Indiana Palladium, Volume 7, Number 48, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 3 December 1831 — Page 1

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.'iii.iaHM7-jv-J..-f ic - " - - lYorn the Philadelphia Journal of Health. A notice lo emigrmt5, by lha socio t.y for forming a slllcmcnt in tlm Ore gon Country, on the Columbia River, reminds us of somy interesting facts connected with climate, which arc, we imagine, new to mo3t of our readers. One grand peculiarity, not yet explain ed satisfactorily, is the superior mild ness of the climate of the westero coast of a continent, or island, over the east ern, or opposite coast, in the same latitude and elevation. Thus, for example, while all is sterility and desolation on the eastern coast of North America, even as low as the 55th degree of north latitude, and ice end snow maintain a perpetual existence at the GOLh parallel, we find on the coast of Norway, or western coast of Europe, ten degrees higher, that all is life, and animation, and beauty. The difference of climate between the western coast of North America, and the eastern coast of Asia, is still more surprising, when we reflect that the parts of the two continents lo be compared, are only separated from each other by a strait, rather more than forty miles in width. Kotzebue, in his voyage of discovery, undertaken in 1815, informs up, that the crossing this short extent of water from America to Asia, was like passing from winter to Fummer. While all was verdure at Cape Prince of Wales, in America, the Opposite point of East Cape, in Asia, was covered with eternal ice. A few hours sailing directly to the west, sank the thermometer from 59 lo 43 degrees F. The general agent of the Oregon Society says, "that the climate on the shores of the Columbia River is remarkably mild and healthful." A person, Ignorant of the difference of climate between the two coasts of a continent, might .naturally enough look at his map, and having discovered what spot of th eastern or Atlantic coast was of the Same latitude as the mouth of the Columbia River, he would infer the mean annual temperature of the latter to be the same as that which he knows the former to possess. lie would be deceived in this cas, as in any other in which he would take parallels of latitude to measure climates, without reference to numerous modifying causes; nmong the chief of which, is the kind of exposure just mentioned. In New California, on the Pacific ocean, they cultivate with success the live along the canal of Santa Barbara, and the vine from Monterey to the north of the parallel of 37 deg. N. lat., which is that of the country near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. The mouth of the Columbia River, in lat. 44 deg. 40 min. N. has a mean temperature of 55 deg. F., the same as that of Pekin, in China, on the opposite cotinent, in lat. 39 deg. 54 min. N. Philadelphia, on the eastern side of the continent, is in about the tame latitude as Pekin, or nearly five degrees farther south than the mouth of the Columbia River, and yet its mean temperature, 24 deg. F., is three deg. less than that of the latter. In corroboration of these views, for which we are indebted lo the celebrated traveller Humboldt, it may be mentioned, lhaton the shores of the narrow channels of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, dividing Europe from Asia, the latter continent has a more general climate than that of the former. In the spring, Fays Witlman, vegetation is several weeks more advanced on the Asiatic than on the European side, aud the productions of the soil more vigorous and of larger growth. So far, we see that marine exposures to the west appear lo give a milder climate; and if we carry our investigations farther, we shall find that the mean annual temperature of places in the tame latitude diminish as we advance to the east. Thus Warsaw, the capital of Poland, has a less medium temperature than Amsterdam, on the same line of latitude; it is hotter in summer, and colder in winter. Astrachan, at the mouth of the Volga, is nearly in the same latitude as Lyons. The Crimea is not so warm as upper Italy, to which it corresponds, and although it also pre sent?, equally with the latter, low grounds. Pekin is in the same parallel as Naples, but with less medium tern peratnre, and exposed to much greater vicissitudes. The interest with which the subject of climate is always studied, a3 well by the physician as by the naturalist and agriculturist, will justify our indulging in farther details hereafter. We Mlttll IWZll fcWUW , I um iuc iiir-tm temperature ofa place gives but an i:n-

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perfect idea of its climate, unless we know the difference between its temperature iu summer w;,d in winter. From the Journal of Health. Wholesome and Nutritious Bread from Suzv-dutt, To be re3f rieUd to a diet of eaw-du?t, would, a short time since, And by many at the present day will slill, be considered a sentence of death by starvation: but the investigations of the chemist have shown him that even from this unpromising substance n wholesome, nutritive and palatable bread may be obtained. Famine is now rendered al most impossible, until at least our forests have been consumed, by which time we may trust a suflicient crop of wheat and corn will be raised, or the means of obtaining food from brick-dust will be discovered. But the production ofa nutritive bread from saw dust and chip is no joke it is an actual fact. The experiments of M. Autenreilh, of Tu bingen, on the conversion of lignin, or the woody fibre, into food, are Inn detailed by Dr. Prout, in his learned paper iu the Philosophical Transactions, oo the ultimate composition of elementarv substances. M. Autenreith takcj a piece of wood, and by frequent soak ing aad boiling, separates from it every thing which is soluble in water. The wood thus purified, is then reduced to saw-dust, repeatedly subjected to the heat of an oven, and anally ground into flour. It requires the addition of lea ven; after which, in the ordinary process, it makes a uniform, spongy bread. The colour is rather yellowish; but when well baked and crusty, it is not only very nutritious, but much superior in every respect to the brown bread, made of the bran and busks of cornflour. To that class of extremely witty gentlemen who are in the habit of ridiculing every thing which i3 proposed as a means of preserving health, we beg leave to say, that the above is given to our readers merely as an article of curious information we have not seen nor tasted saw-dust bread ourselves; and do not, therefore, let it be understood, recommend it in the place of good ivheaten bread and butter. The mode of converting the process of bread baking Into a means of poisonous distillation, has gone the round of the newspapers; we trust that editors will, at least, not pass over in silence, the new source of aliment in saw-dust, to which attention is now directed. Mobile, Oct. 23. The Cotton Crop. Since our last reference to this subject, we have been favored with information from several intelligent individuals who have recently passed through Marenga, Perry, Green, Tuscaloosa, Pickens, and other Counties, in regard to the appearance of the Cotton Crop the present season, and they unite in the opinion that it promises an increase upon last years production. The rot has, indeed, in jured, lo a considerable extent, many of the fields, but the growth of the plant is generally luxuriant and vigorous, and the present favorable weather will bring a large portion of the bolls to maturity. The land in cultivation exceeds considerably, the quantity planted the last season, in every part of South Alabama, and we understand that in the Eastern Counties, particularly Conecuh and Butler, there will be no deficiency of production by ihe acre. The Counties, o.i Ihe Alabama River, appear to have suffered more from the rains of the summer than those we have named, but even in these, it is now thought there will not be much deficiency. From all the information we have been able to collect, we see no reason to recede from the opinion that the crop of this year will fully equal that of the last, and with favorable weather for another month, it will probably exceed it by several thousand bales. TERRITORY OF HURON. The Lead Mines of the Upper Mississippi river, which have become so celebrated within a few years past, are chiefly situated within this territory. They have, through inaccuracy, been called the Mines of Illinois. They are now known as "the Wiskonsin Lead Mines." The returns made by the U. Slates Agent, for the year ending Sept. oO, 1G30 show that there were only 1,G2G, 4SC lbs. of Lead made within the limits of the Slate during the preceding year; whilst in the Territory there were G;G975512lb8. It will also appear,

J that during the year ending September

oO,l Sbl, there were only G b urnaces in operation in the state of Illinois, which smelted 1,G59,818 lbs. of lead; and in the Wi?konsin District, there have been thirty two Furnaces in opera tion, which have 4,120,417 lbs. The total amount of lead made, therefore, in the State and territory, in the paEt year, is 5,7C6,235 lbs. It is but just to state that one fourth of the mineral which is smelted at the furnaces in Illinois, i3 raised in the territory, all of them except one being erected very near the State line. The prospects of the mines have never been better than at present. The diggers are preparing to work throughout the winter; and great activity is manifested by every class engaged in the business. Louisville Public Adv., Nov. 1G. Charpentier has the following eloquent passage: "Whenever," says he "I cast my eyes on ostentatious epitaphs, I feel a wish to write under them, 'as man is composed of pride and infirmities, passenger, you here behold them fully exemplified. This tomb indicates the feebleness, Sz. this epitaph the pride of his nature.' How just a picture is this of the character of the deceased person when alive! Under robes of silk and embroidery he concealed from the eyes of the world the weakness and diseases of his decaying body. A wunded conscience, a feeble understanding, and eternal tftil of solicitude and sorrows, were hidden beneath the mask of n tranquil countenance, a steady and penetrating eye." American Silk. A late Raleigh, North Carolina, Register states that the family of J. W. Bynum, Esq. ofCatham, raised, during the Ia6t season, silk worms sufficient to produce GOO lbs. of cocooqs, which is supposed will make twenty thousand skeins of Sewing silk, and that of a quality equal if not superior to any Italian silk imported. Mrs. Bynum proposes to deposit a quantity of this silk at the office of the Register, to be disposed of at five cent9 a skein. From ihe Washington Globe. NATIONAL REPUBLICAN NOMINATION. The Louisville Advertiser has given us proof concluiive, as will be seen below , that Ihe great object for which the National Convention is called at Baltimore, in December next, and which has pul the National Republican troops in motion all over the union, has been quietly settled by Mr. Clay, himself, on the banks of the Wabash. The Advertiser facetiously gives us Davy Crockett's comment, but what will the grand Nationals, who have been so busy in getting up the pageant of a Convention, to do this business for Mr. Clay, gay, when they find themselves anticipated, and their candidate named without the god fatherly aid which they have been bustling to provide. About a month since the intelligencer proclaimed with joy that "Virginia was moving at length'9'' in the gloiious business. Annunciations were again and again presented to us by this print, of movements in Pennsylvania N. York Sz that even in the far west, delegates had been elected to the great council at Baltimore and for what? To nominate a man who says he is already nominated ! The course which Mr. C. has taken towards his grand Convention, must be designed as an imitation of that of Napoleon towards the Pope, who was brought all the way from Italy to Crown his Majesty, when lol the Emperor put the Crown upon his own brow. Mr. Clay says, "From the period my name teas presented by a Convention in Kentucky, to the public consideration Jor a hi"h office. I have not accented, nor whilst O U 7 " I i it remains thus before the public, shall j aCCipt ANY PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT, tendered on my own account." After such a sacrifice for the sake of the Presidency, surely the American people will no longer refuse Mr. Clay the Chief Magistracy. He is ready to give up his dinners! After traversing Kentucky from one extremity to Ihe other, eating, drinking, scraping and spouting after penetrating to Columbus in Ohio, by one route, and returning zig-zag by another, keepwg UP through the activity of partizans in every vilage, the same shameless system of electioneering after closing his performance for Ohio at Cincinnati, at Lawrenceburgh for Indiana, at Natchez for Mississippi, at New Orleans for Louisiana, Mr. Clay feels the effects of the nausea, and with the most delicate sense of propriety, declines the Vincenncs "entertainment,"

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because a handful of his partizan?, convoked at Frankfort by his own direction, avowed the purpose which he had himself previou.-ly declared at the inaguration of General Jackson, and which he has displayed in every act of his, from that moment to the present. Surely Mr. Clay must think his countrymen th dullest race on earth, if he hopes to palm upon them his mock modeety for real delicacy, after the bold, unblushing, naked system of electioneering which he prosecuted as Secretary of State, and after his dismission from that office by the people. Ilis annual visits to Kentucky, while Secretary of State, the motives which prompted his barbecues then, a? well as his later ones, were all understood by the people of that statu. And docs he hope now, by an affectation of sacred regard for the attitude In which the resolutions of a few of his partiznns at Frankfort have placed him, to assume a disguise which the sagacity of the American people will not penetrate? Because he has been presented l7o the public consideration for high cffice?" by some dozen of his own agents and instruments, he dare not taste an "entertainment tendered on his ozen account." And yet while enjoying the place of premier while disposing of the high public trusts of the country and millions of public patronage, allowed ncne of the consideration of high office, to prevent him from bringing this influence, m actual possession, from adding its power to bach liia eloquence at Kentucky barbecues. Mr. Clay must ceaso to play the mountebank before his countrymen, if he hopes for their respect. They nev er will be tricked into a good opinion of him by affectation and deception. A law officer in Rhode Island lately issued a writ against the panTinstead of the defendant, the error not being discovered until the Sheriff had reached the jail with his prisoner! Boston Statesman, From the Kentucky Reporter. MR. CLAY AND jTHE ANTI-MASONS. Having casually heard the following correspondence spoken of, and presuming that our leaders would take an interest in purusing ii, we have requested and procured a copy of it for publication. Hanover, Ind. Sept. 2, 1 S3 1 . Hon. Ileivy Clay : Sir. Having been appointed by an Anti-Masonic meeting in Hanover, Indiana, to open a correspondence with you for the purpose of ascertaining your sentiments with respect to masonry, we take this opportunity of addressing you on the surjuct. We feel curselves impelled to this duty, and to the taking of this step, from the consideration that in us is placed a part of the sovereignty of thb country, that on us, as constituent parts of this government, depend the perpetuity of our republican institutions, the character and prosperity of our nation, the happiness of its citizens and the destiny of millions yet unborn. As citizens of this Republic, we feel it our bounden duty to watch over ihe destinies of our nation, lo guard with eludious care cur right?, and to detect and exterminate whatever lias a tendency to corrupt our republican institutions, oret aside ihe Jaws. The subject of free-masonry is one which has of late engrossed the attention of the people in many parts of the Uuited States. It is a subject which is of vital importance, and demands the serious attention of every Christian, patriot and republican. What may be your sentiments on this subject we know not. By some it is affirmed that you are now a mason of the highest order, and a zealous supporter ot the masonic institution, and by ethers, that though you were once a mason, ycu have of late abandoned ihe society and are now opposed to the institution, so that we have been unable, as yet, to ascertain with certainty your sentiments cn this subject, As we are again shortly to be called upon to choose a man to preside over the councils of oar nation ; as it will then be our duty and privilege to raise our humble, but independent voice in favor of him whom we deem most worthy of our suffrage; and as you now stand a candidate for a high and important station, as your friends and leilow citizens, we would solicit from you a frank and car did sinU riient oi your sentiments on this subject. We solicit this wi h ths more confidence, because we believe ycu have always

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sustained the character of the frank and affable friend, and faithful and undisguised politician, and that you would scorn to obtain the suffrage of the people by conceaiieg your scutimentf. Yours) roEpectfullv, JAMES A. WATSON, NOBLE BUTLER, J AS. II. THOMPSON. ANSWER. Ashland, Oct. C, 1831. Gentlemen : I hope you will excuso the delay in acknowledging the receipt of your letter cf the 2J ult. which has arisen from my absence from home and from various engagements. Waiving the considerations that I have no knowledge of the existence of an Ami Masonic meeting in Hanover, Indiana, other than that which is deri ved from your letter, nor of your appointment as a cct.imiltee to corieepond with me, other than our statement, nor the satisfaction ofa personal acquaintance with ou, 1 will proceed at once tn reply to your letter. Its professed object is to ascertain my sentiments cn the subject of mn sorry ; and the reason assigned by you for this enquiry is thuj stated by yourselves. "A3 we aro again shortly to be called upon to choo3e a man to preside over the councils of our nation ; as it will then be our duty and priilege to rai?c our humble but independent voice in favor of Lim whom we may deem most worthy of our suffrage; and as ycu now stand a candidate for a high and important station, as your friends and fellow-citizen?, we would solicit frcm o a frank and candid statement of vour sentiments on this subject." 1 do not know n solitary provision in the Constitution of the United States, which conveys the slightest authority to the General Government to interfere, one way or the other, with either Masonry or Anti-Masonry. If therefore a President cf the United State?, or any other functionary of that Government, were to employ his cfficial power to sustain or to abolish or to advance the interests of Masonry or Anti-Masonry, it would be au act of usurpation or tyranny. You have rot called upon me for my opinion upon any great practical measure falling withiu the fccope cf Federal power; but passing by every question of vital interest, within the sphere of its operation, you demand my sentiments upon a sutject with which I humbly conceive it has nothing lo do, and you place this demand on the ground of the influence which my sentiments might exert upon the exeicise cf an undoubted and important privilege which you posters as citizens of the United Stp.teg. A ccmpliancc, cn my part, with your demand would amount loan irieplied admission, that individual tenlimente, on the subject of Masonry, formed a proper consideration in regulating the exeicise of the elective franchise in respect to officers cf the Federal Government. I can make no such admission. I cannot believe that whether 1 am hostile or friendly to Masonry, or Anti-Ma

sonry, is at all material in the formation of any judgment, on the part of my fellow citizens, concerning my fitness for any effice under the Government of the United Stales. That elevated office, to which you allude, should, in my opinion be filled by one who is capable, unswayed by sectarian feehng3 or passions, of administering its high duties impartially towards the whole people of the United States, however divided into religious, social, benevolent or literary associations. Entertaining these views, I have constantly refused to make myself a party to tho unhappy contest rging, distant from me, in oriber parts of the Union, between Masons und Anti Masons. Whilst ihese views remain uncorrected I must adnere lo that determination. If, indeed, you gentlemen, will point to the provision in the Federal Constitution which can be legitimately made to operate upon the sul ject in question, I would not hcfitate piomptly to comply with your request. In the meantime, in declining it, I hope you will consider me as not wanting in proper respect to you or to those-whom you represent, but as actii g frcrn a conviction of tha impropriety of blendir.g an alien ingredient with a question, already sufficiently complex, and also from a 5ense cf personal independence. I am with gieat respect, yourobedi ent servant, H. CLAY. Miefrs. James A. Watson, Nohle Butler, Jamls H. Tno'MrsoN,