Indiana Palladium, Volume 5, Number 50, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 19 December 1829 — Page 1

EQUALITY OF RIGHTS IS NATURE'S PLAN AND FOLLOWING NATRUE IS THE MARCH OF MAN. Balow. Volume V. LAWRENCEBURGH, INDIANA; SATURDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1829. Number 50.

From the Indiana State Gazette. GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. . Gentlemen of the Senate, and House of Representatives : The occasion on which you are assembled, as the representatives of the people, for solemn and patriotic deliberation, upon the great concerns of the state, is most auspicious and interestiAi. Pro

tected and prospered by the goouness of xrovidence, which has been eminently displayed during the past year, our zsgrateful and flevout acknowledgements

V-fehouid be offered to the Divine Giver of

the manifold favors bestowej on us. The many blessings which have been dispensed to the people of Indiana, in common with those of her sister states, should inspire us with a solemn sense of the great and joint responsibility thus enjoined upon us, to improve on our numerous advantages; while we venerate the Vq wer that bestows them, as the only condition on which we can hope for a continuance of bis emiles and favor. Healthful seasons, abundant harvests with peace, general prosperity, and a growing morality, are the displays of his goodness; which, while they demand our mutual, fervent gratulation, and remembrance for the past, serve to brighten our prospects of the future, and Xmpose the duties of activity and diligence, as the surest means of being enabled, under the diviner blessing, to realise its fondest anticipations. The unabated current of emigration, tthich still continues to flow into the state, and to spread itself throughout the limits of ourjerritory, afford the surest indication of our rapid approxima tion to that high rank among the states of the Union, to which we must be irrc sistibly conducted, by our owi fixed and commanding conditionand advantages. Other and not less important indications of this approaching result are witnessed in the abundant productions of a late un cultivated but fertile soil, recently visifed by tho plough and the sickle; in the improvement of natural facilities of cot -veyaoce,and the projection and progress of artificial ones; and in the increase ing wealth, enterprise, intelligence, temperance, and morality of the general and rapidly accumulating mass of our population. This state has justly, within the past two or three years, arrested more, of the attention, and elicited more of the admiration of the American inhabitants,who have resolved upon a change of domicil, than any in the ymon. tor months past, we have daily seen from twenty to fifty wagons, containing families, moving through this single metrop olis; most of whom have fixed their abodes in the White River country, and in that bordering upon the Wabasha To suppose, that there were six families lo have daily gone through this place, on an average, for the whole year, and that not more than a fifth of the whole which the entire state receives, lak this route making our daily aggregateincrease, thirty families would not appear to be extravagant. Add to this, the supposition, that each family a mo urns to six in number, and our diurnal increase would be one hundred and eighty; which multiplied by the days of the year, make altogether, sixty five thou-. sand seven hundred souls. To this, too,may be added, at least five thousand for the natural increase, by births more than deaths, giving us at this time, up on this hypothesis, about seventy thou: and additional per annum. This is nuu conjecture. But may we not, with ma; thematical certainty, lake three fourths of this computation for the minimum of our real increase? Could we but be permitted by any honorable means, to make the complete increase ol auothei; full year a part of the next federal census tone taken during the ensuing season, by aTprocrastinaiion of the service, un til late in the fall, our complete return would then, likely, be four hundred thousand: which, under an appor tionment bill, fixing the ratio at hfly thousand, would swell our congressional delegation from three to eight , in ten years time. So great an influx from abroad, in connexion with the natural increase at home, of human intelligences, so sud denly incorporated into the community, whose interest the statesman has .in charge many of whom are just rising to manhoodwhilst others are poss$ged with their riper judgments, formed by their earlier education and first and most indelible impressions impose upon those in power, a trembling re tponsibilty, in the wise application of law to the varied condition and multtfa rious circumstances of all, upon tin Voad basis of geoeral equality; aud re-

conciling at the same time, the demands of public policy with individual rights. The task, so very often exacted from the law-giving authority, in a new state like ours, with a people of such avariely of uncompromised opinions, entertaining as many different views of social regulation, as there are countries or states from which they sprung to give entire satisfaction to all, is an undertaking, un der prospects of success, but a little more cheering than those which have hitherto illumined the path of the bold and indefatigable projector of perpetual motion. Bat though such discouraging obstark-a rise up before the Legislator, in the midst of his noblest exertions for the honor and interest of his country; it is not his duty, for this cause, to relax his diligence and efforts, in devoting his days to the public service; siill aiding fhe great cause of "successful

experiment," with all the available means at his control, mental, physical, or pecuniary, and leaving the result to the indulgence and charity of his fellow-citizens. MARKET. At no former permit within the histo ry of the stair;, have ur yeomanry been more amply rewarded in the various pro ductions of their soil and labour, than in the year which is just coming to a close. Like commerce,Hgriculture has of iH'e experienced her agreeable lluctua tions. The prices which flower, com pork, beef, whiskey, and other inferior articles of export, have commanded for the past season, are encouraging to our present respectable class of farmers, and invilh g to thos tv In-come proprietors of &oil,u this more fiivi uted region of the "great wcsl, viio j'u'ed in coun ties where nature has h. en less prodi gal .of her gifts. The invasion, by Spain, of her old coluniet,now the neighboring republic o Mexico the civil viv.it in South Ameri ca t e failure ot crops in many par's f Eoronft, a;:d the augmented arma mints and l y't. war aliens tor Russian and Lurkish v.' tare, have not been wnnou iheir influt r ce. in rrgul tting the price o Amer. bread Muff . And the latesuccesses which attended the triumphant batlal ions of the invader, calculated to puts period to the war, by the. fall of the em pire of the Ottoman, or to produce a speedy pacification, or a still more ger. eral rupture, in connexion with Mexican and South American disturbance, will in after time, either for good or for evil tend to regulate the price of American staples. If, independent of the charms ofthe pastoral life, inducements wert wanting for the investment of capita and labor in agricultural employment and to cause the farmorrsJ in the rol of his country to adorn and venerate hi own high post of honor, they are to be found in the relative condition of the different and mutually dependent classes of industry. Agriculture, on whose ope rations depends the prosperity of all, will inevitably meet the resvard dtie to her products from the gradual diversi fication of mechanical, professional and other employments,--from the rise of manufactures, transmuting large bodies of people from producers to consumersfrom the magical growth of cities and towns, and from the general abandonment, by the southern states, for the more profitable pursuit of raising cotton, rice, sugar, and other tropical fruits. STATE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. This subject, though more than once pressed upon the attention ofthe Legis lature, can never grow irksome, 6ince it must be the source of many of the bles sings of civilized life, to secure its benefit s, i3 a duty enjoined upon the Legis lature, by the obhgaiion of the social compact. It is the greatest auxiliary which belongs to human industry in the legitimate performance of her noblest functions, aiding all her operations with convenience, prom, ana velocity, in transporting and diffusing the bulky la bnurs of her hand; thereby ministering to the wants, and augmenting the pleas ures of the social state. The best of countries and the best of markets, arfe alike unavailing, in the absence of those facilities, which can alone render both interesting and valuable. Roads and canals serve to diminUh distance, to save time and labour, to 6ave and make money, while they are the means of intercourse, and the bends of union, to communities that might other wise become distinctive in character and interest; whose ultimate prosperity must mainly depend upon an uniformity ofthe one, and a reciprocity of the other. They ever have maintained a proud pre-eminence in the bosom of ev ery wellwirber of his country. Indiana will be

aught by experience to view the con

struction of useful improvements, as identical with the realization of her most sanguine anticipations, in the attainment of power and happiness. Her navigable rivers and leading roads are objects wor hy of the most intense solicitude of the legislature. tJpon these objects, the be stowal of both treasure and attention, must be prompted, if from no other consideration than a regard for the great far ming interest of the country, whose hopes on this subject are equal to theii claims. A regular system of state internal im provement, adapted to the wants and resourse6 of the people, and also in antici pation of a just proportion of the surplus revenue, which, but a few years hence, after the extinction of national debt, will remain in the treasury of the Union for distribution and expenditure, and with an eye to the public lands or their pro ceeds, would not he considered, even at hi3 early period, either premature or impolitic. The precautionary step of preparing the public mind for the most important public works, by the time that other means than those of the state, may be accessible, will doubtless be duly ap preciated by your constituents, and will deservedly give you a strong claim upon their increased good opinion of your wis dom, your valuable services, and your fidelity to the state, lo you, best ac quainted with the views of tho&e whom you have the honor to represent, whose privilege it is, to bring forward and per feet the details of such a system, thi subject is gravely submitted. In agreeing upon a general system of state; improvement to be t fleeted at ome future time, by the combined n sources ofthe natienal and state govern ments, among the expected works o undoubted utility, which the topograph) t the state shall recommend to your no ice with prominent plausibility, thefol lowing deseive to be noted for their im portanee: The construction of a rail way from a southern point on the Ohio river, to the Wabash and Lrie canal, by the Wcty of the seat of government: ano ther from Fort Wayne, through the White Water country to Lawrence burgh, (a canal having been reporter impracticable;) and a chiy turnpike road from the seat of government, running eastward, in a direct line for, the city o Cincinnati. When the Michigan and Ohio road shall be permanently estab lished, it will doubtless be expedient to intersect it at different points, with clay turnpike roads from various directions; as well as to improve by turnpiking 01 oth'er means, the road from the Falls of the'Ohio to Vincennes, and the roads from Indianapolis to the western, S. wt s tern, northern, and N. easiern, and wes tern parts of the state. Other improvements are expected to he pointed out by your sagacity. In the meantime, it will also be expec ted frpm the justice of the Legislature, that, if any portion of the three per cent. fund, beyond the one hundred thousand dollars already expended should benafter be appropriated on roads, an equi table proportion of the same will be laid out in making roads through the new counties, which have been organized since the passage of the act appropria ting the one hundred thousand dollars. The improvement of our rivers and com mon roads, by the yearly application of additional labor or money, is as essential to the health of the body politic, as is the free circulation of the blood from the heart, through the whole arterial human system, to its vigor and useful ness. Whatever portion of expense and labor, is applied to these objects, is am ply repaid by its own productiveness; but, should not exceed the limits of a iu dicious economy. In another place this communication hau kok with great con fidence,toa change of service from the useless to the beneficial, as a means of forwarding cur most solid interest in this respect. NATIONAL, NEW YORK, AND MISSISSIPPI RAIL-WAY. The master &j int of the age the genius of improvement as if with the design of increasing the astonishment of na tions, already watching the progress of the American states, with an admiration which even jealousy caunot smolher,ha6, within the last year, penciled to the pub I 1 lie view, a project as grand in its design as it would be glorious and useful in its execution. ISor does its magnificent con ception obscure the sober conviction of its practicability. Nothing le3 is aimed at than the gigantic purpose of wedding the extremes of our vast country by one of the most approved methods of conveyance3 which, for, celerity, ease, and

cheapness of inter-communication, stands foremost on the list of modern inventions ofthe kind.

"The proposed rail way, has for it object, not only the connection of the great cities on the borders of the Allan ic, with the magnificent lakes and ri vers of the west, by a channel, available at all treasons ot the ytar, but alo the developetnent ofthe latent wealth and resources of large and valuable tracts I country, comprising the border counties of N. York, N. Jersey and Pennsylvania & extending along the more lemcte por tons ofthe route, which are not now tra versed, by any of the great woiks, which lave been constructed, or are in progiesr. u? der the patronage of the several states. It affords harpy facilities for acccriv mm plisning these great objects, in a manner that will best subserve the interei of the whole community ; and by connec ting the great canals and rivers of New x ork, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, at different points, will aflord important collateral aid to the plans of internal imrovement which have been adopted inthese states." The friends of this work, anticipate by it, a connection be tween the city of New York and the Mississippi, a distance of nine hundreo aud ninetv-ihcee miles. Its course wili be through six of the states ot this union and pointing to the seventh. 6tLr, vhole extent of the proposed rail wav, could be constructed for a sum, little if a - all, exceeding that which tbe 6tate of New York has expended on its iustly celebrated canals; and its cost would be trifling in comparison with its benefits, or even to the increased value, which it would give to the lands which border on the route. It would, when comple ted, be far more beneficial in its effects on the intervening country, and on the National prosperity, than to turn the Mississippi itself, (with her train of evils along with her blessings) in the same course. Free from the inundations, the currents. r)f rapids, the ice, (its unheal thy atmospherethe peril?) and sand bar of that mighty stream, the products of its wide spread valley would be driven to the shores of the Atlantic, with far greater speed, than if wafted on the w ings of the wind ; and the rapid returns of commercial equivalents, would spread life and prosperity over the face ofthe finest and fairest portion of the habitable globe. ''Without enquiring'whether such work could best be accomplished by the several states through which the route extends; or hy incorporations, aidedjy grants of money or lands from the general government, it is sufficient to assert thnt our citizens have only to appreciate the value of the enterprise and raise their voices in its favour and it will be accomplished." A single rail way, and turnouts graded sufficiently wide for two sets of tracts, for the whole distance, are estimated al only 8,000,000. This is scarcely the third of the national income for a single year. It is ascertained, that this does not equal the half of the sum paid yearly by the consumers of wines and ardent spirits in the United States. The cost of transporting, only one dollar per ton, per one hundred miles. Merchandise could be conveyed from New York to the Mississippi in a week, and mails and passen gers with still greated velocity. The route of this Way, changed furthersouth, so as to run more central through the western states directly interested in it and these 6tates w ishing to promote their advancement in wealth and power, by a multiplication of all theresoursea w hich constitute greatness, individual happiness and prosperity, must yield to it a cordial and unwavering support. Indiana should take a peculiar pride in supporting a cause which will throw her commodities, into the best markets on the continent. Let her speak to her congressmen on the subject, that they may leel at liberty to give it their aid if the great question should be agitated there. When it is considered thai the surplus revenue of the Nation, which will, in three or four years he under the control of Congress, more than can be used in the ordinary support of the government, which the states directly interested in the work, would be entitled to as their just proportion, upon any known principle of distribution, as to territory, population, or federal representation is competent to the consummation of this brilliant scheme in two short years the magnitude which at first blush, the workassumed, dwindles into one of easy ac complishment NATIONAL ROAD. The history of the progress of thii road westward for years past has beer attended to with deep 6plisitu.de. Tht

fifty thousand dollars appropriated on i by an act of last Congress, must be viewed as an advance only of so much of the two per cent. fund, which the people of

the new states are entitled to and is dotv due not as a toon but as a right the net of Congress of 1816, and as ai consideration lor yielding up the right of taxing the public domain. The re flection that this sum of money is not a free gift appropriation out of the national treasurylike many of those that preceded it, for the continuation of this cel ebrated federal, ligament, but tht dearly bought lund oi the state, which might with propriety have been appropriated on other roads "leading to the stale,' leaving the national road to be completed by national means, has awakened U lively interest to apply it in a judicious manner. 1 he ambiguity of parts of the act, and tlv singular expressions of ther parts, indicating a compliance with what the science of road making would con demn, occasioned rather an uncommon difficulty in arriving at its proper con' struction. The whole, however, , resulted in the closing of contracts lor re moving the timber off tr. m the whole width 80 feet of the road, and for grub ing thirty-feet ef the cent rc, through the state; so as to leave the road prepared for grading and the immediate abdica tion of other appropriations, which it is expecteo you will ask Congress to rcake at their coming session. There w ill bz a surplus of 15,000 in the hands of th5 commissioners to be expended, during the next season, in digging dow n ad runt elevations &c. The last instructions from the secretary of war, requ iring the timber in the centre of the road to be grubbed instead of cut, though not ex pressly authorised by the letter of the act, are in accordance with its spirit, with common sense, with common usage, and of almost inconceivable advantage to the state; and entitle the proper department lo the most unqualified commendation. This latter determination, will encourage us to look with increased confider.ce for the completion of the road within some reasonable time. But the policy of leaving? the stump3 of the durable tin berin the road, wears the most questionable complexion, creating as its surS consequence, an apology founded id reason, for procrastinating any furthet operations on it, until the same shall have decomposed by times wasting process. And we ate still further consoled, by the conviction, created by the new instructions, that the President is about to be come its patron. I have it in charge from the secretary of war, to apprise you, that there is no law of Congress in existence, aiithoiisilig the condemnation of individual pioperty, through which this road passes

that has not heen relinquished, w hich the commissioners suppose to be about ten miles in length. Our constitution which secures to the citizen the inviolable right of private property, necessarily makes it incumbent on you at this session, to pass some law (there not heing any that embraces this case) which will make provisions for the redress of any injury that may accrue to suth property from aa extension ofthe road upon it. The commissioners are instructed not to brake soil in any case, where the privilege of way has not been granted, until the property is condemned through the action of a state law. The amount of damages which the state may become liable to pay, if any, should, a3 a matter of course, be made the subject of further congressional legislation, and be refund ed out ofthe national treasury. KicmdArt and onio turnfixe. This road h-is already unnecessarily been the cause of much artificial, fallacious and embittered controversy anri excitement. The subject is again pre' sented, under the confident liope, that former differences of opinion &; interest will be speedily adjusted, and that provisions will be made for the permanent' and judicious location of the whole route from the Lake to the Ohio river. Under this impression, and having taken an active interest in this important work from the time it was first conceited and projected, ! avail myself of this occasion, to rev iew bf iefly, the report of the Commissioners of this road, of 1828. This I conceive to be a duty, the omission of which, no cause, private or political wou 1 d j usti fy , i n the vie w o f my o w n c crfi scietce, and in that of posterity should there be. danger of defeating the great original design of making this work an extensive blersing to-the people of IndMby the influence of private interests, or oferroneous opinions. Alth&r: I am ready to acquit the commissioners of any impropContinued Qn the fourth page')