Indiana Palladium, Volume 5, Number 38, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 26 September 1829 — Page 2

Declaration of Independence. A BWPr SKETCH OF THE SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. Thomas Jefferson. A distinguished

tatesman and philosopher a native of Virginia; born April, 1743; educated at ''William and Mary; and studied law under that distinguished civilian and patriot, Chancellor Wythe. In his 26th year, a distinguished member of the Virginia legislature, in 1773 appointed a member of the "committee of correspondence," the most efficient body in directing and m during the material from which sprang the revolution; elected to congress 1775, re-elected '7G. Member of the committee which drafted the declaration, con sisting of Jr-fF-rson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston, and as chairmm made the original draft, conformable to which, 23'h tine, he introduced a r3ilutio5i "that these slates are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states,'11 winch was seconded by John AJamr and unanimously passed 4th July, !7G. Governor of Virginia '76 '84 minister to France, which station he held uatil appointed secretary of state by president Washington, '89; vice president United Slates '97, and president 1801, which place he held eight years. la the 831 year of his age, on the 50th anniversary of our independence, he died at Monticello, the seat of hia fathers, having tilled the highest offices and enjoyed the greatest honors within the gift of his countrymen. Benjamin Franklin A printer, philosopher and statesman, a native of Boston; born 17:h J muary, 1709. At tlx age of 30 appointed clerk to the general assembly, and postmaster at Philadelphia, at 33 a member of the assembly. About this time he identified electricity and lightning to be the same, by drawing the lightning from the clo'jds, and many other ingenious experiments;, commissioner to Great Britain from the colonies, examined before the bar of the house of commons with great credit to himself; elected 1775 and '76 member of congress; one of the committee to hear propositions of reconciliation; commissioner to trance in the 71st year of his age; concluded a treaty with that power in 1778; and in 1782 concluded a treaty with Great Britain, by which the war was terminated and our independence acknowledged; elected to the high honor of foreign associate of the academy of science, at Paris, in 1781. After his return to America, he was president of the commonwealth, and of the slate convention which adopted the new constitution. After a long life, spent in the most active and useful pursuits, he died in his 84th year, 27th April, 1790. rrancis iinpanson a lawyer, and a roan ot elegant literary attainments; a native of Philadelphia;, born 1737. A mernber of congress 1776, and voted and Subscribed the declaration. He died in his 531 year, 9th May 1791. Robert Treat Puyne, L. L. D. A lawyer of eminence, a native of Boston, born 1731. For several vears past a member of the legislature of Massachusetts; a member of the provincial congress, 1 774 ; a member of the first and second general congress; a member of the committee of five to consider the state of Massachusetts, and supreme judge; died 11th Ma, 1814, aged 84. Thomas Huymard Born in the parish of St. Lukens, South Carolina, 1749. Educated in America, studied law in the Middle Temple, London, spent several yearsonatour through Europe; 1775 and '76 a member of congress; afterwards a supreme judge of his native state; was wounded at Beaufort; taken prisoner at Charleston; was in the state convention for forming a new constitution,. 1670; died March, 1809. Benjamin Rush, M. D. Born near Philadelphia, 24ih December, 1745. A physician of great eminence; studied at Edinburgh, Paris and London ; his name is written as indelibly if possible, on the scroll of medical fame, as on the declaration of our rights. A most successful teacher in medicine; in 1812 not Jess than 430 pupils attended his lectures; he was successively chosen professor of ehemistry, of the theory and practice of rnedicme,of the practice of physic. Chosen in July a delegate to congress, he was not present when the declaration was adopted, but signed it on taking his seat ; a member,also,of the Pennsylvania convention to form and adopt her constitution. Died 19th April, 1813 William Hooper A lawyer of eminence, born i, Bostcrr1742, and educated at Harvard college. Removed early to North Carolina; a representative to the general' asemblv for several years; a member of congress of 1774; and the succeeding until the adopting and signing of the declaration; a judge to settle the dispute between New York and Massachusetts-. Died, October, 1790, in the 43th year of his age; having retired several years previous from the. cares of public life into the joys of domestic happiness. Charles Carroll, of CQtroUton, onlv surviving signerr at this time, (1829), was oorn aepiemupr, at Annapo fcs, Md. Berne of Roman Catholic des ent, he coimiwaced hU education at St.

OmerF, Greet Britain, and finished it at llheims, France; studied law in Parish London; an active and efficient newspaper writer in favour of the cause of the colonies. Being a Roman Catholic of education and fortune, was selected as one of the committee to visit Canada,

early in 1776, to make overtures to the Catholic of that province to join the colonies. During this tour, the declaration was adopted, but was promptly signed on his return on the 2d of August: soon after a member of the board of war; in 1801, retired from public life, after having been a member of the first committee of safety and observation ; twice in the convention of Maryland; twice a delegate in congress; once a senator in the United States senate and four times in that of his native state. Ccesar Rodney, born in D-ver Delaware, 1730; a member of the legislature several yeat3; a member of congress 1774; continued until '75-r an active leader in the wr upon 'the tented field ;' a general in the army; and the intimate friend of Washington. Benjamin Harrison, a native of Berkley, Virginia; the descendant of a very respectable, ancient and wealthy family; early a member of the provincial legislature -T a member of the first congress, and rf those succeeding, until the honor of voting for and signing the declaration; a member of the committee of safely ; chairman of the "board of war." After resigning his seat in congress, a member and president of the colonial assembly; governor of Virginia in 1782; and reelected the year following. Died 1791, at hi3 residence honored and respected by his countrymen. William Paca, a fine scholar and an eminent jurist: born 1740, at Wye-Hall, Eastern shore, Maryland; a member of the lirst and several succeeding congreafes. Immediately after voting for and signing the declaration, elected a mem ber of the "navy board;77 twice governor of Maryland, and twice chief justice on the bench of her judiciary. Died 1799, aged 65 years. Arthur Middleton, a fine scholar, hav ing taken the bacca?aurate degree of A. B. at Westminster, England, and a gentleman of fine fortune; born in S. Carolina, 1743; spent two years in a tour through Europe; a member of the "secret committee of five," in 1775; a mem ber of congress in '76, took an active part in the war; a soldier; taken prisoner at Charleston, and sent as such to Si. Augustine; suffered with the rest of his fellow prisoners great hardships; elected again to congres.-, 1732. Departed for the better country beyond the grave, at his country seat, on the Ashly,aged 45. Elbridge Gerry, wn3 born July 1744, at Marblehead, Massachusetts. Took his degree of A. B. in the 18th year, at Harvard a merchant by profession; a member of the new committee of safety for Mass., an active and efficient leader during the revolution. He spent the evening previous to the battle of Bunker's Hill with a few of his friends, in a house not far from the road to Lexington, among whom was the brave and early lamented general Warren; on par

ting in the morning with the general for court; chosen speaker, and rejected by th scenft of danger, this brave man. allithe governor: acted with Samuel Adams

f dange devotion to his country, dropped these - U classic words, "Dulce et decorum est. pro patria mori" before this night was an example. A member of congress of formed the new constitution; minister to France; several times governor of Mass. ; vice president of the U. States in 1812. Died 23d November, 1814, on his- road to Washington as vice president of the U. Slates, aged 79-years, George Ross was born in Newcastle, Del. in 1733. A scholar; became a law yer of eminence after he removed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; a member of the legislature ofPenn. as early as 1768; a member of the first congress, and of the three succeeding; sever.il times a mem ber of the state legislature: a member of the board of admiralty of Penu. Died July 1779, aged 49 years. John Adams, a lawyer and statesman of great eminence, was born at Quincy, Mass. 19th October, O. S. 1735, of puritan parents; a writer and active leader preparatory to the adopting and signing the declaration: a member of the first committee of safety for Boston had the honor of nominating gen. Washington to congress, as commander-in-chief cf the American armies; and of making the motion to adopt the declaration, which he supported and advocated with his powerful eloquence: a member of the first and man) succeedirg congresses. Some idea may be formed of his business habits when it is stated that he was a mem ber of ninety committees, and chairman of 25; commiasioner to France in 1771 , and minister to the same power in 1781, and minister to Lnglaod in 1735: a mem ber of the convention which formed the constitution of his native state; vice presidentof the U. States twice, and presiltwa this committee, which conisted of Charles Coatsworth Pinckney, Wm. Henry Drayton, Wtn. Gibbes. and Edward Waytnr, that resolved 0n having recourse to force, io 1770, in a? tiling the difficulties between the colonies and mother country, and the public arms, then in the possession of British keepers, were taken po&ssBsiaQ of accordingly.

dent once; retired from public life in 1801, and about 4 o'clock, P. M. on the fiftieth anniversary of our independence, he expired, in the 91st year of his age. Richard Henry Lee, a native of Virginia, and an elegant scholar, was born 20th January, 1732. Like many of the distinguished men of his time, he was educated in England; he, early in our struggle, become a political writer; and in the hour of peril, a soldier; early a member of the house of burgesses, of Va. a polished and elegant speaker, he was called the Cicero of America; a member of the first congress; he first introduced

a motion in congress, linn June wb, "that these United colonies were and of right ought to be free and independent states.'' Being called away by sickness in his family, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in his place on the committee to which the resolution was referred; and filling the vacancy of the mover, Mr. Jefferson became chairman, and thus became draftsman of that instrument which has so justly given celebrity to his name. Once president in congress; ne dieu in me 64th year of his age, loaded with the honors of bis countrymen. Francis Lightfoot Lee, youngest brother to R. H. Lee, a man of fine abilities, and extensive information, though not much inferior in education and elo j ouence to his brother: several years a member of the house of burgesses; several times a member of congress, from Richmond the metropolis of his slate; a member of the senate of his native state. The particulars of his death are not recorded by his biographer. Samuel Chase, a lawyer and jurist of great eminence,- was a native of Md. born 17th April 1741. Euly a number of the colonial assembly: a member of the first and four succeeding congresses; a member of the mission to Canada, in '76, with Chailes Carroll and Dr. Franklin; at his suggestion, the convention of Md. rescinded their instructions to their representatives, not to vote for declaring the colonies independent; the early patron and benefactor of the distinguished William Pinckney ; a member of the Maryland convention which adopted the new constitution ; thief justice of Md. and appointed by Washington an associate judge of the U. SlateaT court. Samuel Adams, a native of Boston, a tine scnoiar, a mercnant ny prolusion, was born 22d September, 1722. He re ported the first resolution to the citizens of Boston, deny ing the right of the mother country to tax the colonies against their consent for purposes of revenue; a political writer of eminence ; a member of congress eight times; a member of the convention which formed the constitotionofhis Btate; and of the convention which adopted the constitution of the United Stales; lieut. governor and gov. of Massachusetts; one of the proscribed patriots, whom the British authorities proclaimed beyond the reach of pardon. Died, 3d Oct. 1G03, In his 82d year. John Hancock a scholar and a man of immense wealth, was born near Quincy, Mass. 1735. A member ot the general ' ' in remonstrating against the massacre by the soldiers en the 5th March, 1770, and in procuring tne removal ot the troops from the city. On the th March the year following, pronounced his celebrated speech on the massacre occasion; was one cf the proscribed patriots with Samuel Adams. A member of the first1, congress; and president of the second and ffiird, in which capacity he signed the Declaration of Independence, which separated the colonies from the mothercountry forever; governor ofhis native state, a series of times. He spent large sums ofhis ample, fortune in benevolent charities; and was ''gathered to his fathers" in a ripe old age, lovcd rerered and lamented. From the National Intelligencer. OUll IjXDLLY TRIBES. We have received from the hands ofa friend a printed pamphlet, containing an account of the recent formation and pro ceedings of an association in the city of iSew York, for the emigration, preserva tion, and improvement of the aborigines of America, together with an address delivered before the association, by Thomas L. McKenney, esq. chief of the office of Indian affairs, in the war department, and various letters and official docuJudge Chase being at Annapolis 00 business attended a debating club composed of a number of spirited young men. During the debate he discovered one who spoke with remarkable ease, eloquence and fluency; after the debate was through, the judge sought an acquaintance with the young man, and learned bis name was Pinckney, that he was poor, and waa then earning his bread by his sevices in an apothecary's shop and designed studying medicine The judge advised him to study law; and tiff-red him tbe use of his library, and invited bitn to live in his family until he had completed his studies. These propositions were gladly accepted, and young Pinckney put up hieprunk immediately for tbe judge residence. The same young msn afterwards became one of the most distinguished lawyers of bis time, attorney general of the United States, end minister to Russia and Great Britain,

menls relating to the concerns of the In -

dians the objects of the association, &c. We have not room for the interesting and sensible address of Mr. McKenney, nor for any more of the correspondence, at present, than the subjoined letters, which we select, on account of the offi cial character of one of them, and its formal elucidaiion of the views of the executive, in relation to those of the Indian tribes which remaiu within the limits of some of the states: To the president of the United States. New York, Aug. 14, 1329. Sir: The condition of the Indian tribes, and their present relations to the general and slate governments, have occasioned among the friends of those interesting people, feelings of deep anxiety, and awakened a disposition among various citizens of the union, to harmonize, if possible, the present discordant relations, and in a way that shall secure to the Indians peace and prosperity for the future, Participating in this common feeling, an association of citizens of various denominations has been formed, with a view ot contributing to ends so important. The principles on which the association

proposes to act and be governed, are dis- nothing eUc can be traced through uch closed in the accompanying documents,!an appeal and in such an issue, I think which embrace the preliminary proceed-jthe good and the humane my at least ings, the origin of the association, andjperceive that in it peril is to be discern-

the constituiion ot tne board. By a resolution therein, yen. will per - ceive that it is made my duty to communicate, for the information, and with a view to obtain the approbation and co - operation of the executive, a copy of those proceedings to you.

'2 Me boara iook wim cornaence io lueisubiect ot tne lr.dt:ns. I am saiired.

executive ol tne uniieu siaies, ior sucn patronage as it may have the power to bestow; and with deep anxiety to the congress, to whom it doubts not the cs - ecutive will subrml thes-ubject for those ways and means upon which reliance is placed for the promotion or its benevolent intentions. I arn, most respectfully, vour obedient servant. ELI BALDWIN, Corresponding secretary of the Indian board, 4c. To the m-. Eli Raldzvin. Rrp Rats, Va. August 25, 1 820. Sir Lat evening, by the steam boat Norfolk, from Baltimore, your letter to the President was received at this place,

with a transcript of the Constitution, re- that of the Creeks or Cherokees, within lating to the Indians, recently adopted (he territories of Georgia or Alabama? at New Yoik by your Convention. With Would they agree that the Indian law of the c( urse pursued at your meeiing, thejretaliationon thenexttfkin,should beenPresident is much gratified, and desires( forced for the accidental killing of one me so to declare to you. He cannotjof their tribe? Or, that nothing of trade but- appreciate highly the. views taken and commerce, by her citens, should by you of a course of policy, which jus-, take place within their limits, except m tice to principles recognized, and hu- conformity to the prov isions of their mumanity towards our Indian brethren, nicipaleode? Would they assent to have constrained him- as matter of conceived;their citizens rendered liohl in K nr

duty to adopt. He regrets that so many inaccuracies both as to object and motive, should have found a place in the public Journals of the day, evidently misrepresenting, and calculated to pro duce incorrect impressions. The great consolation entertained by him though, is, that time will prove that his only end, land object, ruin purpose, is to do full and impartial justice, to tne extent mat nisotdischarge of duty will sanction. . I . .,1.1- n 1 heir leave to as.-ure you, that nothinn V .' tJ J i a iT or n compulsory course, io enter me removal oi tins uniortui ate race or peo ple, has ever been thought of by the President, although it has been so assert ed. The considerations which controlled, in the course pursued, were such as he really and in fact 'believed, were required, as well by a regard for the just rights which the State ci Georgia was authorised to assert, as from a conscientious conviction, that by it, humanity towards the Indians Of this they have been assured, and in that assurance, no other disposition wa had than to explain fully to them, and the country, the actual ground on which it wa? believed they were rightfully entitled to stand. How can the United States Government contest with beorgia the authority to regulate her own internal affairs? If the doctrine every where maintained be true, that a State is sovereign, so far as by the constitution adopted it has not been parted with to the General Government, then must follow, as a matter of certainty, that within the limits of a State there can be none other, than her own sovereign power, that can claim to exercise the functions of government. It is certainly contrary to every idea entertained of an independent government, for any other to assert adverse dominion and authority within her jurisdictional limits, they are things that cannot exist together. RotivoonfliP Srafo f,ffinrn;n or,i k

Indian tribes within her limifs, no com- ilct'y ,JL' ,riUrdered a woman and burned pact or agreement was ever entered in- ncm,rch He was tried for minder, but to; who then is to yield, for it is cer hl9 ;n5anit)' bpirS evident, he was kept tain in the ordinary course of exerci,ed 111 soutar confmemenf. authority, that one or the other must? At Litchfield, Con. court, an action The answer heretofore presented firm was brought by the daughter of Samuel the Government, and which you, by yonrlGVsux'V, of Winchester, against her fa-

adoption, have sanctioned as correct, is the only one that can be ottered. Georgia, by her acknowledged confederative authority, may leqa!ly and rightfully ga

ivern and control throughout her ow;

limitSjOr else our knowledge of the sc: ence and principles of goven .rr-cnt, as they relate to our own forms, are wrong, Sz. had have been wholly mij-ui;derslood. Sympathy indulged is a noble and generous trait of character; but it should never assume a form calculated to outrage settled principles, or to produce in the end a greater evil that it would remedy. Admit it were in the disposition of the Government at Washington to hold a course and language different from that they have hitherto employed; and to encourage the Indiana to the belief that rightfully they may remain and exercise civil government in despite of Georgia? Do those w ho arethe advocates of such a course, and consider it reconcileable to propriety, dream of the consequences to which it would lead; or consider after what manner so strange an idea could be put in practice? Have the' looked to the State of Geor. gia, conscious in the rectitude of our own construction of right, demanding of the U. Sr their constituiional authority to interfere, and appealing to the States to sustain her agfiiust encroachments, which, if submitted to, might, in the end, prove destructive to the whole? If jCd, and that the weak and undisciplined Indians, in such a contest would he so jutterly destroyed, that the places which J, 10w know them, would presently know jthem no more. j From the conversations had with the President, recently and formerly, on the that no man in tfie country entertains to wards them better kelii-srs. or has ;i stronger desire to see them placed in ,that condition, which may conduce to :their advancement and ha'ppiness. But jto encourage them to the idea, that within the confines of a state, they may exer cise all the forms and requisites of a government, fashioned to their own condi tion and necessities, he does not consider can he advantageous to them, or that the exercise of such a right can properly be conceded. What would the authorities of the state of N.York say to an attempt on the part of the Six JVaticns, to establish within her limits, a separate & independent government; and yet their authority to do so, would be a undeniable as raigned at the bar of an Ii dian court of justice, and to have rreted out to them the penalties of their criminal code? It is obvious, tluit no State of tt is Union would grant such authority. Concede r however, that these Indians are entitled to be considered sovereign within their own limit?, and y u concede every thing" else as matter of consequence. Admit tke pimciple ; what then ?'! . ... ind all is admitted and i he sword, the nloncarhi ter in anv commmiitv. uifrp .mpdinnc J 7 11 M V 11 VIM . . oi auverse sovereignty and newer are to be settled, would, in the end, have to be appealed to; ai;d, when this shall be lbe case, the humblest pn phet in our land cannot but discern what will be lhefirlc of the contest. Is it not preferable, arc! does not their own peace, quiet and happiness demand they should surrer ler.at or.ee, such ' i.ionary opinio! s, and by retirii g beyond il, 3!isissTppi, placethcm?eles where icry conflict, as to elato nut! -niiy, wiil cease; and where the mosi nlargcd and generous ctforts, bv the Goernmeiit, will be made to improve their minds, better their condition, and aid them in their eflbi ts of self government? For your efforts, and those associated with jouin convention, furtheiing this liberal and only practical scheme, the time will come when all , ,1 .1 -ii .I uuu iiuu generous men win manif you. In conclusion the President desires me to thank you for the communication made to him, and to offer you an assurance, that every legitimate power of his will be fret ly bestowed to further and assist the laudable and humane course which your convei-tion has adopted. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant. JOHN II. EATON Died, in the Augusta, Maine, jail lit nry Ml Cause land, aged seventy years, of wJuch he had been in p. isoned for thirty Sve. lie was insane and under an impression that Ids sins could only be pardoned by makirt; sone great sacrither, for beating and otherwise rfialtreating hei and after a full investigation of the case, the jury brought in a vcrdic '.ignin;t him for -$'K0Q

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