Indiana Palladium, Volume 4, Number 50, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 20 December 1828 — Page 1

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EQUALITY OF RIGHTS IS NATURE'S PLAN AND FOLLOWING NATURE IS THE MARCH OF MAN. Barlow. - Volume IV. LAWRENCEBURGH, INDIANA; SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1820. Number 50.

PRESIDENT'S IVTESSAGE.

To the Senate and House cf Representatives of

(be Uoited States. Fellow-citizens of ths Senate,

and of the House of Representatives.

If the enjoyment in profusion of the

bounties of Providence forms a suitable subject of mutual gratulation and grate

ful acknowledgment, we are admonished

at this return of the season- when the

representatives of the nation are assem

bled to deliberate upou their concerns,

to offer un the tribute of fervent and

erateful hearts, for the never-failing

mercies of Him who ruleth over all. He has again favored us with healthful

seasons and abundant harvests. He has sustained us in peace with foreign countries, and in tranquillity within our borders. He has preserved us in the quiet and un disturbed possession of civil and religious liberty. He has crowned the year with His goodness, imposing on Us no other conditions than of improving for our own happiness the blessings bestowed by His hands, and, in the fruition of all His favors, of devoting the faculties with which we have been endowed by Him to His glory and to oui own temporal and eternal welfare. In the relations of our Federal Union with our brethren of the human racf, the changes which have occurred since the close of your last session, have gener

ally tended to the preservation of peace

and to the cultivation of harmony, lie fore your last separation, a war had un happily been kindled between the em

pire of Russia, one of those with which

our intercourse has been no otner than a constant exchange of good offices, and

that of the Ottoman Porte, a nation from

which geographical distance, religious opinions, and maxims of government on

their part little suited to the formation o

those bonds of mutual benevolonce which

resylt from the benefits ofcommerce, had

kept us in a btate, perhaps too much pro

longed, of coldness and alienation. The

extensive, fertile, and populous domin

ions of (he Sultan, belong rather to the

Asiatic than the European division of

the human family, lhey enter but par

tially into the system , of Jburope; nor

have their wars with Russia ami Austria, the European states upon which they

border, for more than a century past

disturbed the pacific relations of those states with the other great powers df Europe. Neither France, nor Prussia, nor Great Britain, has ever taken part in

them; nor is it to be expected that they

will at this time. The declaration of

war by Russia, has received the appro

ballon or acquiescence of her alies, and

we may indulge the hope that its pro

gress arid termination will be signalized

by the moderation and forbearance, no

, less than by the energy of the Emperor Nicholas, and that it will afford the op

portunity for such collateral agency in behalf of the suffmrg Greek, as will se

cure to them ultimately the triumph of

aumamly and of freedom. The state of our particular relations with France, has scarcely varied in the course of the present year. The commercial intercourse between the two countries has continued to ineiease for tUe mutual benefit of both. The claims of indemnity to numbers of our fellow citizens for depredations upon their property, heretofore committed, during the

Revolutionary governments, still remain

policy of both government?. The state

of them has been materially changed by

the act of Congress passed at their las?

session, in alteration of the several act

imposing duties on imposts, and by acts

of more recent date of the British Par

liamenf. The effect of the interdiction

of direct trade, commenced bv Great

Britain, and reciprocated by the Unl

ted Suites, has been as was to be fore

seen, only to substitute different channel

for an exchange of commmodities indis

pensable to the colonies, and profitable

to a numerous class ot our fellow citi

zens. The exports, the revenue, th

navigation of the United Slates, have suffered no diminution by our exclusion

trom direct access to tbe British Colo

nies. The Colonies pay more dearly

for the necessaries of life, which their

government burdens with the charges

of double voyages, freight, insurance and

commission, and the profits of our ex

ports are somewhat unpaired, and more

injuriously transferred from one portioi

of our citizens to another. The resump

tion of this old and otherwise exploded

system of Colonial exclusion, has not se. cured to the shipping interest of Great

liiitain the relief which, at the expense

of the distant colonies, and of the Um

t-'d States, it was expected to aflbrd.

Other measures have been resorted to,

more pointedly bearing upon the navigation of the United States, and which,

unless modified by the construction giv

en to the recent acts of Parliament, will

be manifestly incompatible with the pos i tire stipulations of the commercial con vention existing between the two coun

tries. That convention, however, may

be terminated, with twelve months no lice, at the option of either party.

A treaty of Amity, Navigation, and Commerce, between the United States and His M jesty the Emperor of Austria,

King of Hungary and bohemin, has

been prepared for signature by the Secretary of Stale, .and by the Baron

de Ledeier, intrusted with full powers of the Austr ian government. Independ

ently of the new and fiiondly relations

which may be thus commenced with one

of the most eminent and powerful na

tions of the earth, the occasion has been

laken in it, as in other recent treaties

concluded bv the United States, to ex tend those principles of liberal inter

course and of fair reciprocity which en-

tcrtwrne with the exchanges of com

merce, the principles of justice, and tinfeelings of mutual benevolence 'Fid-

system, first proclaimed to the world in

the first commercial treaty ever concluded by the United Slates, that of Cih February, 1778, with France, has been invariably the cherished policy of our Union. It is by treaties of commerce

alone that it can be made ultimately to prevail as the established system of all

civilized nations. With this principle

our fathers extended the hand of friend

ship to every nation of the globe, and to

his policy our country has ever since

adhered whatever of regulations in our laws has ever been adopted unfavor

able to the interest of any foreign natron, has been essentially defensive, and

counteracting to similar regulations of

theirs operating against us. Immediately afte rthe close of the war of independence, Commissioners were appointed by the Congress of the Confederation, authorized to conclude trea

ties with every nation of Europe dispo-

can continents, excepting a portion of territory chiefly at the northern extremity of our own, and confined to the remnants of dominion retained by Great

Britain over the insular Archipelago, geographically the adpendages of our

part of the globe. With all the rest we

have free trade even with the insular

colonies of all the European nations, ex

cept Great Britain. Her government

also had manifested approaches to the adoption of a free and liberal inter

course between her colonies and other nations, though by a sudden and scarce

ly explained revulsion, the spirit of exclusion has been revived for operation upon the United States alone.

The conclusion of our last treaty of

peace with Great Britain was shortly afterwards followed by a Commercial Convention, placing the direct intercourse between the two countries upon a footing of more equal reciprocity than had ever before been admitted. The

same principle has since been much farther extended by treaties with France,

Sweden, Denmark, the Hanseatic Cities,

I russia, in Europe, and with the Repub

lies of Columbia, and of Central Amer

ica, in this hemisphere. 1 lie mutual abolition of discriminating duties and charges, upon the navigation and com

mercial intercourse between the parties, is the general maxim which characteri

zes them all. There is reason to expect

that K will, at no ditant period, be ad

opted by other nations, both of Europe

and Amenca,and to hope that, by ils uni

versal prevalence, one of the fiuitful

sources of wars of commercial competi

tion will be extinguished.

Among the nations upon whose gov-

ernment many of our fellow citizens have had long pending claims of identity for depredations upon their property,

during a period when the rights oi neu

tral commerce were disregarded, wuj

that of Denmark. They were, soon at-

er the events o cm red, ti e subject of a

special mission fr.im the United Slates,

it the close of which the assurance was

;ivenbyhis Danish Majesty, thai, at a mriod of more tranquillity, and less

listless, they would be considered, ex

amined, and decided upon, in a spirit of

Jeterrnined purpose for the dispensation

of justice. I have much pleasure in in-

orming Congress, that the fulfilment ot his honorable promise is now in pro;i ess; that a small portion of the claims

las already "ten settled to me satisfac

tion of the claimants: and that we have

euson to hope that the remainder will

hortly be placed in a tram ot equitable

cents. The receipts into the Treasury from the tirst of January to the thirtieth of September last, so far as have been ascertained to form the basis of an estimate, amount to eighteen millions six hundred and thirty-three thousand five hundred & eighty dollars 8c twenty-seven cents, which , with the receipts of the presentquarter, estimated at five millions four hundred sixty-one thousand two hundred & eighty-three dollars &, fortycents, form an aggregate of receipts during the year, of twenty-four millions Sc ninety-four thousand eight hundred and sixty-three dollars and sixty-seven cents. The expenditures of the ear may probably amount to twenty-five millions six hundred and thirty-seven thousand five hundred and eleven dollars and sixty-

three cents; and leave in the Treasury

on the hrst of January next, the sum o

five millions one hundred and twenty-five

thousand six hundred and thirty-cigh dollars, fourteen cents.

The receipts of the present year have amounted to near two millions more than

was anticipated at the commencement o the last session of Congress.

l ne amount ot duties secured on importations from the first of January to the 30th of September was about twen

ty-two millions nine hundred and ninety

seven thousand, and that of the estimated accruing revenue is five millions,

leaving an aggregate for the year of near

twenty-eight millions. 1 his is one mil

lion more than the estimate made last

December for the accruing revenue of

the present year, which, with allowan

ces for drawbacks and contingent defi

ciencies, was expected to produce an ac

tual revenue of twenty-two millions three hundred thousand dollars. Had these

only been realized," the expenditures of

the year would have been also propor

tionally reduced, tor of these twenty

four millions received, upwards of nine

millions have been applied to the extinc

tion of public debt tearing an interest of

six per cent, a j ear, and ot course redu cing the burden of interest annually pay

able in future, by the amount of more

than half a million. 1 he payments on

account oi interest during the current

year exceed three millions of dollars

presenting an aggregate of more than

twelve millions applied during the year

to the discharge of the public debt, the

adjustment. This ro-ult has always been confidently expected from the character of personal integrity and of benevolence which the sovereign of the Danish dominions has, through every vi-

cissitude of fortune, maintained.

This general aspect of the affairs of

our neighboring American nations of the South, has been rather of approaching than of settled tranquillity. Internal disturbances have been more frequent among them than their common friends would have desired. Our intercourse with all has continued to be that of friendship, and of mutual good will. Treaties of commerce and of boundaiics with the United Mexican States have been negotiated, but, from various sue- . j I A I I..

cessive orvncies, nor ye; orougni to a final cc:k 1 ion. The civil war which

unforru.ia'ic-ly still prevails in the Repub

whole of which remaining due on the

earnestrepresentationand remonstrance, the French revolution, such treaties had

Recent advices from the Minister of thei been consummated with

United States at Paris, encourage the expectation that the appeal to the justice of the French government will ere long receive a favorable consideration. The lait friendly expedient has been resorted to for the decision of the controversy with Great Britain, relating to the North Eastern boundary of the United States. By an agreement with the British government, carrying into effect the provisions of tbe fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, and the convention of 20lh"Sept. 1327, His Majesty the King of the Netherlands has by common con-Bjt-ut been selected as the umpire between the parties. The proposal to him to accept the designation for the performance of this friendly office will be made at an early day, and the United Slates, relying upon the justice of their cause, will cheerfully commit the arbitrament of it to a prince equally distinguished for the independence of his spirit, his indefatigable assiduity to the duties of his station, and his inflexible personal probity Our commercial relations with Great Britain will deserve the serious considntion of Congress, and the exercise of a conciliatory and forbearing spirit in the

the United

Netherlands, Sweden, and Prussia. During those wars, treaties with Great Britain and Spain had been effected, and those with Prussia and France renewed. In all these, some concessions to the liberal principles of intercourse proposed by the United States, had been obtained; but as, in all the negotiations, they C3me occasionally in collision with previous internal regulations, or exclusive and excluding compacts of monopoly, with which the other parties had been trammelled, the advances made in them towards the freedom of

trade were partial and imperfect. Colo nial establishments, chartered companies, and ship building influence, perva

ded and encumbered the legislation of

all the great commercial States; and the United States, in offering free trade and equal privilege to all, were compelled to acquiesce in many exceptions with each of the parties to their treaties, accommodated to their existing laws and anterior engagements. The colonial system, by which this whole hemisphere was bound, has fallen into ruins. Totally abolished by revolutions, converting colonies into independent nations, throughout te two Ameri-

uuadjusted, and still form the "subject of sed to adopt them. Before the wars of lie of Central America, has been unuro-

pitious to the cultivation oi our commercial relations with them; and the diesentions and revolutionary changes in the

Republics of Columbia and of Peru,

have been seen with cordial regret by us, who would gladly contribute to the hap

piness of both. It is with great satisfaction, however, that we have witnessed the recent conclusion of a peace between the governments of Buenos Ay res and

of Brazil; and it is equally gratifying to

observe, that indemnity has been obtained for some of the injuries which our fellow citizens had sustained in the latter of those countries. The rest are in a train of negotiation, which we hope may terminate to mutual satisfaction, and that it may be succeeded by a treaty of commerce and navigation upon liberal principles, propitious to a great and

growing commerce, already important

jto the interests of our country.

The condition and prospects of the

revenue are more tavoraoie than our

most sanguine expectations bad anticipa ted. The balance in the Treasury on

the first day of January last, exclusive of

the moneys received under the Convention of 13th November, 1826, with Great Britain, was five millions eight hundred and sixty-one thousand nine hundred and

seventy-two dollars and eightv-threej

first of January nest will amount only to fifty -eight millions thrte hundred and sixty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-five dollars, seventy-eight i cuts. That the revenue of the ensuing year will not fall short of that received in the one now expiring, there are indications which can scarcely prove deceptive. In

our country, an unilurm experience ol

lorty yeats lias shown that whatever the tariff of duties upou articles imported from abroad has been, the amount of importations has always borne an average value nearly approaching to that of the exports, though occasionally differing in the balance, sometimes being more, and sometimes less-. It is, indeed, a general law of prosperous commerce, that the real value of exports should, by a small, and only a small balance, exceed that of imports, that balance being a permanent addition to the wealth of the nation. Th extent of the prosperous commerce of the nation must be regulated by the

amount of its exports; and an important

addition to the value of these will draw after it a corresponding increase of importations. It has happened, in the vi cissitudes of the seasons, that the harvests of all Europe have, in the late Summer and Autumn, fallen short of the Usual average. A relaxation of the interdict upon the importation of grain and flour from abroad has ensued; a propitious market has been opened to the granaries of our country ; and a new prospect of reward presented to the labors ol the husbandman, which, for several i 1 l J TL

years, nas neen aeniea. i rus accessior

to the profits of agriculture in the middle and weslern portions of our Union is accidental and temporary. It may contin

ue only for a single year. It may be, a

has been often experienced in the revo

lutions of time, but the first ot several scanty harvests in succession. We mav consider it certain tbat for the approaching year, it ha? added an item of large

amount to the value of oui exports, and that it will produce a corresponding increase of importations. It may, therefore, confidently be foreseen that the revenue of 1529 will equal, and probably exceed j that of 1828, and will afford the means of extinguishing ten millions more of the principal of the public debt. This new element of prosperity to that part of our agricultural industry which i9 gecupied in producing the first article

of human subsisUnce, is of the most cheering character to the feelings of patriotism. Proceeding from a cause which humanity will view with concern, the sufferings of scarcity iu distant lands, it yields a consolatory reflection, that this scarcity is in no respect attributable to us: That it comes from the dispensation of Him who ordains all in wisdom and gooduess, and who permits evil itself only as an instrument of good: That, far from contributing to this scarcity, our agency will be applied only to the alleviation of its severity, and that in pouring forth, from the abundance of our garners the supplies which will partially restore plenty to those who are in need, we shall ourselves reduce our stores, and add to the price of our own bread, so as in some degree. to participate in the wants which it will be the good fortune of our country to relieve. The great interests of an agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing nation, are so linked in union together, that no permanent cause of prosperity to one of them can operate without extending its influence to the others. All these interests are alike under the protecting power of the legislative authority: and thd duties of the representative bodies are to conciliate them in harmony togetherSo far as the object of taxation is to raifa a revenue for discharging the debts, and defraying the expenses of the community, it should as much as possible suit ther burden with equal hand upon all, in proportion with their ability of bearing it without oppression. But the legislation of one nation is sometimes intentionally made to bear heaviU upon the interests

of another. That legislation, adapted as it is meant to be, to the special interests of its own people, will often press most unequally upon the several component interests of its neighbors. Thus

the legislation of Great Britain when, as has recently been avowed adapted to the

depression of a rival nation, will natural

ly abound with regulations of interdict upon the productions of the soil or industry of the other which come in competition with its own; and will present en

couragement, perhaps even bounty, to the raw material of the other State,

cvhich it cannot produce itself, and which

is essential tor me use oi as macuJctures, competitors in the markets of the world with those of its commercial rival.

Such is the state of the commercial Jegis

lation of Great Britain, as it bears upon

our interests, it excludes, with inter

dicting duiies, all importation (except

in time of approaching famine) of the

great staple productions of our Middle

and Western States; it proscribes, with

equal rigor, the bulkier lumber aod live

stock of the same portion, and also of the

Northern and Eastern part of our UnionIt refuses even the rice of the South, un

less aggravated with a charge of duty upon the Northern carrier who brings it to them. But the cotton, indispensable for their looms, they will receive almost duty free, to weave it into a fabric for our own wear, to the destruction of our manufacturer, which they are enabled thus to undersell. Is the self-protecting energy of this nation so helpless that there exists, in the political institutions of our country, no power to counteract the bias of this foreign legislation? that the grow ers of grain must submit to this exclusion from the foreign markets of their produce; that the shippers must dismantle their ships, the trade of the North stagnateatthe wharves, and the manufacturers starve at their looms, while the whole people shall pay tribute to foreign Indus-, try to be clad in a foreign garb; that the Congress of the Union are Impotent to restore the balance in favor of native industry destroyed by the statutes of another realm? More just and more generous sentiments will; I trust, prevail. If the

tariff adopted at the last Session of Congress shall be found, by xperier.cej to bear oppressively upon the interests of any one section of the Union, it ottght to be, and I cannot doubt will be, fjq modified as to alleviate its burden To the voice of just complaint from any portica of their constituents, the Repre&ntativeff of the States and People, will never turn away their ears. But so long a the duty of the foreign shall operate as a bounty upon the domestic article while the planter, and the merchant, and the shepherd, and the husbandman, shall be found thriving in their occupations under the duties imposed for the protection of domestic manufactures, they will not repine at the prosperity shared with themselves by their fellow citizens of other professions, nor denounce as violations of the Constitution the deliberate acts of Con

gress to shield from the wrongs of foreign

laivs the native ifjuusti;- yf the Ucicn,