Indiana Palladium, Volume 4, Number 50, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 20 December 1828 — Page 2

Vhile the tariff oflho last session of Con-jto Christianity, and in bringing within

r. urn q a subiect of legislative delib- the pale of civilization.

eVation, it was foretold by some of its op- As independent powers, we negolianosers that one of its necessary conse- ted with them by treaties: as proprietor?,

quences would be to impair the revenue, we purchased of them all the lanas It i3 yet too soon to pronounce, with which we could prevail upon them to

confidence, that this prediction was er- sell a3 brethren ot the human race,

roneom. The obstruction of one avenue rude and ignorant, we enueavourea lo

of trade not unfrequently opens an issue to another. The consequence of the taritf will be to increase the exportation,

and to diminish the importation of some

specific articles. But by the general law

of trade, the increase of exportation of

one article will be followed by an increased importation of others, the duties upon which will supply the deficiencies, which the diminished importation would otherwise occasion. The effect

of taxation upon revenue can seldom be

loreseen with certainty. It must abidt

the test of experience. As yet no symp

torn? of diminution are perceptible in

the receipts of the Treasury. As yet little addition of cost has even been ex

perienced upon the articles burdenpd

with heavier duties by the last tarifE

The domestic manufacturer supplies

the same or a kindred article at a di

minished price, and the consumer pays

the same tribute to the labor ol his own

countrymen, which he must otherwise

have paid to foreign industry and toil.

The tariff of the last session was, in its details, not acceptable to the great

interests of any portion of the Union,

xwt even to the interest which it was

specially intended to subserve. Its ob

ject was to balance the burdens upon native industry imposed by the opera

tion ot foreign laws; but not to aggra

vate the burdens of one section of the Union by the relief afforded to another.

lo the great principle sanctioned by that act, one of those upon which the Constitution itself was formed, I hope and trust the authorities of the Union will adhere. But if any of the duties imposed by the act only relieve the manufacturer by aggravating the burden o the planter,, let a careful revisal of it: provisions, enlightened by the practical experience of its effects,, bo directed to

retain those which impart protection to

native maustry? and remove or supply the place of those which only alleviate one great national interest by the depression of another. The United States of America, and the people of every State of which they are composed, are each of them sovereign powers. The legislative authority of the whole is exercised by Congress, under the authority granted them in the common Constitution. The legislative power of each Slate is exercised by assemblies deriving their authority from the Constitution of the Slate. Each is sovereign within its own province. The distribution of power between thenvpresupposes that these au

thorities will move in harmony with each other. The members of the S'ate and General Governments are all under oath to support both, and allegiance is due to the one and to the other. The case of a conflict between thrse two powers has

not been supposed, nor has any provi

sion been made for it in our institutions;

as a virtuous nation of ancient times existed more than five centuries without a law for '.he punishment of parricide. More thdfr once, however, in the progress of our history, have the People and the Legislatures of one or more States, in moments of excitement, been instigated to this conflict ; and the means of effecting this impulse have been allegations that the acts of Congress to be re

sisted were unconstitutional. The Peo pie of no one State have ever delega

bring them to the knowledge of religion

n n i n riptfpr The ultimate design was

to incorporate in our own institutions that portion of them which could be converted to the state of civilization. In the practice of European States, before

our Revolution, they had been consider

ed as children to be governed ; as tenants at discretion, to be dispossessed as occa

sion might require; as hunters, to be indemnified by trifling concessions for re

moval from the grounds upon which

their game was extirpated, in changing the system, it would seem as if a full contemplation of the consequences of

the change had not been taken. We

jfor objects of improvement within those

States, and the sums appropriated tor light houses, buoys, and piers, on the coast, and a full view will be taken of the munificence of the nation in the application of its resources to the improvement of its own condition. Of these great national undertakings, the Academy at West Point is among the most important in itself, and the most comprehensive in its consequences. In that institution, a part of the revenue of the nation is applied to defray the

expense of educating a competent por

tion of her youth, chiefly to the knowledge and the duties of military life. It

is the living armory of the nation. While the other works of improvement

enumerated in the reports now presen

ted to the atteution of Congress, are destined to ameliorate the face of nature;

and to which two others are to be added,

have been prepared and received my sanction; and no other portion of my public duties has been performed with a more intimate conviction of its importance to the future welfare and security of the Union. With the report from the Postmaster General, is exhibited a comparative view of the gradual increase of that establish

ment, from five to five years, nnce 1792 till this time, in the number of Post Offices, which has grown from less than two hundred to nearly eight thousand ; in the revenue yielded by them, which, from

i sixty-seven thousand dollars, has swollen

to upwards of a million and a half, and

in the number of miles of Post Roads,

which, from five thousand six hundred and forty-two, have multiplied to one

hundred and fourteen thousand live nun

have been far more successful in the ac

quisition of their lands than in impart

ing to them the principles, or inspiring

them with the spirit, of civilization.

But in appropriating to ourselves their

hunting grounds, we have brought upon

ourselves the obligation of providing

them with subsistence; and when we

have had the rare good fortune of teach

ing them the arts of civilization and

the doctrines of Christianity, we have

unexpectedly found them forming, in the

midst of ourselves, communities claim

ing to be independent of ours, and rivals

of sovereignty within the territories of members of our Union. This state of

things requires that a remedy should be provided. A remedy which, while

it shall do justice to those unfortunate children of nature, may secure to the members of our confederation their rights of sovereignty and of soil. As the

outline of a project lo that effect, the

tews presented in the report of the

Secretary of War are recommended to

he consideration of Congress. The report from the Engineer De

triment prtstntsa comprehensive view

flhe progress which has been made in

he great systems promotive of the pub

lic interest, commenced and organized

under the authority of Congress, and the

'ti cts of which have already contributed to the security, as they will hereafter largely contribute to the honor and dignity of the nation. The first of these great systems is that

of fortifications, commenced immediately afler the close of our last war, under

the salutary experience which the events

of that war had impressed upon our

countrymen of its necessity. Introdu

ced under the auspices of my immediate predecessor, it has been continued

with the persevering and liberal encour

agement of the Legislature; and com

bined with corresponding exertions for

the gradual increase and improvement

of the Navy, prepares for our extensive country a condition of defence adapted to any critical emergency which the varying course of events may bring forth.

Ouradvances in these concerted systems

have, for the last ten years, been steady and progressive: and in a few years more will be so completed as to leave no cause for apprehension that our sea

coast will ever again offer a theatre of

hostile invasion.

The next of these cardinal measures

of policy, is the preliminary to great and lasting works of public improvement, in the surveys of roads, examination for the course of canals, and labors for the removal of the obstructions of rivers and harbors, firs commenced by

the act of C ongress of 30th April, ISiU.

to multiply the faculties of commnication dred and thirly-ix. While, in the same between the different parts of the Union: period of lime, the population of the Un

to assist the labors, increase the comforts,iion has about thrice doubled, the rate of . ......! r . i .v 1 r .

and enhance the enjoyments ot individu

increase of these cflices is nearly forty,

and of the revenue, and of travelled

als the instruction acquired at West

Point, enlarges the dominion and ex-!miles, from twenty to twenty-five for one. nands the capacities of the mind. ItslThe increase of revenue, within the last

pands the cap

beneficial results are already experienced in the composition of the army, and their influence is felt in the intellectual

progress of society. The institution is

susceptible still of great improvement from benefactions proposed by several

successive Boards of Visiters, to whose

earnest and repeated recommendations

I cheerfully add my own.

With the usual annual reports from

the Secretary of the Navy and the Board of Commissioners, will be exhibit

ed to the view of Congress the execu-

ion of the laws relating to that depart

ment in the public service. The repression of piracy in the West Indian

and in the Grecian Seas, has been effect

ually maintained, with scarcely any ex

ception. During the war between the

governments of Buenos Ayres and of

Brazil, frequent collisions between be!-

igerent acts of power and the rights of

neutral commerce occurred. Licentious

blockades, irregularly enlisted or im

pressed sen mi-n, and the property of

honest commerce seiz d with violence, and even plundered under legal pretences, are disorders never separable from the conflicts of war upon the ocean.

With a portion of them, the correspondence of our commanders on the eastern aspect of the South American coast, and among the islands of Gicece, discover how far we have been involved. In these the honor of our country and the

rights of our citizens have been asserted

and vindicated. The appearance of new squadrons in the Mediterranean, a.d the blockade of the Dardanelles, indicate the danger of other obstacles to ihe freedom of commerce, Knd the necessity of keeping our naval force on those seas. To the suggestions repented in the re

port of the Secretary of the Navy, and

five years, has been nearly equal to the whole revenue of the Department in

1S12. The expenditures: of the Department, during the year which ended on the first of July last, have exceeded the receipts

by a sum of about twenty-live thousand dollars. The excess has been occasioned by the increase of mail conveyances and facilities, to the extent of near eight hundred thousand miles. It has been supplied by collections from the Post

masters of the arrearages of preceding years. While the correct principle seems to be, that the income levied by the Department should defray all its ex penses, it has never been the policy of this Government to raise from this establishment any revenue to be applied to any other purposes. The suggestion of the Postmaster General, that the insurance of the safe transmission of mo

neys by the mail might be assumed by

the Department, for a moderate and competent remuneration, wilt deceive the consideration of Congress, A Report from the Commissioner of the public buildings in this City exhibits the expenditures upon them in ihe course of the current year. It will be seen that the humane and benevolent in-

State. The preparation acd transmVsion to the Marshals of those instructioi required more time than was then allowed between the passage of the law and the day when the enumeration was to commence. The term of six months, limited for the returna of the Marshals was also found even then too short; and must be more so now, when an addition al population of at least three millions must be presented upon the returns. As they are to be made at the short session

of Congress, it would, as well as from other considerations, be more convenient

to commence the enumeration from an

earlier period of the year than the first

of August. The most favorable season

would be the Spring. On a review of

the former enumerations, it will be found that the plan for taking every census has contained improvements upon that of its predecessor. The last is still susceptible of much improvement. The third census was the first at which any account was t.iken of the manufactures of the country. It was repeated at the JasI enumeration, but the returns in both cases were necessarily very imperfect. They must always be so, resting of

course onjy on the communications vol

untarily made by individuals interested

in some of the manufacturing establish

ments Yet they contained much valu

able information, and may, by some supplementary provision of the law, be ren

dered more effective. The columns of age, commencing from infancy, have hitherto been confined to a few periods, all under the number of 45 years. Important knowledge would be obtained by xtending those columns, in intervals of ten years, to the utmost boundaries of human life. The labor of taking them would be a trifling addition to that already prescribed, and the result would exhibit comparative tables of longevity highly interesting to the country. I deem it my duty further to observe, that much of the imperfections in the returns of the last and perhaps of preceding enumerations proceeded from the inadequatenesa

of the compensations allowed to the Marshals and their assistants in taking them In closing this communication, it only remains for me to assure the Legislature of my continued earnest wish for the adoption of measures recommended by me heretofore, and yet to be acted orj

by them; and of the corcial concurrence

lentions of Congress in providing, by the on my part in every constitutional pro-

Act of 20th 31. iy, 1820, for the erection vision which may receive their sanction

of a Penitentiary in ihis distiict, have during the Session, tending to the gener-

been accomplished. The authority of further Legislation is now required for

the removal to this tenement of the offenders against the law s, sentenced to atone by personal confinement for their crimes, and to provide a code for their employment and government while thus confined.

al weifure.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. Washington, December 2, 1828.

Twentieth Congress:

Tormably to the Act of 2d March, 1327,

tending to the permanent improvement to provide for the adjustment of claims

. f il . ' ' . .1 r iil.i . iM 1 A I

oi mis institution, i mviie the iavoraDie consideration of Comrress. A resolution of the House of Representatives, requesting that one of our small public vessels should be sent to the Pacific Ocean and South Sea, to examine the coasts, islands, harbors, shoals, & reefs in those sea3,and to ascertain their true situation and discription, has been put in a train of execution. The vessel

SECOND SESSION. December 2. In the House ofRcpre

The Commissioners appointed con- sentatives there was no business trans-

acted beyond the reading of the Presi

dent's Message, which occupied about fiftv minutes, and'of which, with the documents accompanying it, C,000 copies w ere ordered to be printed. December 3. In the Senate the reso

or persons entitled to indemnification un

der the tfrst Article of the Treaty of Ghent, and for the distribution among

such claimants of the sum paid by the'

Government of Great Britain under i he! lution for the appointment of the StandConvention of 13th November, 1320,' ing Committees was .laid on the table,

closed their labors on the 30th of August! wth the understanding that it would be la&t, by awauiinglhe. claimants the a-uin; taken UP hi a few days. Mr. Johnsox,

ot one million one hundred and ninetyseven thousand four hundred and t wen-

ted to their Legislature the power'ofj The report exhibits in one tabl

pronouncing an act of Congress unconA A A 1 i . . -

siuuuonai; out they have delegated to them powers, by the exercise of which

the execution of the laws of Congress

tin

funds appropriated at the last and pre

ceding sessions of Congress for all these fortifications, surveys, and works of public improvement ; the manner in which

wiuun me o.aie may be resisted, ifl these funds have been- applied, the awe suppose the case of such conflicting' mount expended upon the several works

icgiMauon busiainea uy ine correspond- under construction, and the further sums

ing executive and judicial authorities, patriotism and philanthropy turn their

eyes from the condition in which the par lit . K-

which may be necessary to complete them. lo a second, the works projected by the Board of Engineers, which have

iits vvuuiu De n acen unci fmm tiri , 1 n h,.nn j i .u . .

I 7 ui iiui w-u vunjuiniitru anu me estimate the people of both, which must be its of their cost. Ih a third, the report of 7lcl;m3, the Annual Board of Visiters at the 1 he renorts fmm fl-o Q lo.. f Miff; I: a i iir ..!-. t-

, Kj.lnti j ui lTjiiitiuiy iectuem m yy est joint. Jt'Of

ar, and from the various subordinate

is nearly ready to depart: the success- ty-two dollars and eighteen cents: leav ful accomplishment of the expedition ;ng a balance of seven thousand five hun-

thirteen fortifications erecting on vari-

cti ri . - . I

Wmu3 ui me resort or that Department, ous points of our Atlantic coast, from present an exposition of the public ad-; Rhode Island to Louisiana, the aggie-

.......w....w w. tuunecieu with gate expenditure ot the year lias fallen

may be greatly facilitated by suiiabl

legislative provisions; and particularly by an appropriation to defray its necessary expense. The addition of a second, and prehaps a third vessel, with a slight aggravation of the cost, would contribute much to the safety of the cit

izens embarked on this undertaking, the results of which may be of the deepest interest to our country.

With the report of the Secretary ofj

the iNavy, will be submitted, in conform ity to the Act of Congress, of 3d March, 1 827, for the gradual improvement of the Navy of the United States, statements of the expenditures under that act, and

of the measures taken for carrying the same into elfect. Every section of that

statute contains a distinct provision, looking to the great object of the whole, the

gradual improvement of the Navy,

ofKy. iave notice that he would in

troduce a hill to-morrow for the preser vation of the Cumberland Road, a portion of which he represented as being in a ruinous condition. The President.

tired and thirty-seven dollars and eiphtv

two cent-, which was distributed ratably 'pro tern, stated, in reply toa question put

amongst all the claimants to whom a

wards In d been made, according to the directions of the Act.

The exhibits appended to the Repot I

bv .Mr. Johnson, of Kentucky, that spec

tators would hereafter be excluded from, the tloor of the Senate.

Ih the IIoue of Representatives,

from the Commissioner of the General to-day, on motion of-Mr. Little, the

Land Oilice, present the actual condi

lion of that common property of the Ln-

various, committees were ordered to be appointed. The names on the Commit-

ion, I he amount pain into the i reasu-'tees wul, therefore, he announced tory from the proceeds of lands, during thejmorrow. On motion of Mr. Taylor, year 1027, and the first half of 1 823, the several points in the Message of the f.tlls little short of two millions of dollar.! President were referred to Standing or The propriety of further extending ihe j Select Committees. The subject of the time for the extinguishmewt of the debt j organization of the militia, which wa&tadue to the United States by the pui cha-j ken up at the last session, was also referbersof the public lauds, limited, by thered to a Select Committee: and instruct Act of 21st March last, to ihe fourth of tions were sent to the Committee on MiJuly next, will claim the consideration! litary Pensions, to inquire into theexpeof Congress, to whose vigilance and eare-ldienev of revising and amending the ex-

tul attention the regulation, disposal and listing laws on, that subject

Under its salutary sanctions, stores of preservation of this rreat national u.her- Devcmbtr 4. In the Senate, a Reso

ship timber have been procured- andjitance has by the People of the United

them, through the course of the current

year. The present state of the army, and the distribution cfthe force of which it is composed, will be seen from the report of the Major General- Several alterations in the disposal of the troops, have been found expedient in the course of the year,,and the discipline of the ar-

ij.v,iuougn not entirely free from exception has been generally good.

a ne auemion ot Congress is particu-

Krlv invitAH tkn r . cmih.u- njjin, io, 'luuui oue minion more ( jti uiviicu io mar Dan at tho

thprroi-r riv ". . . ,crw' uuiinia nave ueeuuruwn irom the JL rea-

"j wi rtr wnicn concerns th

existing system of our relation w;iti ii,

Indian tribes. At the establishment of!

toe r euerai Government, under the present Constitution of theU. States, the principle was adopted of considering them as foreign and independent powers; and also as proprietors of lands. They were, moreover, considered as savages, whom it was our policy and our &ty. to use our influence in converting

a little 6hort of one million of dollars.

For the preparation of five additional reports of reconnoisances and surveys, since the last session of Congress, for the civil constructions upon thirty-seven different public works commenced, eight others for which specific appropriations have been made by acts cf Congress, and twenty other incipient surve)S under the authority given by the act of 30th

April, 1824, about one million more ofj

sury. To these two millions of dollars are to be added the appropriation of 250,-

000 dollars, to commence the erection of

a breakwater near the mouth of the Delaware river; the subscriptions to the Delaware and Cheapeake Ihe Louisville and Portland, the Dismal Swamp, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canals; i;1.rge,d?nalionsonands to the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Alabama,

lutiun was adopted for the appointment of the standing Committees oi Monday next. Mr. Ronton gave notice that hewould, to-morrow ask leave to introduce

are in process of $caonirgnnd preserva-lStates been intrusted.

tion f r the future uses of the Navy. Ar- Among the important subjects to rangements have been made for the pre- which the attention of the preient Con

servation of the live oak timber growing gress has already been invited, and whichi several Rills, among which was a Uill foi on the lands of the United States, and for; may occupy their further and deliberate; the graduation of the price of the Pub-

its reproduction to sunnlv at future andiutcussion, will be the provision to beihe Lands.

distant days the waste of that most val- made for taking the fifth census or enu-

uable material for ship building, by the! meration of the inhabitants of the United great consumption of it yearly, for the States. The Constitution of the United commercial as well as for the military (States requires that this enumeration marine of our country. The const rue-'should be made within every term of ten tion of the two Dry Docks at Charles- years, and the date from which the last town and at Norfolk, is making satisfac- enumeration commenced was ihe first

tory progress towards a durable estah-Monday of Augut of the year 1U20. lishment. The examinations and cnqui-The laws under which the former enu-

taken, were enacted at

nes to ascertain the practicability and expediency of a Marine Railway at Pen-

sacola, though not yet accomplished, have been postponed, but to be the more effectually made. The Navy Yards of the United States have been examined, and plans for their improvement, and the preservation of the public properH

therein; at Portsmouth, Charlestown,

mcrations were

the Session of Congress immediately preceding the operation. Rut considerable inconveniences were experienced from the delay of legislation to so late a period. That law, like those of the preceding enumerations, directed that the census bhould be taken by the Marshals of

the several districts and Territories, un-

Philadelphia, Washington, and Gcsport;'der instructions from the Secititary of

In the House of Representatives, after the standing and Select Committees ordered In the resolution of Wednesday to be appointed, had been announced, a few resolutions w ere offered and adopted. Among others, a resolution was offered by Mr. Sutiji:rlaxi, instructing the Committee of Commerce to inquire inta- the expediency of abolMnrg the present system of giving credit for duties on imported goods. Mr. Smith, ot Indiana, submitted a resolution, referring to the Committee of Roads and Canals the subject of the continuance ot

the Cumberland road through the State

of Indiana, which was amended 041 motion of Mr. M'Lean, This resolution was barely carried, there appearing ayes 69, noes CO, .Mr. Tuck:k, of ie.v