Indiana Palladium, Volume 6, Number 34, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 28 August 1830 — Page 2

founded on the amount -of capital which the mAnufacturersbad embarked in the business. They bad returned this capiUl at upwards of three millions of dollars-but when you coov, to analyse the 'particulars of this imposing sum, (wo millions of it ate found to be taken up with wooden vats, and their scantling roofs, which are in a stale of daily deterioration, and must rot ij a few years, whether used or not. Sich items could not be counted as c jpital, unless when new, or nearly so; and it is not lo be presumed that any niw works have been erected since the problem .of paying the pubhc debt has been discussed and solved; avd a great reduction of taxes looked to a)a consequence of that event. A lother portion of the capital was in kettle?, also a perishable item, to which the same remirk extends as to the wooden vuts. A third lnrg item in the estimate of capital is a grat number of wells ain't furnaces left to stand idle on purpose, in order to m ike less salt and demand higher prices for it. D -ducting all Itiese items or so much of each as ought to be deducted, and it would probably turn out that the boasted capital in these works did not exceed the amount of one year's tax upon the peopte to keep them u. Tnat tax ha? been shewn to be for 1823. $1 200 COO of direct duty; merchants pi-fit upon that sum at the r ite of 50 p r ce'it. m .king COO 000 dollar; and 450,000 dollars more for the loss of 30 Ins. m every bushel. In all two millions and a quarter of p1 dl trs. Toe real capital, in all human probability does not reach that sum. The capital t be effcted by the repeal of the duty cannot be the one half of it ; far all the interior works, all thoe in upper Pennsylvania, Western Virginia, in O ji , in Kenluck), Indiana, Illinois and Missouri, are beyond the reach of foreign salt, except at an advance of 2 oi 300 per cent, upon ila cost. They are protected without a tariff", by locality, by distance, and by the exposes of tranprtin foreign salt into the fairand legitimate sphere of their supply and consumption. Doubtless it would be better for the consumers to buy all the works, and stop ihem,than to go on paying the present enormous dutv, and its accumulated border s, to keep th m up. B it this alternative cannot be necessary. The people cannot be drivi-n to this resort. After reducing the duties on tea, collie, wines and chocolate, ihe duty upon salt must fall. The American system cannot keep it up. It canDot continue to tax the first necessary of life, after untaxing its luxuries The duty waj repealed in toto. under the administration of Mr. J hVfson. The probable -xtinriion of the public debt enabled the G s rnment at that time to dispense with cei tain tax and salt, took precedence then to tea, coffee chocolate and wine. It cannot be necessary heie to dilate up.n the uses of salr ; but in repealing that duty in England, it was thought worthy of notice that salt w;i8 necessary to the health, growth, and fatteni.g of hogs, cattle, sheep atid horses; that it was a preservative ot hay and clover, and restored mouldy and flooded hay to its good and wholesome siu.-; und 'made even straw and chafl available as food for cattle. The domestic salt makers need not speak of protection ugir.st alum salt. No quantity of duty will keep it out. The people must have it for the provi

sion trade; and thn duly upon that kind ' of salt is a grievious burden upon then), without being of the least advantage to the salt makers. Mi. B. said it was an argument in favor of keeping up these duties, that in time of war we should have to depend upon the home supply. H-said we ha:i no war at present, nor-any prospect of one, and lhat it was neiih r wise nor beneficial to anticipate,- and inflict upon ourselves beforehand, ihe calamitiesof tha S ate. " Sufficient for the day is ths evil thereof:'' When the war coup's we wilUee about the price: in the mean while the cheaper we get it not? the higher we shall be able to pay for it then. Bat he did not admit the argument. The m-cking of salt was a plain and easy business. It required no skill or experience. If a part cf the works stop when the price becomes low, they will start again the day it rises. If the whole were stopped now they would all be in full operation in the Got few months of war. Besides many works were stopped now. On the Keehruva 24 furnaces, capable of makii.g 400,000 bushels per annum, are returned by the owners as idle. On the Ilnlston only one well is worked, making 500 bushels a day, when 10.000 could be made. At many other places a part of the works are stopped, and for the purpose of making a less quantity and getting a hijhrr price. If he owners thus stop their works for their private advantage, they must not complain if the interest of the people should r quire more of them to stop. Mr. D. said there was no argument which ct-uld be used here in favor ot continuing this duty which was not need in vain, in England; and many were used there of much real forte

which canncl be fried here. The American system, by name, was not impressed into the service of the tax there, bat its doctrines were; and he read h part of the report of the committee on salt duties, in 1S17, to prove i!. ft was the statement of the agent of the British salt manufacturers, Mr. William iiorne, who was sworn arid examined a a witnes?. He sail: "I will commence by referring to the evidence I gave upon the subj ect of rock salt, in order to establish the presumption of the national importance of the sal! trade arising from the large extent of Bii'ish capital rmployf d in the trade, and the considerable number of persona dependent upon it for support. I, at the same lime, slated that the salt trade was in a very depressed state and that it continued to fall IF. 1 think it cannot be doubted, that the salt trade, in common with all staple British manufactures is entitled to the protection of government; and the British manufactures of Salt consider that, in common w ith other manufactures of this country, they are entitled to such protection, in particular h'om a competition at home with foreign manufactures; and in consequence Ihey hope to see a prohibitory duty on foreign salt. Such was the petition cf the British manufacturers. They tiiged the amount of ihur capital, toe depressed stale of their business, the number of persons dependent upon it for support, the duty of the government to protect it, the necessity for a prohibitory duty on foreign salt, and the fact that they were making more than the country could consume. The ministry backed them with a rail for the continuance of the revenue j one million five hundred thousand pounds sterling, derived from the fall tax; and with a threat to lay that amount upon something else if it was taken t fTof salt.- All would not do. Mr. Calciiaft, and his fiimds appealed o Ihe RICHTs and INTERESTS of ihe people, as ov. 1 1 uling cood Je rations in questions of taxation. They denounced the tax itself as little leu than impiety, and an atlar k upon the goodness and w isdom of God, w ho had filled the bowels ot the earth, and waves cf the ea, with salt for the use and blessing of m:i, and to whom it was denied, its ue clogged and fettered, by odious and abominable taxeF. They demanded the whole repeal; and when the minis try and Ihe manufacturers, overpowered by tho voice of the people, offered to give up three fourths of the tax, they bravely resisted the proposition, stood out for total-repeal, and tarried it. Mr. B could not duubt a like result here, atd loukt-d forward, with wfi'iite satisfaction, lo the era of a free thads io salt. Tha first t tJVel of sucu a irede would be to reduce the price of alum salt, at the import cite9, to eight or nine cents a bushel 1 hft sreood trTet would b to get rid of the fa riff rendition, which substituted weight fur measure, and a return to the measured bushel of 80 lb3 instead of the weighed one of CO The third tSf ct would be to establish a great trade, earned on b barter, between the inhabitants of the United sutes and the people cf the countries which produce alum salt, to the ioftnte advantMgn nd comfort of both parses. He examined the operation of this bzrter at New Orleans. He aiid this pure anJ superior salt, made entirely by solar evaporation, canrir froai countries which were deficient in the articles of food, in wl ich the West abounded. It came from tho e6t ladies, from the coasts of Spain and I'ortugal, and from places in the Mediterranean; all of which are at this time consuruerg of American provisions, and take from oa beef, pork, com, corn meal, fbur, rice, potetoB. 8tc Their salt coats them almost nothing. It is made on the sea beach by the power cf the sun, with Jitde cure and aid from man. It is brought to the United States as ballast, costing nothing for the traus porlatim across the sea. 'I he duty alone prevents it from coming to the United vStates in the roost unbounded quantity. Remove the duty, er.d the trade would he prodigious A hushel cf corn is worth more than a each of Srtlt, to the half starved people to whom the sea and the sun gives as much of this salt a they will rake up and pack away. The levee at New Orleans would be covred; the ware hcusea would be crammed with salt; the barter trade would become extensive end universal, if this odicus duty was suppressed: a bushel of corn, or of potatoes a few pounds ofbutfer. or a few pounds of beef or pork, would purchase a Pick of sab; the steam boats would bring it op for a trfl: and all the up per btdtes of the Great Valley where salt is so scarce, so dear, and so ind spensable for rearing stocli and curing provision, in addition to all i's obvious U3es, would be cheaply and abundantly supplied with that article. Mr. 13. concluded with saying, that, next to the reduction of the price of public lands, and the free use of the earth for labor and cultivation, ha considered the abolition of the salt tax, and a free trade in foreign salt, as the greatest blessing which the Federal

Congress could now bestow upon the people of tho West Illinois Election By indisputable authority we learn th:t Judge Rey nolds has been elected Governor of Illinois by a considerable majority over the Rev. Mr. Kixnev. Reynold and Kinney both professed to be Jackson men, and during the canvass, therp wa no little strife between them which had the best claims to the character of friend to the present administration. Ind. Democrat,

COMMUMCd'lOAS.

Mr, Culhy: I have read a few of the last numbers of the ''Western States man with attention; ar.d but for a Ion" acquaintance with the senior editor, I I should have read them with surprise. I have heard ol sameness, and want of variety, in countries; cf sameness in description in history ar.d novels; I have heard of monotony in a public speaker; of a baircn country; of a barren mind; arid of a barren newspaper: still, in each some sl'ght tho' gentle variations cou'd be found, But the senior editor of the the Statesman has furnished the world with an exception to all thin. It is all sameness, all monotony, without the least variety. The fenior editor out Herod's mi ancient lover, for he tho' all for the bottle, was a Utile for love; and is only to he matched by the old woman, whom the king giatified w ith tw o w ishes. The first w as, as much snulf 'as &he wanted The second, a little more snuff. So with the senior editor; he is all for Clay, all for veto, all veto,all Clay ; and when asked what else, replies a little more veto on Clay. Like the troubled jihost of Banquo," they are alw ays present. Why slumbers the junior editor? j or is he kept behind the cenc, and , when least expected, to be thrown j upon us, like a show er of ''coffin handbills. ' He is said to be a gentleman of j much editorial talent. If so a slight j etJort w ould break the dull scene, and change the sleeping prospect into varie. j t) beauty, and interesting grandeur: at j least, he could change the source, and repeat with as much eae and familiarity the word potato, as the senior editor could Clay and veto. Why suifer his lank, lean, partner to wield the editori al department, whose blood, vocal and musical powers, He in the medium between either extreme? Away with such an editor. He is not only "nameless,'' but senseless. Junius. We deem it proper to remark upon the above, that the w riter, in our opinion, is in error when he attributes all the original matter in the Statesman, to the pen of the senior editor. We claim to have some knowledge of the business habits of Mr. Gregg, and should feel very backward in attributing to him i even an equal portion of Ihe editorial labors with Mr. Dowling. Indeed, we are certain that unless goaded on by pinching necessity, or aroused by a sense of feeling, (common to all grovelling animals,) he rarely ever moves or acts content that the world shall wag on in its own way, if he but only can eijoy ease and a portion of its sweets, secured by the industry of others. KXAMlMUU No V. Amng (he tnnny calamities, originating from unconstitutional sd3 by unconstitulion.il of fi.-es. there is r t any clr.ss or'riiieng that it will proVbly fall harder on, ilnn the Consta bUs They are penprallv :n-n of honest and jijdi"irus behaviour; pursuing a course of Ju?j hat tfv y think v01 oear tiie rnop s i iitinizn.g mspecii n. Thry have th'te o' j c3 in view, vi . honor the otlice not i? jure Ihrosilv- s & do justice to all parties V hat will be the fa'e of u constable, "ho thfc.es m execution freni a ni 8 j r t rule, wl o has v--caterl hisofT'ce by h rally ( Ti i a f ! r pj- in an thrr ofa e, and by the supposed vir'ur of salt ' Xtv ution, levies on pro prrty. and tfoea thtough all the firms of Uw; nu's th? property under the lummT Bnd knocks it off to the high' st bidder? The d-ft-rulart discovers that the whole process is unlawful, and a mere act of usurpation, prose. c.ue3 'he cons' hle fr his property anil damaPfCfj und complains of him btfor thr prand juv, I una he is indicted rur usurpation and unlawful j pro cerdirg?. j O cns' ;blp, beware cf your cranial acts; be positive ihntyour precepts and law instru men's rome frorr. legl and proper authority; bk? rn unconstitutional bu6nf ss. even from douMful officers, and avoid trouble When nei'her obligations nor honor will bind mn to their duty, we have a prelude to un-rihtf-ouinf ss and depenerscv. ''When the wi ked rule, the land mourns M Constitutions avai-eth not hin, rjnless we pay a strict St rijrid 'omplianre to their ir junctions; o'herwise they are a dead letter. In all countrif s, vhere the ofh e of a magistrate, 13 converted into a machine to procure a livelihood to its possessor, it has ninety. nine timrs of a hundred, been one of ihe greatest curses that ever th? human family lay under; but where thp rfhcp was solely used to keep the peace, and transact business if actual necessity, it was a ble?8'u g, tint cruld not be v?ry weli diepen d with. Look to our sister State Kentucky, there we see a beautiful sample; there the : justices have very little or no ft es; there the ma:is'ratf8 procure their living independent of their cflir.es; there the magistrates do not go from store to store, and from creditor to credi tor, to collect notf s and accounts of al) des. cripiinns, to grind in their magistrates i ffi e for the fees. When they collect monies for creditors it i3 from actual necessity and not for fees. Frllow citizens, took at this, and put your hands cn your bear's and rtfl.'Ct on the misery, wirke'tifssf and destruction of those single justice 's law marhioe courts, for making money and supporting families. Does not the evil call for sum-thing to be done to remove the iniquity ? Yes, ft Hew c it if ns, you have the power within your own reach, uhy not usp it? Instruct yoar representatives to repeal all those acts giving fes to justices of the peace, ami reduce the constables fees, ilso; so that both will serk Hipport by other means, and the evil in a grpat measure will cease. MkVe some smsll compensation to the justices independent ofthe parties nt law; say, lor instance, give 'he oldfs' justice in the county the Sheriff s ofTice for one or two years, ami let thm rise by seniority, and let the 2 oldest mag s'rkte hold the treasurer's office the sme term of tinis with the sUsii'', and so cn allcrnsiely.

Pcib8psyou will tl.irkull rey suggestion tre out of order, as the cons'itutmn nuk a provis iona for electing- ib r lis. You well know, ai sutrd timts, iht cLuse could be altered, but the ffcts could Le regulated ts to restore a regular svsttm of justice, divested ihe pre sent great evil nt'nugistrtU-s, setk'ng employ irunt in their ,fli;es lor the fees. Examiner. WHAT IS FEDERALISM? The Somerset (Maine) Republican,

j in replying to the question, nhnt cvnsluuics a jcatrausi i among a variety ot other well digested facts, enumerates the following evidences of federalism, monocracy, or national republicanism, which are only various names for the same thing. 'That man who is continually a m plaining that the power ol the people ; and the individual states is gaining the I ascendency over the general govern ment is a federalist, let him call himself! j by what appellation he pleases, so far , as this principle of government is con cerned. He who advocates those measures which tend to build up one class of citizens at the expense of another, therebv favoring generally the few to the injui v of the many, creatine monopolies and building up what the elder Adams called "the natural nobility of the country," co far as this principle goes, is a feder alisU That man who would stretch our constitution, under the pretence cf "providing tor the national w elfare,"1 to ' a make appropriations from the Treasu ry for making internal improvements in roads and canals, ice. in the present 1 unequal and expensive mode, is so far (a federalist. And the man who advocates all these and every other project ! for strengthening the arm and increas ing the power of tho general govern - ment, is not only a federalist but has the mark of an aristocrat of the first water. Those who hold doctrines the reverse of these in any age or country are democratic in their sentiments. The -Jnkson Central Committee of Mar) land was reorganized at Baltimore on the 24th ult. b) the appointment ofotliceis; among other resolutions thev adopted the following: Rcsolied) That the friends of Gener al Jackson find themselves reduced to i Ihe alternative 0$ pouin embarking in a political rontesfy or at surrendering their principle to a party now distinctly orI gauized, to erect itself upon the fair tame oflthe ir.nn who has idled the inea- . Kire cfhia coantrj's glory," and that they feel it to be their solemn duty to rally around the administration ol the people's choice." uResoheUi That a committee be appointed by the chairman, to prepare an address to the people of Maryland, upon the fooject of the foregoing resolutions." These examples of timely and vigilant preparations for the contest that is approaching are salutary, and ought not to lose their tSVecl. It is time to be on the lookout. The opposite party U raiding at eveiy point. Let us be fully prepared for them give them Jackson play, a jenuine New Oilcans route, ouce muie. The last Resort, The w orshippers cf Mr. Clay ate Using every stratagtm to impress a belief upon the public mind that he is supported by the fanners and mechanics of the countr). the work, ing men, the bone and nnew of the land. For this purpose dimifrs are got up, hearing the false inscription of "the Farmers and Mechanic p,M when, in 'ruth they are composed of Judges, Lawyers, Doctor?, &c. while the working men, who, by the by, are not man worshippers, are at-home on their farms, or in their woik shops, attending to their respective avocations. But now is the important crisis. Mr. Clay is looked up to as the last hope of an expiring of opposition. His dinner speeches roust be viewed writh an eye c.i contempt by?evcry honest man, and friend of his country. His whole object is to heap calumny upon the head of the Chief Magistrate of this happy nation, and to tear the never fading laurels from the brow of the Hero of New Oi leans. But those slanders, like his vile opposition to Gen. Jackson on the Seminole question, will recoil upon his own head. Indicniaru In the coalition papers we notice two publications which may pass for forgeries one a letter purporting to be written by Mr. Jefferson, praising Mr. Clay to the skies the other a piece from the Long Mand Star, giving reasons why the editor has forsaken the Jackson party, when it is will known that he always was a violent Adams man, and has come out merely to injure the Jackson Party, by a Yankee trick. Mr. Jc Hereon according to his grand son's account always conviderPl) .Mr. Clay as a showy orator, without either political information or sound judgement acquired from experience. Jluskingum Jlesscnger, Population' of A'iiskiille, 'Jhincssce. White males 2006, do. females 1 54 0 ; slaves 1800, free cdored persons 0-1. Total VCC.

CELEBRATED BANKERS. The subjoined interesting account of the celebrated bankers lluthscluldsl? translated from the Geirnan Conversations Lexicon: Mayer Anselm Rothschild, the fathfr of the live Rothschilds of Europe, was born at FraLkfoi t upon theiMay n, A. D. 1743. His parents, who died when hu was in his 1 lih y ear, were devoted people, who discovered in their son eady tokens of remarlable capacity, and directed all their attention to giving him a good education. Being destined to literary pursuits, he used great diligence in acquiring the sciences which were taught at the school of Forth, ai.d after some years returned lo his native place. Here he obtained a familiarity w ith antiques, and old coins. This was not oi ly, in its results, productive of many important connexions, but a source of no inconsiderable emolument. As he had also become veritd in the accomplishments of the acce untant, he received vaticus e fle rs of important posts;. He accepted one of these in

! Hanover, and was there for many years ! the rnanag r of a rich banking house. On his return to Frankfort he marriedi and tstablised upon a small capital, tha fruit ot his industry and economy, the banking house which is still in operation. In a short time his skill, and the tiied correctness of his principled, acquired for him the confidence cf dtstin?hed houses; he held important com missions; Ms err (lit and Ms tortur e increased. His sphere of operation wa3 greatly c x ended by the patronage of the Landgrave, afterwards the e le ctor of Hesse, who became acquainted with j nis al,d .meri, fist b the purchase of some ancient coirs, and afterwards drscovered his worth by other means as a trusty and useful agent. IL appuinlefj Rothschild Curf agent in 1C01, in which post he found his services o impoitant, that as lot g as lie lived, he never ceased to give him li kens of good will and coi fidnnce. It wns during this period, 1C02, 1803 and 1804, that he negotiated the fust loan contracted for by his house with the court of Denmark to the amount of ten millions. Rothschild was prized by the citiens of Frankfort. The Grard Duke who, as is well known, had conferred upon the Jews the full ei joj ment cf civil and polical right?, called him to a seat in the electoral college; a distinction by which this Prince, in a special manner evinced his wish to reward Rothschild for the many favors which he had communicated to his fallow-citizens in time of distress. In 1812 he was taken from his family by death, after he had blessed his ten childrer, and c i joined upon the five sons in particular, the command of inviolable unity and infection. And never has a paternal legacy been mort? fully or conscientiously discharged. It is a singular trait in the character of this family, that alt its members appear to hike counsel of the shade of their father, in every important utTaii often mention him in discourse, rccal his maxims of ptudence ai d experience, and never breathe his name without veneration. In 1313 occurred these political events which introduced the house of Rothschild, by an unbroken series of cash ar.d credit negotiations, to that rnr k in the commercial and financial affairs of Europe which it now ei joys. Within the period of twelve yeais the amount of money raised through the medium of this house by different sovereigns of Europe, has been between eleven and twelve hundred milhor 3 of Gulden; of which about 00 millions have been taken up by England, 120 by Austria, 100 by Prusria, 200 b) France, 120 by Naples, CO by Russia, 10 for certain German courts,and 30 for Brazil. The question how the house, of Rothschild could undertake and complete euch vast negotiations within such a liine has puzzled more than one 1 merchant ile and political bend. Two principles have regulated all their operations. The first was the determination cf the five brothers to ccnducC their w hole concerns in ccrcmcn. This was the rule which was left them by iheir d)ing father- Since his death e very proposition, frcm whatever quarter, has been made the subject of their joint deliberation. The other principle upon w hich they have acted is to conduct no speculation with a view to exorbitant gain; to define the limits of tvey enterprise, and so far as human skill and foresight can reach, to leave nothing to mere chance. There are now living slnsshn, the eldest brother, born June 12," 1771, principal of the Frankfort house; the second Solomon, born Stpt. 9, 1 77C, alternately residing at Beilin & Vienna, 1 u' chiefly iit the latter city ; tho third, Jathan9 was born Sept. IG, 1 777, a man who, by his acutenoss in finance, and important services, has acquired the cci.fidence of ihe fust British statesmen, and has lived in London, since 1703; the faurth, Charles, born April 23, 17SS, residing i at Naples since 1812; the youngest, Jacob, born May 15, 1792, residing at Paris, JWorning Journal, Population of Yicksburgh Miss. 91!.