Indiana Palladium, Volume 7, Number 8, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 26 February 1831 — Page 1

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DEMOTED TO NEIVS, POLITICS, INDUSTRY, MORALITY, LITERATURE, AND AMUSEMENT. Volume Vll.j LAWRENCEBURGH, (INDIANA ;) SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1331 Number 8;

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(B7 AUTHORITY. ) LAWS OP THE UNITED STATES, l'ASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION Or THE TWENTYFIRST CONGRESS. Public No. 15. AN ACT making provision for the compensation of witnesses, and payment of other expenses attending the trial of the impeachment of James H Peck. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, I nat to every witness summoned to attend the trial of the impeachment of James H. Peck, there shall be allowed and paid, for every day's attendance upon the eaid trial, the sum of four dollars; and also for mileage, at the rate of twenty cents for every mile distance coming to the city of Washington, and returning to the usual place of residence of the witnesses respectively, computing the Eaid distance by the U3ual route of travel by land. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Senate to ascertain and certify the amount due to each witness for attendance and mileage; which certificate shall be a sufficient voucher to entitle the witness to receive from the Treas ury of the United States the amount certified to be due, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That .to the Marshal of the District of Columbia there shall be allowed and paid, for every day's attendance upon the court of impeachment, during the 6aid trial, the sum of five dollars, the amount to be ascertained and certified by the Secretary of the Senate ; which certificate shall be a sufficient voucher to entitle the said Marshal to receive from the Treasury of the United States, the amount certified to be due, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That there shall be paid to the Marshal of the State of Missouri, the sum of fifty dollars, and to the Marshal of the Territory of Arkansas, the sum of five dollars, for serving and returning subpoenas for witnesses, issued by order of the said court. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That the sum of thirteen thousand five hundred dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to defray the expenses incurred under the provisions of this act, to be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. Andrew Stevenson, Speaker of the Home of Repreitntativet. John C. Calhoun, President of tlie Senate. Approved, February 3, 1831. ANDREW JACKSON. Public No. 1G. AN ACT to authorize the construction of three schooners for the naval service of the United States. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of liepresenlatives oj the United Stales of Jmerica in Congress assembled, 1 hat the President of the United States be, and be is hereby, authorized to cause to be built, equipped and employed in the naval service of the United States, tb ree schooners, not exceeding twelve guns each; and that the sum of eightyseven thousand three hundred and sixty dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying the foregoing provisions into effect. Approved, February 3, 1C31. A RESOLUTION in relation to the transmiseion of public documents printed by order of either House of Conerresa. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That nothing contained in the act to reduce into one the several acts establishing and regulating the Post-Olfice Department, approved March third, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, shail be construed to repeal or limit the operation of the act authorizing the transmission of certain documents free of postage, approved December nineteenth, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one. Approved, January 13, 1831. . Wood was selling in New-Yoik on the 25th ult. at 2 25 to 5 75 a load: charcoal 50 cents a tub.

SUGAR MAKING. Louisiana, December 1830. I have picked up among the planters a very little knowledge of sugarmaking, of which I propose to give you a "condensed extract." The cane planted in this country is of three kinds the Creole, (which is the best) the Ribbon, and the Otaheitian. The land is ploughed, and the cane planted in what are called drills or hills of the whole length of the field, the gutter between being of the width of the plough. This is done as soon as possible after the crop is off, generally in January and February. It is tended, hoed, and weeded with great care for a few months, until it becomes too thick to admit of walking amongst it. The slaves are then employed in getting the wood necessary for the manufacture, or in making hogsheads, until the cane is ripe, which is about the first of November, It is then from five to ten feet in height, (sometimes fifteen, but not commonly.) The fields have then an appearance not unlike extensive corn fields. The leaves do not grow within four or five feet of the ground. All hands are then turned out with cleavers, or short knives, to cut the cane. They strike as near the ground as possible, for there is more juice near the root, and cut off the top near the leaves. It requires no preparation for the mill. The cane passes between three cylenders which mash it entirely, extracting the juice which drops into a reservoir upon one side, while the broken cane falls on the other. The juice is of a fine cream color. It

is boiled m four large kettles, which are fixed over a furnace, being dipped from one to the other, and all extraneous matter being skimmed off during the process of boiling and evaporation. In the fourth boiler the good sugar is of a light straw color. From this it runs into the coolers, holding a hogshead or more each, from whence in a few hours it i3 ready to be put in hogsheads. These stand in what is called the Purgerie, upon a false bottom, or upon beams, over large vats, which receive the molasses. In ten days or a fortnight from the time the cane is cut, the sugar is sufficiently drained to be shipped. The whole process is very simple although I fear the description is not very plain. From eight to ten hogsheads are generally made in a day, and these at five cents a pound, are worth 50 each. Upon 6ome plan tations nine hundred or a thousand hogsheads are made in a year. The Sugar Planters here raise no thing else. They purchase all their corn, beaf, pork, rice, cattle, &c. so that, although their profits may be great, the expenses of even a moderate sized plantation are very considerable. Slaves are worth from five to seven hundred and even a thousand dollars each. It is necessary to have on every plantation a sugar boiler, one or more overseers, and a negro driver. Patent Bedstead. A patent; bedstead has been invented in Newport, N. H. It is so constructed that a child, by turning a crank near the head of the bed, can raise a person to any elevation between a horizontal and sitting posture, and there is a machinery attached to it, so that a person with the exertion of very little strength, can rise himself. The principle can be applied to the common bedstead at a very trifling expense. Mortality amono pensioners. It appears by a report from the pension office, that the list of U. States pensioners has been diminished during the past year by the death of 457. Of these 93 belonged to this state and 5G to Massachusetts. N. Y. Constellation. CIRCULAR. To the Voters oj the Third Congressional District. Gentlemen: Having been announced with my consent, a candidate to repre sent this district in the next Congress; I avail myself of this mode of communicating to you my sentimeuts on some subjects, which perhaps may influence your minds in the approaching canvass. I consider myself a republican of that political school, whose doctrines inculcate, that the general diffusion of knowledge amongst the people, by means of an efiicient system ot education, is essential to their happiness and highly important to the security of our free institutions. That all power is vested by this government in the people That the Constitutiou of the Uni

ted States is the magna charta of their will. That the General and State Governments should act strictly within their Constitutional limits. That ample powers have been confered upon Congress, by the Constitution, to fully carry iuto effect the great purposes for which our present form of Government wa9 established. That the free and unrestrained elective franchise, is one of the main pillars on which our liberties rest. That as all men have a right to "worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences:" So each legal elector has a right to vote his sentiments at the polls; for which he is accountable to no human tribunal whatever. That as the people have to bear the burdens of government they of right control its operations, and direct its movements, in the manner they may think best calculated to promote their individual, and national happiness. That the press should be suffered to atand upon the watch-tower of the liberties of the people, unbiased by the fear of proscription or the hopes of reward. That the President of the United States should not be eligible to be elected a second time to that office. That members of Congress should be ineligible to receive any office within the gift of the President. That the House of Representatives should in no event elect a President, but that officer should be elected by a direct vote of the people. That the National Debt should be extinguished as fast as it is redeemable. That the will of the representative should be subservient to the instruction of his constituents on all questions of expediency. That rotation in office, regardless of party, is not only in strict accordance with the republican principles of equality and a fair distribution of the "loaves and fishes," but necessary to insure a healthy discharge of duty, and a strict accountability, on the part of the officers of government. That candidates for office should stand upon their own merits, and not upon the popularity or unpopularity of others. These are some of my sentiments. I will however proceed to remark on

some other subjects more at large. I have no desire to conceal one sentiment of my mind: as it must be obvious to all,thatthe peopleshould be acquainted with the talents, qualifications, integri ty, political sentiments, private and public character, of the candidates; to enable them to act advisedly at the polls. It is in part to give you this in formation, so far as I am concerned, that this Circular ia written. Then let me say, that I consider the perpetuity of thi9 Union of the first and last importance to the people of thi3 great republic. With a population of thirteen millions of freemen, secured in the enjoy ment of perfect religious and civil lib. erty, and in the possession of a greater share of blessings, and a larger proportion of happiness, than has ever before fallen to the lot of man; we may confi dently rely upon our own strength so long as we are united, against all possible external violence. But should internal corruption, or personal ambition, sow the 6eeds of discord and disunion amongst the people, until they shall in the frenzy of the moment cut the Gordian Knot of this republic; then must we fall like the ancient republics; and like them fall to rise no more. The internal improvement of the Country by the General Government, I believe not only to be authorized by the Constitution, but greatly beneficial to the nation, and especially to the interior west. I am well satisfied that the prosperity of this section of the Country depends greatly on a continuance of the exercise of the power of improving our internal condition by the general government. From a recent report of the Secretary of the Treasury it appears, that since the adoption of the present constitution, there has been expended 5,310,930 in the building of peers, preservation of ports and harbors, removing obstructions in rivers, and making roads. While in the same period there has been expended on the items of fortifications and light-houses alone, principally confined to the waters of the Atlantic, the sum of$lG,709,355. These facts it seems to me ought to satisfy every western man at least, of the consequences of abandoning internal impro ements. The benefits of a public Treasury would never reach us if we were to abandon the only object for which we can call for the aid of government. Whilst I would exempt from duty the foreign articles which enter into the daily and necessary consumption.

of the people, and which either cannot be produced in the United States, or if produced, not sufficiently to meet the demand: I would protect the industry of our own Citizens by an effective tariffof duties on articles of foreign manufacture, or the product of a foreign soil ; not of the above description. I have no constitutional scruples on this subject; nor do I fear a monopoly on the part of the manufacturer, so long as the domestic competition is left free to combat any disposition to impose on the consumer. I would always give the industry of my own country the preference. I am happy to see that the Cumberland road is viewed in tho proper light as standing upon the compacts; while this is the case, whatever objections there may be to other works of internal improvement, wo may hope to see annual appropriations to that most important work, insuring its advancement to completion as rapidly as the nature of the work will admit of. No exertions on my part shall be wanting if elected, to further your iuterest on that subject. A Turnpike road from Lawrenceburgh to Fort Wayne, appeared to me when honored with your confidence before, as being a work which would greatly benefit a large portion of the district. In obedience to what I believed to be my duty, I presented to Congress the subject of making a donation of land to enable us to construct this road; and a bill was reported to the house making the requisite grant. But my time expired before it was reached on the orders of the day. If elected I shall feel disposed to renew this subject ; and by a fair exposition of the fact3 in connexion with it, I shall hope for a favorable result. The Indian question is one with which I am 6omewhat acquainted; having served two Sessions on the Committee on Indian affairs. I wa3 theD, from a view of the whole subject, as I now am, in favor of the Colouization of that unfortunate people beyond the States and

Territories. But I would oppose all compulsory means of procuring their removal: as 1 would any measures vio latory of our treaties with them. The constitutionality of the Bank of the United States, and the expediencv of renewing its charter, ore becoming fruitful subjects of political speculation. 1 have no disposition to avoid a direct opinion on these questions. I believe that institution to be of immense value to the Nation. Amongst other benefits resulting from the Bank, it adds greatly to the security of the revenue. It confines the local banks in the issue of their paper to their means of payment. Itfu rnishes to the farmer, mechanic, manufacturer, and merchant a light, safe and uniform circulating medium; in a word it is the only paper currency upon which we can rely to answer the purpose of tho precious metals in every part of the country. The lesson taught us by the local bank paper which appeared, and vanished, a few years ago in this state, will long be remembered by all; and especially by those, who deposited specie in the vaults of the insolvent banks; or were the holders of its depreciated notes. Let any candid man contrast the present uuiform aafe and wholesome circulating medium with the trash to which I allude; and conviction must follow of the expediency of re-charter ing that valuable institution when its present charter shall expire. Nor does the Constitution in my opinion present any obsticle to that result. I would however restrict it so far as to prohibit it from holding real estate, except for banking purposes, longer than such real property could be disposed of, so as to fully indemnify the bank for the debts for which it was taken. I have understood that a report is in circulation, that I am attempting to excue um umwnasouic question. I know not for what purpose this report has been circulated; unless it was to prejudice some of my political and personal friends, who are members of that ancient institution, against me. Beit as it may, 1 wish to set the matter right. It is true that I am no mason, yet I utterly disclaim any attempt, or desire, to procure votes on that question. A question, like many others of the same family, that has been made subservient to tho political and aspiring ambition of many a demagogue, who wanted merits to recommend him to the people. I disclaim that, ns I do all other hobbies; they may possibly serve to blind the people, and get a man into office who is unworthy of tliu fetation;

but they never conferred on the candidate qualifications, talents, integrity, industry or principles. Ride what horse you may to Congress you must dismount at the door. Let me stand upon my merits, or let me fall. I have thus fellow citizens candidly given you my sentiments, on some of tho cardinal questions of interest to the Country. I regret however, that tho limits of an ordinary circular too much circumscribes the exposition of my views on the subjects which I have touched; and entirely excludes many other subjects which I bad intended to have presented to you. The same de termination on my part, that has prompted the above remarks, requires at my hands a candid statement of my former, present, and intended future, course on the presidential question. I wish no man to be deceived in my sentiments on this question. I have nothing to conceal. Then let me say$ that I have voted twice for Electors ia this State. The first time 1 voted for Mr. Clay; and the last time for Mr. Ad ams. I supported the late administration, not because I expected to derive any personal benefit form if, other than in common with the rest of you in the general prosperity of the country; but because I saw, as a western man, that the policy for which I had been for years the advocate, and which I believed to be identified with the lasting prosperity of the West, received its special countenance and regard. For the same reason I voted for Mr. Clay at tho former election, and expect to vote for him at the polls at the next election should he be a candidate. This is my private right; which cannot bo surrendered, even could I succeed by acclamation in my election, by so doing But should the contingencies happen requiring my vote as your representative on that question; I will be governed by my constituents; this vote would of right belong to you: while the other belongs exclusively to myself. Yet I wish it to be distinctly understood that 1 am no party candidate. Living as we do in the same section of country governed by the same laws, and bound together by ties the most endearing; our interest is most assuredly the same ; whether we vote for General Jacksonf Mr. Clay or any other person for president. Aud should I be elected I pledge myself to be governed by the merits of the question presented, whatever may be the views of the administration. I will support or oppose the Tneaaures, not the men, who may recommend or oppose them. It therefore there are any of the voters of this district who have resolved, to support, or oppose this administration and all it3 acts, right or wrong, they ought not to vote for me: for I never will consent to pin the interest of ray constituents, my own sentiments, and my oath of office, to the sleeve of any administration. Nor will I ever oppose the iuterest of my Country, or retard her prosperity, because the man of my choice is not at tho helm. In conclusion, I assure you, that from

my brief experience, I am fully sensible of the responsibility of the station of a representative in congress. And on this occasion, I feel happy in knowI it a I a. 1 , - m ii:g, tuai i wus not an luie spectator oi tho business of the house during the two sessions which 1 represented you: and that a sufficient time has elapsed since I acted us your representative, to have enabled you to determine, wheth er I faithfully represented your inter est; and whether, judging of the future, by the past, you can again safely confide to me, the important trust of re presenting you. Writh my talents, in formation, integrity, industry and zeal, in the discharge of my public duties, whether professional, or legislative; and with my private and public character, the most of your are acquainted. Should I again be your choice you may rest assured that I will do all in my power, to represent you faithfully, and to keep you advised from time to time, of the proceedings of Congress regardless of your political sentiments. If elected 1 will be the representative of the district and not merely of a party. I shall avail myself of suitable opportunities of addressing you publicly; when I will endeavor to supply the deficiencies of this Circular; by giving you my sentimeuts more at large. Accept fellow citizens my grateful acknowledgments & unfeigned thanks, for the many evidences I have received of your confidence and regard; aud whilst I await the approaching election, with the solicitude, and probably op poeitior, ccu.iiiou to candidates, I