Indiana Palladium, Volume 3, Number 50, Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, 22 December 1827 — Page 4

CONCLUDED.

Many Views are taken with respect to . -- . . . . 1 the situation of the sold unpatented lanas. Nearly all agree, that something ehould be done to avert the unjust and unhap py consequences, which must result in time from a continuance ot tne present arrangement. The amount of debt due for public lands in the Western country, Is truly discouraging, and evidently, oui measures the ability of the people lo discharge it. Ft cannot be denied but what the government has indulged the purchaser already, by giving time to the advantage of many ; but there are thousands -who have taken advantage of the tendered credit, who will still be unable to comply with its conditions. The same liberal sentiment, which has once given an extension of credit to land debtors, will surely take delight in a' repetition of the good deed, if actual necessity demands it. And I have yet to hear the reason advanced, to justify the United States, acting on the principles of moral honesty, in ever receiving anoth er forfeiture of the lands sold, for want of payment which have been taken pos session of by the actual settlor. Unasons also less cogent, may be oflfcred why forfeitures should not be exacted of any class of purchasers. The entries of those very lands, which now stand on the relief list, were made at a time when the whole monied concerns of the continent were a splendid delusion. These things took place in the paper age, when the country was literally inundated with a fictitious circulating medium, which every state in the Union contributed more or less to put into circulation. Forty odd Banks were incorporated in some states at a single session of their Assembly's; and bank bills were flying through the land, like locusts of olden time. All who wished, could handle enough of them to enter one or more quarter sections of land, not looking for & failure in the paper, or a change of times. The United State, too, contributed their share largely at tirsl, to give credit to this currency, by making it receivable at their land offices. M tnv thousand quarter sections were entered, with that bank paper, which are now unpaid for. When the B a n ks failed, the government stopped the receipt of their paper for land arid demanded specie or its equivalent. The war also, connected with the B inks, left upon the people a spell, from which they did not recover for years afterwards. Markets were then good, and prices for the productions of the soil were high. Every thing combined to make the citifen fix a fale estimate upon real estate. But the picture is now turned. We have no armies to feed. The great mass of our population have become agriculturalists. Production greatly ex Cceds consumption. There are no extra .ordinary armies in Europe to supply. And the staples of our country, oread and raeet are excluded therefrom by prohibi tions and restrictions. The inhabitant? of the cities of the two AtaericaE, aVid the manufactories of the northern, are the principal consumers. These very land debtors, have also, been the pioneers of a; country unimproved by roads and canals, and have been subjected to continuous risks, sacrifices and expenses to convert their labor into money. They have by their prowess forced the savage to bury the tomahawk,-and confronted danger and difficulty in all their most distressing forms; and hare opened the path' which now conducts the steps of the emigrant, in quiet safety, into the Egypt of America. A flourishing and rival neighbor the Mexican Government is also offering her lands to actual settlers, distinguishing not between alien or deniz:?n. These considerations with many other reasons, which might be urged, ought forever to banish from the councils of our country, the idea of taking the poor man's home, with the labor of his better days, as a forfeiture,-for no other crime than that of penury. Congress may at once get rid of this troublegome subject by an effectual display of that magnanimity, which has always characterized that body. In all cases where eighty dollars have been paid as

the entrance money oraqaarter ieclio.iJ(chojlI,had a,(ainedln ,he Lali .A

let thetn order a pntent to issue for eighty acres of land. Twer payment! at this rate, would entitle the holders of a certificate to a quarter section. It does appear forcibly, that the circumstances under which the unpaid for lands were purchased, justice and policy all concur in requiring that much, at least at the hand ot the General Government. If you think with me, speak to the Nation your sentiments on these matters. The Surveyor General has just completed the survey of the boundary line between this state and the Territory of iUicnigan, according to an act of the last Congressr to the full extent of our claims. The boundary is fixed ten miles north ofthe southern extreme of! Lake Michigan, giving to Indiana, upwards of fifty miles of territory bordering on it. A communication which I have in my poseestfrou, from Col. Bomford. of the Engineer Department, at Pittsburgh,'

shears that this state has received arms

and equipments, equal to eighty four muskets more than her returns entitle her. It may here be proper to observe, that, that Department has given me notice that no one but the Executive the state, is hereafter authorized draw and receipt for our quota to of arms, &c. Due attention ha3 not been paid to making returns to the 6tate Adjutant GeneraPs office by militia officers, which has kept our quota of Arms below our real strength. And the last Ueueral Assembly, inadvertently repealed the muster at which it was the duty of Company officers to make their returns, which occasions an additional can?e of failure tor this year. If the Commandm er in Chief, or the Adjutant General, were authorised to make the Annual return, according to the best information they could-acquire, we would not, in future, suffer the usual loss of arms. Though a well organised militia i? the strong arm of the National deience, and the shield of our liberty, but little t a r i . l. -!.. -i. a - i peeling if, under the conviction thai Cn gress is the proper body to build up an effective and general system for its discipline and government. That body siaifi i 'tnsiaiion uaa laKeu Lwace leshas this power expressly given to it by the Constitution, reserving to the states the right of appointing ail the officer? and the authority of training. A sagmaxim thai uniformity, is the glory ui this system, induced ihis delegation ol power to the Federal Legislature. The Secretary of War, in ooedience to an ict of Congress, ha9 been diligently ar ranging a system of tactics predicated upon the public sentiment, and-most longeniwl to our institution, which ai fxlensive correspondence has inane quite manliest. 1 he most important feature in tins new system is, that which proposes to divide the militia into two classes, active and sedentary. Experience has tested the fallacy ol requiring the who body of the militia in ihe United States, to perform actual services eacn year. And the two hundred thousand dollars which are annu ally appropriated for arming and equipping the militia of the states, will never accomplish the design of its expenditure, for the increase of militia men far ex ceeds the number of persons furnished annually. This system proposes to raise a volunteer corps, in each state, in proportion to its population, who are u be armed and equipped completely. B (hi means but a small number compaied to the whole body of the militia, will he enrolled for actual service, and none bui those who take a pride in serving theii country, in arms. The sedentary will be called into service, if required, ir times of trouble.' Such an arrangement, will leave the active JVilitia without ex cuse in the performance of their dutv, and will enable us to present a line, in the day of battle, which will be ;te terrible, in appearance, as it will be zviling to handle the instruments of War. A-" consequence, the coJiscicntious, vvili K: exempt in times of pce from dut' penalties, or equivalents, the active corps being voluntary. This bears no similitude to a standing arm), f.r the soldier is a local citizen, and the officer is appointed by the authority of the states -j and no change is affected in the domicil of either, A "Military Chieftain" can neither comroand or corrupt it. It is expected that the officers and soldiers in the active iiitia will be paid for the few days ih-y are in service, learning their duty, each vear, and provisions furnished them with tents and camp equippage. The cost of a military establishment, like the above, i thought to he the least Koensrve ci anv oiaer. r on will no doubt notice ttie letter of the- Secretary ot War. on this subiKctw to be found amog the untinished business of the last session, in a proper manner. The board of visitors to the Bloornington Seminary, eat there, for the first tim, on the first Thursday of the last month. They witnessed, with special satisfaction, the examination of the students, in the various branches of science and literature, to which their attention had been devoted by their able instruct-

Greek languages, and in the Mathema-i'0 Ha Qnce 10 dispense with the common law, tics, presented both students and profes-jcaDl b Pu-d. But wbiNt this admissors in the most favorable light. That sion 1 luU9t b al,ovv'd ".? opinion,

portion ot Seminary lands, which wasJT r "T, lA in r;k ' !ed 8pbnd. and writb-n ma statute book, to sold in Monroe and G'bson counties,! Vi !i i ., . r . . , 1 , c j - . JienabU the ptopla gnerlly, to form a tolarabrought a four pnceroducing near th.r- b!c correetide. ofniil of risprudeDce ty thousand dollars.; The interest upon whieh cmtroula their aetions And ifVcode this sum together with the amount due1C0Qtaln8 wholesome provisions, it need not b the institution from the state, will pro-jked whether tbey w-re original or borrowed duce an interest of two thousand dollars-front tbe. beautiful maxims ofthe common law, for its support. All unite in supposing,! the civil law, the Napoleon or tbe Livingston that the interest on the fund is now sufti-icodes, than the last of which will none other

cient to justify the institution in taking! the rank of a college, and to employ a President and other Professors; leaving a sum to be appropriated, each year, to purchase a library and apparatus. Your body is respectfully requested to give the institution a college charter. When all this shall have been accomplished, but little doubt is entertained, that the youth of Indiana can obtain their education at home, without performing an unnatural journey to another state for it.

Proper regulations will follow, as a mat

ter of course, so as to enable the poor to enjoy its advantages, as well as the rich. You are again earnestly requested to proportion punishment to crime, more ofjjustly than the existing penal code de mands. I must suggest the propriety ol no one being punished, by imprisonment in the penitentiary, unless the nature of the offence would require a term of service not less than three years. A distinction between grand and petit larceny, especially, should be drawn. With an expectation tnat something would be done by this General Assembly, in this nartirnlar. no permanent contract has I 7 I been made with a superintendant ot the prison, for its? future management. This improvement in the criminal code, will enable the Governor to make a contract much more advantageous to the stale than he can if it remains in his present state. A committee was authorized, during the past summer to examine the penitentiary, and to inquire into its man agement, who performed their dutv,! and transmitted to me thrir report; which will be laid before you, together - i with a temporary contract w ith Colonel Westover. The attention of former legislatures, has been called to the propriety of improving the navigation of the two White Rivers. The number of boats which navtt descended these streams in safety loaded for New Orleans, leaves no doubt as to the propriety of paying parocular attention to them, as very valuable auxiliaries to the southern trader. A few hundred dollars annually appropriated for the purpose of cutting out sawyers, and removing some piles of drift, would very soon make their navi gation for descending boats, in common rises of water, as safe as any one could desire or expect. The White River countries are beginning to produce a considerable surplus for exportation; vhich maks it necessary that they should not be overlooked whilst we are improving the navigation in other parts. X The permanent location of the Nation al Road, has been completed this season, as far westwaid as the line dividIndiana from Illinois. We shall look to the completion of this road with much anxiety, until it is fn.ished. I' has rtlrad occasioned the germs ol town, and farms are opening near it, up- . ii on tne tattn tnat no ciicmnstance win occur to discontinue its pro ress. The passage of the hill before Congress, to remove th timber,' us a preparatory step is not h.ss wie than politic. I tie fate of t memorial to Congress of the last General Aaabiy, to sell tne school secth'us, is iot yei df t- rmiud As it i must probnblo ti'af h shall not bear Jrom it in time to act at this st8io na!hii will be Siid illusualive of that ysU in of fducaiion. winch sppenrs to be ihctatfcd by the bist i-xprience, and ttupporteil b (be strongest reasons; tviirn ever this subject becon.ei a topic of I Relation, howirr, 1 hope ihe voice of history and thttfsttd theories of other governments will bnotad; and that particular r-fri)ce may be bud to 'he improvement of the htad the heart mid the boty Ai tnt expiration of about two years, it will be nectgr) either to republish tha present revised code, or one on an improved plan. The demand for thos on hand i great, nd the number of nev counties organ z-ng, and the inertdse ot officers, will in that time, take the fow that remnin. V Anticipating the necessity which must arisoj, it is ruy intention to present to a future L trislature a code of law, both civil and criminal for its consideration. In Uftzng this step, tbe responsibility and cost will be on me. If, upon examination, it is believed to brt an improvement upon our present volume, affcr undergoing tbe ordeal of legislation and consequently the strictest scrutiny, it will become law. No liberal suspicion can be entertained that my object is dictation, whea it is remembered that the Constitution gives this power to the Governor He can either recommfnd the passage of a single law, or the adopiion of aa entire code.' Whilst attempting to execute a work of this magnitude, I would be regardless or my own reputation, tbe greater oonor of the state, and the still greater j interest of the governed, were I not to avail myself of tbe advice of 'he first talents in the Stat. The greatest imperfection of the exist ing revisad code is, that it contains but little, compared to the multiplicity of useful provisions' which misrht be iocorDorated in a bo.iU of its kind C odification, commensurate with all the multifarious concerns of mankind, in which is to b found a remedy tor everv wrong, with a practical mode prescribed for sacking redrtss. contribute more abundantly to swell its pages with its sage precapts. This code does ini mortal honor to tha distinguished luminary who penned it, and may, with proper modifications, be adopted by any s ate. Should we aucceed in getting a code as replete with matter as this one is, the common law of England, and the British statutes made in aid of it, which have been declared in force in this state, may he abandoned as obligatory, in most cases, and made use of only as authority. Or, as it is not contended that a tingle effort cat reduce all the tinwriUeu to written laws, 10 as to em-

brace every possibla case, o; that the mind of;

any finite creature, can grasp at enough lor the infinitude of human acts, the comcuou law might be continued in force in all cases not within the perview of the code. Ihe advantages such a code will afford, will be, to enable the governed to know what the law is, and to hive il in their power to acquire that knowl edge without much trouble or expense. This is not now the case, nor will it ever be, so loo as several thousand books of reports and elementary treaties must be read, lo arrive at a full knowledge of the laws. A code ma contain principles so epitomized, that a single sentence would give that information, relative (o the common transactions of the world, which the labor of a week in books, would not so clearly establish. The presumption that no code can be suddenly made to compreheud all the cases which may occur in a community, as far advanced in civilization as ours, is no argu mnt why we should not commence the work ol self government in reality, and go as far as we can . leaving the balance for posterity to do. As long as one country tamely submit lo be gov trued by the laws and customs of anotner, it is not entirely free. Half a century has passed away since the declaration of our iudepeudeuce, and rJntish laws still govern us. Iheeuriier we commmce shaking off this disreputable stigma upon the intelligence and capability of our countrymen, the sooner we shall b prepared to resort to the common law of KogUud us a body of philosophy, and hang it up only a a lamp in the land; and to res dve that no sys tern however grand and beautiful in all its syu etry and pans, which must remain a mysUry to the multitude, and as inaccessible toil aa tbe lawa of Caligula, shall be the rule by which the conduct of all shall be squ ired 1 shall hope that gentlemen of the bar will nut suppose, that this attempt to promulgatr the laws of the land, will be aim ad at their useful profession, or condemn its practicability, until they see the book The sahi and entrits of lots in the town of Indianapolis, authorized by an act of tne last session, from May last up to this time, amount to twelve thousand three hundred and seventy four dollars. - Tbe treasury is not in as good a condition as it was last year, on account of the reduction of taxes, which was authorized by the last sssioa. The assessmeufs ofthe past year, will not exceed thirty-tbiee thousand dollars, of which it is not probable that more than twenty-seven thousand will be paid into the treasury tha balance bein required for comm raion delinquencies, mileage and sdvrti-ing. An old balance ia the treasury of 19 23 i, as reported fo me ly the treasurer on th 31st of Dec. Ia6t added to the sua of S274000, supposed to arrive at the treasury of tin year's revenue, will make the sum of g46.?34 for the service of the current year, txcept tbe amounts paid out since tbe said 31st of Dc. last, which the treasurer has not reported to me. ihe ordinary expense of the present political year, ought not to exceed twenty seven thousand, dollars, fa addition to tbe above, it ma be expected that something will be realized from old delinquent lists. Our atate drbt is extinguished, except what is due the road and canal and seminary funds, which are payable at the pleasure of the state; tha amouat of which appeared iu lay last regular communication. The existing revenue law will produce means enough lor the commou purposes of government in future. The polls are rapidly increasing:, and a large additional quantity of land will be added, this year, to the old source of revenue, I shall bo at all times at my post, ready to co-operate with you, in any measure tending to preserve the Union ofthe states; pub!ic and private prosperity; (be just and constitutional powers ofthe people; the powers of tbe sever al departments of th government free from encroachment; civil Ifarty and equality, with their original qual.catiori!,; the rights of private property, and the aneity of individual contracts; the exeicise of all tbe legitimate powers delegated to the central and national legislature at Washington; the unrelinquished rights of tha states; airoper respect for the acts of those in authority, always tempered by the public eentiment peace; the unqualified toleration of religious and political sentiment, without proscription and the elements of that greatness to which our beloved country is destined, by the Ruler ofthe Unrerse, in her majestic march, to arrive at. JAMES B. IiAY. Collector's Notice. HAVING been appointed Collector of Taxes ior uearoorn county for the ytar 1B27, and re ceivea tne Duplicate, together with a precept comnaai ding me to collect the same. I hereby S,ve otic that 1 am preptired to receive the m 'unt cl-rged to each individual, as also arrearagea uue me tor former yrars 1 have been collector. No funhtr indulgences nerd be ex P'.cted by delinquents, us 1 km determined to col tfet as the law prescribes. I will pass through me county immediately lor tue purpose, ot collecting, t which time I hope to receive the litUe ums uue, so s to save further trouble. Thoae indebted to me for fees, notes, or ac counts wilt do v.ell topc the same immediate , as I will pUc taom in the bunds of proptr offi ers for collection. 1 alao u ish tj close the bu siness of the Indiana Spectator, and to receive hr amount due cue on subscriptions tken o be Palladium for settle ment. Huvirg- bereto tre so often r quested payment by advertise fnent to little effect, I have concluded that it is unnecessary to warn any more 1 must nd wiil fesort to the authority givm me b law for th? recovery of my debts. Postponed Sale. Notice is hereby givea, that 1 will on the 1st Monday in J. nuaiy ut xt after disposing of the personal property of delinquents, s charged in the duplicate, (where the same does not satisfy the demand,) offer for sale all the trnd whereon the taxes are not paid previous to that time, by their Number of Township, Hinge, Section, Quarter Section, or parts thereof also all town lots, or fractions, charged aa aforesaid, and continue said aate from day to day until all are of fered for sale. JOHN SP&NCER, Collector, for Dearborn county. Collector's offiae, Lvrencebugh4 July 12th, $ S3

25S

AMOS LANE, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, INFORMS the public that he will constantly J attend the Terms of the Supreme Court; the District Court of the United States, at Indianapolis; the Franklin, Dearborn, Switzerland, and Ripley Circuit Courts; and any other Court in the state on special application. That in future his undivided and persevering attention and talents, will be devoted to his profession And may, at all times, be consulted at his office, in Lawrenceburgh, next door to Mr. Hunt's Hotel, or at Court. July 25, 1827. 29tf N G. HOWARD, COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Lawrenceburgh, Indiana, will faithfully attend to professional business intrusted to his care. He will attend the courts in the 3d circuit, also the Supreme and U. States courts at Indianapolis Office on High Street, opposite the Clerk's Office. Feb. 25, 1826. 8--. 20 Dollars Reward. 4 BSCtNUED from ibe service of the sub. t&. cnbcr, on ihe evening" of the !Oth iost. Indented Apprentices to the coopering business, named Joseph and William Meeker, win brothers. I he above reward will be paid for the returu of said apprentices, or Ten Dollars for either of them, and reasonable charges paid. All persons are hereby forbid employing or harboring them, as I am determined to use all legal means to obtain the balance of service due from them, or an equivalent. I expect they have made their way to Indiana state, perhaps some. here on the waters or Hogan Creek, ten or fifteen miles from Aurora, as their mother and relatives live in that neighbourhood lnformation of them from any of my fellow craft will be thankfully received, and reciprocated if circumstances would present the case. WILLIAM SCHILLINGER. Cincinnati Nov. 14, 1827. 46 3w. ADMINISTRATOR'S NOTICE Public notice is hereby given, that I have taken out letters of administration on the estate of James H. Graves deceased, and have lodged the notes and accounts of the deceased in that hands of Thomas Palmer Esq. in Lawrencburgh, where persons indebted will do well to call and settle within one month from this date; the said estate it is believed, will be am ply solvent. CATHARINE GRAVES Adm'r. November 9, 1827. 47 3w Valuable Property for Sale. THE subscriber offers for sale 160 acres of land, situated about three miles from Hartford, between the waters of Hogan and Laughery creeks, 70 of which are cleared and under cultivation, and the balance well timbered. On the premises are a good dwelling housebarn, out houses, two bearing orchards, meadows, and three never failing springs. ALSO The well known tavern stand in the town of Hartford, now occupied by Davis Weaver, Esq, to which is attached three lots of ground, a good stable, nd a excellent well of water. ALSO The eligible store house occupied by J. & A P. Andrew, nearly opposite the aforesaid tavern stand, to w hich is tuched an excel lent garden lot. ALSO The premises on which the subscri. ber residee, situated in Hartford, consisting of one large two story frame house, well calculated tor a store ar.d Uvcru, an elegant and spacious stable, part stone, four lota of ground, and two nc vr failing sprints. The above described property will be sold low for cssb, if application Ue mad. previous to the lat ot February next; .tier which time it will be tor rent. For terms anolv to the snhsrrihpf living in Hartford, la. JOHN LEViNGSTON;. October 6 18;YTOW Boot Ss Shoe Maker VVISUliS to inform tha citizens ofthe state of Indiana, Krntuikr, and Ohio, that he carries on the above busuit a at hia old stand, first door above Jesse Hunt's Hotel, ot. High street. He as on band a gener! assortmmr of woik: Women's Morocco, prunella and calf-skin shoes ; Men's coarse and fine boots and shoes. All of which are executed as well as any in the Eastern or Western cities, and of as good mate, ri.ls. Attention will be paid to all orders in his line of business. JOURXEYMEX WAXTED; To whom Cincinnati wtges will be given Lawrenceburgh, July 12,17. 2-tf INDIANA PALLADIUM, P RUSTED AXD PUBLISHED BV M. Greg? & D. V. Cullej, OjV EVERY SATURDAY. The PirtABiii is printed Weekly, on sur toyal paper, at THREE DOLL PS. per annum, paid at the end of the year; which truv be dial charged by the payment of TWO DOLLaHS in advance, or by paying TWO DOLLARS 6 HKTV m- . i iimt cjkpii anon 01 our montixt Those who receive their Daneis tbi.noh th Post-office, or by the mail carriet. must nav th carrage, otherwise it will be charged on thei subscription. ADVERTISEMENTS Containing 1? lines, three insertions or leas, i n dollar; twenty-five cents for each additional in seriion -larger advertisements in tbe same proportion. The CASH must accompany advertia- mentg otherwise they will be published until paid for. i tne expenss 01 me advert ser. V Letters to the editors must be post-paid, iiberviae they will not be attended to. OF ALL KLYDS JYEATLY EXEC& TED AT THIS OFFICE.

TERMS.