Indiana Palladium, Volume 7, Number 15, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 16 April 1831 — Page 2

the same,'six thousand five hundred dellars For surveying the public lands, including the amount of arrearages due for the last year, one hundred and thirty thousand dollars. For the salaries of the Minister of the United States to Great Britain, France, Spain, Russia, the Netherlands and Columbia, fifty four lhou3and dollars. For the salaries of the Secretaries of Legation to the same places, twelve thousand dollars. For the salaries of the Charge des affairs to Portugal, Denmark, Sweden, Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Chili, Peru, Mexico, and Guatemala, forty thousand five hundred dollars. For outfit of the present Minister to Russia, nine thousand dollars. For outfits of the Charge des A (lairs at Peru, Chili, Brazil, and Guatemala, eighteen thousand dollars. For the outfit and salary of a Charge d'Aflfairs, for the salary of a Drcgomau at Constantinople, and for the contingent expenses of the L-gation, thirtysix thousand five hundred dollars, to wit: For the outfit of a charge d'AlFaire, four thousand five hundred dollars; for salary ofa Charge d'AlFairs four thousand live hundred dollars; for salary of a Drogoman, two thousand five hundred dollars; for the contingent expenses of the Legation, twenty five thousand dollars.

For the contingent expenses of foreign intercourse, in addition to the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars hereinafter appropriated, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars. For contingent expenses of all the missions abroad, twenty thousand dollars. For the salaries of the agents of claims at London and Paris, four thousand dollars. For the expenses of intercourse with the Barbary powers, thirty thousand dollars. For the relief and protection of American seamen in foreign countries, twenty thousand dollars. For the contingent expenses of foreign intercourse, twenty-five thousand dollars. For carrying into effect the act of May twenty-nine, one thousand eight hundred and thirty, for the settlement of the accounts of certain diplomatic functionaries, ten thousand five hundred dollars. For the payment of claims for proerty lost, captured or destroyed by the enemy, the balance of the appropria tion made by the act of third March one thousand eigf hundred and twenty-five heretofore carried to the surplus fund, thirty-two thousand seventy three dollars and eighty cents. For the compensation due to James Parker for investigating the accounts .of Robert Arnold, late Collector of Amboy, two hundred thirty-nine dollars sixty-four cents. For the designating and marking the boundrary line between the State of Louisiana and the district of Arkansas, three thousand dollars; the same to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of State. For prepairng a revision of the former estimates of the population of the United States, one thousand dollars. Andrew Stevenson Speaker of the House of Representative John C. Calhoun, President of the Senate. ArmovED, March 2, 1831. ANDREW JACKSON. As an evidence of the enterprising character of the. American mercantile marine, the New York Courier states, that in proceeding on board of an American vessel lo Odessa, the great Russian mart in the Black Sea, Mr. Rhind pass-! ed a lleet of from one hundred, to perhaps one hundred and fifty sail of merchantmen of almost all the nations of Europe, Vcnitians, Genoese, French, English, &c. The American vessel proceeded to Odessa; landed her cargo, took in another, & on her return met the lleet of merchantmen just coming through the Bosphorus, at the entrance of the Black Sea. As a further evidence of the activity of our seamen, he mentions the fact of an American vessel arriving at Odessa, and departing in three days, with a full cargo. The Captain of the Port of Odessa is said to be a Philadelphia!!. A Pirate taken. The Norfolk Beacon of Thursday says: A letter has been received from an officer of the U. S..ship Erie, by a gentleman of that place, which states that "the Erie sailed from Havana cn the Uth ult. and fell in with a sloop, to which she gave chase, firing at her to bring her to; she, however, escaped by superior sailing. The Erie returned to Havana in 3 or 4 days. Oo the day after her arrival, a Spanish sloop of war came in, bringing in the sloop which the Erie had pursued a few days before, which the Spanish vessel had captured . The Captain of the sloop had shot himself during the chase, from which it was presumed he was a pirate."

For the Palladium . Laics of Maine concluded. The laws of Maine provide that each township shall be set olf into school districts, and at each annual town meeting a majority of the hgal voters say what sum of money shall be raised

to defray the expense of free school? j the present or coming year; which sum is divided amonj; the several dis tricts, according to the number of children in each, whose agas shall be between 5 and 21 years, with sundry provisions. E ich district annually elects, among other officers, one trustee or school contractor, whose duty it is to furnish the district with a good competent teacher; and also a committee of three, whose duty it is to hear complaint-, to visit and examine the school from time; to time, and to malic such report as to them may appear proper. At the expiration of the school the teacher receives his order from the trustees upon the towa treasury, and forthwith receives his sioney, which is always ready to order. Jn' building school-houses, each district says what kind of house shall be erected; it is then sold off to the lowest bidder, and an equivalent tax levied upon the districl to meet the demand. Under these regulations school-houses are always finished in good and convenient order; nor are they evacuated until demolished by time or accident. The whole concern is conducted with no small decree of order and advantage. The fort going regulations secure to each district about one quarter of free school annually, after which private schools are continued at pleasure. Those children whose parents are poor, it will be seen, have the advantage of a common education at least, and not unlrequently become ornamental and useful members of society. But, sir, the sad reverse of all these pleasant things, are attendant on the management of our schools our country schools, in particular ; and the reason to be assigned is at hand. Our legislature, in regard to schools, has left us as yet in a similar predicament with ancient Israel when destitute of a king no binding provisions are made for us; every man is at liberty to do little or much, or nothing at all, towards the support of schools, consequently it is not unfrequently the case that schoolhouses are abandoned before they are half completed. One individuals says that it must be done ao; another says nay; but it must be done so, says the former unless it can be done to my liking, I'll have nothing more to do with it; and the latter makes the same re joinder each one feels his independence, and sooner than to jield in the least degree, they choose to sacrifice what they may have done, abandon the work, and the louse goes lo ruins. "I speak that I do know, and testify that I have seen.1" It is the misfortune of all men to err, and there also may be an honest difference of opinion; yet in all those cases, wlnre law does not point out the course to be pursued, disorder and confusion are almost universally the consequence. Bat should a district agree and succeed in the completion of a house, as is sonetimes the case, a thousand to one if it docs not soon realize a similar fate. One says this teacher shall have charge of the school and another says tint one wishes for a teacher with a liberal education, another says my children are all small, I cannot afford to pay so extravagant a price the cheapest teacher is the man for me; and in hct these are the kind that are most frequently employed there are some honorable exceptions, but even these are soon disheartened and abandon the avocation: for if they perchance to 4box Jemmy Punie's ears,' the neighborhood is soon set in an uproar, the parents become infuriated and withdraw from school. It matters not what may have been the crime, nor how mild the correction, and yet these are the first to proclaim that order is wanting in school. The truth is you may and must correct every ones children except mine. But if a teacher should chance to please all, which is seldom il ever the case, he is under the necessity of rc-earning his money before he can get it. lie must dun and dun and dun again, until his patience is quite exhausted; at last he is informed that money is hard to.be got, and is requested to take trade or produce what seme would call "chips and glass," and if he consents be must even dun for it, and in some cases get nothing after all. Permit me, sir, to repeat once more, 4il speak that I do know, and testify that I have seen." Nor do I expect lo see it much better, until our schools are conducted under the provisions and by the authority of law. Next to the ad valorem system, which, it will be seen, must be antecedent, 1 most ardently wish lo see something j!-8 the law herein above quoted, adopted by our legislature. And that it ultimately will, I entertain few doubts, and would fain hope that the present generation shall not pass away uutil all of these things shall be fulfilled. To say that such a law would, at this time, meet with the approbation of a majority of the votcis

of this state, would bo quite presumptive. I am well aware that the bare mention of such a measure is suthcient to secure a man as many political enemies as will effectually prevent him fr.im having any voice in the councils of stale or in legislative enactments.

But, nr, were these measures once ad opted by us, the order, pleasure, and advantages resulting therefrom fully realised, I well know that it would be as withering to one's political prospects to oppose, as it is now to advocate them. But if political prospects must be saj crificed to advance a good cause, per haps lew are more willing to make the surrender than myself, few can (eel its importance more. I will only add that it might be expedient, in adopting this measure, to exonerate from school tax those who may have educated their children at their piivate expense say all over the ears of 45 or 50, at the same time givii-g them all theadanta ! ges of such schools, by paying their quota of school money. Such a provi sion would at once do away the most prominent objection to the measure. There would no doubt be some murmuring still, for 1 um ready to admit that the introduction of a new law ali ways has and always will bear hard on some body; it is the unavoidable im perfection of all human laws, (as I noticed in a former communication;) but these difficulties will increase with time, the sooner therefore that thev are adid opted the better. I have already been , carried far beyond my anticipated lim - j its upon this subject, my apology is its impoitance. lucre are many other thiols ofa similar nature, which I fain wouf notice ; but lest I should be considered "vain in my imagination," I forbear. I will only add that nut only the laws, but the usages of Maine, provide that no man shall hold two or more lucrative offices at the same time. But as this subject has been most promptly and fairly engrossed by "Examiner,"' to attempt to say more, would be to "add words to darken counsel." In conclusion I would fain hope that more competent writers will engross the subjects I have noticed in this and my two former communications 1 mean those who believe in their correctness and those who do not; not for the sake of entciinginto an argument, this I have neither lime nor disposition to do 'what I have written I have written' but that these doctrines may be thoroughly investigated and spread before the people, who are the proper tribunals; and that doctrine which will not bear the most searching scrutin, is no longer ad vocated by me on conviction thereof. A.J.COTTON. Manchester, March 8, 1831. P. S. As 1 fuve yet to team how any thing1 in the course of his er the two former communications, can be made itibservieut to a party question, (the ibetrines alike interest both the friends and oppoiers cf the present administration throughout he state,) 1 most respectfully request that editjrs would, at the earliest conveuient respite fiom urgent matter, give each an insertion in tleir respective columns, and in so doing they wil. confer a favor upon a humble ftlluw-citizea .A.J. L. Jfa ian Q i es? ion. A friend who hinka the accounts given of the opinions dehvsred in the Supreme Cuurt somewhat inaccu-ate and very imperfect, has favored us with tie following communication Washington city G'.cbe. For the Globe. The Supreme Court has just decided the case of "the Cherokee nation" against the state of Georgia. J heard all the opinions read, and had a glance at'the Chief J ustics's in manuscript. 1 believe I understand and remember the principles on which the case was decided. The Cherokees, claiming to be a foreign state, filed '.heir bill in the Supreme Court, settfng forth numerous grounds of complaint against the state of Georgia, and prrying, among other tilings, that this state, her Governor, oiher officers, and all her citizens, should be perpetually enjoined from interfering, in any manner, with the lands within the Cherokee boundary; that the Cherokee nation should be declared a sovereign and independent state; that the laws of Georgia, claiming the exercise of jurisdiction over them, be declared null and void,! .:u 4i i i I and that the treaties with them should be carried into full force against the claims of Georgia. The Chief Justice, in a concise, but able opinion, declared it to be the judgment of a majority of the Court, that the injunction should be refused the hill dismissed. He admitted the Cherokee tribe of Indians to be a state having peculiar relations with the United States, but of what particular description, he did not define. lie contended that this Indian tribe was not i foreign stale or nation, within the meaning of the Constitution, and therefore the court, could not enttrtain original jurisdiction of the cause. II is reasoning on this point, 1 thought entirely conclusive. He insisted also that the matters of complaint set Li th in the bill, were wholly of a political character, therefore Lot pioper subjects lor judicial cognizance. On this ground, too, it was decided the court had no jurisdiction. This last piinci-

pie seems to preclude every inference attempted to be drawn from other parts of the opinion, that the court intimated that some other course, sustaining the Indians in their pretentions, could be taken, before other judicial tribunals, having complete original jurisdiction. Nor did 1 hear any thing said by either of the Judges, from which it could be justly inferred that, in their opinion, there was any mode by which theiiqhtsof these Indians, as individuals, to the lands claimed bv them, could be brought before the Supreme Court for adjudication. Judge Baldwin delivered a learned and very able oninion,in which he denied that the court had jurisdiction on any of the grounds set up. He contended that the Cherokee nation was not a foreign state; that it was not a state; &, that it had no political existence whatever. He traced the history of Indian affairs in this country from early times, showing in a lucid manner, that by no act of any of these states, or of the old Congress, or of the government of the United States under the present constitution, had any Indian tribe been

recognized as an independent state; that ithe right to the country occupied by them was ; mere right of occupancy ; and in tine the whole of his arguments and authorities wen to jastity the ,,u.ucu - relation to these Indiaus, and tosupport entirely the state of Georgia in her claim ot jurisdiction over them. j Judge Johnson gave an opinion, with j his usual ability, force and perspicuity, snewing again is nreat pood sense and prudence (from zchich he -eery sel dom departs) in all matters touching the rights of the states and the powers oi me general government, agreeing tit lilt 4 1 i -.- ulrtKiti' nf thn rniirf in f ) n 1 -f il. 1 2. 4 im luuuwjuuu ut iuu uuuii llitlt judgment pronounced, lie gave nis own reasons, which differed m some respects from those given by the Chief Justice, and by judge Baldwin. lie went further than the former, but not quite so far as the latter. He denied that the Cherokee nation was a foreign state. He acknowledged that the Indian tribes had some political existence, but contended that they were not states; that until the government recognized them as independent states, it was not in the power of the court so to recognize them. He argued that they never had teen thus recognized; and he contended that if the Cherokee nation was a foreign state, and this character alone could give them a right to sue in that court, then most surely the court had no jurisdiction over matters i transpiring and existing entirely ivithin lhe limits cf such a foreign state. This argument was considered happy, forcible, and indeed unanswerable. Judjie McLean nqreed in dismis?in;i lhe hill, but gave no written opinion. Judges Story and Thompson, were not present, but it l on every point. - said they dissented j unire i)irii ... , absent during the whole trial.

Thus has blown over a tremendous i CCi iaitl J ? inrone xvoulJ 00 storm, attempted to be got up for poli-1 ac'Ped lCr him, t ranee being unwiltical purposes, without the slightest i linS to have ' hifcrcnce with the

injury being done to the administra- j tion,orany of its friends. The whirl-1 wind rushes on those who raised it. If the Indians had been sustained by the court, the decision would have been proclaimed as a complete overthrow of the present administration. The court has decided in favor of the views of the executive, and the e fleet must be as beneficial now, as it would have been adverse to the President, had a ! contrary decision been given. Thi Indi'in ovritfrrpnt line Vrfn supported in Congress during the 1 whole of the two last sessions. It was a main reliance- for the opposition. And within a few days of the close of hnin Spinn. .v!,on h.ulnrw nr.ul I The kind feelings and sympathies of I ip nonn c. n favor of t in in an? nf fhosft ton. xhn l;nnv hiitlifflo nf In- ! dian character or temper, were relied on to destroy the President and every j member of Congress who voted for the i. ,i- t:ii luuian L1W. At last their designs have been who!ly frustrated by a decision of the Supreme Court, the tribunal on wliich j the opposition rely for the maintenance j of their federal principles. A war of I ; rwto.minritifn vrn5 tn hp wnwi1 hv ihn " T7nw .nhst tho d.,tP nfn.nnri, i , rtf cmio ;,iio rt;, j,i: i

hate on this question, of great length, ! f um nf 1 b 40,00f. expected. Amcrwas indulge! in, for fear it would cease fl' " l'0s'tol 2J- U' 'C tu.t f,t-., i.i licil and hi? Iritnds had plead fiuillv to

sovereignty, ind the president was to he j which should bring tlie new king to forced "into the measures by the Su-j 5 capitol, and this refusal has cast a preme Court and the excitement pro- j grat damp over every thirg. The duced in the public miud. If he did j people aie assembled in smalt knots ia not yield, he was lo be prostrated by j lhe palace Royal and the Park, disthiseitbrt. 'Ihosc politicians w ho ar- I cussing the fact, and willing to disberogate to thmisclves an exclusive tie-! h'eve it; but I have learnt from a memvotion to the Union, were willing to 1 Hp of congress that there is no doubt make war ona member of the Union, I f tne truth ot the non-acceptance. not for the sa:e cf the Indians, but fori There is a decided leaning whh many

political ends i he court has nipped iipp in the bud ths mad scheme of politi cal ambition. SiiJJSEY. March 1C, 1G31. FJisba Iotcl.k;s was e'ecred mayor at the late ekctiuu in Cacmnati.

Pure Gold. It is an old maxim, charished in the creed of republican faith, that the 'people not the 'king,' nor the 'aristocracy' but the 'people will do right.' In reading the recent correspondence which has grown out of the misunderstanding of the President and Vice President, the truth of this maxim is most forcibly brought heme. It is now no longer a question mooted and discussed whether general Jackson did right in prosecuting the Seminole campaign into the Spanish territories, but it has become a question of serious import to the political standing and reputation of our leading statesmen w ith the people, w hether or not they ever questioned it. The mere fact that Mr. Calhoun did so, at the time, seems likely to affect seiiously his reputation. Old Hickory like pure geld comes out of the fire of investigation more pure than ecr. His deeds past are proof against all assault; they abide, in the language of air. Adams, the test of humane scrutiny, of talents and cf time. Emp

We are gratified in being able to Indent, of PJicIjaii T. Williams, Qf tl -, cjf lo the olRce of Su... General" tor Ohio, Indiana and Michi rcrritorv in place of lhe announce tlie appointment, by tlia late gen. Wm. Lytic. This apnointment Wfi lloJdoubl wiU be' ' ved by a larqe proportion of the citi zens of the West; especially in Ohio, where the business, talents, and public services of Mr. Williams are best known. We feel confident that the duties of this important ollice will be discharged in a manner creditable to to the burvevor. advaiitairrnn in ih . . . j public interests, and to the general ! . - . . satislaction ct all having business with (ie 0fce vYctional Pap. City Bank of Aha York. A fellow who calls himself Edward Smith, alias Jones, about 34 years cf age, has been arrested at New York, having in his possession a trunk filled with bank notes to the amount of 105,733 dollars, of which the City bank was robbed. About CO,O0O dollars, including the gold, is yet missing; probably in the hands of ua accomplice, for whom a zealous search was making at Philadelphia. Smith or Jcnes, is an old and notorious ciTender, and as yet had refused to give any information as to the manner of the robbery. The money was returned to the bank. One account says that Smith is a nalive of South Carolina another thai he is an Englishman. Foreign SVevs We have some items of neus in Paris papers to the 9:a France was ouiet but Februarv. . . . i - i "V, I1Lr. Preparations tor i"iuurs, ton ci lajhis i iiiii.M)t', vtas eieciea King ct ! Belgium but it was altogether un- , l r"cs- "asquiciai nru?s, cc. except in the rejoicings of !!ie PC0P,C . 'e selc?on of king. Nothing specially woi thv of notice had yet happened in Poland the troops had marched to meet the advancing Russians, under count Deibitch. Poland has adopted the tri-colored cockade. A bomb was exploded in the centre of the palace in Rome, in which the cardinals were assembled no pope yet chosen, but much intrigue going on. lNoining special is reported trcm llxua; T lT mvsi1 l Charleston brings -dcu diilt 0, lbe 3lh February. ll 13 Proposed to lay a lax of Id. per lb. on ll COtfOO gOOu3 exported, but a Lt'lLl LUUl)". dB",Ds' ",c.mi . i r i . i xt JM"fc"" Jvv """"S important. Yt!cs Iterr"?. Brussels Fth. 8. The Temps and Journal des Deb its, which reached Brussels to-dat, staling lhe refusal of tlie throne oi liolgium bv Iv uis PhilPe anu" the Duke de Nemours have occasioned a great stir here. The Belgians had been much excited by the result of the elertior, and in all he shops of Bruges, Ghent and Brusseis. the picture of lhe Dllkfc dp Np. mours was to be sr-en. Four iUrr hnrs sh.n-s wppp rml-inc far ihn hn..e itWfru me i note ol Orange, oarhcuj laily among M:e trade-men and woikmcii. The fiiik ia! account of the ronaccenlanee will come to-morrow from the deputation. The papers t-peuk of warlike prepar aliuiia in Saii;.