Indiana Palladium, Volume 9, Number 35, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 14 September 1833 — Page 1

- David V. Ciillcy. Terms $3 PER YEAR 331 PER CEXT. D1SCOVXT JSIADE OX AVVAXCE, OR IC.i OX HALF YEARLY PAYMENT. V4ML. IX. ILAWMEjM;EIBHJE&KM, (HA.) SATTUJKBAY, SEPTEMBER 14, U33. MO. 35.

PRINTING AND STEREOTYPING. The art of printing is one of the most extraordinary results of human ingenuity, and is certainly the very noblest of all the known handicrafts. Yet, important as it is acknowledged to be, three centuries elapsed from the date of the invention before it was perfected in many of its most necessary details. At first, the art was entirely in the hands of learned men, the greatest scholars often glorying in affixing their names to the works as correctors of the press, and giving names to the various parts of the mechanism of the printing office, as is testified by the classical technicalities still in use among the workmen. It was formerly mentioned that Guttenburgh the inventor, did not go the length of casting types from moulds: that great improvement is said to iiave been effected by Peter Shceffer, the companion of Faust; and from that event till the invention of italic letters by Aldus Manutius, to whom learning -is much indebted, no other improvement took place. It does not appear that mechanical ingenuity was -at any time directed to the improvement of the presses, or any other parts of the machinery used in printing, and the consequence was that till far on in the eighteenth century, the clumsy instruments of Guttenburgh, Faust, and Caxton, continued in universal use. The presses were composed of wood and iron, and were slow and heavy in working, while the ink continued to be applied by two stuffed balls or cushions, at a great expense of time and trouble. At length, an almost entire revolution was effected in the printing office, both in the appearance of the typography and the working of the presses. About the same period, the art of stereotyping was discovered, and developed a completely new feature in the invention of printing. One of the chief improvements in the typography was the discarding of the long s, and every description of contractions, nnd, at the same time, the cutting of the letters was done with greater neatness and regularity. Among the first improvers of the printing press, the most honorable place may be given to the Earl of Stan

hope, a nobleman remembered for his mechanical genius, who applied certain lever powers to the screw and handle of the old press, thereby diminishing the labor of the operative, and producing finer work. Since the beginning of the present century, and more especially within the last twenty years, presses wholly composed of iron, on the nicest scientific principles, have been invented by different men, of mechanical genius, in Great Britain and America, so as to simplify the process of printing in an extraordinary degree; and the invention of presses composed of cylinders, and wrought by steam power, has triumphantly crowned the improvements in the art. The introduction of steam presses has been furthered by another invention of an accessory nature, now of great value to the printer. Allusion is here made to the invention of the roller, for applying the ink, instead of the old unwieldy and insufficient balls. The roller, which is a composition of a glutinous nature, cast upon a wooden centre piece, was invented by a journeyman printer in Edinburgh, and was so much appreciated, as at once to spread over the whole of Britain and the United . States. It is our cliief object, in this sketch, to give a brief explanation of the process of stereotyping a process without the aid of which the present, as well as many other works, could not be so extensively nor so cheaply circulated through the country. Stereotyping seems to have been invented simultaneously by different persons in various parts of England and Scotland during the last century. When properly made known, it was hailed with acclamation by the printing and publishing world, but, as experience developed its powers, it was found to be strictly applicable only to a particular kind of work. In putting up types, they are lifted one by one, and built into a little case held in the hand of the compositor, who, by the accumulation of handfuls, makes ip a page, and lays it, with the face uppermost, on a table. After being wedged at the foot and side into an iron frame, and corrected, the page is carried to the press for working, and when the whole impression is off, it is brought back to the table, and the types distributed into their places. When the page has to be stereotyped, the same process of putting up is gone through, but, instead of being carried to the press, the page is plastered over with liquid stucco to the thickness of about half an inch, so that a level cake is formed on the surface of the types. As soon as the stucco hardens, which it does almost immediately, the cake is separated from the types, and on "being turned up, shows a complete hollow or mouldlike representation of the faces of the types and every thing else, in the page. There being no longer any use for the types, they are carried off and distributed. As for the cake, it is put into an oven and baked to a certain degree of heat and hardness, like a piece of pottery. It is next laid in a square iron pan, having a lid of the same metal, with holes at the corners. The pan is now immersed in a pot of molten lead, and being allowed to fill by means of the holes, it is at length taken out and put aside till it cools. On opening the pan, a curious appearance is presented. The lead has run into the mould nide of the cake, and formed a thin plate all over, exhibiting the perfect appearance of the faces of the types on which the stucco was plastered. Thus is procured a fictitious page of types, not thicker than the sixth of an inch, and which can be printed from in the same manner as in the case of a real page. Such is the process of stereotyping, or making Jixed or stationary types; and now for the utility 01 the invention. In all cases of common book work it is best to print from types to the amount of the copies required, and then distribute the types; but in most cases of books published in parts, sheets, or numbers, stereotyping becomes absolutely necessary. It is easy to perceive the reason for this. When books are published in numbers, it often happens that many more copies are sold of one number than of another, and unless the types be kept up to complete sets in the hands of the publisher, or to print copies according to the increased demand, a serious loss is sustained. The manufacture of stereotype plates is, therefore, simply a means of keeping up fictitious types to answer future demands, at an expense infinitely inferior to that of keeping the actual pages standing. Peoples Magazine. Valuable Machine. A "curious cretur" some whereTlown East, has invented a machine for making orations on any given subject. It is only to throw in letters of the alphabet and they will come out a speech. He "calculates" on vending a good number at Washington next winter, and is now hard at work at a mill for grinding quartz pebbles into mill stones. Courier 6$ Enquirer.

SWINE. This is an animal so useful to the farmer in the supply of food, that we must give it a passing notice. The hog is found in all the temperate climates, but was not known in America until introduced by the Spaniards, since which they have spread through out almost every part of it. There are now so many varieties of breed, that it is unnecessary to dwell on any of them, as almost every town has its peculiar kind. It is however, extremely important to the interest of the farmer that he has a profitable breed, as there is a marked difference in this animal as to its capacity to fatten. They ought to have depth of carcase, lateral extension, breadth of loin and breast, proportioned length, moderate shortness of the legs, and large gammons, with good fore legs. These are essentials; they are qualities which will produce a favorable balance in the amount of keep, and a mass of weight which will pull down the scale. Whatever kind or breed of swine is preferred in the ra:sing of stock, the most perfect animals, both male and female, ought always to be selected, to make the raising or breeding of them profitable to the farmer. The time is now approaching when we ought to look at our stock of hogs, and thousand varieties of garbage, the surplus of the kitchen, cellars, and barn, ought to be carefully fed to them, which, with the sour milk that a farm has to spare, will soon put them in a thriving condition. A small pasture lot, particularly an orchard, where they can have the benefit of the young apples that fall, and

of which they are very fond, will add much to their appearance and growth, so that with the dropping of the grain in the wheat fields, which they will carefully pick up, and the early pumpkins as they begin to ripen, will almost bring them into a state fit for the butcher. Hogs ted, or rather treated, in this way, will require very little corn or peas to make them marketable, and will make ample returns for the little labor or expense bestowed in fattening them. This pork will not cost over $2 00 per cwt. and it is the only way in which it can be made profitable. To fat hogs on corn in this day of improvement, without this previous preparation, is very bad policy, and ruinous to the farmer, because the grain required in the fattening of them is of more value in market than the animal so fattened. It is therefore important to the farmer, that he , should now look to his hogs, and by taking time by j the forelock, when fall comes, they, without much J extra expense will be at any time ready for the mar- j ket. A breed has lately been introduced on Long Island, which at fifteen and eighteen months of age, with ordinary keeping, will weigh between 4 and 600. This kind has a remarkable propensity to fatten. Columbia Sent. Planting Fruit Seeds. Mr. Fressenden: In answer to the inquires of your correspondent M. as to the best mode of planting frut seeds and stones, I would observe that I have found the present month, (November,) the most suitable for that purpose. I put Peach, Apricot, Plum, and Cherry stones, and Pear and Q.uince seeds into the ground two or three inches below the surface, cover them with earth, and then lay over them a course of well rotted manure. I have always succeeded in producing an abundant crop, except in one instance of planting Peach stones and another of Pear seeds, the nonsuccess of the former, I imputed to the dryness of the soil, and that of the latter to the destruction of the seed in the pomace, it having remained in barrels several days, and probably underwent fermentation. I should advise the planting of fruit stones and seeds in a moist but not a wet soil. JV. Y. Farmer. From the Washington Globe. POLITICAL COMPLEXION OF THE THE 23D CONGRESS. Jaclcson. Anti-Jackson. Maine, (not yet elected,) New Hampshire, Massachusetts, (failed to elect in one District,) Connecticut, Vermont, Rhode Island, (result not yet known,) New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 0 10 G 5 1 0 0 32 14 6 8 14 0 1 Delaware, 0 Maryland, (not yet elected,) Virginia, 16 5 4 North Carolina, . 9 S. Carolina, (not yot elected,) Georgia, 9 Alabama,! 4 Mississippi, 2 Louisiana, - - 0 Tennessee, 12 Missouri, (result of late election not known,) Illinois, 3 Indiana, - - 6 Ohio, - - - 11 Kentucky, 4 134 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 8 9 77 The result in those States in which the elections have not yet taken place, or have been held and the result not known here, will probably be as follows :

Maine 6 2 Rhode Island, - 2 Maryland, 4 4 South Carolina, 2 7 Missouri, - - 1 Massachusetts, no

election. 147 92 All elected as Jacksonian3. Some of them are now Nullifiers; but are pledged against the Bank by former votes. t All against the Bank. Mr. Lewis who is put down Anti Jackson, is opposed to the Bank. There are certainly four ( oerhaps five of the members of Congress, iust elected, in favor of the present General Government. This is a very good "turn out for old Kentuck. when it is remember ed that a Clay Legislature last winter, packed the districts, with the avowed object of shutting out all the Jackson men but two. Maysville Monitor,

Narrative of the loss of the ship Hebe, Captain Straughan, bound to Quebec, from London, on the Brazil rocks, near Cape liny, New Foundland, July 10th, 1833, by one of the passengers. The morning was cold, damp and foggy, as it had been for several days previous, and the ship was going about four miles per hour, when just after breakfast, I heard a shouting and noiso on the deck above; I immediately ran up to ascertain the causa when to my great surprise and horror I saw tint wc were close to the land and rocks, the waves dashing over the latter in a most terrific manner not more than 20or30 yards from us. The bustle and confusion which now took place, both above and below, were far beyond description, and dismay was visible in every face. The captain ordered the anchor to be lowered ; but it could not bo dono in time. For a while we hoped we should have got out of danger; as the wind was so moderate, when all at once I heard several exclaim "its all over witli us, wc are getting on a reef of rocks." I immediately ran below with feelings not to bo described and told my family, and begged of them to lose no time in coming upon deck. I then secured my watch and what little cash I had on board when the shin struck

on the rocks the shock was like that of an earth quake and threw many of the passengers down there was now a general rush upon the deck I got Mrs. T. and the children up with difficulty, led them to the mainmast and told them to hold on by the ropes, while the ship continued to strike and 1 roll about in a dreadful manner; many persons were thrown down and much bruised, and others dashed about from one side of the deck to the other. A rope was thrown ashore, and two or three of the sailors got to land, who were soon followed by several of the passengers, and we all then began to hope our lives would bs saved. After some time I got all my family near the place where the landing was affected; my poor children I threw towards the shore and most providentially they were all caught by one and another without any accident. Mrs. T. following, they all got safe to land, and my feelings were most highly excited when I saw them all ascend the rocks free from farther danger. I staid on board some time longer till most of the passengers got on shore ; I then left the ship as well as others. A tent was now put up as soon as possible, formed of the spars and sail cloth saved from the ship, but it was a poor protection from the weather, and it most unfortunately proved a very rough night. In the morning we all got to a sheltered place among the rocks, and got a breakfast as well as we could. About two o'clock in the afternoon, the Captain ordered all the females and children should be immediately got ready to be sent off to a place called Plyes Bay, about twenty miles distant, for better accommodation, but that they must walk a mile to the boats; accordingly in great haste wo all got ready I hired a man to carry a bed and bedding, carried our babe myself, and partly led one child by the hand, all others took something with them a more rugged path I think impossible, on our right lay the ocean foaming dreadfully, on the left, high barren hills, our path lay almost all the way in a bog, and in places up to the ancles in water. Having arrived at the small creek, we had to wait nearly an hour for the boats; and when they arrived I saw my family safely embarked, and then returned to the tent. We continued upon this desolate inhospitable rock eight days our provisions had become very short, when to our great joy our Captain came again to us and informed us he had with great difficulty procured a vessel to convey us to Sydney in Cape Breton, at which place we all arrived on July 15th. The passengers and crew were altogether about one hundred and forty individuals. FRANCIS THOMAS. Sydney, July 25, 1833. JEsop and his Fables. In all ages and nations, the fables of iEsop have been resorted to for the instruction of young people, and have supplied matter for the wisdom of more advanced years. If the infant mind can be taught to abhor violence and in justice by the fable of tho Wolf and the Lamb; if the advantages ot persevering industry can bo inculcated by the story of the Hare and the Tortoise; and if the disgrace of the bragging traveller can supply the young with a caution against boasting, lessons of more extended wisdom may be derived from the various apologues in which not beasts, fishes, or trees alone, but human beings and fabulous divinities are introduced. To no author, excepting iEsop, has it happened to have portions of his works condensed into proverbial sayings, passing from mouth to mouth, as matter of familiar conversation, too applicable to demand introduction, too well known to require explanation. Thus, when we speak of Blowing Hot and Cold, no one expects that the story of the Satyr and the Traveller should be repeated to him ; or when mention is made of the Dog in the Manger, ihts Viper and the File, or tho Mountain in Labor, the mind of the hearer is instantly informed that envious selfishness, malignant and impotent rage, and rash promises, or threats productive of no consequence, are meant to be described and satirized. iEsop the author of most of the fables which arc current in the collections passing under his name, made his way to eminence, unfavored by any circumstances of birth, fortune, or person : he was a Phrygian, of the lowest order of society, a purchased slave, and of person so deformed, that the description of him is nearly hideous; and, as if merit were allotted to him only to show against what difficulties it can successfully struggle, he had an impediment in his speech, which rendered him almost unintelligible. Yet by persevering patience, and the manly struggle of a firm and exalted mind, he was enabled to become, not only the companion of his superiors, but the instructor of those who most prided themselves in their wisdom. Hisjrudent counsels quieted the minds of the Athenians when they were ready to break o"ut into fatal violence at the usurpation of Pisistratus; he taught them the dangers they had to apprehend from tiie f alliances or even tho quarrels, of powerful and

dangerous neighbors; and all this by such popular narratives as remain forever fixed in the memory, and forma continual guide to the judgment.

iho chect of h;s wisdom was such, that ho was not only respected and well treated during his life, but as PlueJrus tli3 most spirited ami accomplished of his translators, has informed us, tha polito Athenians dedicated a collo3s.il statuo to his memory; and, although he had been but a slave, consecrated his fame on an imperishable pedestal, to inform mankind, says the Roman author, that tho road to honorable distinction was open to all men. Wits of the first class in all nations from Pha drus, in Rome to La Fontaine, in Paris have thought their time well employed in collecting, amplifying, pointing, and embellishing the narratives of this author, with tho addition of similar stories and anecdotes, such as passing time and their own observation could supply. Every nation has shown the state of the times, or its prevailing genius, in tho manner of rendering, augmenting, or imitating, this, theirgrcat model. Of the imitators of ..Esop, it is not intended to speak; but self-denial would be too severely taxed, were no mention to be made of the elegant fictions of Gay, so exquisitively invented, and judiciously applied, as to raise a spark of honest envy even in tho friendly bosom of Swift. It is earnestly to be hoped that tho fables of Esop, as the means of information and instruction, may never be disused nor neglected. In the course of them he portrays himself as a friend of truth and justice, a man of sincere benevolence, and communicative of his good principles; as a man who honored and feared the gods whom he was brought up to worship, although his mind carried him above the feebleness of superstition, and protected him against the arts of deception. Peoples Mag. Pompeii. It is certainly surprising that the most interesting city should have remained undiscovered until so late a period, and that antiquaries and learned men should have so long and materially erred about its situation. In many places masses of ruins, portions of tho buried theatres, temples, and houses were not two feet below the surface of the soil; the country people were continually digging up pieces of worked marble, and other antique objects; in several spots they had even laid open tho outer walls of the town; yet men did not find out what it was, that peculiar, isolated mound of cinders and ashes earth and pumice-stone, covered. There is another circumstance which increases the wonder of Pompeii remaining so long concealed. A subterranean canal cut from the river Sarno, traverses the city, and is seen darkly and silently gliding on under tho temple of Isis. This is said to have been cut towards the middle of the fifteenth centu ry, to supply the contiguous town of the Torre dell' Annunziata with fresh water; it probably ran accidently in tho same-channel. But, cutting it, or clearing it, workmen must have crossed under Pompeii from one side to the other. As you walk round the walls of tho city, and see how the volcanic matter is piled upon it in one heap, it looks as though the hand of man had purposely buried it, by carrying and throwing over it the volcanic matter. This matter docs not spread in any direction beyond tho town, over the fine plain which gently declines towards tho bay of Naples. The volcanic eruption was so confined in its course or its fall, as to bury Pompeii, and only Pompeii: for the shower of ashes and pumice-stone which descended in tho immediate neighborhood certainly made but a slight difference in the elevation of the plain. Where a town has been buried by lava, like Herculaneum, the prorca 1 ooally traced. You can follow the black, hardened lava from the cone "of the muuntain to tho sea, whose waters is invaded for "many a rood," and those who have seen the lava in its liquid state, when it flows on like a river of molten iron, can conceive at once how it would bury every thing it found in its way. There is often a confusion of ideas, among those who have not had the advantages of visiting these interesting places, as to the matter which covers Pompeii and Herculaneum: they fancy they were both buried by lava. Herculaneum was so, and the work of excavating there, was like digging in a quarry of very hard stone. The descent into the places cleared is like the descent into a quarry or mine, and you are always under ground, lighted by torches. But Pompeii was covered by loose mud, pumicestone, and ashes, over which in the course of centuries, there collected vegetable soil. Beneath this shallow soil, tho whole is very crumbly and easy to dig, in few spots moro difficult than one of our common gravel-pits. The matter excavated is carried off in carts and thrown outside of the town; and in times when tho labor is carried on with ac tivity, as cart after cart withdraws with the earth that covered them, you see houses entire, except their roofs, which have nearly always fallen in, make their appearance, and, by degrees a whole street opens to the sun shine or the shower, just liko the streets of any inhabited neighboring town. It is curious to observe, as tho volcanic matter is removed, that the houses are principally built of lava, the more ancient product of tho same Vesuvius, whose later results buried and concealed Pompeii for so many ages. SCENE OX A STEAM 1J0 AT. Sambo. Well Miss Dinah, your mos obsekus. Dinah. llow you enjoy yourself dis time, Sambo? Sambo. Oh! only tolerumble I hab dyspepsy tree months pass, and dc doctor say I mus travel and diet mvself. Dinah. Where you gowin? Sambo. Igwoin to Philumdelphy and dare to de springs to taste do water. Where you gwoin Dinah? Dinah. Oh! I no pay my passage trough I onlygwoin on an explosion (excrusion) up to do cannawl to breed de fresh air." The Halcyon at New Orleans, from Tampico, brought about 220,000 dollars in specie.

The Hermit and the Vision. It is told or a religious recluse, who, .in thu early ng-s of Christianity, betook himself to a cavo in 1,'pper Egypt, which in tho times of thn Plnraohf, had been dojKJsitory for mummies; lhatho prayed there, morning, noon, nnd night, eating only of thedates which some neighboring trees afford ed, nnd drinking of the water of tlw NiU At length tho Irrmit "became weary of life, and then ho pnyed still moro earnestly. After this duty, one day ha fell asleep, nnd tho vision of an angel appeared to him in a dream, commanding him to arise and cut down a neighboring pahn-trcc, and make a rope of its fibres, mi l, a! lor it was done, the angel would appear to him again. Tho hermit awoke, and instantly applied himself to obey the vision. Ho travelled about, from place to place, many days before he could procure an axe; and during this journey he felt happier than ho had for many years. His prayers were now short and few; but what they wanted in length and number, they outmeasured in fervency. Having returned with an axo ho cut down tho tree; and with much labor and assiduity during several days prepared tho fibres to inako the rope; and after a continuance of daily occupation fur some weeks, completed the command. The vision that night appeared to the hctnif, as promised, and thus addressed him : "You arc now no longer weary of life, but happy. Know th n, that man was made for labor; and prayer also is his duty: the one as well as the other is essential to his well-being. Aviso in tho morning, take tho cord, and with it gird up thy loins, and go forth into the world; and let it be Pincmorial to thee of what (iod expects from man, if ho would be blessed with happiness on earth."

Cousining. A Country gentleman lately arrived at Boston, and immediately repaired to tho houso of a relative, a lady who had married a merchant of that city. The parties were glad to see him, and invited him to make their houso his home, (as ho declared his intention of remaining in that city but a day or two.) The husband of the lady, anxious to show attention to a relative and fiicrid of hi wife, took tho gentleman's horse to tho live ry stable in Hanoer street, and had it put up there. Finally tho visit became a visitation, and tho merchant after an clnpso of 11 day?, found that besides lodging and boarding tho gentleman, a pretty considerable bill had run up at tho livery stable. Accordingly ho went to tho mnn who kept tho stable, and told him, when the gentleman took his horse, ho would pay tho bill. "Yery good," said the stable keeper, i "understand you." Accordingly, in a short time, tho country gentleman went to the stable, and ordered his horse to bo got ready. Tho bill of courso was presented. "Oh,"said tho gentleman, "Mr. so-and-so, my relation will pay this." "Yery good sir," said the stablo keeper, "pleaso !o get an order from Mr. , it will be tho same as the money. The horso was put up again, and down went tho country gentleman to the Long Wharf, whero tho merchant kept. "Well," said he, "1 am going now." "Aro you f" said the merchant, "well, good by, sir." "Well about my horse: the man says tho bill must be paid for his keeping." "Well, I supposo that's all right, sir." "Yes well but you know that I am your w ihYs cousin." "Yes said the mcrchaut, "I know that you are, but your horse is notP A correspondent of tho New York Commercial Advertiser speaks of the crops in tho western part of the State of New York as follows: Utjca, Aug. 7. 77e Crops. I have passed through most of out western towns, and never have I seen such abundant crops. It is generally admitcd that thero is this season, at least one third moro wheat than at any former period the quality too, is excellent. I was at Rochester on the Gth, at which period tho millers were paying one dollar a bushel for new wheat. On tho lath, I was again there, w hen they were paying six cents less: a considerable quantity had been received. One dollar was the prico at several places. It will probably continue for a considerable time to range from 7s. to one dollar. All other grain comes in well. The corn, until recently, looked rather poor but on the whole, there will be a fair supply. Marriage Extra. At New York, on Thursday Morning last, by the Ucv. Mr. Thompson, Mr. John Ror.LKTsoN, of Manchester, England, manufacturer, to Miss Ei:r.i:i c. Williams, of Uos ton, Mass. The gentleman above named is tho individual who advertised under tho assumed name of Ralph Richard, in tho column of this paper, a week or tsvo fcinco, for a wife. A few applications came fioni questionable sources in this c ity, but as tho advertiser regarded tlicm as tho productions of those who were disposed to qui: him, he did not give toany of them hid notice. Tho lady who is now his wife, applied first by letter, and then personally; and after an acquaintance of a few days, tho match was settled. We wih tho happy pair all possible felicity, and cannot but persuado ourselves that they will be mutually blessed. Prov. Gazette. Gimblets. Tho Yankees aro in a fair way to destroy John Bull's gimblet trade in this country. The new twist gimblet is almost as much superior to the old English gimblet, as the sere' auger is to tho old pod auger. Thero is a giiolet factory at West Whatley, which cmplos lr hand, about half of them females, and manufactures 15 eross ner week. Tho steel is imported from Eng land in round rods; tho handles aro turned out in the vicinity. Thero is a rt.nblct lactory in jjuckland and ono in the northern part of Franklin county, one in Kecnc,N. J- and ono in Connecticut. On tho 2d of August inst. thero was quite a hczry frost in Nc Hampshire, and the corn has been considerably injured..

r