental exertion, which taxes the power of the civilion to the last effort. His constitution was naturally fcchlc nothing but the most CXact ha- i bit of temperance, or selHordering, and judicious change of business for rccrca- ( tion, cnamcu mm 10 sustain me ruim he has assumed, and which he had taken for no humbler object than to ho one of the brightest ornaments of his profession. JJoslon Statesman From the Cenessce Farmer. Culture of wheat. As this is considered the most important crop to which the farmer can direct his attention, it is at the same time one of the most difficult to cultivate with uniform success. Different, even opposite must be the pi ins pursued under diffemnt circumstances, to obtain the same -i :-i.t .,..! n rrnnd rrnn difference of sou Oiuerenci; u v-iuu.n - sowing and difference in the variety of seed, all r,'i1o mnmro material variations in the mode fv r ,i;ftronrr in the time ot nf culture, renders luusmc s o. rU one ot the most complex ui an two In offering a few remarks upon the cultivation oV tins very imporiani , - point out tint course which pract.ee has shown to be most uniformly attenuu . 1. -, a 1 " A A I . a. d r T indulge the hope, that by ptacmg, ai .. time, these (acts and institutions concisely before the farmer, ho may not only lie enabled the more effectually to put his previous knowledge into operation, but also derive new and useful hints Irom the experience of others. , . Soil and preparation. In preparing the soil for many other crops, it is rare that much caution or skill is necessary; for instance, ton requires high manuring and a rich soil, and it is scarcely possible to carry this to execs?. But with wheal the case is otherwise ; land naturally very nch, or hhly manured, is apt to cause during the hot seasoTi of summer, a too rapid growth of straw, at the cxponse or th seed, and rust, lodging, nnd ultimate failure is frequently the consequence. is . . j . r... .imrun If strong un evil is ncrna?cu iu .i ui -i,,v Rented measure is employed, xvhich a nro lnmriant nrowtli of stalks. Unlermcn- ' " W

S3 PER YEAR JXHPER CENT. DISCOUNT MADE ON ADVANCE, OR 101 ON

ted or fresh manure should therefore never be ap plied to land intended immediately for wheat. But as a material loss would result from allowing manure to ferment in the open air, and thus waste a large part of its strength, it is always best, where practicable, to apply fresh manure to other crop3 which are to precede wheat. In this way the manure becomes well rotted and thoroughly incorporated with the soil by the lime that wheat is sown upon it. Land mayj be highly manured by this course, without any bad effects; indeed, some of the best crops, are obtained from ground enriched in this manner: instances of which mav.be often y - - - j - seen in places where large quantities of manure have been accidentilly deposited in previous years, as by old stocks of hay, demolished buildings, foe., where grain is often three times more productive than on adjoining ground in the same field. Deep ivloughixo.' When the above course of manuring is pursnedt land is rarely made too rich for wheat, provided it is accompanied with deep ploughing This is indeed highly important, especiaiiv in Heavy terme sous, meuny an oi wm mia arge crops on such soils have made u?e ot deep ploughing in previous years. 1 liere are however some very shallow soils, where the subsoil will not admit of this practice; such of course must form exceptions; but these form but a small part of the land in this country. Summer fallows and rotation or citors. It is a point which appears to" be generally conceded, that rcH is of no use to land and can never imnrovo its oualilv while nothing grows upon it. Ground which is not employed in producing food for animals, should be occupied in preparing food for plants; or in oihc-r words, instead of lying naked, it should be producing some suitable crop to serve as a coat of manure to enrich itself. The practice of summer fallowing therefore can only be of use in destroying weeds with which land may have become infested, and in pulverizing and mixing soils of a heavy adhesive nature. In other cases the practice should never be resorted to. For although it generally is followed by good crops, yet these are produced at such expense, as to render it in the end much more unprofitable than a judicious rotation. For in addition to several expensive ploughing?, the use of the land for nearly two years is appropriated to a single crop. But one of the worst practices in husbandry, is that of raising successive crops of wheat on some field. In this way land always must deteriorate, at the same time it becomes loul with chess and otnerweecls. In many parts of this stale where this course has been practised, fields have been seen the present seasons with little else than chess growing upon thorn. It is true there are some firmer who have succeded in raising a succession of good crops on one piece of ground, but such instances are comparatively very rare; and even where they exist, the practice should not be continued. 1'or it has been proved by repealed experiments, that where the same crop is taken year after year from a piece of land, it becomes, sooner or later, exhausted of its specific food for that crop In some instances this speedily takes place, in others it requires a long series of years, but in all cases it is the inevitable consequence. Instances ofsoils thus ...i-n -mi nrr nnt wanting in the older settled parts of this country, which were once remarkable for lheirferiilitv,but which now afford crops scarcely worth raising. And it may be regarded as a universal rule, tint lands once capable of producing good crops, and afterwards losing this quality, arebrought to that srate by improper cultivation by a too frequent succession of exhausting crops, instead of a constant change from one crop to another, from crops of as different nature from each other as possible, and changes from tillage to seeding with grass, and from grass again to tillage. Peas, beans, and clover, are among the best crops toprpcede wheat, as they are very different in their nature from it, and consequently afford a greater charge in the succession. Clover in particular, possesses several advantages; its roots loosen the sjil, it furnishes excellent manure when ploughed under, and unlike the natural grasses, dose not form so tough a sod as to require sommer fallowing in order to break and pulverize it. I3r.sr sorts of seed. In favorable seasons' and on good ground, the red chaff bald wheal is generally to be preferred as allowing mc urges. Jnd best product, but as the white flint is a hardier pbnt and more capable w. g a unjftm; crop. it is more especially to b be preferred on wet soils, or where wheat is name 10 r ., ..fT.,1. rV-m iinlxvombe winter killed, or otnerwisu ou.. Un r .us. On soils of unequal nature, or where ! the uncertainty of the coming season renders it imnoosible to know what variciy may u uua -uaw, it has sometimes been found useful to rn.x seed or opposite properties, such as flint and red chaff, co that where one docs not succed, the other may take its place. The crate wheat, and some others of the bearded varieties, produce good crops, but are not perhips equal in all respects to those above mentioned. Ills not only important lo obtain the best vaneties, butaho to use the finest and the largest seed tvhtrhcan be oroduced of such varieties. Chvxge of seed. There is nho a grsat advnnt.p in n change of seed from different climates, . r ,..;i otari r.nnrsito-nature. II UIU l Hill' J - - r- .' . I ...I.i.t ly gowJ. anu 1 prtmn varieties, i cultivated for a long succession ot years on uie .1. Same SJIOI, gnuuan; v.......-,-..- ... ..-!:,. nrJincr to the nature of the climate and i..n ni.onfm in thnir nature ano il. If this change is such as in any particular o icn 5f v1up. seed should be changed by sub stunting that which grew where such change is not hi.P.l An instance may serve to illustrate Ii k t mnimininous countries, ' says r r r uln Scotland for example, thejr brin? the seed from the low country and from the plains, where the climate is more mik , ana to L .t 1 .nnr forward. a quality which 1 qufiiiiY uiu acvu '"- - . - , fur many generations. c convinced llu. .ho cuUWMor of tl... ?"n en would reap later .nd lator harvesls. so . lt I .It'll?, uum vu - - . . ,st nerhaps they would not come to porfeel malu'f" -?!"i,? rilv explained by the short r: rlrrtimnnrc easily explained ly rin'.ntinn r,ril, mimmcrs in tho mountains If, on er had, Uo cultivator ofa 'H. country, the climite ..fwlucl. is mild, and tho sod dry and l.j, , continually .nodo of his own ' "0 the l "Vi.l-li Jnd onln smaller and small head every year sooner, tllO siaiKa wuuiu - .....,

er, and in time there would result but a poor produce. In this last case, the cullivator brings his seed with advantage from a country more cold, the soil of which is good and substantial." TlIE QUANTITY' OF SEED PER ACRE. Should be from five pecks lo iwo bushels. It should vary with the time of sowing, and with the size of the . -i i : i

grain, iiate requires more man cany sowing ; uuu large and full seed should be in greater quantity than that which is small, in order to compensate for the less number contained in a bushel. To prevent winter killing. Winter killing is caused bv the heavinir of the soil by frost, gen erally during the severe nights in the latter part of winter, aftei the covering of snow has melted from the giound. This breaks the roots, and the plant, as soon as the dry weather of spring comes on, wither and die from the want of nourishment and moisture. The freezing of the large quantity of water with which the ground is saturated early in spring, proves particularly destructive to wheat. Hence the great importance of thorough draining; both by surface channels and by covered ditches. Supeificinl furrows should not only be cut through the field wherever they may be needed, to carry off whit may fall upon it ; but also at its upper sides, to prevent the water from contiguous fields from flowing upon it. Covered drains should be from two to three feet deep, and three or four rods apart, where the object is to drain off the water which rests in the soil on low wet land. Where underground streams are to be cut off, the depth, course, distance and asunder, must be suited to circumstances, which nothing but an examination on the spot can ilnipm.ini' The nreat profit of draininc has been proved by some farmers in the western part of this state, who have by a thorough course rendered low, heavy, and rich land, which formely was wholly unfit for wheat, on account of its wetness, now capableof yielding from thirty to forty bushels to the? acre; and in some cases almost repaying in a single vcar, the whole rxpense of the work. Manuring, otten on certain sons prevents wucai being winter killed. Thus poor and heavy land, where crops are liable fo this injury, may be greatly improved in this respect by manure; as is proved i... tun r,r. nfipn witnessed, that such parts of fields as have been well manured produce abundantly', while other parts unmanurcd are left bare by the action of winter frosts. Another mode of preventing winter killing is to cover the surface of the ground with a coating of straw. When this is employed, it should be spread upon the surface after sowing and just before the wheat comes up; or else in the winter, (or when the danger is to be apprehended,) and removed again wilh a horse rake as early in the spring as the weather will admit. ' Sowing early in autumn hnsalso a tendency to prevent winter killing, by affording the roots time to attain strength sufficient to resist the action of the frost. But as wheat sown early is more liable to attacks of the Hessian fly, farmers must exercise their discretion as to the time of sowing. As a i 1 - .!,- nfmnl rn 1 lrvoa !e tit tin fl n. m-ehended from winter killing, wheat should be sown earlyjbut where the Hessian fly isconsidered the most formidable evil, sowing a few weeks later is recommended as best. Importance or furtiier experiments. Notwithstanding the great improvements in agriculture, the art ofcultivating this important crop may yet be considered in its inf mcy. The average product of wheal throughout all parts of the world, has been estimated not to exceed six bushels reaped for one own. Dut that this amount might be greatly increased none can doubt. The enormous crops which arc sometimes raised in this country teach ns what may be done under favorable circumstances. Take for instance the account of the crop raised in 1810 in Springfield, Mass. onoir acres of land, the product of which was two hundred bushels, or fifty bushels to the acre; also that raised in 1633 by Jirah Biackmer of Wheatland, Monroe rounty, who obtained the premium of the agricultural society, for a crop of sixty-eight bushels and forty-three pounds on a single acre. Now the great point to be determined is to know what are the essential requisites of a good crop; and to be able to distinguish these from accidental circomstences not connected with success. It is therefore important that numerous experiments should be made; and above all, that every one who is successful in raising great crops of this grain, should publish a particular account of his method, describing as accurately as possible the nature of the soil, the quantity and kind of seed, the condition and preparation of the i,n mnde and kind of manuring, and in short rrpnorai Till, w licit; un; ihih.ii" i" iuiiv, - r..i. a minute description ot the wnoie course 01 cunuic. DEATH .THRILLING EXTRACT. "I have seen one die; she was beauifi,i. nnrl bpnntifiil were the ministries 01 me umi wereSziven her to fulfil. Angelic loveliness enrot.r.nn,1 frmr.o as if it were caught from heaven, breathed in every tone, iinimu - lection, shone in every action, invu, lo,her whole existence, and made it a light and blessing, a charm and a vilion of around her; but she died! rr.e.iu.,.,. and parental fondness; but they could not save hor.and she died! What! did all that lovehnew ie? Isthereno land of blessed and lovely ones, for such to live in? Forbid it reason rehgion -- bereaved affection and undying love e thought! It cannot be that such die mG-co" scl who live, even in frail numan ever! ..r t nA. (I n . i n the maturity of every ' .l,n nnrtlir nerfection of every faculty Ity; l'u"-' ' .V ' 1 -,1 nrnrrnmc. and when many temptations nau u-v... " - cxner mentshad maue vinue vu, t, cimy o action, and a success to endeavor wnen wisdom has been learnt from mnj n... ttkof. and a skill Ind been hborious y acqu.ro I .tho , ieir many powers; and the being compassed ihat most useful. ;andU;e being loWd upon had .jst passed that most useful, most practical of Ml C bow to live, and to act well ami yj and I have seen such a one d.ol wa n t u. . ' brlost? Was this instru-ment,-the intelligent soul, the noblest ,n the , un.. vere, was it so laboriousy fashioned, and by the most varied and expensive apparatus, that, on the very moment of being finished, it should bo cost away forever! No, the dead, as wo call them, do not so die. They carry our thoughts to another vand a nobler existence. They teach us, c9' pccially by all tho strange and seemingly nio

HALF YEARLY PAYMENTS.

NO, 87. ward circumstances of their departure from this life, that they, and we, shall live forever! 4L A, "I have wandered among the tombs of such a icople; I have wandered through the far-famed cemetry, that overlooks, from its mournful brow, the gay and crowded metropolis of France; but amonsr the many inscriptions upon those tombs. I read scarcely one, I read, to state so striking a fact with numerical exactness, I read not more than four or five inscriptions in the whole Pere La Chaise, which made any consoling referenc to a future life. I read on these cold marble tombs tho lamentations of bereavement, in every affecting variety of phrase. On the tomb of youth, it was written, that 'its broken-hearted parents, who spent their days in tears and their nights in anguish, had hid here their treasure and their hope.' On tho proud mosoleum where friendship, companionship, love, had deposited their holy relics, it was constantly written, Her husband is inconsable;' 'His disconsolate wife;' 'A brother left alone unhappy, has raised thismonnment;' but seldom, scarcely ever, did the mounful record close with a word of hope, scarceiy at all was it to be read amidst tho marble silence of that world of the dead, that thero isalife beyond;and that surviving-friends hope for a blessed meeting again, where death comes no more ! "Oh! death! Iark hour to hopeless unbelief! hour to which, in that creed of despair, no hour shall sncceed ! bcings last hour! death! what art thou to the Christian's assurance? Great hour of answer to life's prayer; great that shall break asunder the bond of life's mystery; hour of relapse from life's burden; hour of re-union with tho loved and lost; what mighty hopes hasten to their fulfilment in thee! What longings, what aspirations, breathed in the still, still night, beneath tho silent stars, what dread emotions of curiosity, what deep meditations of joy, what hallowed magings of never-experienced purity and bliss, what possibilities shadowing forth unspeakablo realities to the soul, all verge to their consuraation in thee! Oh! death! the Christian's death! what art thou but the gate of life, the portal of heaven, the threshold of eternity! Dewey's Sermons. Calculation. This is certainly a calculating age. Mothers calculate, misses calculate, maid calculate and we calculate; and what is the most disageeable part of the business is, that wo are all very apt to be mistakened nineteen times out oft wen ty. But the most inveterate calculators in tho world , are our yankee editors. They are real Zeal Colburns, the whole of them. Some years ago, one of them told us how much money a president of the United States received per hour, for sitting crosslegged in the white house, and looking wiso through a pair of silver-mounted spectacle?. Another gave U3 the income of a certain king per miunte. And a third enlightend us with respect to the receipts, per second, of a celebrated baron. More recently, we have been told to a fraction hovr much the wealth of Louis Philippe would weigh, if it were all converted into pure gold. But tho most ingenius, and certainly most important, of all these calculations, is the following,1 which we bavo just come across in a country paper. If the calculator is a yankee, be deserves the title of Princo of Notion-markers. If he is a backwoodsman, ho should be immediately appointed commander-m-chief ofihe forces now collecting to march against tho unfortunate Michiganmns. But here i? the morceau: "An English penny, placed out atcompound interest, at the rate of 5 per cent, at tho birth of Christ, would, in the year 1780, have produced the enormous sum ot .yyiyr 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 sterhng, which would make about 1100 millions of globes the a.za of our earth in solid gold. At ' would have proauccu umjr The following, from the Selma Free press, , .11.- rir,fti Klntr's numeious friends will with since e VonSSery Ala.) -We arl pained to learn that Colonel William R. King, our Senator in Congress, lies dangerously ill with the fever, at his residence in this vicinity. Indiana Inicranl Improvamcnt. If the rail road company which have already been incorporated by acts ol the legislature ever carry their contemplated improvements into effect, tlio state of Indiana will certainly be much indebted to their skill and enterprise. Companies have been incorporated to make rail roads to and from tho follow ing places. From Lawrcncoburgh to IndianaPFrom Madison to Indianapolis and Lafayette T r From the Falls of Ohio to LafayCttFrom Layfayctte to Trail creek in Laporto county. From Harrison to Indianapolis. From New Albany to Indianapolis, and thence to the Wabash river. From Richmond to Eaton. From Jefiersonvillo to Indianapo lis. From Evansville to Lafayette. From Michigan city to tho Aational road in Vigo county. 1Ksrinr:ifr A rail roal o run thro n east corner of tho state, of Chicago. From Charleston xo v CnlSnapolis .oMong From the Michigan road at lu in Clinton county, to Mich ggfca From Michigan city to tho ivanu kco.